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WASHINGTON. ? Liberty aud Uulou, new and ftrever, oue ud iuoc'itarabie." SATURDAY, OCTOBER 7, 1848. A FALSE CHARGE DISPROVED. It is not always an easy matter to prove a nega tive. But a false aud absurd imputation on Gene ral I aylok, rent-wed at this moment, after being more than a year ago fully examined and refuted in tins paper, we have it in our power, upon the testimony of the Administration itself, by whose friends it is now revived, utterly to demolish. We find the charge preferred in the Albany Argus of last Saturday, in the following terms : 44 No candid man, of either party, who will look at the facts presented on the official records of the country, can fail to see that, if there be any fault resting any where on the score of the march of our army to the Rio Grande, General Taylor comes in for a full sh^re uf it. He it was who firot ad vised and urged that movement, and it was not sanctioned by the National Administration until after Mr. Siideil, and the proffers of negotiation with which he had been charged, had been spurned with contumely by the Mexican Government, and war had been, actually declared ou itc part, not merely for the purpose of recovering the territory said to be in dispute, but the entire State of Texas. Then it was that the movement suggested and urged by General Taylor was assented to at Washing ton?and that not as an act of aggression, but as a purely defensive measure?defensive against hostile incursions, not upon territory in dispute between ' the two nations, but upon the territory of one of the States of this Union." Of the history of the movement of the army upon the Rio Grande, proving it to have been peremp torily ordered by the President after Gen. Taylor had refused to assume the responsibility of such a movement when merely advised to it, conclusive proof will be found in an article in the preceding page of this paper, copied from the National Intelli gencer of June 21,1847. We republish that article not so much to convince our adversaries, who have no desire to be convinced, as to fortify those who arc disposed to resist the odious imputation which is now attempted to be fixed upon Gen. Taylor of having advised the Administration to make war upon Mexico. Now, for the remainder of the statement of the Argus, by which it would shift from the shoulders of the Administration the responsibility of the wnr, brought on by the inarch to the Rio Grande. That J movement, says the Argus, ? was not sanctioned ? by the National Administration until after Mr. ! 4 Slidell, and the proffers of negotiation with I which ho had been charged, had been spurned I 4 with contumely by the Mexican Government, ! 4 and WAR HAD BEEN ACTUALLY DECLARED ON ITS j , PART." We are glad that this assertion is so dis- I tinct and specific as to make it alike impossible to | misunderstand it or to explain it away. The issue, moreover, :s one of fact; awd all that we h?ve got j to do to demolish the ciiarge, is to confront it with ?a competent witness to its falsity. Stand forth, then, Mr. Secretary of State ! The Executive Document No. 00 of the last ses sion of Congress contains the correspondence be tween Mr. Secretary Buchanan and Mr. &lidell, our Minister in Mexico, and, as part of it, the in structions, by order of the President of the United Stales, forwarded by the Secretary to that Minister. [The order lor the march to the Rio Grand?, the j reader must recollect, was issued on the 13th of January, 1846.] On the 20ih day of January, one ' week precisely alter the date of that order, Mr. ' Buchanan, transmitting to Mr. Xlidkll his com-1 mission, just then ratified by the Senate, instructs him as follows : 44 Should the Mexican Government, by finally I 4 refusing to receive you, consummate the act of folly 4 and bad faith of which they hsve afforded such I 4 *|ronS indications, nothing will then remain for \ 4 this Government but to take the re-lrt*a of the | 4 wrongs oj its citizens into its own hands." 44 In toe mean time, the President, in antictpa- | 4 tion of the final refusal of the Mcxican Govern-1 4 ment to receive you, ha* ordered the army of, J eras to advance and take position on the left 4 bank of the Rio Grande ; and has directed that a 4 flpet shall be immediately assembled in the I 4 gulf of Mexico." _ proved, beyond the possibility of de-1 nial, that the march of the army to the Rio Grande was ordered by the President in anticipation of j the relusal of the Mexican Government to receive Mr. Slidell, and without any pretence of its being provoked by hostile demonstrations on the part of Mexico. It cannot, therefore, be true, but must be admitted to be false, that that movement was not sanctioned the Administration until after Mr. Slidell had be*n spurned by the Mexican Government, and | war l?d been actually declared on its part. f it were necessary to cumulate evidence on t n point, more of it is to be found in the Docu ment referred to. Mr. Buchanan, for example, in a letter of the 28tV of January, to Mr. Slidell, uses the following language, with other expressions, showing doubt, at l<**t, on the part of the Exccu-1 tive, at that date, wither the Mexican Govern ment would really refute to receive him : . " l'*e Mfxifan Government, however, finally refuse to receive you, the cup of forbear 4 ance will then have been exhausted. Nothing 4 ran remain but to take the redress of the injuries to our citizens, and tht insults to our Government, ? into our own hands." Hoi*. Jon* H. P^dlrto*?Tbi? gei.-leman addreaaed the people 0f Fairfax, (V*.) on Mond.y ?eek, in a *,*-och o marked ability, which occupied nearly four hoar* in ita do jjvery. The News uya thai ?? Mr. P.'a eulogy on fJenrral IiTLom wa. lieautifui in the extreme, and wa? listened to wth j Uie deepen! intereat." He al?o add rem d the people of Fauquier at iu last court 1 in one of lii* moat brilliant epeerhr* j one, *ayn our dialin guia e< informant, which wa? "marked by the moat thrilling captivit.ng elo^uonce it was ever my gool lortune lo I to the en I U,t iln-,t nnd 'ncreaaed in twauty and power It acemed that all other occari.n, hia opponent* had re used to commence the di,cu*on, forcin, Mr. Pr.M ,.,to? to bejnn, and then exhausting the day i? r?p,y> wi,houl pymf "? ? "n'W*r* Mr- ^ notice to all ' preaent that they might begin, but he c?nclutK ,f ho commenced he would give no time for reply ,\0onr would commence, and he did beg'in and concluded at night in ? apeech which waa pood at the beginning, better in lh(. middle, and br*t at the end.?FrrdrrUk^burft Nao*. ? ^be London Times aaya : ?? It ia now the fa.him to apeak in Parliament. A unn a conatituei.ts like if, hi* frienda likr it, ? man , wife likea it, hia daughter like it, hia tailor likea i, hi* butler even likea to reed hia master's apeerh. So even, debate i* three part* dribbled away in a distillation of rmaa t u la tad ahp-alop, from which it would be impossible to preci 1>?tan an idea or elicit a fact." P j NOTES ON EUROPEAN AFFAIRS. From the undigested mass of Transatlantic news, such as it now reachcs us in the confusion of Tele graphic despatches compiled with the utmost hurry by unskilful hands, our readers roust have extreme difficulty in forming any ideas either correct or dis tinct of the real character of events thus hastily transmitted to them; the more especially as the present rapidity of communication induces people rather to wait with expectation for fresh intelligence than to sift and correct the old. Feeling constantly of late this state of things, and anxious to redress it, we know not how better to do it than by offering to our friends, from time to time, a commentary upon the aspect of things abroad, such as they ap pear to ourselves. The chief interest of the moment attaches itself, through the revived reports of commotion in Ire land, to the political prospects of that unfortunate country. In regard to ft, we are in the condition iu which w e apprehend a great part of the people of this country to be : that is to say, we sympathize deeply with all that Ireland sulfers, and has so long suffer ed ; but we doubt the possibility of her liberation, except as a work of peace and of time. Upon the long agitation of O'Connell, wo have looked with doubt and fear, as certain to end in an attempt at arincd resistance; aud that we have constantly thought hopeless, against the power of the British Empire. Thus far, we have proved to be right; nor do the last accounts of insurrection?accounts which strike us as the manifest inventions of ru mor, founded on some slight local disturbance only?in the smallest degree alter our presages of the event. The British Government is too strong, too well-prepared, too politic, and too resolute, not to be able to foil the headiness of all these ill concerted Irish attempts, which to all other causes of failure?want of means, want of discipline, wnnf' of counsel?join a fatal want of unity in the only power (that of the Priesthood) which might wield the Catholic population. It is evident that the Government?far too wary for the party of Insur rection?has at last begun to conciliate and to dr;tw to it the Ecclesiastical power, using for this purpose overtures of endowment; while, on the other hand, the spirit and many of the avowals of the Young Ireland men have taught the Priesthood to dread the meditated revolution as one which is too largely French in its principles, and will, if once success ful in the demolition of tli3 Civil power, speedily go on to uproot the Religious. It is clear, in short, that the weight of the Catholic Church has been, in the late conjuncture, thrown against the O'Brien party, whom the Clergy cither distrust as rash and incapable, or fear as radical and infidel in their ten dencies. Nor is it to the Clergy alone that their temper has given alarm : the men of properly also have grown frightened at the Agrarian doctrines er threats of havoc and pillage which the bad portion ef the Revolutionists nre breathing into the inflamed multitude. The O'Connell or " Moral Force" party, on the contrary, bettor advised, knew the necessity of maintaining ?he most perfect union with the Clergy and it? leaders, as not only the most popular but the best-informed and most capable influence in i Ireland; ventured no measures nor no doctrines which might alienate them, and were probably es pecially on their guaal against giving the Govern ment any opportunity of diverting from their move ment either the Irish ecclesiastical body or the Papal control over it. From the moment when the ?4 Physical Force" (the O'Brien) party lost sight of this policy, broke this union not only with the O'Connell men and the landlords but with the Church, and offered the English an opening for tempting the Pope (who has an eye to the spread of Catholicism through the rest of the British do minions) to re-establish friendly political relations with them, (so long unknown,) it was not difficult to see that nearly every tiling which might have ren dered resistance formidable was lost, and that nothing could come of it except useless bloodshed. Meantime, another powerful cause?famine?has been at work, both to inflame the existing discon-, tent and to make it abortive. The want of food I greatly aided Agitation, and Agitation has had some- j thing to do with the want of food : for continual po-! lilical excitement among a people so cl jsely pressed J for subsistence has no doubt stolen much from the hours of labor of great multitudes. But the scarci ty, if it has muds Ireland more desperate. Ins at the same time made her more helpless. In like manner of the disturbances and violences over the country generally; they sprang partly from wretchedness, partly from that unhappy proncnefs to bloodshed which long national resentments have engendered, partly from the practices of those who thought setting on the population to acts of vengeance and death was the sure means of bringing about Liliera tion, by rousing Rebellion : but disturbance and violence have only deepened the popular misery, by rendering life and property insecure, driving away capital and employment, disheartening the efforts of the humane, and diverting to mea sures of repress ion that public care and those public resources which might else have been bestowed upon plans of amelioration. All these things considered, and the manifest, the ? ascer tained impossibility of Ireland's at present achiev ing her freedom by arms, we are, however reluc tantly, forced to conclude that continued insurrec tion there would be a thing only to l>e deplored ; that pacification is to her the sole means of good ; that the wise and patriotic part for those who love and can influence her is now to address their labors, their skill, and their authority to bringing back the reign of law?first, of any law that may be necessa ry to the protection of life and property, and by-and by of good, mild, and equal laws, such as the pre sent liberal English Ministry would be glad to grant; such as all England, now abundantly warned of the insecurity as well as costliness of all oppressive dominion, will henceforth be wise enough to be' stow. If the fact is, as it seems to be, that Ireland cannot be free, then it is her business to let herself be governed ; for, until she docs, she cannot be well governed. She would now, we believe, be so; and good government?the end for which rations desire to be free?is itself not only almost the same thing as freedom, but is surer than all other things (it lost to bring it about. We proceed next to the affairs of France, and these corlainly look to us unsettled enough, in spite of the coercive quiet which the armed and vigorous dictatorship of Gen. Cavaionac has thus far main tained. Freedom, the re is certainly at present none in France; nor can we see when there is to be any. The Government justifies out of ntcrnnity its military despotism, and the people accept that 1 plea. We ourselves, however, cannot comprehend any such excuse, unless upon the supposition that though it may be true as a fact, it is utterly hollow as a reason that is to be alleged to a people having any pretensions to style themselves a republic. We cannot understand a republic that has to be protected from its own people by martial law and a huge armed force constantly on the alert: the freedom that cannot face discussion in the newspa pers, is a freedom that balks all our conceptions. Apparently it consists in the promise that France bhall be free when she shall cease to wish to canvass the acts of her Government} or rather when, canvass ing them or not, that country of instability and violence shall no longer, among its abandoned par ties and wild opinions, have any one anxious to pull down, for either royalty, or a red republic, or a pure commonwealth, a domination which contents neither the veneration oi legitimacy, nor the idealist* ol the Theorists, nor the rational approval of the Prac tical. It is a freedom in nubibut; offers no secu rity, satisfies nobody except by a momentary post ponement of commotions, which its own arbitrary conduct is the fittest possible thing to excite; and, in short, cannot last. A fresh revolution is obvi ously impending, and that, unhappily, som'* work of violent change, that can as little stand, h or the country swarms with wild notions of excessive liberty or its opposite, and possesses, among all its dangerous factions, none that is capable of master ing the rest, unless for an instant. We see, there fore, for France, uo future but one of confusion, of anarchy succeeding anarchy; nor do we perceive even the melancholy prospect of her at last finding refuge under a master?some strong man like Na poleon. For even his gigantic force of abilities and character could not long save him from over throw. Nothing else than a genius as extraordina ry as his could well pluck her out of her present state ; nor then, perhaps, without a long series of wars, upon the glory )f which to build up for him a boundless authority. And even then peace or a reverse would be fatal to him, and (ling her back into that old cycle of alternate legitimacy and po pular sovereignty, through which she has now, for sixty years, been running, We can reeognise no thing in the character of the nation out of which order or political security can be constituted. Her instincts are all unsound; her imagination full of high but bad traditions, none of tlum those of either regelated liberty or limited kingslip. Her ideas of freedom are mere jacobinism ; hr notions of mo narchy carry that to absolutism in other words, her republicans are Kousscauist* her monarchists divine-rightists. Now, which u these is worst it is hard to tell. Intellectually, hen, shj is as un sound in politics as could well It; wlnle, morally, she is perhaps still wor^e. ler rural population is sunk in ignorance, her civi in the general rage of luxury. The former can tue no intelligent and the latter no patriotic part in pblic questions : for never can there be a sulfide^ body of good citi zens in a country so deepl seiwusl as !? ranee. Add to all this a wide irreligioi and an inveterate na tional taste for military glory And you have a people perhaps as little capable ol ne soberness, the self denial, the moderation, anrthe wisdom that genu ine freedom requires, as iny thnt ever in these modern days suaked m, frm the corrupt visionaries of Geneva and Fernyy. ^he dream of a republic without sense, or more or a God. As to Gen. Cavaiomac, his fall irf be clcse at hand, for his popularity seems to bfliast deserting him. What is to follow one cinnotAen conjecture. Certainly the National As?embljfetill amuses itself and the Public with digesting tj scheme of a republic on paper?a Constitution kjut if they were ever so good architects, plannij magnificent piles is not building them. To bith the midst of a dictator's bivouacked legions andtacy constitutions may, lor Parisians, be a very rat^al diversion : but if they take it for any thing mot solid they deceive them selves pitiably. What fe all the charters in the world?even were they f good as our own?it the people is supine cnou^ or coirupt or foolish enough, to let a chief nfistrute trample with im punity upon every inunit^it of freedom ? We will proceed anotlr day with Italian, Aus trian, and Prussian affairt For we do not choose to count m largely on th^atience of our readers in foreign politics as we pst sometimes do in do mestic. i Hon. Harrison GratDtis.?This gentleman has adJresscu, through th^colurans of the Boston Atlas, a letter to the pe<lc of Massachusetts on the subject of the approapng election lor Presi dent. The veteran statesln, whose menial pow ers remain unimpaired bj the weight of years, takes strong and most unetivocal ground in favor of Gen. Taylor. ?" zrh n A Proiilk.x for " Thi(nion."?For some time past the official orgnnjial/jpropnated, almost daily, a large space in its colifis to unfriendly strictures upon the amount of croensation received by Ge- j neral Taylor for his nflary services. The good sense of the people wifcadily discern one fact in reference to this mattelto wit, that all the money received by the Gcnea has been paid to hiin by the Government in sti conformity with the gen eral system of completion to military officers. The Union doe? not atend that any part ?f it has been paid under the iue of extras, or in compli ance with special MpfatHM* from the General. Now, it is the duty of n Government to take care that not a dollar of the bple's money is paid gway to any body unlawfully wrongfully* or without an equivalent to the pole in service of some kind. Therefore, either Gen.VvLOR lias been justly en titled to every dollar hnas received, or the Gov ernment has been guil of squandering the peo ple's money unlawf?!lyid wrongfully. Now, the largept rate of cornpensan to General Taylor has been awarded within therm of Mr. Polk's admin istration ; under that Aiinistration he has been promoted to the highcKank in the army of the 1 United States ; under t Administration his pay and emoluments have be increased from those of a colonel to those of a tor general. If there is j any thing wrong about money, then the wrong has been done by Mr. >lk's administration, and for it that Administrate is blameable before tha 1 people. '1 he insinuated eensuif the Union, therefore, is ! a tw?>-edgcd weapon, cW more severely into the vitals of the Prkjidknt d his subordinates than ! into those of General T?o?. < hi the other hand, if Administration has done no wrong in the preini? the Union may as well pretermit its attacks uoGcneral Taylor on this j score.?iV. J'. Corn. Atttinir. The American Ministat the Court of Berlin, Mr. Donelson, has opei official communications with the Central Kxecic of Germany, and, in his quality of diplomaticpresentative Of the Uni-! ted States, recognised ihfw Government of that1 . country.?N. V. Erprt I I GEORGIA ELECTION. A Telegraphic despatch from Charleston states that Jamk? S. Calhoun (Whig) is certainly elected in the second district, being a gain to the Whigs of one member. The district is now represented by Mr. Iverson. The fourth dibtrict, at present repre sented by Mr. IIakalhon, is still in doubt. The returns of the popular vote, ho far as re ceived, are favorable to the Whigs. The following are all yet received : . WA'i' majorities. Bryan 10 Chatham 66 Effingham 64 Liberty 40 Monroe. 130 Muacogee 385 Newton S99 Richmond 122 Sumter 140 U|?aon. 180 liemocralic majorities. BaJur .*...225 Bibb 94 Bullock . .320 Crawford 35 Houston t2 Mcltitoxh 23 Meriwether 230 Twiggs .60 1002 % 1426 Comparing the above with the Congressional vote of 1841 (being w ithout the vote of 1846} it shows a Whig guin of about 350; and, compared with the last Presidential election, the gain is about 250. SENATE OF MARYLAND. At the election in Maryland, on Wednesday last, in addition to Sheriffs and Commissioners, seven of the Counties had to choose Senators to the Slate Legislature, to serve for six years, to cupply va cancies occasioned by the expiration ol the term of service of the former incumbents. Of the results of these Senatorial elections we learn that', in Montgomery county, William Lin gan GaitHkk (Whig) is re-elccted; in Prince George's, John D. Bowling is electcd, being a Whig gairi; in Anne Arundel, Edward Hammond is elected, and in Caroline Thomas Turner, both Democrats) to succeed gentlemen of like politics. The other counties having to choose Senators are Charles, Somerset, and Calvert. Iu Somerset there was;ho opposition to John H.Done, (Whig,) and there is no doubt that Charles county has re elected Juin Matthews, also a Whig. Calvert county w*s last represented by a Democrat, and it is uncertain Which party has now obtained the victory. The candilates are Alexander Somerville (Whig) and Danixl Kent, (Democrat.) The Senate last year consisted of thirteen Whigs and eight Democrats. Ii the Democratic candidate has been successful in Calvert county, it will now stand fourteen Whigs and seven Democrats. The full vote given to the several candidates for the office of ^hehiff of the city of Baltimore, on Wedr.usday last, ie as follows : Charles F. Cloud, ) n , C 9,080 John Mitchell, Democrats, J2,12o ] George P. Kane, ) 8,919 Aug. P. Shutt, C Whigs, 597 James Hance, j 890 .11,206 ? 10,106 Democratic majority 800 Norm aw B. Hahdiso (Whig) ha" been elected SLeriii of Frederick county by a majority of from 100 to 500. The Whigs have also citriid a rasjiriiy of the Levy Court. Janes Chew (Whig) has been chosen Sheriff of Prince George's county, Maryland. Haksoji 8. Wf.bh, Whig, is elected Sheriff in Carroll county by a majority o!" 127 vctes. Robkht McGaw, Whig, has been elected Sheriff >n Har ford county by 170 majority. The Locofoco Hheriff is electcd in Cecil county by 30 nt jority. Five Whigs arc elected out of the seven Commis AMERICAN 8TOCKS IN LONDON. The Journal of Commerce of Saturday afternoon has the following: *? Mr. Comos a*'s arrangement for the sale of $5,000,000 of the ne-A f nitcd States loan in London does not appear to have been definitively concluded at the time of the America's departure, though uothing unfavorable had oceu-red. At least, this state of the case is to be inferred from th-J only let ter of his that has been made public to-day. The senior mem ber of the house with which the negotiation was pending was absent from England, and Mr. CoacoitAx him?lf had also gone to France for a few days. He sUll eij>ect* to return in the steamer of the 23d September. Hi* negotiations bad Iieen conducU'd with privacy, and none ot the circulars men tion them , nut do they appear to have become known at all in the moi etary circlca of London. Meanwhile American stork* maintaine d their price*, with a moderate business, but not more so than wi? proportiond to the general dullness of trade. Tiie following are the last quotations : " United Ste.te* 6's, 96J, -tie* and sellers ; New York 6's, 1855 to 1860, 91, buyer*; do. 6's, 18*5, 91 a 95 ; Penn sylvania 6's t?6 a 67 ; Ohio 6'^ I860, t?8 a 89 ; M issachu s? tts sterling, 98, sellers ; Illinois 6's, 3? a 35 ; Maryland sterling, 67 a 68 ? Alabama sterling, 60 ; Kentucky 6's, 88 i TennesHci 6's, 8G ; N>w York city 5's, 80 a 82. " One house write* that they have sold out all the United States 6'? in their hands at 96 J, which is J per cent, abovt. previous sales." The eixpension Bridgre at Niagara Fall* appear* to ^ a aerioua cac-e ot dispute between the people on tbia side and Um Caoadin*. The dispute arise*, w - believe, out of the fact that Mr. Ellrt, the contractor, baa qienod a por tion of the ride to foot passenger*, aad collected tolla which he keep*, alleging that until the bridge ia finished the stock holder! have no right to it. On Saturday qnite a rencontre took place, and clubs atone*, and gun* were um d ; one man had hia bend crushed and was carried from the ground, and a portion of the brii'go wa* torn up ao as to prevent people from crowing. On the American aide the population are very much excited, and there in talk of tearing down the whole structure. CiiUKcn Dkdicatiox.?The haixkortte church edifice, known bj the name of St. Paul's English Lutheran Church, was dedicated laat Sunday to the worship ot Almighty God, { in the presence ol a very crowded and highly respectable con gregation, amongst whom waa lioticed the Presided of the Unitod Ktatca and the Secretary of State. The dedication sermon (an eloquent and inipre*?ive discourse) wa* delivered in the morning by the Rev. Mr. Co**tn, of Hag?r*town. fiie Ho*. Doct. Monai*, of Baltimore, prrarbed in theeven ing an excellent diacotrec to a numeroua congregation. We learn that nearly one thou?and dollar* wa? collected toward* defraying the expand of the building after the morning *er\;cc. Hon. Horacr Ma** hu- resigned the office be has so leng filled of Secretary of the Board of Education of Mawtfcho aetts, and the Board have ciected in hit place K?iv. Bariarar Skar?, now of the Newton Theological Seminary. I)r. Sear* i? a Baptixt, and a roan ol ijroat scholarship, breadth of view*, and energy of character. I>ur,ng a visit made aome year* ago to Germany, he Serame intimately acquainted with tho educational system* of Europe, and hai long l<een diating-iifhed for hia enlightened zeal in behalf of education. Pratt, Pence, and McGowan, the individual* arrested ami indicted for a conspiracy to pa* bill* of the Cheater County Bank, stolen from Dr. l)a, linjton, the President, have Iwen tried at Philadelphia and foond guilty. The verdict waa awaited with much interest, on acc >unt of the extraordinary character and amount of the robbery. Mission. ? Mr. Groank CoLtiMour Bailed from Boaton for Halifax on the 17th ultimo, in hi* beautiful bchooner-rig ged yaeht, the Hrenda, of thirty-*ven tone, with hi* wile, i two children, waiting-maid, atew ard, and boat-keoper. Though several venaela have arrived from Halifax ainoe, and some have gone thither and returned, no tiding* have been received of the Brenda, and it ia feaird *he ha* )>eri?hed at sea, with all on board. She waa a very heavily sparred veaael for her tonnage. < The Electoral Vote op Massac t? et^-.? idle theory has been set all it that the Presidential vole of Massachusetts may be lost by neither of the candidates having a majority, and there being no provision to supply the deficiency in time. The following note from Mr. Wei-.ster sets this notion at rest : Dcstoit, Sr.ptem ii kr 29, 1848. Dkar Sih : There it no difficulty at all in regard to the question propounded in your letter, if thoxe who write about it would first to at the trouble of reading the law, they uiight rave themselves (rouble. The act of Congress providea tliat " when any 8tf?.te shall have held an election for the purpose of chooring eltctorv, and ?hall fail to wake a choice on the day aforesaid, then the elec tors may ho appointed on a subsequent day, in tueb manner as the State shall by law provide." The standing law of Massachusetts does provide that, if the elector* be not chosen by a majority of votes, liey shall be appointed by the I.egifcla;ure. Yours, truly, DANIEL WEBSTER. CHEERING NEWS FROM OHIO. The annexed letter from Mr. Senator CinwiN, who is doing most efficient service for the'Whig cause in his State, was read at a recent Whigimeet ing in Lebanon : Urbana, September 23, 1818. Dear Sir: Having visi'ed a very considerable portion of Ohio, I ?an assure our friends that f very day bringw with it prosperity, which promieef cer tain success to our ticket. The true character of Gen. Taylor is only be ginning to be known to the masses of the people, and I feel confident that his stern integrity, strong good sense, and republican purity will be known and justly valued by the voters of Ohio. It needs only this to make his triumph eertani. Yours, truly, THOS. CORWIN. PRESIDENT POLK vl TEXAS. A curious issue hac been made up out of the Mexican war. Mr. Polk claimed in behalf of Texas (then one of the Stutej of our Union) all the territory east of the Rio Grande. Upon this ''plat form" he ordered the American army to the east batik of that river, thereby. asserting his claim in defiance of a counter-claim set up by Mexico, who maintained that the United States had not lawfully possessed themselves of Texas; and that, even if they had, Texas extended no further west than the Rio Nueces; and beyond that river all was Mexi can soil, which she was resolved to defend at all hazards. Mr. Polk still persisted, however, that all tetween the Nueces and Rio Grande was part and parcel of the State of Texas, and must and should be so. So the war broke out, and Mexico was glad to compromise by surrendering the dispu ted territory to the arms of the United States. Bui now that the territory is no longer in dispute be tween Mexico ind tiie United States, as trustee for Texas, Mr. Polk claims the chief pari of it as pro perty of the United States, and upon the Jfl'.ig ground that Texas had never a bona fide posses sion at any time of any portion of it. Uiifle Sam has possession ; and Texas, not recognising his right.to hold it, is about to send her ofiioerr thither to oust his. Thus we have the spectacle of one set of ofiiee-holdeis arrayed against auotheV set of office-holders. Uncle Sam's boyj, it seems, hive the 14 inses," and have politely admonished the Texan* that their visit may be deemed impertinent *nd intrusive, and rewarded with a dress of tar and feathers. How it is to be beulcd we are a; a loss to imagine.?Norfolk Herald. FkOM MEXICO. Tiie liritisli West India mail steamer arrived at Ship Island on the 26th ultimo, from Vera Cruz, having left there on the 20th. The New Orleans Delta says that the news is of little importance. "All was quiet at the last ' advice* from tl,s capital, and nothmw ?'??? f?r ? transpired tn shake the belief that the present J 4 Government will be able to maintain its position ' .gainst the revolutionary factions who have ai ? tempted its overthrow." The Picayune state* that Don Lets de la Rosa has been nominated to and continued by the Senate as Minister Plenipotentiary io the United States. Senor Pisa y Cdbvai has been appointed Minister of the Treasury. His first act was to appoint a commission to treat of a settlement or arrangement of the national debt. Paredes is still in Mexico, and said to be en deavoring to procure a pardon for himself. It is thought that he will be successful, and wdl not even l>e subjected to the inconvenience of a temporary exile. We learn thai Mr. Senator Benton left this city, on Wednesday morning week.Ibr the West, by way of Virginia, (where he has business.) Hon. Eoward Everett has been selected to de liver the Oration before the New England Society in New York city, and we arc gratified to hear that lie has accepted the appointment. The Whig Convention of the tweiity-third dis irict of New York, composed of the counties of Os wego and Madison, assembled in Syracuse on Tues day, and with perfect unanin.i'y placed in nomi nation the pre?ent able Representative in Congress, lion. Wm. Dukr. Notwithstanding his recent de clension, and hi# earnest wishe* not to return to Congress, it is believed he will accept this nomi nation. Tlic perpetrators of the dastardly outrage com mitted upon the printing offices of the Baltimore i Patriot and Clipper, as stated in our telegraph de spatch of Wednesday night, and every participant in the disgraceful proceedings, should bo held ac countable and punished to the full extent of the law. We have come to a pretty pass indeed, if the freedom of the press, the main bulwark of our lib erties, is to be thus assa'letf on acounl ol dif ference of opinion. We shall have more to say upon this subject; for such outrages arc only what we have been expecting, sooner or later, to remit from the encouragement given by some portion of the piess to ninb* to paraJc ab.iut the streets cheer ing and groaning newspaper oftices. [VuLuitlphia Ijcdipr. Hon. Bknjamin Thompson, of Charlestown, lias been nominated for Congress l>3* the Whigs of the fourth (Middlesex, Sir.) district in Masecchuse'is, whom he fornicrlv represented in ihe same capacity. Mr. 1'alfrky, the present member, addressed a let ter to a delegate to the nominating convention reite rating ih" declaration that lie was a supporter of the Bndalo nominations. A Ma* Shot. ? Patrick Millrr wm ?b<H in Cinrimati on Friiliy I??i, l>y a Uerrrsn named Bernard 8'rutnmri, who mistook the nun for a burglar trying to g?t into his howe. wheii he ?a< only intoxicated and mistook the bousf. He died instantly. ~ \ fireman in the employ of lh- Baltimore and8ut.juflii.ina Railroad Company i.amed Coroegya was Mcriooaty injuad by the cars, neat the Fh>cnii Factory, on Tiiuraday m >ming. One of hi< arm* and leg* were cu. off by th? wheel* ot the car* [awnHt oyer him. Waaxixa toF?mai*b.? It wn? statedai a jury of inqufft that M.?s ?m<ny (who?* rudden death in tho Glo'.ir Mill, at > ewlniryport, w&? mentioned yf?terday) wan in thf habit of chewing large quantities of cloyew, and had been kno*n some times to con -ume an ounce a day. This was no dooM an in Jirect, it not direct can* of her death.?llotton Jjurnal. Fatai AcripKST ATA Rto atta.?-<)n 8*turi!av n;gbt, the 3d inatant, two boata were upset at the Que her Regatta, md several persons drowned. 'Ilie name of Mr. Thv?odorc Martin, a clerk in the firm of Messrs. Pat'eraon, Y.mnj A Do., is mentioned as being among those who perished. THE RALEIGH REGI8TER. Our readers will, we trust, sympathize in Qmt sentiment which induces uh to transfer to our at unins the Address, on its entering upon the fiflMb year of in age, of this comparatively old newvptpeK, now published by our youthful relative and fnn4. Mr. Seaton Gales : rao* T'it liinai hemister or ocroukB 4. We tender u kiud greeting to our patrous. Thin du?i ?? journal en/en upon i!t Jiflieth year. Established i? evening of the eighteenth ccntury, it has prospered onwaual?* ?.his iu aemi-ccntenuiil anniversary, the noon of the teenth. It hue witnessed many changes and recorded vieissiutdes. We love to pore over it* old file* and! a.niJst iia chronicler, and listen to the voice of other ti We behold the political history of our heiov.xl country a tended link by link along their mouldy pages?we traco t earlv progress of our good o! J Commonweulth in Ike ag furrows on their faces. We enter, us it were, into ihe ap pathies, interests, and impulse* of the past. We wetji. instance, over the affecting announcement of the death uf I great Father of hi* Country, and feel the echo of thai that struck a nation to its heart; we experience a patriate pride in studying there the wise counsels of thesa<*ea who pi sided over the youuger destinies of our republic we estA in the burning narrative of our glorioua victories by Land, anft our thrilling achievements upon the deep ; we extend, iu tmm ginatiou, the right hand of cordial welcome to L*PAXKra4? the friend of li'uerty ; we foiesliadow, finally, in the itwptriae succession of incideiits that havo characterized our natjvwaM career, the glowing prospect of a country ever free, great, and good 1 Amid all such mutations around, this paper has ehongciif but in a solitary respect. Founded as an experiment, at m period when newspapers were but feebly supported; rt law grown up to the maturity and *ignr of years, favored by m moat liberal end extensive patronage. But "circling qvT lind it still the same in the advocacy of the truo conaemfian principles of our Government?the principles of republican t**n We have the honored names on our books of many who has*, stood by the " Register" fjr more than a third of n ee .dcrj, and to them we appeal for evidence a* to the con&istcnrj mmC. singleness of purpose wilh which its iirst-avor. cd docftam* have been sustained. It has alwsvi been conducted, tin*, under the auspicejof tuesamo family, having been e.-taWI im!' in October, 1799, by tho grandfather of the present ediUsc Th3"laboi of love" is now devotedfto its further pacareo tion?a labor incited by the memory of those wbt> hava Untmef well mid faithfully at it3 helm, and by the lxigfc aMoeiafuuw <>f other t'ays. With your fjil*earance and aid, kind n. wc shall endeavor to render our sheet full woriuy at eitr ai your conlidcnce and esteem. The New York Courier has a letter fro in Monte j viueo, under date of August 3d, which says : | " The United States ship Alleghany, ' hall horse, half aliigttor,' (!?ing a sailing ship or steamer,) arrived ham tm the 14th ultimo, and after remaining until the 23d, she pro ceeded to bueuoa Ayreu. Tlio fact of her having been luafc in our rich and glorious Western country, some twenty-6 v* hundred miles from the ocean, has excited great interest henr* and more particularly so, as her stean auxiliary is uponew a>:d ingenious invention of her scientific commander, Cap tour* Hcsrrtii. I purpose in my next to furnish you with a da tailed account of this ' Western Prodigy,' and her qua/uiac I will merely say for the present that the vertical proyetfciv nine feet below the surface of the water, fully meets the mmaC sanguine expectations of tho inventor, her comrnaxjJer, in 'Jts action and effect." Distance from the United States to Eno land.?The distance sailed by the Atlantic ste-ans eis is as follows : li t/ Mereafnr's nai/ing. Boston tl ck to Liverpool dock 2,8?3 Battery (N. Y.)to Liverpool Jock 8,084 44 UuKtnu dock lo Southampton dock 2,882 " Battery (N. V.) lo Southampton dock. .3,156 " liy Merer far and Grtat Circle. Boston dock to Liverpool dork 2,849 " Battery (N. V.) to Liverpool dock 3,023 ?* B rmton ilocU "? SoUtHttmpton 2,819 u IJattere (Pf. Y.) to Houlhimpton ilocfc. '* Geobsk M. Phillip*, Esq., of thin city, has re?*?vo?f from Governor Jihuoj, of Pennsylvania, the appoirL^nrri' of C JCiini*MOT*cr in and for the District of Coluaibta, totdkr the acknowledgment of deed* and father instrurnnt* of wit iti_{ to be used arid recorded in the State of Pennsylvania. Sjtow.?A gentleman from Rivor Wclla, 'weuty tragac* 1*1 >w Qufbtr, informs us '.hat sinro laut Thursday if* a**- % curd ra..ge of mouritciro< on the north fide of the f*. Lcw re:ire were quite covered with snow ; it must lie about & foul deej).?Mont real 11 ere Id. The A< apia'h Mails Left.?The storm on Long IsbnA Sound on Tuesday night was very severe. The Coonecfkaft with the steamer's mail arrived at Boston at 12 20 P. M. Tba British mail steamer Acadia sailed at 12 M ; ron*>4nex?tlj^ the whole mail was left behind. Ciiuhakts to Wests** Viruiaia.?The Wioche*w Virginian -tate.- that large numbers of emigrant* have paaad through that town within a month put, principally boawl tm that nobl ? region. Western and Northwestern Virginia. Tkrt country is advancing ut a giant ;>rce. New towns arc rung unJ old foieau are falling in almost every part of it. The Newburypirt Ilarald remarks that the nxwftiJfy k Boston during the past summer haa been much greate; ihsca :t New York. In Booton the deaths have been about one Na? dred a week, and in New York about two hunJrrd and fflju The population of Bottion is about 125,000, and of N?aa York about 42.*>,000. The venerable Harbiwix Gaar Otis, in his Setter to tor People of Massachusetts, illustrates tbe clainm of the FrwfteS Van Buren party to the retention of the name of Whigs* ty the following quotation, which Edmund Burke J id not diadaar to adopt on a aumewhat anal.>gous occasion : " Whit though that flattering tapster Thomas. Hang* a new ante! two ddora from, us, A* bright as paint an<' gold can make it,. Thinking acne stranger may mistake it, I think it both a rhame and sin, To quit the good old Angd-tnn." UxivEKttLMT Co^vestio*.?The Grnvral Connntis* of tlx* Univerbilist Church met at Hartford (Connecticut) <Kr the 20th of September, anJ contin-ied in eesaion f>nr days The meeting ia represented to have been well aiUn.1*', v+ty harmonious an<l of the moot pleasing charm-*. TYo cao ventioa adjourned to meet in Cincinnati, Ohio, on the tknii Wednesday an J Thursday ia September, 184'J. The ahip htnnin'fr, lately crunmnnjeri by Capt. CoavLit*. -iiileO (rem New Bedford, Jane 24th, for the Pacific CV**o? ami retrrned Sfptemli-r -10th, In con*?*qnen'X' of the f.*? rf Ler Capinin, who met hia death on the 1st of ^eptemta-'f jb (!m following (insular manner: ."Capain C. wo* i-.T?'ai(? on the quai'er deck leaning over the roil, when a :nsm rt? ployed upon th<- mirzen tcp-aeil yard misled hi* bold i*?i fcB up >n the back of Captain , rajurirg him so acTereh i?9r? nallv that he survived the acciden* only about eight h^Ana. The man eacaped with only a alight wound on the arta."" Mr. Wm. T. F?*o*, of Uoeton, late United Niatea a?W storekeeper a Pott Prnya, tock poasjge in the l^ncoalcr ion itome, ami died on Wednesday la*t. Enctm' "Pcblic ?A. Van Wonw% m lawyer at SI. C'liailes, K*ne cojnty, liiinoi*, wm recertify ?*rrcd and fnath^red, ai.d :hen ordered to leave the * ilk**,** a gbiig of persons who charged him with getting up uaafcw lawsuit*. A'Hraltut Villa"*.?The first death withir. lb? la*: ?i? month* on the Natiiui Manufacturing Corporation, numtrnrir 1,000 peraor.a, occurred last week. It was the case of ? ymaw lady who died of consumption. Powimn Mill E*rLOMo*.--The gaining mill of it" t Messrs. Hazards' powder works at Knfield, Coniectjenf, ti> plodsd with a trrmendnua report aVout half-part 9 o'wMi Sunday evening. The mill waa in operation, but ao f?tuaai waa in it at the time. The amount of lo?a cauW.la *mr great- _ Tmi Patt B or a Kiaa.?A young man in '.W Hirer wwm fined three dollars ami coat* lor ktasintr a y.?rur lady io 0M street. Tne charge is only a dollar here, \j jft,* '.** ,W;? ? k but perhape the Pall River damsel w ?? :hr prcttieat, wkadt make* all the difference.?Piwidt/tct JuurnaJ