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WASHINGTON: SATURDAY, MAY 10, 1861 THE tTEEKLY NATWNAL INTELLIGENCER. Thei*jbacription prim df this paper for a year is Taaia Dollaes, payable in advance. ? Par the long Seesiims of Congress, (averaging eight months,) the price will be Two Dollass ; for the short Sessions Om Omuk per copy. A reduction of 20 .par cent, (or one-fifth of tbefalt charge) ?Will be made to any ene who shall order and pay lor, at one time, five copies dS the Weekly paper; andalike reduction ?f 85 per cent, (or one-fourth of the ftfll charge) to any one who will onferanttpay for at one time ten or mere copies. No aecountt being kept for this paper, it will not be for warded to any on unless paid for in advance, nor aent ?ny longer than the time for which it 'is so paid. FROMGCR LONDON CORRESPONDENT Londok, ApiOl 17, 1851. It is gratifying to find that the view which we took some weeks ago etf the progress made fey Eng land during the first half of the present century is more than borne oat by the leading article in the Edinburgh heview for the 1st of April. The wri ter goes fnrther titan we ventured to do, but he brings figures to enpporthis assertions. Concern ing die consumption df articles of general use, be meim the fallowing Element: Frem 1843 to ISMth* population Increased about It pec oect. The consumption Ofceolton increased. *. .41 per cent. Wool increased ,..64 do. Silk 46 do. Hemp da..-....., 80 do. Flax 4o..>... 61 do. Tobacco <do... ...25 do. Tea do . .....38 do. Foreign spirits do 53 do. Sugar do. 60 do. That the (poorer Masses fcave fully shared in Hhe ??progress of -events *nd the improvement of condi tion which this statement evidenecs, is clear from the faet that, whilst a-quarter Of a century age travelling Mby railroad was almost unknown, th* returns for T840 show the following results: PastcKgert. Receipts. First dares-Ctrl ;7,S9*,?11 ?l,m,7? Second <J less . .23,58l,?60 2,580,90* Third clasa. 32,89?;:J23 1,8M,47< Thus <rt-appears that the poorer classes travelled by railway <ra 18f9 -to the number of nearly 33,600)900, -and afforded to spend by so doing more than y&l,760{00?. They outnumbered the middle classes in the proportion of four to three^ and the wealthier classes in the proportion of foui and ahqlf to one. lAdd to this fact the astound ing ones that the poorer classes hare now J038',000,000 of their earnings in saving's banks anc friendly societies where in 1900 they had not a far thing; that the fundholders who receive dividends not exceeding ?5 have increased since 1831 front J@88;I70 to je06',415; that those not exceeding j?10 have also increased, whilst all from ?50 t< *?2j000 hare materially diminished ; that the num 'bers of assessments to the income tax have increas 'ed-rery much the most upon the smaller incomes and1 that-the probate duty has increased the mos <upon the -smaller estates. Excuse one statemen more?it is in relation to the earnings of a apinnei <of cotton-yarn: Weekly Pounds of Pounds of Hours o earnings., flour he eould flesh meat. work. > purchase. In 1804 324 fid. 117 62 74 'In 1833 42 9 267 85 69 In 1850 .40 320 85 60 The reviewer then goes on in a triumphant strain singing praises to the genius of free-trade, and show ing how thp. working, classes ha.ve been relieve* from the burden of taxation. The Parliamentary proceedings during the weel have not been important. The window tax ha been abolished, and a small house duty substituted when the annual value exceeds ?20. The coJTe? duties have been equalized and reduced, and th< duty on foreign timber reduced one-half. Mr. Ao derldy moved, on the 15th, for the appointment o a commi$sion to proceed to South Africa, to in -quire into the best mode of adjusting the relation! between England and the Kaffir tribes. Lord Joh* Russell moved, as an amendment, that a sdec, committee of the-House of Commons be appointee to make such inquiry. This amendment was car ried by a vote of 128 to 60. Parliament adjournsc for the Easter holydays on the 15th, and will -re assemble on the 28 th. The second reading of the income tax bill is fixed for that evening; the Jews' disabilities bill will be brought forward on the 2d fMay. The ^Ecclesiastical titles bill will be discuss ed on the 4th May. Bishop Phillpots will nol let this annoying question rest. He has addressed a letter to his?lergy, in which he, in so many words, denies the royal supremacy in ecclesiastical mat ters, and announces his intention of refusing indue . lion into benefices of all clergymen holding opinions on the subjeet of baptism similar to those of Mr. Gorham, though the law of the land has declared that they are entitled to such induction. Bishof Phillpots declares -?? popular Protestanism" to be *' far more pernicious than Romanism itself;" and states his determination to hold a synod of his clergy in the eafcedral church of Exeter; he has issued summons for such ?y nod, and proclaims thai no definite resolution which the synod agrees to is to be adopted without -his episcopal concurrence. Mr. Hume, in alktdtng to this proceeding, in the House of Commons, said, " Was not the Queen 4 held to be supreme in ecclesiastical matters ? Ii 4 seems we are going to have a clerical parliament 4 at Exeter; orders had gone out lor it: a very bad 4 example to be followed. He hoped the noble lord 4 (Lord J. Russell) would exercise the power ol 4 the Crown in reference to the matter to which he 4 had referred." The Bishop of Exeter's an nouncement will bring matters to a crisis between the Crown of England and himself. The Daily News says: " The principle that runs through and directs and governi Bishop Phillpot's letter to Ms clergy, and this proposition tc hold a synod, is simply lebellion?rebellion clothed in anti quarian research, and draped in pretensions of ecclesiastical freedom; but not the leas rebellions in principle because ad vanced hi the name of religion and on behalf of what is call ed the liberty of the church. The royal prerogative over ih? ehurch of England?the supremacy of the sovereigns of this realm in affairs ecclesiastical?is, rightly and properly and philosophically considered, one of the most precious inheri tances of the people of England, and will continue so as long as they have a State church." The good citizens of London (that is of the city proper) take the rejecting vote of the House of Commons, relative to their proposed improvemenl of Smithfieid market, in great dudgeon. Lord John Russell need not look for any more municipal honor at their hands; a fact which he is no doubt aware of, and braves the consequences of their dis pleasure. An idea is daily gaining ground that a live cattle market will not be continued in or near London. Certainly such a market in the heart of the metropolis will be done away with. It is now a well-established fact that London is every week receiving an increased quantity of meat from the Provinces, and a diminished proportion of live eat tle. Carcasses of meat are now brought even from Aberdeen, Leith, Ac. The facilities for the trans mission of the article art every day increasing, and it hu become a seriously mooted question whether it would not be wise to fall in with the course of natvre, and encourage the tendency to procure the whole of the supply in a slaughtered state. The business of the Great Exhibition goes on well; no doubt is entertained respecting its being opened on the 1st of May. Her Majesty has de termined to inaugurate the commencement by a Royal 8tate pageant, the particulars of which have not yet been arranged. Some of the paper* of tbia morning expreaa dis satisfaction at the arrangement which has been made, by which only the Royal'Commissioners, the Diplomatic Body, the members of the 'Government and af the Royal House hold, are to "be admitted with the Queen. Wa know not what reasons have led to this decision, but we ihiok that every exertion should have been deed and care taken to popatarice the'inauguration, instead of*fhus making it a mere privileged and alooat private aflair. In fact, it is baldly keeping .good faith with the 8,600 purchasers of seasontick eta, who understood that the possession of such tickets would I entitle-them to<admission whenever'the building was opened. A shelter is mm sought for this ^alteration, by calling the "Qneeri's visit a private inspection, such as she always takes of the Royal- Exhibition, dcc-, and that the season tiekeu en , tOrnimmioo oatf when ihe'baUding ie open to tbeptii ! Wa ara vrilUng to bslisas 4ato.4i oMeet and occu pying thought of the Comnissieaera was to give her Majesty an anincumbsred and convenient view oithe BzhMtton ; but we think they have made? mistake, and robbed the com mencement of this great national affair of much of its interact and its sppsopirate characteristics. The building will hold fsrty ('thousand persons, and the admission of the eight thousand holders of season tickets would hsve kept good faith with 'them and with the public, without inconveniencing the Royal |>party,*ai)d we are quite sure-without any annoyance to ibem. The holders of season tickets are to be admitted on the'1st of May, at' 1 o'clock. On subsequent days the Exhibition will Open.at ten o'clock and -close at six. The Foreign Commis sioners were introduced to Prince Albikt on Monday; Mr. Rinots was introduced*as the Commissioner from the United I States ?, he wss accompanied by Mr. 8t. John, of'Buffalo. The act for the protection of inventions came into force on the |'l 1th-instant. It provides that the proprietors of new in ventions are to be allowed to exhibit them witbcut preju dice to letters patent to be thereafter granted. All inventions before exhibition are (to be provisionally registered, -and not to be used before the granting ofcfetters patent. Great prepara tions are being made to receive 3,600 of the National Guard, [?who are expected to arrive in a body from Paris on the morning of the Queen's birthday, the 31at of May. Appli I cation has been made-to the Horse Guards to permit the state band of the Royal Horse Guards to escort them into the me tropolis, from the New Cross railway station. The number ?of packages which had been received at the building up to pSaturday lsst wss, independent of British, which had not ? varied materially from the preceding week : Colonial ... 1,114 Channel Islands .. _ 31 Foreign 8,450 Total 9,695 Of the foreign ?23 are from Belgium, 226 from China, J 2,678 from France, 564 from Austria, 1,043 from Prussia, 105 from Portugal, 250 from Russia, 225 from Holland, 863 from the United States, 149 from Switzerland, 226 from Spain, 202 from Tunis, 142 from Sjxony, 188 from Wirt emburg, 352 from other parts of Germany, 88 from Sweden, Norway, and Denmark, 18 from Greece, 20* from Italy, 1C from Mexico and South America; only one peeksge baa yel been received from Tuikey. The Ottoman steam frigate ii expected every day at, Southampton, with upwards of 50C packages of most costly srticies on board, and a number 0! Turks of high rank. Of the Colonial goods Australasia sendi JI 121 packages, Ceylon 9, the North American provinces 380, the Weal Indies 47, the Cspe of Good Hope 86, Hoag Kos#l?, India-446, and Malu 49. In the Literary worli we have a very pleasing poem, Bel gravia,, from the pen of Mrs. Nohtow, and Ibis lady alsc advertises a ae?7 novel, Dunleath ; several other novels, by authors of eminence, are announced. "The Saxon in Ire land, or the Rambles of an Englishman in search of a 8ettle I ment in the West of Ireland," is a very iatereating and well timed publication, intended to direct the attention of persona looking out for investments or for new settlements to the vael capabilities of the sister Island. It proves that the unfortunate prejudices sgsinst Ireland are founded, for the most part, in ignorance. The Edinburgh Review contains, as usual, a number of very interesting articlea: the subjects are, " Eng ' 'end as it is, The Sslmon Fisheries, Soutboy's Life and 4 Correspondence, Lamaoism in Tartary and Thibet, Works 4 of M. Cousin, Spain and Spanish Politics, Shall we retain ' our Colonies ? The Defeat of Italy, and Ultramontane ?* Doubts." I he production of Massaniello at her Majesty's theatre hss proved that Mr. Lumley's company is very strongly re enforced-by new operatic performers, whilst the ballet inci dental to the piece is-said to have been most consummately beautiful. The Italian opera at Covent Garden is also win ning golden opinione .every night of performance 4 and the Haymarket, the Princesses, Saddler's Wells, the Adclpbi, and Olympic theatres are exhibiting and preparing many novelties, and sharing a full proportion of public fsvor. Among scientific and mechanical improvements may be men tioned an "absolute safety valve," invented by Mr. James Naamyth, which effectually remedies all tbe'objections to the " vahres sow in use, and which is so contrived that it cannot be tahipered with." Among the on dits of fashionable life is the rumor that Miss Tauot, the young lady whose case has lately excited so much attention, is about to be married to Lord Edwabb How abb, second son to the Duke of Norfolk. This young beiaess mixes agsin with the gay world, and was at the Countess of Jersey's soiree the other night with the Countess Newburgh, under whose care she has been placed by Lord Chancellor Truro. The Bank of England returns exhibit a diminution af ?339,523 in ballion, and an increase of circulation, amount ?1*7,466, during the week. Tbe bullion is now ?13*906,656, and the circulation ?28,161,017. The consol market was yesterday operated upon by many causes?such as the drain of bullion from the bank, the probable ?r (be rate or interest, the war in Portugal, tbe decline in the French funds, the unsettled stale of French politics, snd the uneasy condition of almost all the Governmental administrations from London and LUbon to Berlin and Vienns ; la spite of all these bug bears, however, the market cloeed firmly. The Times news psper is s graat fomenter of these disturbing, but often very ridiculous, rumors < and, when it can find nothing better to build one upon, it quotes a column from tbe New York He rald I It really scarcely seems to know that there is any other newspsper published in the United 8tates. One week the Times gives its readers what other English papers call an " Ameiicsn Fable for the Exhibition," and speaks of an En glish revolution as about to come off, in which Red Republi cans and Socialists of France are to unite with brother disci ples from Germsny, and Irish Repealers, and English Chsrt ists, snd "American double-distilled philosophers and reform ers, and bring about a great explosion in London"?" Liver pool, Lancashire, snd Wsles sre to constitute tbe nacleus of s new republic. A line of steamere is to be immediately started from Liverpool to Charleston," dcc. All this is said to be staled in a confidential communication received by the j New York Herald from Liverpool, and the nerves of tbe timid and weak are operated upon by the terrific disclosure. Again, on ths 16th, the Times quotes " An American View of English Polities" from tbe New York Herald. In this j erticls England is stated to be "In sn swkwsrd predicsment, ?ey? before months e la pes, be tbe very focus of an st ?mpt at revolution that will ahake tbe whole continent of urope. A union between Catholics, Reformers, and Ra dicals, and the whole mors^at party in England, backed by tens of thousands of ths mo?t unruly and restless people of France, Italy, and Germany, "and crowds of Irish revoln ' tioaisU from Ike United 8iate?," will be formed for revolu tionary parpoaea in London. "8?ch a Union, if properly and understanding!? managed and conducted, would put tbe whole of England and ail Europe in an uproar, and destroy every Government therein in leaa than a year." Neatly a oolumn of auch traah, mixed up with peraonal allusion* to seJ apecuble American citiaeas, ia quoted by the Tima from the I Herald, and read, and wondered at, and believed by thou aanda Of credulous people on this aide of the water ! Out, seriously speaking, it ia high time that this mode of commu nicating " American wews at English politics" should bo corrected i it ia an anwortby representation of the farmer, and a derogatory and mischievous mode of commenting upon the latter % and it is more than-suspected that tbe Times persists in It btcauu its conductors know that it ia so. But to return to maUors of bueinees. Tbe statement of tbe Bank of Fiance, (or tbe week which ended April iOtb, givaa | 'be following results : Bullion ?21,856,024 Increase ?72,416 Bullion on deposits.. 104,826 Decrease 282 Circulation.......... 21,309,189 Increase 85,318 Public depositee 3,520,644 Decrease 45,177 Private depositee.... 4,411,186 Decrease 10,326 Bills dieeowted.?.... 4,826,097 Decrease 116,675 pn."s&amwvTi. thought, after the preeent week, that gold is more likely to return from the con tinent than to go there. Tbe corn trade ie without further improvement. The cause of protection has gained a convert of no leu consequence than 8ir E. Bcx<w*a Ltttoh, whd has published "Letters to John Bull, <Eiq.t on affairs eon-j nected with hie landed property, and the persons who hvq thereon." In'this publication the author gives "hiaasau-l ranee, upon hia honor as a man and a gentleman," that the public ia very adverse to free trade. Thus two of our princi pal leaders in the world of fiction, two wholesale dealers id the poetical and the romantic?8tr E. Bclwir Ltttoh and BBHJixrwlD'IsaAtLi, Esq.?have united their forces to deaj in the moat'romantic of all fictions, that the happineas of the mass of mankind ia better promoted by eating dear bread than cheap. IVoA pudor ! The farmers, of course, complain ol the existing price of grain, and we do not wonder at tbeii doing aov nevertheless, wheat is dearer now than it was but year at this time, though the quality ia very inferior; and cat* and rye are considerably dearer. The Economist aaye "the farmers have obviously passed the worat." Certainly, when we remember that the average price of wheat, for the firat ten yeara of the present century, waa ~83s. 6d. per quarter, whilst for the last ten years it has been only 53s. 4d., we rauet ad mit that the agriculturist has experienced a great change ; but we are told that even the latter price is a remunerative one in average aeasona. The colonial produce market oontinaes dull ^ sugar is, howeVer, firm, and coffee a shade better. 'Tea without variation. Very little doing in rice, spices, cor neal, oils, linseed, hemp, or tallow. Metals of all kinds wkh out change. The cotton market at Liverpool is heavy, knd aales small. The price of cotton in India had declined stacc lastquotations. The new cscp ia called " good and clear t" If we turn from thia long aurvey of thinga at home ito a ahor: glance at thinga abroad, we shall find our neighbor France interesting for her peace and prosperity. We jrunt she will continue in this position, now that she has changed hervMiniatry of transition for one of an intended permanent character. Thia new Cabinet, containing, as it does, three leading men of an Administration previously condemned by a vote of censure in the Assembly, waa not likely to be very cordially received by that Assembly ? and M. Saxmvb-Beutk called up the recollection of that vote, and moved that toe new Administration had net the confidence of the Legislature. Thia motion was lost; and the now Ministry anpportcd, by a vote of 327 against 275. The Paris papers ef Wednesday mention a ge neral belief that M. Faucher is about to issue a circular to the prefects, directing them to convole the Municipal Councils with a view of eliciting a vote on the revision of the constitution. A cenas of cattle is ordered to be taken throughout Franc, simultaneously with die census of the populaiitp, which is taken every five years, and is now <itie. The receipts on customs and excise for the first quarter of the present year exceed those of foe corresponding quarter of 1850 by*7,425,000 fraias. The payments into the Paris Savings' Bank bn Monday amounted to 589,745 francs; the suns withdrawn to 296,685 francs. The elections for the new Spanish Cortes w|l take place on the 10th of May, and the Chamb^ be convoked on the 2d of June. The result is ej pected to be favorable to Ministers. The Marqui of Miraflores is spoken of as Minister for Foreigi Affairs. The funds have risen at Madrid, unde an impression that the Ministry will ask the nen Chamber for a bill to adjust the public debt. Portugal furnishes, for once, a stirring incidenlj of news in the shape of a revolution, headed by Saldanha, who was, at the commencement of thft movement, at the head of about 5,000 troops. The Duke of Saldanha has long been known to be at direct hostility with his brother, Costa Cabral, the Count de Thomar, and his revolutionary movement is not so much directed 8gainst the Queen and reigning dynasty as against the unpopular Minister.^ It is said that the Count de Antas and other chiefs, of the Oporto junta have joined the Duke with all their partisans. The King, with the Duke of Ter ceira and 1,200 men, had started to occupy the im-j portant position of Santarem ; but Saldanha was' expected to get the place in his possession before they could arrive. The Cortes had adjourned un til the 2d of June. The British squadron was still in the Tsgus, but would not interfere in the affair. It is thought probable that the greater part of the troops out of Lisbon will at once join the revolu tionary chief. The fidelity of the garrison of Lis bon, consisting of 4,000 men, is doubtful, and the 1,200 Lisbon men taken by the King towards San tarftm ??* more than likely to go over to the Duke of Saldanha's force. The affair may soon be brought to a close if the Queen does not abide by the Count of Thomar, or if no considerable portion of the troops support the Government. The Count de Thomar possesses no claim to the favorable con sideration of England, for he has constantly thrown his influence over the Court in the direction most opposed to her interests. S^ain will remain neu tral in this strife. A new Freneh Minister adverse to Thomar is on his way to Lisbon, and Lord Pal merston has notified the Portuguese Chargl d'Af faires that the next British representative at his Court would be 8ir William Parker and his fleet. It might be that his lordship was only joking, but j it is said the Queen of Portugal took the observa-' tion in earnest, and addressed a letter to Queen Victoria, remonstrating against Lord Palmerston's threats to use power in compelling a settlement of the long pending English claims. The Count de Thomar has also quarrelled with the Pope's Nun cio. In fact, the entire Corps Diplomatique pre sents a hostile attitude towards the unfortunate Minister; and with his own forces unfaithful, and all assistance from England, France, and Spain withheld, we do not see what he can do but yield to circumstances, and abandon the conflict. There is very little news from Italy. Great J anxiety prevails at Rom as to tbe final result of the English "Ecclesiastical Title Bill.*' It is as serted that ecclesiastics of rank now begin to regret that the question was em mooted, and fear that thev will lose more by it in a political point of " ' than they will gain in a religious one. he German question will probably settle down te restoration of the old Diet, and this m<*je jiving it has certainly one great and palpable fantage. It is consonant to the treaties existing .bother States, and seems agreeable to the views their Governments. The Anglo-French protest ainst the admission of the entire Austrian Em re into the Bund appears to have excited some ovement in the Russian Cabinet. Russia is said rest no objection to the incorporation, but that present circumstances should not be t of consideration. The Russian Cabinet to wmain firm to its own purposes, nor suf Vfto be diverted from them by foreign con Mus. Under present circumstances Russia Austria to abstain from urging the admis all her provinces into the Bund, and to with Prussia's demand for a return to the Bat for this it is thought that Austria have yielded on these two points, or even iy on the first. Vienna letters of the 8tb that the a*my in Italy i? to be increaa ? men. The Oth division, now at into Itahr. Rumors aft Berlin; the ysiwpi | French ambassadors had both signified *5etr inten tion of withdrawing from the Frankfort Die i Austrian annexation scheme was proceeded in. The reply to the last Prussian note to the Austrian Cabinet had been received by the former, and was considered as quite satisfactory, and a return to the old confederation appears to be agreed upon by all ^ A g^d understanding tgain subsists between the Porte and Egypt. A stir is again VtMm establishing a more certaia and convenient cornmu Anication between Alexainiria and C^?'a^ J^r0? FtCairo to Suez. A railroid if proposed between \he former places, respecting which a letter from Alexandria says: f?u and Maryout an p ^,1 which fcrtilixee make, but it will find an inconvenience qui*. Europe. .04 te d.0 bwwbahladftt? Tb. comminic.tion coutd be .ometimM m ly, by the interposition of alkys of tree*. SSy Iroold .pp"t w P'~?' J?*1" ; inu>ndence of the whole way ? he baa bad inns erected at | suUable distances, where rahy. of ho^ c^ pro W and above at, water, are found in abundance. At s?w? Wo,ubl. bocl i. lo ? tad, kta by M. Coulomb,^ I native of frovence, and formerly head cook to Mebemet AH Tba? ?? al*o ? very good hotel at Alexandria, and an other at Cmro." pwpacting the communication between Cairo and Suex the tame letter saya t J i? j, (hit distance to be ereaaed by a canal. 8uch tb? eailieat time. the dream of all (aunuwiea , . fc. j .u_ trace of a canal, which ex ! to 'be M?ditemo.?n?i. rtll , ^ T.otti? Philippe, three cummiseions of engineers one of Auatriaoa, one of French, and a third of hnglts were fa^tSmine the ^ Nothing came of their .urveys, probably on account of the iealouef exiting between these different corps. Mr- Stephen sre ess?-s Nile, at Memphis. B^ ?c^ordlDfhir feet hi her ,h.n the ?:s on.bi. make a railway, , urn TeMela on the railway, 2CS Uunch^hem intoAe water, on the others There is a rumor from the Cape of Good Hope that Sir Harry Smith had defeatedI the ^8?? baaaador to England last year, h>d narro? y e.c?p ed from a plot laid by some of his relations an rivals in the Durbar for his assassination. Pici Ibrahim Sahib Bahadour, the RchaweetDOor, is now on his way to Europ ?.!,TS o , and the Peninsular and Orient. Great Exhibition additional steamboat ?0,T.7?i,eviof persona from India to Eng for the conveyan F iuauie and extensive ''1? or'hac?d C beeo dUcovered at Motanao. Zl forty miles north of Port Cooper, on the eaa? coast of the SouthernIsland0fNF.?^?L?N The seam is .boat > mtl? and a h<dfloi*,^e.Ji. teen to thirty-six inches in thickness, l nis ois covery will be of great value to the colony. April 18. T.;. ? Oooj Friday, and there is a general pause in buai , llS. The stock market closed last night for the Zethl ai. Consols cloaed at 971 for money, and 97f f t unt The prices of stocks on the Parts Bourse at thedL last night, were 5 per ct?. 92f- 25 c., 3 per cts. 57f. B^ ,^from?t?he Continent is contradictory ?"?F" _ V, l/&irp. A council of Ministers is said to have been SnTpSTon Wwlneaday, to deliberate on the aenoua J!,lion of the entrance of Austria, with all her States, into ?he Germanic Confederation, a proceeding which Austria has . ?.7i? abandoned. The French Government de x renew it. proteata on the .uhjecW but without depart ing from the moderate policy which it had adoptft! in wneert -Uh England. On the olhei hand, lettera from Berlin, Til 15 h, atate that ? the quertion of the incorporation of the non-German Btates it has been deemed prudent by Aus f,e "" Mlde for a time." It >? very difficult to come to The newa from the Cape of Good Hope in rela .#ti0D to the Kaffir war, is altogether unimportant; but, so far ? it goe?, it shows that the insurgents hare the wor* of i FROM OUR PARIS CORRESPONDENT. Paris, April 17, 1851. The National Assemhly adjourned on Tuesday last for the Easter holydaya. It will meet again on the 24th?next Thursday. Prevl?u, ^? 'e a,Hournment it gave no index other than that gath 5 from the debate on the 11th of its mtenuons with regard to the new Ministry. You may pro tably h??e received by Telegraphic deap.leh (for-1 wanted from Pari, on the l?th, after the oloeing of L mail by which my letter waa eenl) an an nouncementnf the name, of the new Parliament^ Ministers. It met in the Assembly on the 11th, i then in the press, a cold but not poai E?'i ?? ihe'uh ,he new Miniater ofthe Inwior. M. La<? Farema, who is the leading member of the new Cabinet, took the tribune and read the little stereotyped speech by which all new Ministers profess their attach J1160't0 ^e country, their lore of order, and respect lor the law, in which they intended to persist them selves, and to make others persist. He trusted that to this end he would be supported by the con currence of the Assemby, and by the sympathy of the country. The moment that he descended from the tribune M. Sainte-Beuve, the mover of the famous resolution known by his name, passed on the 18?h January, took his place, and, calling the attention of the Assembly to the fact that the new Ministry was composed of the most important and influential of the members of the Cabinet struck at by the resolution of 18th January, he declared "that in the parliamentary history of France and Europe it was impossible to find an instance of ? such an audacious defiance thrown at a great As ? sembly He continued: " The men who com pose the Cabinet now before you are the men you had before you on the 18th January last, iheir policy is the same. Their opinions are the same. Their tendencies are the same." And ne concluded bv moving the same resolution that was then passed, via i ?J! P*rt**u in its r??olulion of the which is that conceived : Ttn, t- iiminy-tip elifaiwhs* It W not confidence in the Ministiy, and panes fo the order of tbe day." M. SAiNTE.UiwE certainly had logic, consist ency, reason, on his side. The Miofctry of the 10th of April was less acceptable, and more ob noxious to all the reproaches whieh prevailed against it than the Ministry overthrown by the vote of January. MM. Baroche, Rouher, and Fould were back again in person, fortified by Leon Faucher, whose political tendencies in the same direction were equally unequivocal, who is a man of more ability perhaps than any of his colleagues, and who had himself, Minister of M. Bonaparte the 15th May, 1849, been struck by the Constitu ent Assembly with an almost unanimous vote of censure (519 to 5) for a ministerial act of the same character with those reprobated by the vote of January. It is impossible to conceive how the majority of 18th January could have refused to revotethe Sainte-Beuve resolution. But they did so refuse. Some eighty members, mostly of the j Legitimist party, refused to vote. The result was a rejection of Sainte-Beuve's resolution, and the passage of the order of the pure and simple by a vote of 327 to 275. Berryer, Jules Lasteyrie, Thiers, Lanjuinais, Changarnier, Dufaure, Duver gier de Hauranne, Lamartine, de Maleville, Remu sat, Larochejaquelein were in the list of those who refused to vote. The whole Left, with a few con sistent individuals of the Right, persisted in the censure of 18ih January. The position of parties Presen* mo,nent in the House is extremely difficult to define. Question", however, will very shortly come up that will make it more distinct. There are signs that the fear of the triumph of the Democrats has operated a temporary alliance be tween the Bonapartists and a notable portion of the Legitimists and Orleanists. A company, composed of Guizot, Duchatel, de Levis, and other fuaionitti, have just purchased the journal r Aasemblee Ra tionale. Its end is the restoration of the elder Bourbon family. In the mean time, it is understood to be in favor of the revision of the constitution and re-election of M. Bonaparte. But all this will avail nothing unless the constitution be summarily set aside. The firm body of the Left, 250 in num ber?that is to say, 62 more than is sufficient to prevent legal revision?will not consent to move one step toward revision unless universal suffrage be restored. If it be restored, the constitution will be revised legally, but by a constituent assembly ultra democratic. We will not have to wait long now ere we know what course things will definitely take. 3 The three individual#, Denham, Virmaitre, and Beanard, accused of theft, robbery, and breach of confidence, who had fled to the United 8tales, and lately been delivered up to this Government by virtue of the treaty of extradition, were brought to trial io Paria a few daya ago. The counsel of the accused, Virmaitre, maintained that the terme "robbery," "burglary," specified in tbe treaty, did not include the offence charged'; that he bad been therefore arrested without law; that he bad never lost the beoefit of the law of nations, and should be discharged. The court overruled the objection, and the trial was proceeded with. The female, Beanard, was acquiUed ; Virmaitre and Denham were convicted. The former has been sentenced to the hulka for fifteen years, and the latter to aix years reclusion, (confinement with bard labor.) Madame de Caumont, the lady whose house in Pari* was rifled, atated to the court, upon the trial, that her former estimate ($10,000) of the value of tbe property made away with by tbe accused was much too small. It amounted at the very least, ahe aaid to 70,000 francs, ($14,000 ) I notice in a bill of particulars attached to a bill lately in troduced into the Assembly, asking appropriations for expenses of criminal justice, dcc., tbe following item connected with the above affair. Expenaes touching the extradition of three accused indi viduals, advanced by the Conaul-General of France in the United Statea, to be reimbursed, f.l0,568.04." If extradition by virtue of international treatiee is in all cases so expensive, application of treaties will be seldom exacted. On Monday the Aasembly voted one million two hundred thousand dollars for the completion of the defences of the city harbor, and road of Cherbourg. This military and naval sta tion, within a few leagues of the English coast, and command ing the entrance of the channel, is rightly deemed one of ca pital importance. It is now very strong, but additional ex pense must be incurred in order to prevent rapid deteriora tion. All the Governments of France, from Louis XIV. to the present dsy, have been alive to its importance, in case of war with England.. Napoleon called it " an eye to see, and an arm to strike." The round sum of thirty millions of dol lars baa already been spent in the building up of Cher bourg. A report just published shows that the number of despatches transmitted by tbe electric telegraph during the firat month of its establishment (March) was 301, producing an aggregate receipt of $606. Ft is not stated bow many of these de spatches were forwarded by Government. These would be ???B, I fancy, to constitute a large proportion of tbe 301 During tbe first two weeks tbe receipts did not exceed $60. It would appear, tben, that there has been a manifest im provement. At the sitting of the 7th instant, M. n* Tkssax communi cated to tbe Academy of Sciences a note describing a mode devised by bin of varying the experiment of M. Fopcaclt, by means of which tbe apparent movement, the measurable I velocity, may be double of that in the experiment as exhitited by M. Foucault: ?' Suppose," fay* he, "a rigid bar, suspended at its centre of gravity by an untwisted (bread ; suppose the bar, relatively to the horiaon, in a state of repose, it will have then, like the borixon, a direct rotary m tvemenl about the vertical?that ia to aay, about the thread of tuepension. (Suppose tben that the bar, witboui departing from the vertical plane which eon tains it, eboold operate a movement by wbich the position of its extremities or eods should be exactly reversed?the abso lute amount and direction of the ra*l velocity of eaoh one of tbe pointa of the bar about tbe vertical will not be changed bot, as each point will have changed aides in relation to tbe vertical, tbe result will be that the real movement about the vertical will be effected in a direction inverse of what it wu at first ; that is to say, it will b? retrograde, and will have the same absolute velocity as before. The velocity of the relative movement with regafd to the horizon?that ia to gay, its measurable velocity?will then be double of that of the real' movement of that horiaon, and equal to the velocity of the hoar-hand of a watch, multiplied by the sine of the lati tude." , . ? M. Fbahchot addressed to the Academy a note upon the same subject. Hie idea ia to prolong indefinitely, by meane of clock-work, the vibrations of the pendulum used in the experiment of M. Foucaalt. The publiabed minutes of the proceedings of the Academy do not describe the mechenisa, which would be difficult to underatand without the aid of diagram*. Suffice it to say, that ? clock-work i* contained in the interior of the sphere of the pendulum ; and thus the apparatus, having in certain reepecta the appearance of a pen dulum Brequet, differs from it in the eaaential part cuter that it receives an impulee absolutely independent of the direction of the first oscillation. When this note was read, M. Fat* remarked (hat M. Franc hot's no. ion of effecting, by means of internal clock-work, a periodical displacement of the centre of gravity, and thus prolonging the oscillations of the pendulum, waa communicated to him by M. Foucault himself aome time ago, at the very commencement of the experiments made at the Obeervatory. The Academy ordered a reference of the not.es of MM. de Teaaan and Franchot U a special commit tee, composed of Meeam. Bablnet, Pouillet, and Deepnta. I ought, pwfcapa, to have added \n mj last, In order to o^a- ^ - ? 11 Iiiillminiil f" **0 in dieme??; e*J thai, though t?J7!*dlmeor the feet above the oevement of the pi**, OvU wirw, sUefchtnf from tbe Intortor >igW-t point of the dome to within two or three fret of the marble floor, is only MO feet in le?gth. Capt. Boniu, of the French Navy, Commiaswy of the Republic at the Island of Taiti. had the Wicitoua .de. of end ing one of hiasubordinateato Honolulu,^8andwich Islands,) for the purpose of obeerving there the total edipee of the aun of tbe 4th Auguet, 1850. M. Aiaoo, to whom the report of the observation made upon that occaaion was forwarded, admit ted it on tbe 7th inetant to the Academy. The illuetrioue astronomer announced hie intention to compare these obser vations, point by point, with those of tbe total eclipse of 1842, and afterwarda to make public the clear and precise conse quence which he might deduce from the companaon. M. Btor, in the neme of the eection of Astronomy, pre sented thekfollowing list of candidates for the vacant place in that section: M. Chaslea, singly, in the first rank? MM. Bertrand and Blanchet, ex mquo, in the seeond rank ; MM. Hermite, Oasian Bonnet, Puiaeux, 8erret, ex cequo, in the third rank. The vacant seat waa that formerly occupied by M. Liaax, the unworthy member convicted of robbiog eeve ra| of the public librariea of France, and who was compelled, by the discovery of his thefts, to fly from France in March, 1848. Of the above named candidatee for the honor of suc ceeding him the French Academy of Scieneee, M. Cmsiia has been elected by a vote of 46 votea out of 55. The French papers are publishing an extrect from the ??Travels in France" of Arthur Young, in 1787, to prove that the original invention of tbe Electric Telegraph belongs to France. It would aeen that one M. Lowonn, an inge nioua French mechanic, had an electric telegraph in opera tion between distant spartments 'of hia house upon the occa sion of Mr. Young's visit to Paria in the year above men tioned. . . . j At the sitting of the Academy of Sciences on last Monday, M. Mohih, Director of the Conaervatory of Arts and Tradea in Paris, read a paper intended to prove that the invention of the ateam locomotive alao belonga to thia country, being due to an engineer named Cugnot. Hia locomotive, destined for ordinary roada, was constructed in 1770, and depomted at the Conaervatory in 1801. The machine waa intended to con vey four persons, and moved at the rateof n* miles per hour. Trisls were had in preaence of the Duke of Choiseul and the then Minister of War, which gave eo much aatiafacUoo the t a new engine upon a larger acale was ordered by Government to be built at Strasbourg. The machine was m fact construct ed, and now exists at the Conaervatory. The troubles of the revolution came on, and it was forgotten. Yours, ate. OFFICIAL. IN8TRUCTION8 TO P03TMASTER8. Post Ornca DxrABTxasT, Mat 9, 1851. Postmasters, in miking their quarterly returns, are ttrictly required to fill the blanks at the head of each page of their accounts of mails received and sent, and carefully to add each and every column of aaid accounts. 1 hey will then recapi tulate the amount of each olumn on a blank page of the socount ? bj aa to enable the Auditor to report quarterly the aggregate amount of such columns. In view of the great increase in the number of letters to be mailed, and of the consequent increase of labor in post offices likely to be produced by the law passed at the last session of Congress "reducing the rates of poatage," <kc.? in-view also of the fact that, by reducing the number of packages required to be made under the exieting rule of distribution, the labor of making up the mai't can be materially diminished, it is thought proper to adopt the following regulationa. It is THaaxTom* omnxnan, that on and afier the first dsy of June, 1851, the following be substituted in place of the 8lst regulation, as published in the " Post Office Laws and Regulations," edition of 1847 : PosTMASTxms will carefully aaeort the letters ^posited in their offices for mailing, and will mail them as follows, 10 Tat Every Postmaster in the New England 8tatee will mail, and po^tbill direct to tbe place to which they aread dreined, all letters for post offices in his own or any othe New England State. Every other postmaster will mail aod postbill direct to tbe place addressed all lettera forJus ?wn State or Territory , and all pos.marters w.l^a.l and^tb^ direct all letters for post offices in other Statee end Territories, which should not pass through a distributing office on their proper route to the effice of delivery. Every ^simaeter wdl STpostbill and msil direct all lettera on which the mstone tion " mail direct" shall be written. . Sd. Letters not required by the fore?oing mailed direct, ab.ll be ^ in. office through which they should firtl pws on the proper route to the plsce of their deitination?unleu the mailing office be a distributing office. 3d All letters received at a distributing office for distribu tion, 'or deposited therein for mailing, and which are addre* ed to places within the Stste or Territory where such distri buting office is situated, or to places not more than ooehun dred miles distant f<om such distributing office, or which would not pass through a distributing office on the proper route U the office of delivery, thallbe mailed direct, but if the office of delivery is more than oue hundred miles from such dietributing office, and the letters ahould properly pwe through one or more diatributlng offices, tbey shall be mailed end poet billed to the hut distributing office through which they aie to pass oo their route to the office of delivery. (Further instructiooe as to the mailing of letters of whicfi special accounts are r? quired, will be addree?ed to, and affect only, the diatribnting offices.) ^..hilUd 4th. Each package containing lettera mailed and postbitiea direct ahould be pleinly directed on the outside wilb the name of the office to which it ia to be eent, and of the wtate 1D which such office ie a:tu*ted. . . . Packagea containing lettera (or distribution should be plain ly directed in the earoe manner, with the addiuoo ters ??D. P. O." (for Distributing Poat Office) after tbe *. DaparloMnt, .ill j.pon CM yhich may cometo bis knowrf nrxt> k> master .hall, after tty fir* J J dietribotion. than mailed letters as to subject tnem w aw autboriaed tbe po* office, et Cleveland, Poetmaser* ?"not,?jni h.Jbee? mmle distribuiing SfctLWy of Cumberland Gap, Petersburg, Virf.nia, will not be dutr first of July next. jj ?_law3w