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Executive, even If it had fallen into error 1 it tu bed taste and worse policy on aj>ill like this to alir up party feeling* *ml to awake party animaaitksa into a rage. Gentlemen bad far better endeavor to agree in the hearty defence of tbeir country 's cause. The conduct of our little army hail elicited universal praise. It wit no fault of the President if he liad tnoved with caution in the early stage* of this contest. He could not know that thia attack would be made, wbeu the general himself did not anticipate it. The President had stationed his army where thought its presence necessary for tbe defence of our ?oil, and he had left it for the general to say how great a force m re quired. Up to the very last moment no man had anticipated that the Mexicans would dare to cross the river. To say that General Taylor was left with too lew troopa was not to impeach the President, but ratl'-r 1? reflect on tue sagacity and loreaight of the Oeneial. ?? was the ?po|? and clothed with ample powers. 1}' made his cajl for addi tional force when he deemed WW* neceswtry ; and, as soon as made, it was promptly ?et. Had he made it earlier, he would no doubt have bec?. condemned by those who now ao severely corutured the Administration. The President had very properly led it diac-jliol>tiry with General Taylor to judge for when he .?eeded aid, and what amount \ unjJ the lira very of his tro-V?. a* *ince fully proved, showed that his re liance upon th?*n tvas well-founded, and tliathe had exercised sound judgr^nt in the whole allair. Who could now regret that our *>'<"? had not been equal with that of the Mexicans ? HjJ A been, the laurels on General Taylor's brow would not have been so green. The glory of the victory had been great ly enhanced by the fact that we had whipped tbe brag army of Mexico with only a third of its numerical strengih. The Mexican commander know the country j he had deliberately chosen his own position, while our little army was moving in an unknown and difficult country, and marched upon the bay onets, and swords, and artillery ol a prepared enemy, and without any breastwork to defend them. As to the President, he needed not Mr. McD.'s vindica tion. The justice and patriotism of the American people would accord to him that meed of praise which was his due, while they ascrit>ed unlading glory to the officers and men who had behaved so gallantly on the battle-field. Mr. CARROLL, though rising without preparation, ex pressed his ho]? that the exigencies of the country, and the disposition he at all times felt to come to its rescu >, would sup ply the want of preparation of which he was conscious. He did not know that he could go for this bill in its present shape ; but if an amendment should be introduced confining the ap pointments proposed in the bill to the regular line of the army, (and Mr. C., before he resumed his seut, projiotsed to otter such an amendment,) he should then be ready to give it his support. Much an arrangement would, he was satisfied, respond to the wishes of every part of the country. Why, if these additional officers were necessary, (and Mr. C. would not un dertake to say that they were not ho,) why should they not be taken from the regular army ? Who were they who cotn |K>sed that army ? He need not, after the universal eulogies which had been pronounced on that portion of our officers who were under the command of General Taylor, undertake to say who or what they were ; nor need he go back to the annals of the last war, nor to the history of the war in Florida, to show that our ariny contained men every way fit and worthy to re-1 ceive these appointment*. Could it b, nectary for Congress at thia day, after seeing what had been done on the Rio Grande, and after reflecting on wh.t had been achieved on part occasions, to look for new officers beyond the regular hn< of the army > Need they turn uway their eyes from those no ble, gallant, daring, energetic, experienced, scientific: men who had so brightly illustrated our nation s history Wo, we had enough of such. Our difficulty would be, not in finding them, but in making the selection. Could Congress be so warning in justice and gra-itude as to forget all the deeds of these men and to look elsewhere when d.sUnctions and honor, were to be conferred > If they wished to hold out powerful incentive, to vigilance, to industry, to enterprise, to noble dar ing, they should *eize upon this occasion to reward those gal lant men who had now no other mark of their counter * ap preciate than the naked honor of a brevet-* distinction unmeaning in emolument or in rank and whose only value consisted in its being a memento that ihe country had not for gotten their services, but reserved them for hUurc reward. ... far no officer holding this distinction had received any further proof of the gratitude of the country. Mr. C. had been one of thooe who united most cordially in that meed of thank, which had been awarded to the gallant Taylor and to all the officers and soldiers who had Bcrved under his command; they had all covered themselves with glory ; they had all been ani mated by one heart, and acted from one impulse ; they had gone into the actions of the 8th and ?th with a settled pur pose to conquer or to die. There difference in the merit of the entire band : they had all rushed upon the enemy with that resolute and invincible determma tion which had produced the glorious result. But who were thoee officers who led the men in the brilliant charts on the enemy ? They were those who, wme months since had been decried in that chamber a* idle hai.gers on upon the Treasury, unfit for the strife of battle. and epa^ letted at a school which never would prepare men for the toils and hardship, of actual service How many out of the two hundred an-l mity-two officer, who had served under General Tavlor in this campaign did gent em. n who talked in th strain suppose had been educated at West Point J h v numbered two hundred. Yes, four-fifth. of the enttrt.body of officers who had led the men in these glorious actions we graduates from Wet Point. And their conduct... the field bore honorable testimony to the discipline, to the Pr"ct,<\\ the ex|?erience, to the tactic*, and the practical ^ility wh^h were conferred by an education at West 1 otn . not make this assertion at hazard , ho did not ap*** ? ven ture He had it from eiprcss authority ; and the reco would.show, as he h.d ?.id, that the West Point were two hundred out of the total list of two hundred and sixty-two. And yet they still occasionally heard >nvK?<Hi reflection, thrown out here again- that institution. Mr - had suP|m>*m1 that if any man could entertain an honest dou b, fore of the value and practical UKetuineH.ofthatsch.wlal doubts must now have been dissipated ; and he had exp? c. that all would have rallied round the ?nMttuUona.cme on which we might rely for furnishing us with officers fit to lea.! our troops through death and danC.r* to mM"1" victory He had anticipate,! that after the battle, of the 8th ami ? th o May all oppos.tion would have been wlenced, and that no more would have been heard against the necessity of educa^ tion to form a soldier, as much a. to prepare a inecham.. r a lawyer, or any other professional man, for the right discharg of his duty. But JTt ws*, that objections were ?t,ll brought forward, and the same.a*ertion. still made, jurt as thoug they had not been disproved by fact. Mr. C. should not .t thi. time enter on an elabora e de fence of that invaluable national institution ; and ^ ''2 introduced the meution of it in o.rrobo^.t.on of the thiit ihere could be no n?*cewuty for goinq: o h??ihpr maior the army for the principal officers of the .ervice, whether major general, or brigadiers. : ,u:H It had been Mid that there was a necessity for pamg Urn hill to secure the appointment i^'onlv with now brevette.l as n Major General, stood ir.the lw the rank of Colonel. If it was intended to make for him, let the bill be put in that shape. ? tfc.Howe have -me security that such was to t?e the results l.that case Mr. C. felt very sute that no objecUon would be m either aide. But when he looked at the bill he found^that ^ spoko of the appointment of two major gene . four brigadiers. He should I* glad to inquire of the cha. ms.i of the Military Committee, if Taylor was to be one of thee, major generals who was to be the other r?.Il(.n.i Mr. HARALSON here replied that he could not r ^ to the gentleman's inquiry, for he really knew no i h matter. . , Mr. CARROI.L understood the gentleman a. ""y1"* one of the objects in view by the pass ige of this bill was o a place tor Ocn. 'I ay lor. . . , Mr HMiXl'SON saiJ he should be highly grabbed i? ^ such should be the re<ull. He believed it would l?, but lie did not know. Judging, however, from what hadbcen ahead) done, he was satisfied thai there was every dispoaition to re ward him. ... . Mr C \RROLIi. ??Judging from what bad been done. Ul? *?- > Tbr H,r new regiment of dragoons, and h?t mser i officers should Ik- taken from the line of the army. In th. Senate, by I he caning vo,e of th* Vice Reside nt thst pro vision had been stricken out, and the P^?;denthad ed with the |>ower of appointment at his d.scr. t.on lhr h.ll thus altered had come back to the House, and hi. body hyi. very lean majority hail acquiesced in the change. . had that regiment been officered ' ?.. . Mr. McCONNEl.T., interposing. " Mostly by Whiga. ? m7 carro.T b. ?>? ?' ~ but how many of them had been taken from the Un?? ? anny. And he would appeal to .he (Committee whether it had not l*en to 1them ?c?u* and disappointment that the epaulets had no '? ? I j single onTof that gallant lmn.1 who had so three times thfir own nomber of brave slid detcrm n With what feelings would not such appomtmon . . witnessed by the people > They would have ha. ^ ()if effect on the ambition and patriotism of all wh ^ )h y tinction in the military seivice of the country i JfJJ" would at once have j-erceived that honora > ^ with tlie view of conciliating favor in this or in that - tate i or in that por-ion of the Union, but that they had been bestowed as the bright reward of merit, and the nation, as with one heart, wonld have sanctioned the act. , . . ^ But the result had been just what Mr_(, "1^ J'T At th. time these appointments were about to whole city was on tiptoe for news from the army. 1 he news, ffie glorSur news .lid arrive, and before thow were made; but wh.t effect had the tajrlh??re ?^,n the President > Wh.t influence had it eterted on ward merit, when put in the scale again- is? ^ political frienda and |>artisans > He would othera to say. " He would now come back to the bill iUelf. He ahould propose an amendment to the first section, restricting these appointmenta of general officer* to the line of the army ; but leaving to the President the entire discretion of selecting the in dividual*. it would leave hiin a wide choice from among the gallant and the brave, from among men who bad distinguish ed incmselves by deeds whLh proved them to be fit and able to load an army to victory, ay, and to conquest, (if so it must be,) any whero. We wanted no new major generals or bri gadier generals. We had a number already brevetted 5 and here was a favorable opportunity to render their brevet rank something of solid value to give it real efficiency, to make it significant of what it wasinteuded to mean. But it was said that it would never do to send army offi cers to command the volunteers. Why not How many States of this Union had been called on for enough regiments to form a command for a major general ' New York had been called on to furnish seven. Did gentlemen believe that volunteers would rebel because they were placed under gal | lant men who had seen service in the army ? Would they murmur if placed under such men as Scott, and Worth, and Wool, and a host of others whom he might name } No. Would they not rather have such men to lead them to battle than raw and unexperienced officers, however excellent their personal characters might be He would undertake to say that with such men to lead thein 011, the men of New York never would rebel. Now was the time to seize the invalua ble oppoitunity of rewarding merit. Some gentlemen expressed a fear that if we once got the epaulets on these men, we never should be able to get them off again. We never ought to desire to get them off. It was what the officers of the regular line of the army had a right? to expect: what they ha 1 looked to throughout their lives When they entered the army they knew that they had a country that was disposed to reward all who served her. If there was any incentive' that could be successfully addressed to the l>osom of a soldier, it was the hojie of promotion. But if gentlemen cast their eye over the roll of our army they would see these officers who had served for ten, fifteen, and twenty years without any promotion ; but when at last their country's call to arms did come, and they were able to render invaluable service in her cause, ought Congress and the Ad ministration to bo racking their brains to get officers from somewhere else to take the rank which Ihey ought to enjoy ? Yet that was this bill. An amendment had been proposed which went to confine | tho appointment of these officer* only to the continuance of the existing, war, or that at the end of the war we should have but one major general and two brigadier*. What had we now ? If the bill paused in its present form, wu should have at the end of the war three major generals and six brigadiers, who were then to leave the service. When they hail fought our battles, and we needed them no longer in the field, the President was to say to them, " Retire, we have no more need for you ; though you are entitled to be regularly prv moted, you must stand aside, and make room for men who were appointed yesterday." He heard the gentleman from Alabama (Mr. Mc Conn ell) ?ay that they did not mean that Scott should remain a majoi general. He presumed that that wa% indeed, the intention in introducing this bill. It could, in fact, mean nothing elbe. While he was up, Mr. C. would take this occasion to say? as he did not often trouble the House with remarks of his, and as no opportunity had been afforded for the discussion of the bill declaring war, and especially as it seemed to have become the habit of the House to pass bills first and discuss them af terwards?that he had voted with those who recognised the existence of a state of war, and had gone for all the supplies, and for every other measure calculated to bring the contest to a speedy and a glorious conclusion. He was not one of those who blamed the President for sending the army to protect the Union at every and any point where it seemed to be threatened. It was very true that he had voted against the admission ol Texas into the Union ; but, once admitted, he was ready to defend every inch of her soil just as soon as if she were one ol the old States. The war having now been declared, he was not for throwing the blame exclusively upon our own shoul ders. He thought that Mexico had done much to provoke this people and their Government; and he should go heartily for the cause of his own country, and for a speedy and an honorable peace. We had now, after so signal a victory, to display our magnanimity ; and he hoped we should not prove too exacting on an humbled foe.. He trusted it might not be needful for us to pursue them to the heart of Mexico ; but that they would meet us half way with the olive branch of peace ; and it was a most propitious time for us to accept of the pacific overture. Let us look first to our own honor ; but let us not forget, also, to respect the rights of othera. The committee lose. * [The debate was renewed on the following day, but our space will not enable us to publish any more of it in this paper. The bill was finally passed, with various amendment, whicli made it necessary to return it to the Senate. When it is per fected, and becomes a law, we will publish it. Oni of the amendments reduced the number of Generals to be appointed to one Major-General and two llrigadicrs.j OFFICE RING THE MILITIA. Mr. GAB RETT DAVIS here moved that the apccial order be poatp.mcd to enable him to introduce the following reso lution : Whereat the Government of the United States has no power to call on the Slates for regular troop*, or for any other de scription of force but militia, either draughted or volunteer* ; and whereat, by an aut entitled "An act nreviding for the prosecution of the existing war between the United Siatet and the Republic of Mexico," the President was authorized to call for and accept the services of any number of volunteers not ex ceeding 5<>,(KK), and he has in virtue thereof calle I upon the Governors of several States lor a specified number of volun teers, and sai l Slates have proceeded to raiae, and to anjioint officers for the volunteer forces so raised by them, which they have no power to do, unless the.troops so raiaed be militia of the States ; and the several State authorities, and the volun teers who have offered to serve for twelve months, intending and understanding that they were to be employed by the Uni ted States as volunteer militia for tliat term of service : where fore, He it retoh-nl by the Senate arul House of Representatives o/ tlx' L'nitetl States of America in Congress assembled, That all volunteer troops raised, or to bu raised, under the act alore saiil, are and t?re hereby declared to lie volunteer militia of the Statee. and the several States ill it may raise any portion of said volunteer troops have respectively the right to ap|K>iut their officers. Mr. PETTIT moved that the motion to postpone the ape cial order be laid on the table. The SPEAKER raid the motion to lay on the table th< motion to postpone was in order, but that the gentleman would not accomplish thirobject he had in view by doing it aa eflkc tually as if he let the motion to poatpone lie put; hut if the gentleman peraiated in the motion he would put Ihe question Mr. PETTIT (leraiated in his motion. Mr. G. DAVIS asked the yeas and naya upon it; and they were ordered. Mr. PETTIT, however, before the call commenced, with drew hia motion. And the question recurred on Mr. Davia'a motion ; on which he asked the yean and naya, and being ordered? The queation on Mt. I)*ti*'h motion waa then taken by veaa and naya, and decided in the negative?Yeas 53, nays 108. At the late Natiosal Faih, Livingston, Roggen A Co. exhibited various samples of their manufacture of peculisr merit, embracing five sorts of Platform Scales, and four kinds of Counter Scales ; five varieties of Adams's celebrated Ta lent Colli* Mills ; a new and improved kind of Point Mills ; Shutter Hinge arid Fastener, Cupboanl Bolts, tic. Alao, a new article ol Knob and Di*>r Latches, fanciful, durable, and cheap, showing there i? aomething more than the name in " the I'ittshurg Novelty Works." One set of Coach Springs, exhibited by Coleman, Hailmun & Co , Pittsburg, was a splen did article. V* e may mention, also, two Solid Box Vice*, by Lomont, Alleghany city ; one set of excellent Buggy Springs and Axles, by Jones A Greigg, Pittsburg. Ear.it H. Clark, late postmaster it Cherry Ridge, Wayne county, Pennsylvania, has been sentenced to ten years im prisonment for cmbeirling some $100 from a letter. It was done under an unhappy influence, and the crime confessed immediately. llELAWARi; tOLLKGB. 1MIE Summer Term of this Institution will commence on Wednesday, the ihld of April, and continue twelve weeks, or till Ihe 15th of July, at which time the commencement will be celebrated. The bill of college charge* for the term will be'$l7, with an initiation fee for new students according to the class they enter. Honrd and washing will cost from $'?&? to $ '0, making the whole expenses, according to ihe price paid for lioard, from $40 to $50 The total exjienaes for a year aie about $150. The course of study is the same sub?tantially a* at Prince ton, Yale, and Cambridge. The institution is young, it endow ed by the State of Delaware, and it under the stieeial patronage ot the Synods of Pennsylvania and Virginia. It has a full corps of Professors, and, a* about one-half of the students are profet tor* of religion, good order and diaciplinr are easily maintain ed. No cate of dismission or tutpention has taken place for more than two years past. Nkwahk Ar aii kmy it the preparatorr department of the col lege, is located in the same village, and it under the care of the Rev. Matthiw M f.his, a very popular and tuccetsful teacher^ lately at the bend of the Winchester Academy, Virginia, and at one time Principal of the Detroit branch of the University of Michigan. . The summer term of the Academy will commence at the Jkme time with the College, and continue twenty-one weeks, or till the Ifitli of September. Whole expenaet of the term about $60 \ for a year, about $|<5. To strangers it may lie w? II to mention that the College it located in tne pleataut and healthful village of Newark, fiela ware, on the Baltimore, Wilmington, and Philadelphia Rail road, about sixty mites from Baltimore and forty from Phila delphia, and it, therefore, convenient ofaceett at all teatont of the year both from North and South. For oirculars, or other particulars, tpply to Rev. Mattnrw Mains, Principal of Newark Academy, or E. W. GILBERT, Pres. Del. College, ap 4?8tcp Newark, Delaware. WASHINGTON. . m Liberty aua Union, now and torever, one ami luwpmblc." SATURDAY, JUNE 0, 1846. THE PROGRESS. Little did the London Quarterly Review think, (as was lately so well remarked by Senator Dayton,) when it asked "Who reads an American book ?" that a day was at hand when our Treasury authorship (Secretary Walker's Report against the protection of American Manufactures) would be adopted and printed in the British Parliament. And little, again, when the same journal carped at our use of the word to progress as not English, as an American ism, did it imagine what a mighty influence o*er us and our affairs that very Americanism was des tined to have. However unauthorized or uncouth the sound, there seems some virtue in it, some charm, some spell, that takes men by the ears, and leads them whither it will. Gifford and his review ers might see in that mighty word nothing but a vocable, a verb, or a noun not of very good example : but of its political aignificancy, its power over the thought of whole nations and times, the revolutions which that little word " to progress" was fated to effect, they had no conception ; for that chief instinct of ours had then but little developed itself, either to the apprehension of others or to our own. ? To progress" is simply to go forward, to move in the direction of one's head, to proceed the J way one's face is turned. Yet progress may be for wards, backwards, upwards, downwards ; for, after all, to say that a thing progresses is only to say that it does not stand still. Thus Pope, one of the correctest of modern writers, describing the main court editor of his day and his style, says : | " Not no bold Amall : with a weight of skull, Furious he dives, precipitately dull: Whirlpools and storms his circling arm invest, With all the might of gravitation blest: No crab more active in the dirty dance, Downward tu climb, and backward to advance," All mortal diseases are progressive, until death ends them : so are old age and natural decay. A martyr progresses while they convey him to the stake; a murderer, as he is dragged on a hurdle to the gibbet. The coming of darkness is progressive, like the dawn. The fall of an avalanche, the catching of a swift and terrible conflagration, the rolling of an earthquake, the havoc of a tornado, the flow of a river of lava, desolating every thing before it for ages, are all a progress. If every dike that fences Holland, from the sea were torn down at once, there would be the mightiest progress which that dull land has ever seen since it was first won slowly from the waves. Toss any thing into the suck of the Maelstrom and it progresses in a les sening circle until it gets to the vortex, and is whelmed forever. This Government has certainly, since the pure days of President Washington, made a great progress?the rapidity of which has been much assisted by its lightening itself, in order to go the faster, of a great part of all the old in cumbrances of stern integrity, wisdom, and pru dence. They have been flung away, much as Alexander, when he set off for the conquest of In dia, made his soldiers burn their baggage and throw away their gold. When Horace says " the bad age of our ancestors produced us worse, presently to en gender a posterity still more profligate, he precise ly described a Roman progress. To speak by facts, our progress has been, on the one side, to steam boats, railroads, machinery of all sorts, enlarged territory, and multiplied population and commerce. This is the physical, the material side. But what is it on the other ? Public corruptions, factions, and distractions of every kind; the laws too often dis regarded or made for party ; every thing set at hazard for purposes of party or personal success ; proscription, persecution by Government for opin ion's sake; Presidential wars upon the Senate, the currency, credit, and many other things; charter breaking, agrarianism, repudiation, usurpation by the Executive of almost all legislative authority, and other unmistakeable signs of a tendency of the Government to anarchy or despotism. The " progress," then, in whatever direction or to whatever result, is always a progress, and will be until, perchance, as the natural consequence of its own vehemence and velocity, further " pro gress" in any direction, becomes impossible. Mean while, like children, who, so they ride, care not which way they go, we are charmed to see how fast the hedges and houses dance by us; we clap our hands, laugh delightedly to see how we keep moving, and take it for granted that what goes so fast needs must go equally well. But, let us consider. Nations that have shot up with an amazing rapidity of rise have usually fallen again as rapidly, just as the boy that was six feet high at ten years old, died in complete decre pitude at twenty. We are monsters, marvels of boyish manhood: but such wonders are always portentous, to themselves, if to nothing else. A state may outgrow the very principle of life in it?we mean its institutions?and this is what we arc doing. Like the gigantic child of which we have just spoken, its body may vastly outstrip its mind, and its strength its prudence : it may arrive at the age of corporeal passions, while the faculties that should control them are yet in their infancy: and its enormous powers, ill-matched with any thing that should direct them, may be its bane, as much as they were a human wonder. For what can be truer than those words which Milton puts in the mouth of Samson, when all his might has failed him and been overcome by a little craft ? ?' O, impotence of mind, in body strong! Hut what is strength without a double share Of wisdom > Vast, unwieldy, burdensome, Proudly secure, yet liable to fall By weakest subtleties : not made to rule. But to subserve where wisdom ?*ar* command. Clod hath not given a genuine and a lasting great ness to be so built up. It is painful, slow, the structure of a mighty toil and patience, the calm and sober growth of centuries, the work of men magnanimous, solid, and sedate, rejoicing in no airy suddenness, confident in no creations of the moment. Such are in haste to rear no piles faster than they can settle themselves?no Babels of un- j baked brick, that will crush with their own height. A great State, in a word, cannot spring up, like an exhalation, in a morning: for, built to en dure, it must be built slowly, and of materials not only admirably put together, but capable to with stand all but the slowest change. i How different all that the votaries of the " pro gresaM exult in ! How totally unlike this new pro cess of greatness to the old! It is uo longer a mighty race of men, virtuous, brave, Jaw-loving, animated as with a single great soul, and crowning with a high and consistent public policy the well sustained order of every private duty : it is the machines, not the men, that are now to make us a great and an everlasting people, So saith that mighty designer of empires, thk Prooresh. We have no plan, no purpose, no counsel, no course : spared all trouble of that sort, we have only to commit ourselves to the blind and headlong wave ol the " onward," and its rush is to be our guide, our pru dence, our very Providence ! Nay, the faster down it we drift the more glorious our progress ; for, though no man can tell where we are going, are we not getting along somewhitherward at a great rate ? Yea, to a more and more swift dissolution of all policy, of all civil order, of every thing that can make social life safe or sweet. Thin is the 44 pro-1 gress." The corruptions of the Government, its neglect of its just functions, not to say it" wilful non-performance of them, deepen every day, and with them the gladness of the popular endurance of a misrule which satisfies the people because it consults only their passions. We border all the while upon civil war, in the injuries which party inflicts upon party ; all the bonds of life and almost that of country are broken ; and this is called 44 the progress." In sixty years, under our Constitution, we have been unable to settle whether or not the Government can exercise any of those greater and more beneficent powers with which it set out; and this is an amazing rate of 44 progress." Mean while, if the power of protecting industry and arts, and many more such, cannot be ascertained, there is no difficulty, as wc have seen on various occasions within the last twenty years, in the reign ing President's seizing on all public trusts for per sonal purposes, or in almost any usurpation whaU | ever ; and this, again, is 44 progress." True, we go very fast; but perhaps a little too j fast to be going otherwise than downhill. \ irgil says there is a place to which the descent is very easv. Every body knows the way: which is another very suspicious circumstance ; for when was the path of wisdom so plain or that of virtue so easy ? We know, ourselves, to be sure, very little of that track by which the heights of glory and power are climbed ; but we have always heard j that the ascent was steep, rough, and slow. Possi bly, however, the great, good, and brave have here-] tofore given themselves much useless pain and toil: statesmen of inferior qualities are going to show us a short cut. Huzza, then, for the "Progress!" Is it not written that with the foolish things of the earth tfie wise shall be confounded? And when before did the signs of that prophecy so thicken j about any people? The amount of appropriations contained in the bill making appropriations for the civil and diplo matic expenses of the Government for the year) ending June 30,1847, commonly called the general appropriation bill, as passed by the House of Re presentatives a few days ago and sent to the Senate | for concurrence, is $3,505,491. The Hon. Abbott Lawrence and the Hon. Na-1 than Appleton, of Boston, formerly distinguished members of the House of Representatives from Massachusetts, are at present, with their respective ? Ladies, in this city, being on their return from a j visit to the Hon. Wm. C. Rives, in Virginia. Within four days after the Governor of the State j of Kentucky had received the requisition from the j War Department for three regiments to go to Texas, he was able to announce that the number was made up and ready for the field; that seven companies! had been rejected because the regiments were full before their being reported ; and that one full regi ment was on its way to the scene of action. THE RICHMOND (Va.) REPUBLICAN. Messrs. Crane, Smith Co. have withdrawn from the Republican, having sold that paper to I Messrs. Robert H. Callaher and Oliver P. Bald- , win, by whom it will in future be conducted. The Convention for revising the Constitution of j the State of New York, commenced its session at. Albany in the beginning of this week. rheHon.) John Tracy, the Lieutenant Governor ot the State, | was chosen to preside over its deliberations. Some malignant scribbler in the Mobile Herald holds this language in reference to the Hero ol | Lundv's Lane and Chippewa : .. The Northern paper. *?'' wilh j0?1"1 ?~1*ina,'on the,r": I raor that General Scott I. to t^cot,?n^0four tine.l to acl again* Mexico. Tho-e in ihe South, how. vcr, Mem to be but little plea~d at the pro.|*-ct of .uch appoint- | ment. The truth is the General doea not enjoy in this aec Hon of country the confidence o. the ma~ ofthe pjyto ? H ia a very good drawing room general; he can fight a battle trerv well on l>aper, and baa fought aeveral in fact when op pWJ by regular diaciplined troop*, on level and open ground, Ld cor,dueled according to atricl military tactK?_ But,, wh? he come, to 4 huah-whacking' and chaparral fighUng, we are afraid the General would be at fault ; hi. military doe. not embrace .uch warfare-r.* hia exploit, in the Flori da campaign." For language such as this we have no answer ; the Whole life of .General Scott brands it as unmi tigated falsehood. But we advise the people of Mobile to keep a sharp eye on the author. privateer is to be fitted out against our commerce, or a blue-light is necessary to give secret instruc tions to a foe, the writer who could thus malign a scarred hero, grown old (but still towering like the giant oak) In the service of his country, will prove the first traitor to his country, the first recreant Ironi her flag.?Aorf/? JfantTXttM* Hrrr nn "? Musn.m Vol. * rK*n. ?Three of the volunj teer companies from Oaage, Cole, and Gooper counts left j St. Loui. on ihe 2fith ultimo for their home*. They were j aadly dimppointrd in not being recei*.d and marched into Ihe ?ervice of the United State.. Four other companies, which were not wanted, had made arrangement (o return home on the following day. The New Era remark* that a "call for | < more troop, than ia nece..a.y or wanted ha. a bad effect up ? on the alacrity for which Weatern volunteer, are celebrated ? in flying to arm., and in future they are not likely to be K> ? prompt, but will wait to ace whether there ia a certainty of ? lheir being employed before they put thenwelve. to any trou ? hie or inconvenience in .tarting." In many of the Werfern State., we obeenre, that the difficulty ia not in obtaining the number of volunteer, required, but in choo?ng from the abun-1 dance offered. The Expedition to New Mexico, it i. .uppoaed, will not move at aa early a day a. wa. at fir.t expected, it being pro- J bable that the order would not aoon reach Col. K*aM? ; who, a few .lay. before the de.patch reached St Louts had left Fort Leavenworth with two hundred dragoons and pro ceeded up the Miaaouri about two hundred mites to e.tabli.h the new fort which the United State, ha. ordered to be erect ed in that vicinity. ? \ Stitch i* Ti*x."?The following toa.t wa. given by General J. S. Tilk* at the recent dinner of the " Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company" in Boaton . I ?' 'TV American Tuulot?He hat taught the Mexicans *bn I have punned upon hi. name, that he know, that a .titch .ntime I Mivea niwe." ? Ninety train, of" car. leave Bo.ton eve.y day for twenty five different .tation., .bout one every ten and a half bourn each day-Sunday, excepted, of courte. NATIONAL FAIR. This gratifying and important National Exhibition is over, ho far as the inere exhibition extends. But its effects upon the forty thousand (probably fifty thousand) persons who have visited it are yet to be developed, i hese effects cannot but be perma nent ; we have no right to suppose that they will not be also eminently salutary, and productive of lasting good to the cause of Domestic industry and ingenuity?the all-important interest of Home Man ufactures. In this National Exhibition, New England has, as might have been expected, held the first place. I She has nobly come up to the work, and establish ed the cause of American Manufactures upon the firmest basis. New York has not been so promi nent in the business as we had hoped and expected she would have been. New Jersey and Penn sylvania have gallantly assisted the exhibition, and I Delaware has done more than her proportion. We are proud of the position which our neighbors of Maryland, and Viroinia occupy in this Na tional assemblage of National productions. Ma ryland, we were aware, was heart and hand in the work: we knew of her noble establishments at the Laurel Factory, in St. Mary's county, on the Pa tapsco, round Baltimore, and generally throughout the State, and expected much from her; yet she has exceeded our expectation. But we were not prepared for such a display, so excellent in quality, so moderate in price, and so various in description, as Virginia has exhibited. All hail to the Ancient Dominion ! We will no longer allow her to be classed by our opponents as an anti- I manufacturing Statp. Her offerings to this Na tional Exhibition have silenced that slander ! The manufacturing spirit has also extended to the cot ton-growing States of North Carolina and Geor gia ; and what can be so well adapted to the de velopment of the energies of these patriotic States as the creation of a Ilofye Market for the consumption of their staple productions ? As American citizens, knowing no distinction between East and West, and North and South, but feeling convinced that the interest of the whole is most closely connected with the subject of Domestic Industry, we rejoice in this Fair as having afforded the most gratifying testimony that a common ground is about to be established, on which those who have hitherto dif fered in opinion may have their honest difficulties solved, by the substitution of facts for figures, and plain straightforward demonstrations, palpable to the senses, for the mysteries of political economists and the speculations of closet politicians. But we have grateful work before us, which, though rather tardy in our attention to it, we assure our readers is a labor of love ; and gladly should we devote our time and our columns to any extension of the subject which our correspondents might de sire, if other most important parts of the great Na tional drama of the day did not require our attention and our space. Hon. R. M. Saunders, Minister of the United States to Spain, (succeeding Hon. Washington Irving,) sailed from Boston for Liverpool in the steam-packet Hibernia on the 1st instant. Letters brought by the Hibernia announce the death of Gansevoort Melville, Esq., Secretary of the U. S. Legation at the Court of St. James. He died on the 12th of May, after an illness of three weeks. The body has been sent home for interment. Mr. McLane was still so unwell as to be unable to leave his room. He could not even be present at the funeral ceremonies performed over the body of Mr. Melville. The Nashville " Union," the Administration or gan in Tennessee, has the following : "We understand, from a reliable source, that it is 4 the intention of the Government to send a force 4 to California sufficient to take possession of that 4 country and to hold on to it. It is supposed that 4 the mounted men from Arkansas, Missouri, and 4 probably Tennessee, will be directed to California. 4 We sincerely hope that this information may be true, 4 and, from the source through which it is derived, we 4 are satisfied that it is reliable. We regard Cali 4 fornia now as ours, and with that result all will be 4 satisfied." TRIBUTE OF RESPECT TO GEN. TAYLOR. I he Legislature of the Slate of Louisiana appro priated by acclamation, on the 26th ultimo, five hundred dollars, for the purchase of a sword on be half of the State, to be presented to Gen. Taylor as a token of the universal admiration with which the people of that State view his indomitable courage, bravery, and consummate skill, as display ed in achieving two brilliant victories. THE DISTRICT VOLUNTEERS. Another company of Volunteers from Baltimore, under the command of Capt. Kenley, arrived here yesterday morning, to be mustered into the United States service and attached to the Battalion now in the course of organization in this city. ( ol. W illiam H. Watson, who has been elect ed to the command of this Battalion, we believe r?*clied the city on the preceding day. Previous to his departure froin Baltimore his friends in that place conferred a handsome compliment on him by the presentation of a sword and pair of epaulets, as a mark of their esteem and respect. We have at this time a heavy naval force in the I arific, under the command of Commodore Sloat, which will probably soon be increased by the Co lumbus, seventy-four, Commodore Biddi.e?and it is by no means unlikely that the President, imme diately on the passage of the resolutions declaring war to exist between the United States and Mexi co, sent off despatches to the commander of our naval forces in that quarter, with instructions u> blockade or take possession of every port on the coast.?Baltimore Patriot. The Magnetic Telegraph between Baltimore and Philadelphia was in successful operation yester day. The line is not yet regularly opened for busi ness. After a full test hail been made between Baltimore and Philadelphia, the wires of the Phil adelphia and Washington Telegraph were united, and messages sent direct from the former to this city. I his is the longest line of the electric tele graph ever operated upon, being one hundred and forty miles, and the messages were sent in a space of time imperceptible to the human mind. A letter writer at Havana on the 20th ulUmo, to the editor* of the New Orlean* Picayune, ?aya that American vea?el* could not obtain freight at that place in conaequenee of the war with Mexico. The writer adda : ?? American flag* now can do nothing, and will remain ao until the Government aenda regular convoy* for ua. Foreign flag* get ?3 a JK3 5a. for fowei and a market, in *mall ve*ael* of 800 to 1,500 boxe*. American veaaela are alwaya ?1 under theae quota tion*, if there i* any thing to do." Stncm*.?The Norfolk Beacon *tatea that a peraon calling himself Edward tt. Sulhoan killed himaelf in that city on I ue?day, while in a fit of delirium. It in *tated that he be longed to VV a*hington, and that hi* real name is believed to be Eoviin B. Lswia. late from the army*. I he Southern Mail of last evening brought us New Orleans papers of the 28th ultimo, with ac counts from the Army to the 18th. On the latter day (leneral I'aylor had crossed the Rio Grande and taken quiet and unresisted possession of Matamo ras. We glean from the papers the annexed details : "On the afternoon of the 17th May a detach ment ol three hundred regulars and three hundred and lilty volunteers proceeded to Barita and took possession of it, and established a military depot. On the night of the 19th an express arrived from Gen. Taylok, stating that he had crossed the Rio Grande and taken the city ol Matamoraa without opposition, the Mexicans having fled the city. " The Mexicans, from last accounts, were desert ing their ranks in battalions. " Two American regiments, with the exception of about three hundred and fifty, having marched a few days previous, were stationed at Bnisos Point, awaiting the orders of Gen. Taylor, and it was' thought they would leave on the 20th for Matamo ras, via the old Barita road. " Col. McIntosh, Capt. Pagk, and all the others that were wounded in the actions of the 8th and 9th, are at Point Isabel, and were recovering." MUNICIPAL ELECTION RETURNS. I he following are the returns of the votes given for Mayor in the several wards of this city on Monday last: p . w . W~ W fkatun- J' C- Hark nest. W. G union. Fin* Ward 77 55 . 36 Second Ward 77 .79 40 Third Ward 76 .!.!.83 69 Fourth Ward ... 175 ?a aa Fitth ward as.. *7 Sixth Ward. ... 122 34 !'!!!! ! 46 | Seventh Ward...92 17 35 Totals 702 363 400 William W. Seaton, having received the largest number of votes, is therefore duly elected Mayor of this city for two years ensuing. The number of votes taken at this election, though larger than ever taken at any preceding election, is yet less than would naturally be expect ed from those who know the extent of the popula tion of the city. To understand this, it should be borne in mind that those only are entitled to vote at the Corporation elections who possess real pro perty, or personal property of the assessed value of $100, and who have paid the tax due upon such assessment. OFFICIAL. Match's Okhce, Wasiiisgto*, Jcstk 2, 1846. I hereby certify that at the election held in the several wards of the city of Washington on Monday, the 1st day of June, 1846, for members of the Board of Aldermen and Board of Common Council, the following named persona were duly elected, as appears by the returns of the Commissioner* made to me this day, to wit: Hi the 1'irnt Ward.?William B. Magruder, Alderman ; Charles A. Davis, William Wilson, and William Easby, Common Councilmen. In the Second Ward.?William Orme, Alderman; Lewis Johnson, Samuel D. King, and James F. Haliday, Common Councilinen. In the Third Ward.?J. T. Towers and Stephen P. Frank lin, Aldvrmen; Joseph Borrows, J. W. Moorhead, and Silas Hill, Common Councilinen. In the Fourth Ward.?Walter Lenox, Alderman 4 Rich'd Wallach, Samuel Bacon, and Samuel BurclSt, Common Councilinen. , In the Fifth Ward.?Joseph W. Beck and John C. Fita patrick, Aldermen; Peter Brady, Richard Dement, and Aaron W. Miller, Common Councilinen. In tht Sixth Ward.?Thomadfr*Thornley, Alderman; Jaa. I Cull, (ieorge H. Fulmer, and John R. Queen, Common Councilmcn. In the Seventh Ward. ?Samuel Byington and Ignatius Mudd, Aldermen ; William Lloyd, J. W. Jones, and John T. Casseil, Common Councilmen. Given under my ham), at the city of Washington, the day [ and year above written. W. W. SEATON, Mayor. The State of New Yoke lately advertised for a loan of $300,000, to pay arrearages on the canal contracts, and tho ! following from the Albany Atlas, of the 3d, will ahow the ' success of the Comptroller: " We understand that for the loan of #300,600 of five per cent. State stock, redeemable in 1864, for which proposals were to lw received by the Fund Commissioners until 4 o clock yesterday, no offers were ntadc." Locusts.?The Zanesnlle (Ohio) paper notices the arri val of these posts, after an absence of seventeen years, during which their loss has not been regretted. SnciDB.? Dr. Geo. W. Spaldixo (aged 22) committed ' suicide at Richmond, Virginia, on Saturday, by taking pros sic acid. No cause sssigned. MISCELLANEOUS FOREIGN ITEMS. Some stir was created in London by the failure of Beattie. 4- Co., whose liabilities exceed a million and a half of dollars. A house in Liveqmol, said to* have extensive ramifications in the United States, is " in for it." The money market has improved. The rate o( discount on first class foreign bills is 3 A per cent. Only the best are looked at. By the new penal code in Russia it is decreed that in all case* where, according to the old legislation, the punishment of the knout would be inflicted, the whip shall be substitut ed ; and in cases where flogging by the whip would have been inflicted by the old code, the rod is to be substituted. Austria is about to enfranchise the peasantry of Gmlicia ; a very desirable measure, but it is now offered as a boon to the peasants who murdered their lords ! The Emperor of Russia has continued for five years lenger the warehousing system as established in the porta of 8t. Pe tersburg!], Cronstadt, Riga, and Archangel. A Constantinople correspondent writes, on the 27th ultimo, that Salih Pacha, of Salonica, the author of the persecutions against the ( hristians of Scodra, had been superseded in his post, on the energetic remonstrance of Sii Stratford Canning, to whom Reschid Pacha prorniaed that he should 'not again be employed in any office of trust. Admiral Sir William Parker was received in the most flattering manner by the Sultan on the 25th. Francs.?The Chamber of Peerahas passed the project of law relative to the Belgian treaty, by a majority of 108 to 7. The Domestic Sugar Bill whs ]>assed by 95 to 12. The Prince he Joixville has taken the commatnd of the Mediterranean fleet. Aliiieas.? I he Moniteur publishes a despatch from Mar shal Bugeaud, dated the 30th April, which states that the French had fallen in with Abd-el-Kader, who once more es caped from their hand*. The French detachment, however, fell upon the nearest fraction of the Arab army, killed 20 of the fugitives, and captured their baggage. Another despatch gives an account of an engagement in which the Arabs had 200 killed, and the French only 7 killed and 20 wounded. Ben Naka, who was wounded, fell into the hands of the French. Ajvmexatio*.?The Paris press announces that Lieut. ' "l?nel Passot, commander-in-chief of the Isles Mayotte and Nosat-Be, in the Indian Seas, had, after the usual forms, taken possession, jn th<, nmmc ^ France, of the three small isles of N'ossi-Cumba, Nossi-Mitsion, and Nossi-Fali, aituated near the first two at the northern entrance of the channel of Mo zambique, a short distance from the eastern coast of Madagascar. Italt.?A letter from Naples states that a free perdon has l>een granted to nine peisons who had taken an active part in the insurrection of Calabria in 1842, and been condemned to the galleys. The Steele corroborates put late accounts from Italy, which stated that great ferment and panic prevailed in the Austrian provinces and in theI,egationi? It was said that King Charlee Alliert, interrogated by Austria respecting the reports of his Majesty's disposition towsrds the Liberals, declared that he would he the first to oppose a revolution in Italy, but that, in his opinion, the time for jxditical concession to public opinion had arrived. O * a m a x t .?The delegate* of the Zoil-Verein ?re to meet shortly at Berlin to continue the negotiations commenced at Carlsruhe. The question will be discussed in this conference, whether, to favor the importation direct of raw cotton from the I'nitcd State*, it will be requisite to augment the import duty on English twists ; they will also take into consideration the propositions make to the Zoll-Ver< in tending to facilitate the means of a direct commerce with the transatlantic States.