Evening star. [volume], August 22, 1963, Page A-2, Image 2

About Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972

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A-2
THE EVENING STAR
Washington, 0. C-, Thursday, August 22, 1963
TREATY
Two Clash Sharply
With Others on Pact
Continued From Page A-l
hoped thfc Senate would vote
into the treaty.
A reservation is virtually
an amendment. If any are
approved by the Senate It
would mean the whole treaty
would have to go back to the
original negotiating table to
see if the original signers agree
to the reservation. The admin
istration, to avoid this, is
pressing for ratification of the
treaty as it stands.
The first reservation of Ad
miral Strauss asks that the
language in Article 1 which
rules out all nuclear explosions
except those underground be
not construed as preventing the
use by the United States of
nuclear weapons In case of
aggression.
Secretary of State Rusk
already has stated that the
United States would not be
bound by the treaty in case its
national interests were endan
gered nor would it feel obliged
to wait three months before
abrogating the treaty in case
of a dire military threat. The
“escape clause” of the treaty
obliges a nation to give three
months’ notice before with
drawing.
Seeks Peaceful Uses
Admiral Strauss’ second res
enration would allow construc
tion of harbors, canals and
other peaceful works by the
use of nuclear explosives even
if prohibited by the treaty.
The pact does not rule out
peaceful uses of nuclear explo
sions, but states that certain
underground explosions are
prohibited if the radioactive
debris that “leaks” to the sur
face carries beyond national
boundaries. Thus, while explo
sions in the interior of the
United States would probably
be allowed, such projects as
another Panama Canal would
probably have to be ruled out.
This problem also drew the
attention of Dr. Libby this
morning, who suggested that
the, treaty be amended in the
future when the United States
is ready for such peaceful
projects.
Admiral Strauss’ other four
recommendations generally re
peated those made by the ad
ministration in the past.
These are the so-called “safe
guards” which President Ken
nedy has pledged to carry out
if the treaty is ratified. These
include keeping proving
grounds ready for atmospheric
tests in case the treaty is bro
ken, a vigorous program of un
derground testing, improve
ment of detection capability
and keeping nuclear labora
tories in operation.
Admiral Strauss also recom
mended that Congress require
the executive department to
report immediately all informa
tion about any suspected nu
clear explosions.
Dr. Libby said that because
•f the built-in prohibition
•gainst development of high
yield weapons, the test ban
treaty “is “potentially the most
significant step toward disarm
ament made in recent years...
It is not to be taken as a mere
token move but as being sub
stantial and real in all respects.”
He also urged that the nu
elear laboratories be kept busy
with development of nuclear
weapons and therefore sup
ported the “safeguards” already
promised by the administration.
Admiral Strauss, in supporting
Dr. Teller’s contention that fur-1
ther atmospheric testing is
necessary, said “the coming
months should see marked de
velopments in anti-missile sys
tems. for these are critically
essential to our defense ... I
will only add my belief that
underground testing will not
suffice to prove an anti-ballistic
missile system.”
He criticized those who said
•n ABM system cannot be de-
House Group Opens Probe
On'Reverse Bias'in U.S. Jobs
By SAM EASTMAN i
Bt»r Bt*ft Writer
A House subcommittee has
begun an investigation of pos
sible Job discrimination against
white Federal Government
workers with a pledge of a "fair
and objective” probe.
The House Civil Service
Committee had assigned its
man-power utilization subcom
mittee to the investigation i
earlier this month.
After an executive session
yesterday, the subcommittee,
headed by Representative Hen
derson, Democrat of North
Carolina, announced:
“The subcommittee will move
ahead in a careful and delib
erate fashion to assure a fair
and objective approach to a
personnel management area
which can easily become high
ly warped by emotions.”
The question before the sub
committee is whether the Ken
nedy administration’s program
to brighten hiring and promo
tion opportunities for Negroes
in the Government has resulted
turning Btar Bunbag Star
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veloped by reflecting on the
past controversy over the hy
drogen bomb:
“It was once said that the
thermonuclear weapon, even if
it could be built, could be trans
ported to a target only by ox
cart,” he said. "At that time I
was one of a very small minor
ity, which Included Dr. Teller,
believing the contrary and con
tending against great odds be
cause of our conviction that
world freedom was at stake,”
he said.
“I wished with all my heart
that the ox-cart forecast would
prove to be right and the H
bomb impossible to make. . . .
The point is that weapons have
undergone great changes which
could not have been demon
strated without testing. With
out testing they could not have
been put into manufacture and
into our arsenals. There is no
end in sight to invention, and
we have no monopoly in in
genuity.”
Almost every other witness
who has testified before the
committee—including Dr. Ed
ward Teller, the treaty’s most
outspoken foe—has said devel
opment of a 100-megaton bomb
is not necessary. They have,
said such a bomb has very
limited military application,
and in many ways is less effi
cient than bombs in the 20-40
megaton category, which the
United States already possesses.
The administration has said
that a decision not to develop
a 100 - megaton bomb was
taken In 1954 and adhered to
in subsequent years. The only
other witness who favored the
big bomb was Gen. Curtis E.
LeMay, Air Force Chief of
Staff.
While Dr. Libby was on the
stand, Chairman Fulbright of
the Foreign Relations Commit
tee expressed concern over the
conflicting scientific views on
the treaty given. to his com
mittee.
The Arkansas Democrat told
Dr. Libby the lack of unani
mity by several noted scien
tists was making the commit
tee’s evaluation of the treaty
“very difficult.”
He noted that on many im
portant points “we’ve had con
tradictory testimony.” Over
all, Senator Fulbright said the
advocates of treaty ratification
had a “numerical preponder
ance,” but he said it was hard
to evaluate the testimony of
one noted scientist against
that of another.
The chairman referred spe
cifically to the sharp differ
ences between Dr. Teller, famed
nuclear phyicist, who is
against ratification, and Har
old Brown, the Pentagon’s top
scientific expert, who yester
day strongly supported rati
fication.
Joins Teller as Foe
The director of one of the
Nation’s leading nuclear lab
oratories yesterday joined with
Dr. Teller in opposing Senate
ratification.
For almost the same reasons
as Dr. Teller, Dr. John S. Fos
ter, jr„ head of the famed
Lawrence Radiation Laboratory,
Livermore, Calif., told the com
mittee that ' from “purely
technical - military considera
tions, the proposed treaty ap
pears to me disadvantageous.”
On the other hand. Dr. Norris
E. Bradbury, director of the
Los Alamos Scientific Labora
| tory, testified that, speaking
for himself and “the majority
of my staff,” the treaty can be
‘ratified with only “mild risks
Ito our national defense pos
ture.”
Whereas Dr. Teller called the
treaty “a first step toward war”
because it reduced America's
defenses, Dr. Bradbury said it
might be “the first real,even if
small, step in the direction of
prevention of a nuclear war.”
tin violations of Civil Service
Commission merit laws.
There have been complaints
from Southern Congressmen
and others that Negroes are be
| ing promoted over white em
ployes who hold superior Job
qualifications.
One of the cases involves
' charges that the promotion of
! three Negroes in the Dallas post
office over 53 white employes
I was not based on merit, but on
i j the fact that the three are Ne
groes.
Administration officials have
I issued general denials that civil
service merit regulations are
being ignored and that white
; workers are being discriminated
' ; against.
The Dallas Post Office case
is now being tested in court.
In the announcement yester
day. subcommittee Chairman
| Henderson said:
II "Our Job, as we see it. is to
. preserve the Civil Service merit
s system in the Federal Govern
-1 ment, but the preservation of
Illii
T
■a
11 i 1 t
ML, MM
Mrs. Louis Bova (center), wife of one of the three miners trapped in a
coal mine near Hazleton, Pa., since August 13, visited the rescue site
yesterday accompanied by a relative and her pastor.—AP Wirephoto.
Prayer Rule
Is Accepted
In 2 States
BOSTON. Aug. 22 (AP).—
Massachusetts and Maine offi
cials ruled almost simultane
ously yesterday that the United
States Supreme Court decision
of last June bans prayers or
other religious exercises In
public schools if they are re
quired or under school auspices.
Massachusetts Attorney Gen
eral Edward W. Brooke Issued
an opinion in answer to ques
tions posed by the State De
partment of Education.
Maine’s Education Commis
sioner Warren G. Hill said the
Maine school districts are being
informed the Supreme Court
decision makes unconstitutional
and null and void that State’s
law requiring religious exercises
in public schools.
Both Mr. Brooke and Maine
Attorney General Frank E.
Hancock ruled invocations at
graduation exercises permis
sible.
Mr. Brooke also ruled schools
can legally conduct programs
observing such holidays as
Memorial Day, Thanksgiving
and even Christmas and Easter.
Mr. Hancock advised the high
tribunal decision would not bar
study and recitation of docu
ments and books containing
references to God.
Kennedy Sends
Ball to Pakistan
President Kennedy is sending
Undersecretary of State Ball
on a special mission to Paki
stan, the White House an
nounced today.
Pakistan’s dispute with India
over Kashmir has led to some
strain on Pakistan's relations
with the West as the United
States and Britain offered as
sistance to India in building up
military strength against
threats from the Chinese Com
munists.
the merit system does not
mean preferential treatment
because of race, creed, national
origin or sex.”
Mr. Henderson said that ne
has been impressed by recent
statements by John Macy, Civil
Service Commission chairman.
In which Mr. Macy "has re
affirmed the fact that the
commission has not and will
not waive its standards, rules
or regulations to permit dis
crimination in reverse or pref
erental treatment."
The subcommittee now is
gathering information from
members of Congress, Govern
ment officials and the general
public on job complaints.
The subcommittee also has
asked the heads of Govern
ment agencies to furnish policy
statements and other data
relating to equal Job opportuni
ties and promotions that have
been issued since the Presi
dent's executive order <>n non
discrimination last March.
New Drilling Operation
Misses Trapped Miners
HAZLETON, Pa., Aug. 22
(AP).—Drilling of a new escape
hole for the three trapped coal
miners failed today—apparently
by only a few feet and at a
time when success seemed mo
ments away.
A third try at drilling a 12-
inch escape hole was ordered.
But if David Fellin, 58, one
of the trapped men, had his
way the rescue workers would
gamble everything on an at
tempt to enlarge the present
six-inch lifeline hole so that
he and Henry Throne, 28, could
come out that way.
“Why not ream the food
hole?” Mr. Fellin asked over
the microphone connection
through it to the surface.
Argues to Procedure
"Do you think that’s the right
thing to do?” countered Gor
don Smith, deputy state secre
tary of mining. “We’ll think
about it, but I believe it would
be easier to move the rig and
be faster to drill another 12-
inch hole. It seems safer, too,
since there would be no loss of
communications and food sup
plies.”
“All right,” Mr. Fellin said.
The first attempt at an
escape hole failed Tuesday
night, after about 22 hours of
drilling, when Mr. Throne and
Mr. Fellin reported the ceiling
over them was cracking and
that they feared another cave
in.
The second try took 25 hours,
not counting six hours lost
yesterday when a drive shaft
broke on the drilling rig.
White Dust Brought Up
Rescue workers stared in dis
belief when the 65-ton c’rllling
rig, as high as a 10-story build
ing, began bringing up white
dust on its rotating bit this
morning.
To the experts, this meant
they had gone past the coal
pocket where Mr. Throne and
Mr. Fellin have been trapped
for nine days more than 300
feet underground. A third
miner, Louis Bova, 42, is re
ported behind a mass of debris
about 25 feet from them.
The white dust meant the
same thing to Mr. Fellin and
Mr. Throne, too, of course,
when the word was relayed to
them by the microphone in the
existing 6-inch lifeline hole.
But, not by a single inflec
tion of the voice was this con
veyed to those on the surface.
Mr. Fellin immediately began
making suggestions on possible
things to do.
Wife Not Far
On a small hill about 100
feet away and overlooking the
operation, Mrs. Anna Fellin,
David’s wife, also knew what
the white dust meant. She
threw her hands to her mouth,
appeared to groan inwardly
and turned her back to the
operation.
Until the white dust appeared
the drill had been bringing up
blast dust from anthracite
coal. This, and the depth of
t FOR HEAT j
FIRST FOR SAFETY 1
FIRST FOR ECONOMY k
FIRST FOR CLEANLINESS
( FIRST :
e FOR FUEL ;
C (jimTH-(oNSUMERS {
J ME 8-4840
the drill's penetration had con
vinced rescue officials they
were within a few feet of Mr.
Throne and Mr. Fellin.
“We’ve got a little problem,”
Mr. Smith informed Mr. Throne
and Mr. Fellin. “It looks like
we’ve gone to the botton rock.
It looks to me like we hit bottom
rock. White stuff is coming up
the 12-inch hole.”
“White stuff coming up, eh?”
commented Mr. Fellin.
Traced Tapping Bit
Mr. Smith suggested the men
try and locate the drill bit by
using a compass—on the theory
the metal in the drill might
attract the needle.
However, the men reported no
immediate success on this ma
neuver.
Earlier, the rescue crews tried
tapping on the drill bit, hoping
the sound would carry to Mr.
Fellin and Mr. Throne.
If Mr. Throne and Mr. Fellin
are able to locate the drill, two
courses of action are open:
(1) They might be able to dig
their way to it with tools
lowered yesterday through the
six-inch lifeline hole, or (2)
it might be possible to ream
the opening sufficiently wide
to reach them.
Falling this, a new escape
hole appeared to be the only
course left.
At the time the second es
cape hole missed it seemed the
rescue operation was only a
fraction away from success.
The huge drilling rig reached
305 feet down at dawn and
was moving at a 20-feet-an
hour pace. It was slowed some
what then for fear a faster
pace might bring down a rush
of coal.
Mr. Fellin, co-owner of the
mine, is advising on the res
cue operations. He is familiar
with nearly every twist and
turn of the mine.
As they have been through
out. Mr. Throne and Mr. Fellin
were nonchalant, joking and
reminiscing as the bit bore
down.
At one point Mr. Fellin said:
“You needn’t hurry, we’ve
been here a few days and can
wait a little longer.”
Meanwhile, there was no fur
ther word concerning the third
trapped miner, Mr. Bova, who
is separated from Mr. Fellin
and Mr. Throne by a wall of
debris. He is believed about
25 feet away. Mr. Fellin and
Mr. Throne dug 11 feet into
the wall yesterday with equip
ment lowered to them through
the six-inch lifeline hole in
efforts to reach Mr. Bova who
reportedly is injured and weak
from lack of food.
Mr. Fellin, a part owner of
the mine, and Mr. Throne re
ported they were forced to halt
operations by near freezing
temperatures.
Rescuers first made contact
with the trapped miners Sun
day night, five days after the
cave-in and at a time when
the men were feared dead by
some.
BUDGET
District Departments
Seek 18 Pct. Boost
Continued From Page A-l
spending proposed by the de
partments, according to D. P.
Herman, District budget officer.
Other sources of revenue would,
of course, be available for
meeting increased expenditures,
be added.
The basic decisions on what
spending proposals are sent to
Congress and how they are to
be financed are made by the
District Commissioners, he em
phasized.
The annual totalling up of
agency requests comes this year
at a time when funds for the
current fiscal year, already
nearly two months old, still
have not been appropriated by
Congress. The agency heads
were in the same position last
year of having to look ahead a
year without knowing precisely
what they had to begin with.
In order to give some basic
comparison, the Budget Office
lines up the 1965 agency re
quests next to a 1964 estimate.
This estimate consists of what
the House of Representatives
already has passed for fiscal
1964 (the so-called “bare bones”
budget of about $284 million,
plus new spending proposals of
about S4O million soon to be de
livered to Congress). The “bare
bones” budget still is being con
sidered by the Senate.
Breakdowns of the S6O mil
lion increase over the 1964
estimate show:
About $7.8 million in “re
quired” Increases for such
items as pay raises already au
thorized.
'About $1.4 million for staff
ing of new facilities or pro
grams already authorized.
About $13.5 million to handle
Increased workload, improved
services and new services.
About S3B million for new
buildings, highways, sewers
and other capital projects.
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Baltimore. Weehlngfen Fork way Serving the Betheede-Rockville Are.
If all the agency proposals
are approved about 1,800 new
employes would be added to
the District’s payroll over those
authorized if Congress passes
the city’s 1964 budget as pro
posed. This would bring the
authorized force from 27,367 to
29,115.
The public will have a chance
to comment on the 1965 pro
posals at a hearing tentatively
scheduled for October 7.
Here are some of the main
Increases being sought by de
partments:
General Administration
$435,000 for the District’s share
of a program to retrain the
unemployed (which through
1964 is fully financed by the
Federal Government).
Police—s723,ooo for higher
retirement benefits already
authorized; $238,300 for within
grade salary increases for men
now on the force, and $284,500
for the cost for a full year’s
pay for 100 men the depart
ment hopes will be authorized
for a portion of fiscal 1964.
Fire 5232,900 for within
grade salary increases.
Corrections— s4l3,loo for new
corrections officers to main
tain discipline, and to care for
inmates “in a more adequate
manner"; $485,700 for 62
psychologists, caseworkers and
other personnel for "diagnosis,
treatment and training” of in
mates. and $1 million for va
rious improvements and addi
tions to facilities including
SIO,OOO for a “new adult prison”
to house 700 inmates.
Education— s662,9oo for new
teachers to meet increased
school populations and to bring
the pupil-teacher ratio down to
Board of Education standards,
and $34 million for new school
buildings, and replacements for
and additions to existing
buildings.
Health— s7s4,ooo to pick up
the full year’s cost of pay in
creases going into effect Janu
ary 1, and $9.1 million for a
Northwest Community Health
Center at Missouri and Georgia
avenues N.W.
Welfare— Of a total $5.3 mil
lion increase in operating ex
penses. a large portion would
go to increase the staff from
2,729 estimated for 1964 to
3,192, a boost of 463. Os these,
306 would be for increased
workload, 110 for improved
services and 81 for new pro
grams. In capital outlays, the
largest single item is $1 million
for a school at Junior Village.
Highways Aa total con
struction outlay of around $56
million, of which about 79 per
cent is Federal matching aid.
The local portion calls for
$12.2 million for 18 major
projects, including the East
Leg and Center Leg freeways,
and the North Central freeway
along the Baltimore St Ohio to
Silver Spring. Funds are in
cluded for the first time for a
Ninth street expressway, which
is planned to be another tun
nel beneath the Mall. Funds
also are included for the
Thre Sisters Island Bridge,
pending a final decision based
on the highway re-examina
tion ordered by President
Kennedy.
The Mootr Vehicle Parking
Agency is asking $478,000 for
four new parking lots.
Sanitary Engineering sl.s
million to expand the sewage
treatment plant due to popu
lation growth in the Metropol
itan Area.
Buildings and Grounds
$732,000 to convert from man
ual to automatic elevators in
various District government
buildings.
Miscellaneous 5321,700 for
the presidential inaugural;
$576,000 for constructing and
equipping a West End Branch
Library at Twenty-fourth and
L streets N.W.; $650,000 for
planning a new Central Lib
rary; $595,000 for planning,
constructing and equipping
the Randall Recreation Center,
First and I streets S.W., and
$5.4 million for repayment of
loans and interest.