26 SUA WOW cast on earth by the moon will sweep over the United States on May 28 lri a belt fifty J ■ miles broad, anil, moving at the ™ rate of sixty-eight miles a min ute, will obscure the light of the ■un entirely from New Orleans northeast to Norfolk. The eclipse will be total In this country within the fifty-mile belt. It Is eleven years since the last total eclipse of the sun In this country, and It will be eighteen years before there is an other one. As a partial eclipse the obscuration of the sun will be visible over North and Central America and the northern portion of H<.uth America. It will therefore be visible at Seattle as a jiartial eclipse. Since Seattle is about twenty-five degrt cs north and about fifteen degre«s east ot the nearest point on the track of totality, the local spectacle will possess little of the total grandeur which attaches to It In those regions where the eclipse is total. It will be useless to expect a glimpse of Ihe pearly corona, or even of the scar let chromosphere. A pair of dark gogles, or a piece of smoked glass, will be the only optical aid necesssary for ordinary observation. A telescope would be of bin •light service, except for technical pur poses. Amateurs who attempt 10 ur. one should shield the eyes well. ® ® ® COMPUTATIONS MADE FOR SEATTLE CHB sequnce of events at Seattle, fur nished the Post-lntlllgeneer by Prof. IS. H. HcAllstcr, professor of as tronomy In tliß University of Oregon, will be as folio- i Sun rises, r. 24 mln. Eclipse begins, 5 hr. 0 mln. Maximum obscuration. 5 hr. 50 mln. Kcllpso ends, C hr. 35 mln. All dates a m. Pacific stan lard time. The phenomena of the eclipse, as they will appear to spectators In Seattle and Washington, are thus described by Prof. MeAllster: The dark body of the moon will be gin to impinge on the right side of the suns disc, at a point a little way be low a horizontal line pointing through the center of the disc, and will creep thence iownward and to the left, finally leaving It at a point a little to the left of a vertical line through the center. To be precise, the eclipse will begin HI a point Oil degrees 10 minutes measured from the, highest point of the disc around to the right, and wlil end at a point I® degrees (0 minutes, measured from the same starting point, around to the left. The radius of the colnddal shadow of the moon will be about 2.150 miles during the time of the eclipse at Seattle. At the time of greatest oljscuration. .34 per cent.. or n lover one-third of the sun's dUmttfr will be covrred Of course, much less than a third of the die* will be covorril at any other time. It will be observed that the maximum obscuration do« > not occur tit the middle of the interval between begin ning and end, but aomewhat before the middle. on account of the fact that the relative motion* are not uni form it b perhaps unfortunate that the ecllp occur* when the majority of people are >et asleep. Nevertheless, tliovc who take pains to rise In time will doubtless feel repuhl for their (UhatKJill Cbcy Do (Uitb Paul Krugcr? CHE way of human progress ts marked by the grav<* of great rebels From Martin Luther to Martin Kteyn. from John Hnss to I'aul Krug« r. reikis have frimucnt ly played a higly respectable part in the Improvement of the world. Far h « it from me to hay auaht which ceuKl Weaken '.he «-fTeei f law On the reutrary, I hold that rebellion ngaln»t legal I > constituted society should be pun* Isba >lrt I) death, or In whatever manner seem * at the titna be*t calculated to dts i a re|>etltlon of the offt n*e And it is this daring of grave which makes a rebel respectaMe, even on the gallows. Some la>* ago Mask Twain showed nu with pr;de the name of his tl ancestor who t sj»j;ted the w r arrai;t of Charles 1 it was an act of t» c ;.ion the rebel tfsserv* i ieath, ac »ord'"vr to the law It was t \ery dar ing of ath which mads the : f Clem ent *•>•» d out from the pett> "times of \ulgnr criminals and cowardly d- ma* gegut > M> it en Dr. (}arrawa> \\ io accom l.i; »d t' Jameson raiders fr n» Mate kiujf i Krugi-sdorp on that tv .\i New Year's sj r« i f K-; told me afterward that he wei.t wPh the cold >■ nsclousness that in case f failure he and the rest of his freebooters «\;eete.i that they would U» haugel. • and m.l • a we richly de served hanging," u .• I my cherry Irish* maiu isaugtr, Uowover 4 did uot trouble, especially If they reflect that they are viewing at a disadvantage a spectacle which in a more favored zone is appalling in its significance, a phenomenon which is being scanned by hundreds of the best astronomers and scientists in the world with the THE GREAT ECLIPSE AS VIEWED must searching vision that human In genuity can flcvt«e ami direct, and from which they are anxiously hoping to wring some new seorc', some usetul fact, about that marvelous body which in a physical sense la the au thor and source of our being. ® ® ® OUTLINE Of THE PATH OF TOTALITY CHK path of totality bfefflns In the Pacific ocean. Just west of Mexico. There the point of the shadow first touches our earth. It then misses eastward across Mexico, and. enrt-iirig the I'nltrd States near New Orleans, proceeds In a northeasterly direction until it haves the continent close to Norfolk, Vs. Then It crosses thr» Atlantic, touches Portugal, and afterwards passes across By FOUL TNSY BIGELOW. the?»> men he found them worth a hand some ransom. For the sake of I>t (larra way. however, the ven*rable cattle king has my thank* for humor Is too scaret ,i commodity that we should cut off prema turely the flow of ?. >< h spirits a-* abble In the likes of my friend aforemen'i -ned I'ut aside from sentiment, tt is reasonable t- think that the hanging »»r severe pun- Ishnit nt of a few of Jhe Jameson ring l»ad« might have don« in- h to avert thfi Mtterntss which has lx»en th« prime ta :s« f this Boer war i ia j we liear many < ducated nngllsh mi m talk of hansing Steyn and Kruger, an! it tak«» me attack when, a* children, we sang the dear old marching song. "John Brown's body lies a-moulderir g tn the grave But I > ul goes marching on." The \er-i rhat called forth the most en thusiasm was always Mang Jeff Pa vis on a .** ur apple tree we ko marching along " Now. we did not hang Jeff Davis. On the c. ntrar> he returt.. d to his pe , ie. alter having conducted the most extended and most bitterly waged rebellion . n record. His admirers presented him with an estate on the short s of the Gulf ef Mexico. He received visitors, mads po litical speeches, wrote his memoirs, and for mauy > tars continued to g«.a» h:a loving family and the world at large j fine picture of an American gentleman leading a iuo cX literary t4' THE SEATTLE POST-INTELLIGEXOER, SUNDAY, MAY 20, 1900. Northern Africa, leaving the earth finally near the northern end of the Red sea. While the beginning of the eclipse will be seen first at sunrise nn our Pacific coast, its beginning will b" seen Just at sunset in Africa and Asia. In this coun try the cities of New Orleans, La.; Mo- ' The eclipse will begin at point A, 99 degrees 40 minutes mea sured from P, the highest point of the disc, around to the right, and will end at point B, 165 degrees 56 minutes measured from the same starting point to the left. NIP, Ala.; Montgomery, Ala.: Rallegh, N. C., and Norfolk, Va., are all on the totality path. At New Orleans the sun will be completely covered at 7:30 o'clock a. m., while at Norfolk this will not hap pen until 8:53 o'clock a. m. In the former city totality will last seventy-three sec onds, and in the latter 102 seconds. At intermediate places both the time and duration of totality will full between these extreme values. For places nearer to New Orleans thai# to Norfolk the num bers will be nearer those given for New Orleans, and vice versa. ASTRONOMERS WRESTLING WITH GREAT PROBLEMS. BI T why are astronomer* so pager to see thin coming eclipse that they h«v« 1...-I, preparing tor it for months s. jit' of them, indeed. for v ( « ths nerves not aa the blue 'black shadow rushes upon the spectator with Incredible V •J. v w: palpable presence seems overwhelming the world. The blue *k> changes to gray or-lull purple, speed- •> «nlng More . ky. and a deilMllß tramv seises upon everything eartiUl* Birda, with terrified cries, fly bewtl- Y Y 4 aoinent and . silently aeek their nig .t qniftera Bats emerge stealthily. Seoaltlee flowers, the scarlet x ' x * 4 gUwoaa oss thdfcr detti li tals and a sense of hushed expi sdci dsepena with ths X ,i # absolute silence almost invariably. Trivial -hatter and senseless joking 'crtse. gom v .J. •. the bservcr smoothly. n. um. * apparently with y ■ but ail the world mi* w .-;j b. .. \ i ¥ 5 lo **' u * OTXcti the very air seema to hold its breath for sympatic, . a: other times, a lull suddenly awakf Y Y lQto A strange wind blowing with unnatural tffect. Y *•* . Y Joying the admiration of thnse who had been his f. j; -rebels, end gradually reconoi s g his enemies to the spectacle of an an .ung J ft Davis • The v\; - i m ::•»t to sa> magnanimity, «>f the I States k - rnmcnt in not punhii g her reikis aft. : th civil war has t>«»rn- k ■! fruit The Northerner now m*« ts the Southerner with open ban-Is On the Cuban battlefield® of Is* North and South fought Mde by side; and a conspicuous mark of this new feel ing was afforded by tho spectacle of two arch-rebels of tho civil w ir holding im portant military commands in tho war against Spain. U wad good Coctoo tQ meet Uesa system most reveals when he most con ceals the glory of his face. In this bril liant corona we read the sun's story as told by himself. The telescope, spectro scope and camera will seek new things in this corona, working together like three skilled craftsmen. Second, the ob- FROM SEATTLE. servers will more closely study the shad ow bands and sun spots. These shadow bands are yet full of mystery even to sk'lled astronomers, but more is known ef sun -[nits. These are best seen just as the total eclipse Is beginning to creep from the sun's disc. From them has been learned the fact of the sun's rotation en Its axis, end that the time required for one revolution is about twenty-five days and five hours. These spots also ha/o declared that the visible sun surface is not solid or volten. but vaporous. Thirl, some observers, clinging to what may be called a tradition, will seek for what Sir William Ball called the "Planet cf Ro mance," which they ho|ie to find In tho space lying between the sun and Mer cury. Others have sought this planer, naming It Vulcan, before It has be?n found. In the gloom of an eclipse such an orb might show its face If its position as regards the earth were favorable. Most astronomers have concluded there Is no such planet, but this will not prevent an earneat search for it May 28. ® ® ® SCIENTISTS PROM THE NAVAL OBSERVA TORY. the naval observatory the eiiipmt in regarded as an event of the Hist importance. Many westn have been spent in preparing for the phenomenon, Sky charm viikl t'nlted States m&i>« have been carefully studied, with tho result that the ?hlef astronom ers have decided to equip two expeditions —one for Pinehurst, Moore ounty, N. C., and another for Barneavllle, l ike county. Q a. To the North Carolina station I'rof. \ N. Skinner will pilot a corps of twelve astronomers, and a like body » ill tuv>r.n pany Prof. Milton l"pd»-«rafT into Georgia. There are two reasons why the I'nited States star gazers have sell ted these illu tant points for viewing the coining eclipse: First, they deeire to set up their Instru ments in the very center of the path .*f totality; second, a caref il txamina.lon of the weather charts indicated that th. v were much more likely to escape cloudy fix-reb*ls r»n *he occasion of their taking the oath of allegiance on accepting their respective commissions, and to witness at the ham? time the genuine affection they Inspired ummg their troops the sons of men who had been In battle against th» tn "n!> a few years before. Verily, his:<>r> Is rapidly made in <»ur times—when the rebel of one day is not only not hanged when caught, but dressed up in government uniform and scat out to command the troops of the very government he has been seeking to overturn. When I first had th#» honor of being the guest of Jefferson Davis at his home in skles at this season of the year in Geor gia and North Carolina than in Virginia, along the coa9t, from which the phenome non may also be observed in ihe event of. a clear atmosphere. Several tens of special apparatus have already been shipped to the places select ed as headquarters, and Prof. Skinner has gone to Pinehurst to superintend the erec tion cf one of the largest cameras ever constructed. This giant camera, by the was - , does not have the appwirance of a photographic apparatus at all. There is a wooden scaffolding. In form like a pyra mid, and forty feet high. Rising from the ground to the top of this at an angle that will cause the upper end to point directly at the spot In the heavens where the great luminary Is to be eclipsed Is a 'ramework of Iron, carrying In Its Interior a gig.in tlo Iron tube. In the upper end of this tube, which will project nearly fifty iVet Into the air, will be Inserted live-iii<*h lenses, or objective glasses. The lower en. t of the canvas tube will pass into a large light-tight shed, which will be lite box and plate holder of the titanic camera. In this the astronomers will expose ;hc immense plates which are ca receive the image of the sun when shut out of view by the moon. With this enormous pi"turemaklng ma chine the naval observatory experts will secure negatives from which will be printed images of the sun In eclipse l'-j Inches In diameter. But the plates will also show the mysterious corona, or halo of the sun. which will be three times .is large as the Image of the sun itself. ® ® ® THOROUGH STUDY OP THE MYSTERIOUS CORONa. PHOK. SKINNER and his assoel .i -s are deeply -interested In this curious hslo, or atmosphere. There i- noth ing more confusing or complex In connection with the solar system tnan the sun's corona. During every eclipse of the last half century the attention of astron omic has been concentrated upon this halo. It la only within comparatively re cent years that the corona has been dis covered to be an actual part of the sun. It Is surmised that It Is a gawotis vapor, or atmosphere, which, from its peculiar constituents, Is visible as a halo about the mase of the orb. Framework of Giant Camera. Built at Washington Naval Observatory. To bt uwd at Pinehurst, N. C., on M«y 28 in photograhlng the sun in eclipse. The appearance of the corona, how ever, varies in different pln.t«rap'n apology for having, in my hilarious moods, sung with much gusto the verses which relegated him to the gallows Not for a moment did I change my view re garding the wisdom of abolishing slavery, but it flashed across me as 1 looked at his noble features that a «. a use which could enlist the lives of such men was not one that could b» quashed by th»- kill ing of one champion more or less. N"«> good purpose would l»o served by hanging or otherwise fnoonvcmcnclng Paul Kruger. It would render -drs. Krugcr v< ry lonesome, and make t»ll Ms feliow citizens feel that their lost leader was a martyr is a sacred cause. The only ado duato 1 thuik of iox so which are made of it. At times it takes the form of a halo of light around ths sunj at other periods it is a general glow, but more frequently it is seen us a long shaft, extending from opposite sides. Photographs taken during the total eclipse of IS7S show that it was visible for a dis tance of 1,000.000 miles on each side of the sun. Owing to the intensely 'luminous character of the sun it has been Impos sible to observe this feature except >.t times when the disc was hidden by the moon. With all the efforts that have been made to determine the exact character of the constituents of the corona, however, as tronomers are still nt a loss 10 pronounce definitely upon them. For this reason ex traordinary interest attaches to the In vestigations to be made on May 2S. Several classes of work will he done by the gov ernment experts. The corona and otnor appendages of the sun, will be most care fully photographed. Photograps.s will also be taken of the spectra of the halo, as well as other parts of the sun's atmosphere. Other members of the -oxps will make visual, drawings of the various features of the eclipse, with the aid of powerful telesco|M>s. The naval observatory expeit. expect to gather new data, which, addel to what Is already known, will aJd ma:e rlally In determining several disputed points regarding the sun and Its surround ings. Besides the features already mentioned, attention wilt be given to the red promi nences and the sierra or chromosphere. The red prominences have the appearance of jets or fountains of flame, rising some times to a height of Iflrt.OOO miles, and as suming the most beautiful and complex forms. The phenomenon of the sierra is a bor- der of dark red, which can be neon on the eastern side of the solar disc Just after the totality has begun, and on the westein side Just lief ore the totality ceases. Thin appearance has given rise to the discovery that a continuous red envelope surrounds the sun to a, depth of three or four thou nand miles. The name of had recently supplanted that of hierra. ggravated a <**. of polltloil sr-jpldlty n* !' It f which this grand old Hotr has been t> fwi old u. to give htm H handrome "U' if ho required It. to jjcimit h.in • " »r» in pe.icjfjl «nd lnn> u ou*» f his country under the Brit is >j Ha*; It Will ha hard 'or hlin to lenn, dttl<- by little, that hill rule had bwm a blunder. 111 1 P<-I [lie will continue to Tu his personal ctualitles, out ihey will ii'tiM? to attach any Imporwji ••• to hla political UttarajMM* H. will make ; peectMi on the antilveratry of liimraarm I>dg. but never .ii. tit a hearing In ilus cause . f a separate liocr refiubllc. , Th want to kill Krugerlsm— not Kru <• ■■ '-ruger is merely the outward raanl /• -1 ■em I.f a morbid Mate which haa af tli. ted South Africa from the Capo to /..mill. -I ever dnco IHIS, when anti-Boer legislation - tlrat Introduced Into the British. parliament. Thi* Is the lact generation of Boera rear. din Krugerlsm Those BOW coming forward demand better education than had their fathers, and have learned by •intact that nations cannot grow up suc cessfully fxi eptlng by open competition with other nations. They will still love the m.rnory of Oom Paul, as Yankees love John Brown of Osaawatomie. Jeff Da V is, Stonewall Jackson n.l many oth ers who did what was not merely con trary to law, but also opposed to sound common sense. Qlv.-n time and wise government, these strong elements will tell upon South Africa for good. The bulk of Intelligent people living between the Cape and Zam besi think normally not a* Dutchmen or as English, but as Africanders. Nor must that bo UOtctt aa a. mark ut Ui4le£lUi& HINTS FOR AMATEUR PHOTOGRAPH* ?OU photographing the ecllpt® w, F. H. Blgelow tocommends th« of the wet pl.itr. in an utlcto Appleton's Popular dcienot Jlootv! ho says to, amateurs who Jestre to tr. photograph the ecli[>se: The wet plate will take the coroe In eight seconds r l.w. -n, e bm of exposure should I e tested on a brt«v star of Hhout the seoond magnitX by trial before the . dips*, no rule about the rhctographic fnc* i \. ept to discover 1: , eerie* of'..' posures at different distance* near supposed jxjint. Kcllpse work is , practical matter, ami many rough-ajj ready methola must necessarily beta mitted. A good lens ody and turn them to the northWNl, wherfl he will see the Mark hhadmrtfr# has Just passed him rushing seaward, aftfl the glorious daylight, suddenly reetoNi enveloping -the entire land '' ape once tdflrt. To hawe such an « x|r»*rlene» a» this on<# In a lifetime Is eagerly to ne night ever to be remembered as one oi the js** found occasions of one's terrestlal life. Heme of the stars may come out t* view during the e«ltj>sw One sfcMlid4ttk for them, the • nly planet re-ar the will be Mercury, Just .it hi* f.Jfht*,. ; W probably too near to l>« *e- criminals mile nway for » which Intelligent Africander* then and still regard ay an Insult? Then don't let ua repcit this '"'•"'[J The war Is n< arlng Its i lone, we bupe tiellev. Tho Kruger Boer» tic* "'P** th«> courage and generosity of 'j*"** against whom they have taken ui' aro* and when Ooro Paul shall have ~' rr dered unconditionally, a* lid Robert I.e.- in iMji, there will bo no anticipate another rebellion, so long as the present generation 1» allrpl South Africa asks for security and If there Is one more thing lie nilgl't sonably add to this request tt ta t*N fronje be exchanged for Cecil Now York Times.