Evening star. [volume], August 23, 1963, Page A-10, Image 10

About Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972

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A-10
THE EVENING STAR
Washington, D. C., Friday, August 23, 1963
VIET NAM
Troops Take Control in Saigon;
Lodge Sees Monks Before Diem
Continued From Pare A-l
dhist monk and asked the Pres
ident for permission to go to
India on a Buddhist pilgrimage.
He was the third high Viet
Namese diplomat to resign in
the Buddhist crisis. Tran Van
Choung resigned as Ambassador
to the United Nations. The
official Viet Nam Press Agency
said Mr. Diem dismissed the
two because the Ambassador
“seriously failed in his duty to
respect the chief of state and
in his mission of serving and
defending the government’s
policy abroad."
The Chuongs are the parents
of Mrs. Ngo Dinh Nhu, the
President’s politically powerful
sister-in-law, who has urged
severe government measures
against the Buddhists. Mr.
Chuong had disavowed his
daughter's stand earlier, and in
resigning yesterday termed the
Diem regime a bad one.
An Air Force officer seemed
to be taking increasing charge
at the ministry.
Top U. S. diplomatic officials
said they believed the armed
forces have been bringing in
creasing pressure on Mr. Diem,
and actually initiated the raids
against Buddhist pagodas in
predawn hours Wednesday.
But other American officials
held to the theory that the
President and his adviser
brother, Ngo Dinh Nhu, actually
were masterminding the whole
thing, in effect heading a mili
tary Junta.
Both are Roman Catholics.
Mr. Nhu has said on several
occasions he believes the gov
ernment (meaning his brother)
has taken too soft and moder
ate a line in dealing with the
Buddhist campaign, avowedly
aimed toward religious free
dom and social Justice.
Troops at Intersections
U. S. intelligence men feel
that if Mr. Nhu actually were
to assume formal control, the
top military generals almost
certainly would revolt. Military
officers generally speak highly
of Mr. Diem, but the more out
spoken have been critical of
Mr. Nhu.
Troops remained posted at
key intersections.
Armored cars and tracked
vehicles flanked the highway
as Mr. Lodge, speeding up an
arrival originally scheduled for
Ambassador Who Quit
To Stay Out of Viet Nam
By EARL H. VOSS
Star Start Writer
South Viet Nam’s former Ambassador here, Tran Van
Chuong, will not return to his country until there is a change
in regime there.
He resigned yesterday in protest against his government’s
raids on Buddhist pagodas, the last straw after a series of
moves of which he disapproved.
“I cannot go on representing a government which ignores
my advice and of which I dis- -
approve," Mr. Chuong declared, t
“I strongly hope to go back d
to my country,” he told The s
Star today, "but only when s
there is a change in regime, f
It is not possible to go before, t
For me the most precious thing s
is freedom.” 1
Doesn’t Fear Harm 71
A respected intellectual in' c
his home country, the former j,
Ambassador says he has no fear i
that harm would come to him
if he were to return to his
home in Dalat. north of Saigon.
“Nobody will harm me,” he t
said. “I shall not be arrested, j
I would simply be isolated 0
from the free world.
“If I wanted to write you a t
letter I would not be sure you r
would receive it. And if you t
were to write me, I am not sure «
the letter would reach me." i
Mr. Chuong aspires to no role t
in changing the regime of
President Ngo Dinh Diem or r
in forming a new government, .
he says. £
He points out he has never t
been a politician and "shall 5
never be one.” a
Here Nine Years 1
1
In the nine years he has been c
Ambassador here and during
his service as a Minister of c
State before that. Mr. Chuong ;
never belonged to the political c
party of President Diem.
“I have always been a lone -
man. a professional," he said
The former Ambassador says
he has not been in touch with
any of the dissident Viet Nam
exile groups, or those inside
South Viet Nam working to 1
bring down the Diem govern- f
ment. t
He will not seek any of them .
cut now. he told The Star. J
"If some one comes to me. ]
as always I will be open to men
of good faith and courage,” j
he added.
His principal effort now. he
Indicated, will be to convince
the American people, and par
ticularly their Government, r
that South Viet Nam has suit- i
able alternatives to President j
Diem, so that withdrawal of c
United States support would c
not result in chaos.
It is “absurd," he charged, 1
and “an insult to a free coun- 1
try to say that outside of one i
man no other man can be
come its leader.” 1
South Viet Nam has a “vast 1
reservoir of able, dedicated and <
experienced men" who could
take over the government, in 1
Mr Chuong’s opinion. 1
Many South Viet Namese 1
exiles have complained that the t
Diem regime has jailed most of I
his opposition and forced the
rest underground. 1
The former Ambassador t
v ' IS- ♦ H
«■ , t., ML dH IP* ' u?
Junk jhl
y MW B
United States Embassy officials brief Henry Cabot Lodge, new Am
bassador to South Viet Nam, at the airport in Saigon on developments
which occurred while he was en route from the United States.—AP
Wirephoto.
Monday, drove into the city
from the airport last night.
Communications channels re
mained subject to military cen
sorship.
An American official said he
believed the crackdown, which
started with a series of bloody
raids on temple pagodas early
Wednesday, was instigated by
Viet Namese generals.
“I don’t believe the generals
actually are in control.” he
said. “The country definitely
is still ruled by President Diem.
“But there is a growing
weight of evidence that it was
on the generals’ insistence the
present crackdown and martial
law were initiated. On Sun
day, when a mob of demonstra
tors in Da Nang beat up an
army officer, took his weapon
and burned his jeep, a lot of
officers felt the army had lost
face. I think that’s one of the
reasons for marital law now.”
There was no indication how
hinted he may expect a show
down with the Diem leadership
shortly. He attached special
significance to the decision of
Foreign Minister Vu Van Mau
to resign and especially to his
symbolic act of shaving his
head in the style of a Buddhist
monk.
Mr. Chuong also expressed
concern over reports that Pres
ident Diem had not been seen
in the last two or three days.
Reports of Shift
There have been reports that'
the President’s brother, Ngo
Dinh Nhu, has become the
operating leader of the regime.
Ambassador Chuong’s daugh-,
ter, Madame Ngo Dinh Nhu, isl
married to the President's;
brother and has been an
enthusiastic supporter of the
Diem regime’s repressive meas
ures against the Buddhists.
Senate Democratic Leader
Mansfield of Montana ex
pressed regret today at Mr.
Chuong’s resignation. He said
the Ambassador had “served
Viet Nam and tne cause ot
sincere and understanding rela
tions with the United States
with faithfulness, diligence and
distinction.”
Senator Mansfield also ex
pressed regret at the resignation
of Mrs. Chuong as Viet Nam’s
observer at the United Nations.
NUN
Continued From Page A-l
in routing armed sects and
gangsters who felt they ought
to control South Viet Nam.
These were the Cao Dai, Hoa
Hao and Binh Xuyen who ran
both organized vice and the po
lice of Saigon.
The sects and Binh Xuyen
had armies and it was a simple
test of guns against guns.
Disaster for Family
Today Mme. Nhu’s fatal er
ror is to believe that the Budd
hists, who have no guns, are
just another sect and can be
crushed as the sects were
crushed.
She falls to comprehend the
passionate appeal of non-vio
lence based on widespread feel
ings of religious discrimination.
Mme. Nhu’s misunder
standing is a disaster for her
family and, probably, for her
country.
(Mme. Nhu’s father, Tran
Van Chuong, who broke with
his daughter over her anti-
Buddhist crusade, resigned yes
terday as South Viet Vam's am
bassador to Washington.)
What began in the old Im
perial capital of Hue in Cen
tral Viet Nam as a minor, if
long martial law would con
i tinue. A curfew continued at
night throughout the country.
Military censorship also con
i tinued.
A traveller arriving from
Dalat, 140 miles northeast of
Saigon, reported he had seen
troops fire on demonstrators.
There was no indication of the
number of casualties.
Student strikes were reported
in various parts of the country,
including Saigon.
All pagodas remained sealed
off by troops and police.
Most of the monks arrested
in the Saigon pagodas were
being held in a military com-1
pound on the waterfront, it
was learned. Estimates of their
number run to 1,000 or more.
One report which could not
be confirmed said the aged
Buddhist nun Dieu Hue, mother
of Viet Nam's leading Buu Hoi,
died of a heart attack at Xa
Loi Pagoda after troops broke
2d Viet Nam Aide
Quits Post Here,
Assailing Diem
Dr. Ngo Ton Dat, First Sec
retary of the South Viet
Namese Embassy, followed Am
bassador Tran Van Chuong’s
lead and submitted his resigna
tion today.
Like the Ambassador yester
' day, Dr. Dat accompanied his
j resignation with a blast at the
Ngo Dinh Diem regime, which
he characterized as “the most
unpopular and oppressive gov- 1
ernment Viet Nam has ever
had.” The regime has lost the
support of “the great majority,
if not all of the South Viet
Namese population,” he add?d.
Dr. Dat, who holds a master’s
and doctor’s degree from Cor
nell, has been with the Em
bassy here since April. Before
that he served as political and
press officer at the South Viet’
Nam Embassy in Australia, and
as press chief in the Foreign
| Ministry in Saigon.
badly handled, religious incid
ent on May 8 has became in
three months an avalanche of
popular feeling against the
Diem regime.
President Diem himself, who
still commands personal re
spect, may survive, but the
rule of the Ngo Dinhs is com
ing to an end.
I spent a recent Sunday
morning in Saigon’s seven
tiered Xa Loi Pagoda, where
several thousand had come to
pray for the soul of the most
recent Buddhist suicide.
Many girls wept and even the
police, sent to circulate among
the crowd with the idea of
breaking it up, if it turned hos
tile, knelt to pray.
Then, when the religious
ceremony ended, the gathering
became political. Banners were
hoisted and by skillful propa
ganda a Buddhist monk worked
on the already highly aroused
emotions of the people. At a
word and unarmed, they would
have marched on the barri
cades to their deaths.
This feeling is growing all
over the country. The war
against the Communists, seri
ous though it is, has almost
been forgotten as the Buddhist
crusade grows in strength.
This crusade begins where a
Billy Graham leaves off, and
nothing now, I am sure, can
stop it.
Sophisticated Viet Namese
shudder at the thought that
Dieu Hue, widow of a minister
at the Court of Annam and the
mother of the country's leading
scientist, should rationally and
soberly plan to burn herself to
death in the cause. But, unlike
Mme. Nhu, they don't sneer;
they only pray.
This is true of the top civil
servants, of generals in the
army and even of students who
have spent years abroad and
who had forgotten they were
Buddhists.
No one is in any doubt that
the Buddhists’ demands esca
late every time the administra
tion goes half way towards
meeting them. But the feeling
is not against the Buddhists
It is against the regime.
into the temple early Wednes
day.
Dieu Hue had volunteered
with some monks to burn them
selves alive in protest against
the government.
There Mill was no reliable
indication of casualties from
the pagoda raids.
A few hours before Mr.
Lodge's arrival, Viet Namese
authorities opened telephone
lines connecting the United
States Embassy with the rest
|of Saigon. The lines had been
icut since the pagoda raids.
Mrs. Nhu’s husband, Mr.
Diem’s younger brother and
chief adviser, claimed in a
I broadcast statement that the
Buddhist disturbances which
preceded the government crack
down Wednesday were aimed
at overthrowing the govern
ment.
Mr. Nhu, who has charge of
the South Viet Nam’s security
police, accused nuns and monks
of “plots and drives to sabotage
the security of the nation.”
“Arms and munitions were
brought into the pagodas on
the one hand to suppress the
genuinely religious and on the
other to plot a coup d'etat,” he
said.
Mr. Nhu said the government
remained patient for months
trying to prove its “concilia
tory good will.”
This policy, he added, “has
been branded feeble by many
and misintrepreted by others
as impotency for not having
found an adequate solution for
the Buddhist issue.”
HAUNT
Continued From Page A-l
“Their differences today are
a shaky foundation for our
confidence.”
But Harold E. Stassen, Pres
ident Eisenhower’s disarma
ment chief, who has been as
faithful in attendance at the
hearings as Chairman Ful
bright, suggested that Mr.
Khrushchev could be trusted
in this instance. He reminded
the Senators that the Russians
had kept to the Austrian
treaty.
After Mr. Stassen came Nor
man Cousins, editor of the
Saturday Review of Literature,
the first literary voice to be
heard in the hearings.
He testified without notes,
in an intense rush of words,
and he talked only of Mr.
Khrushchev and his motives.
Mr. Cousins had visited the
chairman twice, and it was a
sketch of an aspiring bourgeois
that he left with the Senators.
Mr. Khrushchev, he said—
and his testimony was entirely
to the major point of the chair
man’s motives—is a man who
is interested in building hous
ing developments, rather than
having them blown sky high.
A man with a hoe who wants
to improve his agriculture.
His intention, said Mr. Cou
sins, is to have not “congenial
coexistence, but peaceful co
existence.”
President Kennedy's June 10
speech at American Univer
sity, in which, said Mr. Cousins,
he opened doors Mr. Khru
shchev had thought were shut,
caused "an agonizing reap
praisal within the Kremlin
about the attitude of the
United States.”
At the same time, Mr. Cous
ins, went on, Mr. Khrushchev
got a letter from the Chinese
Communists instructing him
about world communism.
"Khrushchev weighed the
two documents.” said Mr. Cous
ins. Pravda and Izvestia pub
lished the Kennedy speech, not
the Chinese letter, proving that
the volatile chairman had tied
his political future to the
United States.
Chairman Fulbright suggested
helpfully that Mr. Khrushchev
in Yugoslavia had said he could
learn from America.
Mr. Cousins said he hoped
the Russians wouldn't get the
idea from some of the testi
mony in the Caucus Room that
they were being taken in by
signing the treaty.
On the whole, the Senators
seemed to welcome Mr. Cous
ins’ view of Mr. Khrushchev as
a changed man. They are hav
ing to change basic attitudes
to vote for the treaty, and they
were glad of the company Mr.
Cousins insisted they now have.
Viet War
Effort Seen
Unslackened
The State Department said
today there were no reports
that the military effort against
the Communist forces in South
Viet Nam would be slackened
by the crisis in Saigon.
Department spokesman Rich
ard I. Phillips said the United
States has taken note of state
ments by Viet Namese military
leaders “to the effect that the
war against the Viet Cong will
be vigorously pursued and we
have no reports from cur own
sources any diminution of this
effort in the field.”
He added that there has been
no change in the American
policy of assisting South Viet
Nam against the Communist
guerrillas.
On the political side, Mr.
Phillips could not shed any
light on the Question of who is
in charge in Saigon—President
Ngo Dinh Diem or Ngo Dinh
Nhu.
"We are continuing the
process of assessing the situa
tion on the basis of embassy
reports,” Mr. Phillips said. "It
is too early obviously to reach
any final conclusions.”
Robert Kennedy
Heads UGF Unit
President Kennedy today ap
pointed his brother, Attorney
General Robert F. Kennedy, as
chairman of the Government
division for the Eighth Annual
United Givers Fund campaign
in the Washington area.
In a memorandum to the
heads of all Federal agencies,
the President urged all Gov
ernment employes to support
whole-heartedly the drlpe this
fall to raise funds for many
health and welfare services in
a single community effort.
"I urge all to Join the Attor
ney General in making this
great humanitarian appeal in
Washington and nearby Mary
land and Virginia an outstand
ing success,” he said.
Settlement Made
In Ford Strike
CHICAGO, Aug. 23 (AP).—
Settlement of a strike in the
Chicago Heights, 111., Ford
Motor Co. plant which idled
more than 30,000 workers in
five States was announced
jointly today by the company
and the United Auto Workers
Union.
The strike of 3,750 UAW
members at the Chicago Heights
stamping plant which began
August 15 was resolved by set
tlement of all 74 grievances
which were the cause of the
walkout, the officals said.
Because stampings from the
Chicago Heights plant are used
in other plants of the Ford
system, layoffs and production
curtailment affected 21 other
Ford plants.
RAILS
Senate Unit Rejects
Arbitration by ICC
Continued From Page A-l
board starts working, the un
ions and the railroads could
reach a voluntary agreement,
under terms of the bill. Such
a settlement would supercede
arbitration.
On a key point at issue be
tween the unions and rail
roads, the committee bill
favors the union position. It
provides, as the unions had
insisted, that the arbitration
award on the issues of firemen
and crew size not take effect
before final resolution of the
subsidiary issues, either
through negotiations or arbi
tration.
Under terms of the bill, the
unions and the railroads each
would appoint two members
of the arbitration board. These
four members would have 10
days to select three neutrals.
If they failed to do so. Presi
dent Kennedy would appoint
them.
Hearings in 30 days
The arbitration board would
be instructed to consider ten
tative or partial agreements,
narrowing the issues, reached
during negotiations in the four
year dispute over work rules.
The arbitration board would
start hearings within 30 days
after enactment of the legis
lation, and would be required
to make its rulings on the two
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AID
Foes, Backers Differ
On Amount of Cut
Continued From Page A-l
they would seek a cut of about
$575 million.
Fund Struggle Ahead
The practical effect of this
$1 billion slash would be mainly
to encourage the House Ap
propriations Committee to
make still further cuts In vot
ing the funds for the foreign
aid program. The present bill
set a ceiling for actual appro
priations in a later measure.
Adoption of the $1 billion dol
lar cut resulted in a $3,062,-
075,000 total authorization.
The Appropriations Commit
tee, in any event, was certain
to recommend far less than the
$4.1 billion in the Foreign Re
lations Committee’s authoriza
tion bill which in itself was
$438 million below President
Kennedy’s revised request and
almost SBOO million below his
original recommendation last
January.
An appropriations subcom
mittee headed by Representa
tive Passman, Demoocrat of
Louisiana, reportedly has
slashed the amount to about
$2.9 billion.
Administration forces yester
day rallied from initial losses
on two important test votes last
Wednesday. They defeated all
moves to cut money items or
end presidential discretion in
handling foreign assistance
outlays.
Made Major Gains
Opponents made several
major gains. The most im
portant was the broader and
stricter ban on aid to countries
that send goods to Cuba either
by ship or aircraft.
By a tie vote of 162 to 162,
however, the House rejected
an attempt by Representative
Cramer, Republican of Florida,
to prevent the President from
waiving the ban when he be
lieved it would not be in the
best interest of the United
States.
The Cramer amendment
would have won by a single
vote if Representative Rains,
Democrat of Alabama, presid
ing during the debate, had not
voted against it and caused a
tie.
Republicans, nevertheless,
claimed a substantial victory
because the amendment eventu
ally adopted under the spon
sorship of Democratic Repres
entatives Fascell and Rogers of
Florida resembled earlier
G. O. P. proposals.
Another major amendment
adopted by the House under
Republican prodding would
ban, at least for one year, any
United States foreign assistance
funds for construction of a
steel mill at Bokaro, India.
Bokaro Not Named
This amendment by Repres
entative Broomfield, Republi
can of Michigan, did not men
tion the Bokaro project by
key issues within 60 days after
the start of hearings.
Meanwhile, the parties would
be required to resume negotia
tions on the subsidiary issues.
If they fail to settle these
other issues within 30 days
after the arbitration rulings on
firemen and crew sizes, the
subsidiary issues also would go
to the arbitration board for
final and binding decisions.
There would be a 60-day time
limit for the arbitration board’s
rulings on these subsidiary
issues.
At the outside, the committee
figured, all issues will be re
solved by March 1, 1964.
Amendments Possible
Some members of the com
mittee objected to the provision
for arbitration of the subsidiary
issues. They favored continuing
negotiations on these points.
But all members of the com
mittee who voted approved the
final bill. Some of them may
propose amendments from the
Senate floor.
The arbitration board would
decide how long its ruling
would remain in effect, up to
a maximum of two years. The
board’s rulings could be super
seded at any time by mutual
agreement of the unions and
the railroads.
Labor and management also
could agree to extend the life
of the arbitration board's rai
lings.
name. It went further by pro
hibiting aid to any foreign
country for “productive enter
prises” involving more than
SIOO million in United States
assistance without specific ap
proval by Congress.
Other Republican members
tried unsuccessfully to extend
the ban for more than one
year, limit the amount to SSO
million and explicitly name the
Bokaro project. The Broom
field amendment carried by
voice vote with many Demo
crats favoring it.
Another successful Republi
can amendment was that of
Representative Adair of In
diana requiring that at least
50 per cent of funds for the
Alliance for Progress projects
be channeled through private
enterprise.
This requirement, adopted
162-to-159, was similar to one
approved last Wednesday, deal
ing with the Development Loan
Fund. Mr. Adair also obtained
House passage of an amend
ment Wednesday setting a
minimum interest rate of 2 per
cent on loans under the DFL
program. The bill’s sponsors
predicted the Senate would
knock out these three amend
ments.
Expropriation Close
The House voted 153-to-150
against aiding any country
after December 31, 1964, if it
did not agree to investment
guarantees against possible ex
propriation of American goods
and assets.
The House also changed a
provision for reorganization of
the State Department’s Bureau
of Consular Affairs and Migra
tion. It adopted an amend
ment requiring that the ad
ministrator of the bureau be
appointed by the President
subject to Senate confirmation.
But it voted against making
him an Assistant Secretary of
State, because the department
already has 11 Assistant
Secretaries.
Amendment attempts re
jected by the House, several by
close votes, would have:
Cut the $1.5 billion Develop
ment Loan Fund authorization
to $1.2 billion; knocked out the
entire $217 million program for
economic development techni
cal assistance, reduced Alliance
for Progress outlays from S6OO
million to $450 million, trim
med sl6 million off the $136
million in United States con
tributions to international or
ganizations, limit such contri
butions to the 33 per cent share
which the United States cur
rently gives to the United Na
tions, reduced the contingency
25%
to
35% off
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Flags to Fly
For Marchers
In Akron, Ohio
AKRON, Ohio, Aug. 23 (AP).
—To show sympathy with the
civil rights march in Washing
ton next Wednesday, hundreds
of Akron families may fly the
American flag at their homes
on that day.
The flag-flying idea first was
proposed here in a letter to the
Akron Beacon Journal from
seven members of a civil rights
study group at the Cuyahoga
Falls First Congregational
Church. Their letter said that
since they would not be able
to join the demonstration at
the Capital, they would fly flags
to show their opposition to "the
immorality of racism.”
Other pro and con letters
followed, and the Akron chapter
of the National Association for
the Advancement of Colored
People asked its 1,200 members
to fly flags August 28.
Today Mayor Edward O.
Erickson Issued a proclamation
for the NAACP chapter request
ing Akron citizens to display
Old Glory “to show their sup
port of the effort for equal
opportunities.”
r _
Gloria Vanderbilt
Husband Separate
NEW YORK, Aug. 23 (AP).
—The former Gloria Vander
bilt, heiress, and her husband.
Sidney Lumet, theatrical pro
ducer, have entered into a
formal separation agreement,
her attorney said today.
The attorney, Arnold R.
Krakower, said the agreement
was a prelude to a divorce but
he declined to give details. He
described the separation as
amicable.
The marriage was the third
for the heiress once known as
the “poor little rich girl.”
She was married first in
1941, at the age of 17, to Holly
wood agent Pat Dicicco. They
were divorced in 1945. The
same year she married Leopold
Stokowski, the symphony or
chestra conductor. They were
divorced in 1955 after becom
ing the parents of two chil
dren.
She and Mr. Lumet were
married here August 27, 1956,
in a simple ceremony in the
apartment of Playwright Sid
ney Kingsley. Both were 32
years old.
fund from S2OO million to $l5O
million, slashed military as
sistance from $1.2 billion to $1
billion and banned all foreign
aid until the Federal budget
was balanced.
The House set something of
a record yesterday in conduct
ing 14 teller votes—a procedure
by which supporters and op
ponents of individual amend
ments maren up the middle
aisle to be counted.