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11 NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER. ^neT&v?* ????*? fKM priwtt letter, of member, ?/ '>* JExtracU J Boundarv Comnunon. Has Dibuo, Calitowua, Pm*uaby - .?Hsre I am, *? ou** * my f,TQdf* Uie offioerHf the Coe.t Survey, ril of whom are old ' chums f ? . I ua with tbein on a tUU of ft day or so, and, of?1Dte. Y are al work in the field, I sit down to drop you "T'Zr ZstTamer of to-morrow. Our party (Mr. Gra'v's) arrived in Ban Diego on the 8Ui January last, *f ier a very tough tramp of nearly four month*. " We left the Copper Mine, poet on wri overtook Gen. Condc in about one bund^d and * r ty Liles From there we went to the San Pedro, thirty miles distant, and encamped, while Mr. Graham, and Gen. Conde'a parties proceeded to ban Crui and Tucson, small Mexican frontier tow^.^Mr BarUett and party were lost for ^ Uar mountains, and lived on mezquit* beans, a tree pwuliar to the country through whioh we had (^lb w. had found it in Texas.) Finally, one of them found his way back to our oamp, and we g*,e him provisions Belves They finally reaohed Santa Cruz, but Mr. Bart draft, being useless there, and having no money with him, he was unable to procure provisions. Mr. Gray, becoming alarmed at Mr. B.'s protracted absence, started for the towns. He raised a small amount of money among the laborers, and with it some unbolted fl our was purchased. " We left the river San Pedro on the 29th September, and struck the Gila very nearly at tb? point J*?"?*T work was to commence, on the 9th of Ooto r, tramp over an arid sandy country, sometimes being for two days without sufficient water to relieve thirst. Wha li refreshing Bight it was when we first saw the line o cotton-wood trees, which always indicate the F**nce ?f water I little thought how anxious I should be in a short time to leave that beautiful little river but circum stances are very apt to^ange one'. ? December we worked incessantly from daylight until dusk, without two days intermission. <? We struck the Gila in an open valley below the pass indicated in Emory's report as the The river at this place was from thirty to forty fee width, and perhaps eighteen inches deep, but it was a clear, sparkling, swift, merry little stream as ever I look ed upon. As we worked down, however, the valley nar rowed, and the mountains closed in upon us and became veTy high and steep and the river deepened. We were compelled to ford the streom frequently during the day, and, as we were obliged to carry double, it was always a source of excitement and amusement. We began to ob serve large quantities of Emory's ' Ante pottery scattered in all directions, and I obtained many specimens. We also found large quantities of jaspar, obsidian, milky quartz, agates, and many other stones which Emory de scribes. We finally struck a pass in the mountains whith Emory describes as impassable for wagons or pack mule#. It was truly an ugly looking place. On both sides of the pass masses of solid gloomy rocks arose from the water, while the stream, dark and swift, rolled rapidly between these huge walls, not an inch of ground on either side to plant one's foot. One of the men dashed into the river, and the wagons followed. It was an exciting scene; the men shouting and sometimes swimming, while the poor mules strained every nerve and struggled for their lives. They finally got through safe, and then such a shout went up! Here we first saw the cereus gigonteus. It is a lofty green column, with its exterior fluted, and large thorns all over it. The top is of an oval shape, and it has Urge arms extending upward from its sides, ^ou will find a very good representation of one among the plates in Major Emory's report. Our road was exceeding y rough after entering this mountain pass. W<j were oblig ed to let our wagons down the mountains with ropes very frequently, and occasionally some unfortunate mule would Iobc his footing and away he'd go, rolling oyer and over down the mountain, and at first I was certain the anima was dead, but, on being relieved of bis pack, ht? J*?!* up, shook himself, and, being repacked, plodded up the mountain as if nothing had happened. It was reij hard work for our surveying party here, as we were wet through all day and frequently did not get into camp until ate at night. In a few days from this time the mountains be came so precipitous that we were obliged to abandon the wagons. It seemed as if we were parting from old friends as we took a last look at them We had seen a few In dians a short time before, but a day or two after we abandon ed the wagons we were very much troubled by them, night and day. We passed through several different tribes, but we did not remain long enough among any one tribe to learn much of their habits. The men are large and finely form ed, with muscular legs and broad expansive chests; but we have invariably noticed that their arms are small, owing to their exemption from all labor, the women per forming it all; amongst other drudgery, having to carry Urge loads of wood in huge baskets made of the leaf of a specie. of cactus. These Indians are the Pifton LlaRos, or Penales, the Apaches, the Tontos, and the Coyoteros^ They are all very fine horsemen. The women ride well also, and have the same position on the animal as the men. It would rather astonish you to see them dashing down a mountain at full speed, while they seem quite un conscious of doing any thing unusual. ? About this time we were rather reduced ;n the provi sion line. We had nothing to eat except beef, and that without salt. We had no flour, no coffee, no sugar, no beans, no bread, no rice; in fact, we bad nothing but beef. You may well imagine how glad we were when we were enabled to buy some frgoles, pumpkins, and salt from the Indians. Just imagine a young gentleman who used to ?port a jimmy hat, blue coat, grey panto, standing collar, and patent leathers on Pennsylvania avenue, sitting down on the ground to an elegant oolUtion of cold beef?am nothing <isr? dressed in ragged panto, a still more ragg coat, a pair of boot, which seem to have been ma'le on the principle of letting water run out a. soon a. it got in, and, to cap the climax, a ' shocking bad hat,' with th? addition of a large pistol and bowie knife stuok in hi? belt, and a Urge Mississippi rifle lying across his knees ant you will have an idea of your humble servant, and what may be truly styled a ' hard-looking oase.' "The men and women of theee tribes wear their hail short. Their arms are the bow and arrow and the lance These are the Indians whom Major Emory mentions ai being Tory treacherous. They were very friendly to u?, however ; but the reason of it was that they supposed w? were the Indian commissioners whom they expeet to treat With them and make them prosento. It was a very luckj thing for us that the Indians were under this delusion re garding us, for they had some beautiful ehances of gmnji ?s a sound thrashing, as we frequently were obliged U pass through deep and narrow caftoos in the mountains. "We worked steadily on, making about six miles a daj on an average, and passing through some of th* most beautiful scenery. The onl;r drawback was our destitu lion of provisions, having nothing to eat but beef. W? reached the mouth of the San Pedro about the 1st of No ?ember last, when a messenger was dispatched to the Pi mos villages for provisions, as the Commissary hn l l>o?r ordered to meet us there with wagons. Wc remained a few days at San Pedro in order to build a boundary mo ?ument, and then proeeeded down the river. *' The whole of this country is ootered with every va riety of the caeti, but at the time we came through they were not in bloom, nor could I obtain any seed I suc ceeded, however, in obtaining some seed of the ccrtut fi pamtrm, which I stiil have. Every thing else that I col lected was lost, as I was obliged to trust my curiosities to the tender mercie. of a teamstor, and all are gone, as well as ail my baggage; so that I arrived at San Diego with *11 of my good, and ohattols on my back.'' " There i. sixty mile, of the GiU to bo wrveyed yet, which wo were obliged to leave unfinished, and to hasten on to this place to save ourselves frjm starvation" "Has Ptooo, Puhait 14. ? At length the various parties whioh fcft the Copper Mine, la August last, for the survey of the OUa rivsr, are re-united at this pi 11 have doubtless heard from other sources of tfc? u .oi Mr. Gray, the United Stales surveyor, an'l Li< ut \ W Whipple, the astronomer, and tbe: t irtie-, e ily m J*..uary. The surrey of the Olla wu completed to witbiu about sixty miles of its junction with the Colorado, in spite of obstacles which wonld have deterred men of less energy. The work was only aban doued from fear of starvation. " The surveying party lived for more than twenty days upon beef, without other food, even salt, and the fear of being without this compelled them to abandon the work. Mr. Bartlett'a recovery at Ures was slowi and he remain ed in so feeble a state that his physicians decided that it would be imprudent for him to attempt an overland jour ney. Accordingly, our little party was plaoed under the direotion of l)r. Webb, and left Ures on the 16th of De cember, while Mr. B. proceeded to Quaymas, to take pas sage by sea for this place. After meeting with various detentions, he reached here on the 9th instant, muoh to the gratification of those who, ignorant of the cause of his delay, were awaiting his arrival. " I will endeavor to give you a slight sketch of the ad ventures of our party, which, twelve in number, left Ures as above stated, en route for the Gila. Arriving at Santa Cruz, (in the Bute of 8onora,) we heard the sad news of the death of Gen. Conde, the Mexican Commissioner, an accomplished engineer and most estimable gentleman. A party of Mormons arrived at ganta Crux on the same day with us. They numbered some twenty men, with women and children in proportion. They are mostly from Iowa, and were on their way to settle in the valley of the Colo rado, in accordance with the revelations of the Prophet Eadras, who has designated that as the promised land of the ' Latter Day Saints.' They belong to the ' Brewster ite' division of the sect, and held no fellowship with the followers of Joe Smith; indeed, none holding to such he resies as'those promulgated by ' 8aint Joe' are to be al lowed to enter their Canaan. These people have had a long journey across the country from the Bio Qrande. A number of their oxen had been stolen by the Indiana, and their wagons were mostly drawn by cows. They seemed to be in a destitute condition, and it was painful to see families who had left happy homes in a land of plenty toiling through a desert inhospitable country trusting in the visions of a dreamin'g fanatic. One of their party, Silas Crandall, of Iowa, was shot by the Indians a few days before they arrived at that town. We left Santa Cruz on the 29th of December, and struck across the mountains into the valley of the river, thus avoiding a arge curve, which we must have made had we followed the regular road." From Mr. Walsh's Paris letter in the ''Journal of Commerce" we extract the following: Some attention has been given here to the Liquor Law of the State of Maine, as a stretch of power such as the autocracy in France could not venture to attempt. A de bate recently occurred in the British House or Commons that compriies facts and opinions worthy of notice in themselves, and applicable in part to the American ques tion. The till for limiting and regulating public bouses in Scotland was entertained on the 16th instant. Mr. Hume opposed the bill, on the ground that it was not a remedy for the drunkenness which he acknowledged to be the prevailing vice. There had been a reduction by a moiety in the city of Edinburgh of the number of spirit licenses; yet the vice had enormously increased. In Lon don, on th< contrary, where there was no limitation in the licensing of beer-houses, a great improvement in the habits of the people was ascertained. " A great number of places of public amusement had been opened, and the monopoly in the sale of spirits and beer discontinued." Mr. Fox Maule, late President of the Board of Trade, and member from Scotland, said: " He could not conceal from himself the lamentable fact that, in Scotland, with a population not amounting to three millions, there was a consumption, by the month, of raw spirits, every year, of not less thin six millions of gallons. Yet the number of places licensed for the sale of spirits had considerably di minished. Time was in Sootland when boer was the ge neral beverage, but it was entirely superseded by the use of spirits.'" Mr. McGkeoor took broad grounds : "Mr. McGregor regretted that any member of the Govern ment should have supported for a moment the second reading of the bill, which, he believed, if carried, would be productive of nothing bet mischief. He considered the bill objectionable upon principle, and at variance with every sound commercial maxim. They could never make the people of Scotland less drunken or mure moral by any system of legislation which the House might adopt. Any attempt to accomplish such an ob ject must commence with a more general education of the people." Mr. Bates proved by official returns that the increase of crime was in a great degree attributable to the vice of drunkenness. So as to pauperism and illiteracy. Rev. J. W. Greek, the imposter, arrived in Philadel phia, in custody, on Monday, and was immediately iden tified as the person calling himself the "Rev. Leonard Wilson, of Tennessee," who la*t summer obtained two' gold watches, a gold chain, 4c. from Mr. S. M. Hopper, jeweller, Chesnut street, by a bold and most barefaced fraud. He then put up at Jones' Hotel, and in payment for the watches gave a worthless check on the Philadel phia Bank. Snakes.?On Thursday last, near Dorchester, (Mass.) a laboring man dug oat of a space four and a half feet in dia meter, and one and a half feet in depth, two hundred and eleven snakes, ranging from four to fifteen inches in length, and embracing all the different species common to the vicinity, except the rattlesnake. When found, most of them were tor pid, but soon gave evidence of locomotive power. Some times they were found singly, and sometimes in bunches of half a dozen. The black, green, itriped, and brown, and the adder, were found in the most affectionate embraces. Villaihs Cacoht.?The Columbus (8. C.) Times state? that on last Thursday night a large piece of timber was placed on the track of the Muscogee Railroad, whereby the looomotive was upset and seriously injured ; the en gineer had his arm broken, and his face and otheT parts of his body badly scalded. Two servants were also in jured, but not seriously. Win. Davis, of Marion county, and one Jackson Cook, two persons charged as perpetra tors of this diabolical deed, have been arrested and sent to jail. MivoT'a Ledge.?The ship Astracan, at Boston, had a very narrow escape from destruction on Minot's Ledge, during the thick weather laat week. Her dangerous po sition was discovered barely in time to wear thip and avoid the rocks. The Boston Journal says " the widest publi city should be given to the fact that the lightboat is not at her mooring*. Two vessels have narrowly escaped de struction on Cohasset rocks since she was driven from her moorings, and wt fear that a serious disaster will yet oc i cur during some of the spring gales." ?? " ' 111 ? ? ? ' | ? A Heavt Day's Work.?One million and a quarter of gold from California was melted on Thursday last, be 1 tween the hours of seven and three o'clock, in the melting * department of the mint in Philadelphia. This is the larg I est amount ever melted in one day since the establish [ inent of the mint. Spiritual Knocking* Scientifically Explained. That the mysterious and wonderful knocking* and rappings of the " spirits" at Rochester and elsewhere wonld some day I be explained we never had the least doubt; bnt we did not dare to hope that the elucidation Md clearing op would come so coon. In these progressive times, however, scienoe seems 1 to be shod with the " nine-league boots" of the fatry tale, and I the gigantic strides of her vntarlee fill us with emotions in which awe, wonder, and astonishment are so intimately eon Bunerased and "mixed up" that we oan hardy tell " which >m t'other, or t'other from which 1 Of the laborious and ; difficult process by which the scientific correspondent of the , Cincinnati Commercial arrived at the following conclusions, we can say nothing; but the precision, elegance, and lucidity of the explanation want make itself obvious to the " meanest ca pacity." In allasion to the tappings, this profound philoso pher beautifully observe!: " The om\j true and legitimate manner of ?ffountl?|Jvr the taps I* the physiological defect* nf the wmbnixonf system The obtnsenes* of In* aWlominal Indicator nauses the eartfla<rnoue compressor to ao sgulate Into tbe diaphragm, sod depreeecs thr duodenum Into the flan dartgo. Now, If Ute tape were cause*t by the vocation of the electricity from tli* extremities, the fympim. m would also dissolve Into spiritual sloctnm. and the oHbctory osaiBcator would ferment and Womc Identi ea! with the plgaiewkua. Wow, thin i? n?t ths case; In' order to pro dune the taps, the spiritual rotund um must b? elevated down to the spiritual spero Hut a* I said before, the Inferior llgnmsots must not subtend over the dlgltorum suArientl* to disorganize the rterricle Msaf A friend of onrs, who graduated " with diftinruished honors" ?tone of the Northern Universities, aaya that he must dissent t* lo from the idea that the " depression of the duodenum in to the flundango" could, by any possibility, cause " the olfac tory osaiQoator to ferment and become identical with the pig m*n turn." Be says the thing cannot be dono; and, after quot ing several learned authorities on the subject, wiad* np his ar gument by the remark that '?The iIbrnlofr mollnn communicated to the tnnicaelbngrnis by thr partnr'tinn ef the alveola process effeetoallv disintegrates tV uertoar dtar laflheaoe* of the epigastrium, and pnnl aue- * compound ft>rpusru lar movement ef the lymphatic glands; which abnormal %nd diagT>"?U nsl state of the nertous system deteriorates s preponderant ef the laetral (l?H to the posterior portioa of the CsreWlhm, and predisposes the patient to peeteraalural distension ef the auricular membraneous oriacr; in wbiob esse, the rappinga beooaae painfull/ ami dlsUnetf J assume." How, whether this is or ia not so we will not undertake to say, but will leave the whole matter In the hands of the learn ed Sanaa*, in the full conAdenoe that litUe can he added to the above triumphant and Incontrovertible exposition [Omytu Chrmiele. FR OM 0 UR L OND ON CORRESPONDENT. London, March 4,185*2 In the House of Lords on Friday evening tla Earl of Dkrby explained the policy of thenew Gov ernment with respect to foreign affaire The couree he intended to pursue was that which he w*? we convinced was heat calculated to secure the blessing*, of peace. He should observe toward foreign 1 ow era a calm and temperate policy, adhere literally to ai treaty obligations, and respect in all nations the riaht to manage their own affaire. On these points he concurred entirely with Earl (Iranville. As respected the power of Great Britain to repel ag gression, he believed the navy never was in a more effective state, and that the condition of the military force was admirable. He felt no alarm on the sub ject of invasion, but he thought the time of peace was the time to prepare or to be ready for any pos sible contingency. He was glad that England was, and he hoped that it would always continue to be, the " ark of refuge to those whose misfortunes have < driven as exiles from their native homes to seek < protection therein." He hoped " those unhappy 1 fugitives would long continue to claim and to enjoy < the hospitality of England." ?It was the boun < Jen duty of these persons, however, not to abuse < the rights of hospitality, nor to compromise the <interests of this nation, by making their reception < here the means of organizing measures against < their own country. Should they do so, it would ? be the duty of the British Government to put the < foreisrn Government so menaced on its guard < against such machinations." We cannot quote the whole of Lord Derby's observations upon this point, with which some of the home journals are dissatisled. Lord Derby thcrt proceeded to notice the financial and commercial policy whiehhemtend ed to adopt. With respect to this -part of his Lord ship's speech, we think few speeches have been made in which the attempt to convey two distinct and opposite impressions of the same thing to two widely differing parties was ever more apparent. To the protectionist and the landed interest it seeks to convey the assurance of an intention to reimposc import duties upon corn at the very earliest opportunity; while to the free-trader and the manufacturing interest it may be interpreted to hint that postponement may be considered equivalent to abandonment; but that at most the question merely required *' to be solved one way or the other, by ? reference to the. well-understood and clearly-expressed ? opinion of the intelligent portion of the community. On some points Lord Dkbbt was explicit enough. It is quite clear that the great question of protection is to be shelved for a time ; he holds it to be inexpedient to dis solve Parliament and appeal to the country at present. He admits that he is in a minority in the Commons, and probably also in the Lords; he therefore appeals to the forbearance of his opponents, and to the patient indul gence of his friends. Lord Dbrby throws Lord Jons Russell s reform bill entirely out of consideration, as not only unnecessary but mischievous. There is to be no disfranchisement of burroughs notoriously corrupt, no alterations in the elec tive system, no extension of the suffrage. But there is to be some law reform. This seem^to be the only point upon which the new Premier fairly threw down the gauntlet, for he said, in so many words, ?I do notintend there shall be any representative reform and it is upon this point that the issue will very probably be tried soon after the re-assembling of Parliament. Lord Debut's speech gave rise to some conversation, in which Earl Obey, Earl FrrtwttUAX, the Marquis of Classicabdb, and the Earl of Abebdeen emphatically declared their adhesion to the free-trade policy in grain, and their opposition to any plan of levying a duty upon its importation, whether for revenue or protection. In the House of Commons, on the same evening, Mr. C. Vil liebs gave notice that he would, on the earliest opportu nity after the new Ministers had taken their seats, move a resolution declaratory of the determination of that House to maintain free-trade, and to resist aU attempts to reimpose a duty on corn. Parliament is adjourn**! until the 12th instant. Several important questions will test the strength and the temper of the new Cabinet soon after the re-assembling of Par liament. Mr. Hume will, on the 25th instant, bring for ward his annual motion in favor of a rate-paying suffipge, and vote by ballot. A resolution stating that the House of Commons has no confidence in the administration will also be introduced. The anti-corn law league has been reconstructed at Manchester; to the support of which ?27 600 was subscribed in twenty-five minutes?four teen manufacturing firms subscribing XI,000 each, and fourteen other houses ?600 each. Meetings of reformers passing strong resolutions are being held in all the large constituencies ; and ? war to the knife" is almost declared in favor of Parliamentary reform, and m defence of un taxed bread. We are not quite sure that we like all this torrent of hostility against a yet untried administration ; which, although it may require the vigilance and its opponents to keep from a retrogressive and libbers1 course, ought to be treated with candor, and heard and tried to some extent before it is thus denounced. We fear that this opposition will be termed ? factious," and its sup porters denounced as agitators and causers of the evils which they deprecate. We have no wish to see one weak Government give place to another weak one to have the House of Commons become the arena for the display of i organized party spirit instead of being the council-room of statesmen. We are afraid of representative govern ' ment becoming unpopular through the quarrels of repre sentatives, and being useless to the people through the want of concentrated action in the public service. The present condition of France originated in the quarrels be tween a succession of weak Administrations and a factious Legislature. We have no fear of such an issue in England, but we look with pain upon any approximation, toward even the first step tending in that direction. The army, navy, and ordnance estimates of the late Government have been published. They are as follows: Naiy. Army. Ordnunee. ,'0OT This is exclusive of the 6,000 reserve of seamen and the 13,620 pensioners, although the cost is included in the following statement, and exclusive of the 30,490 troops in the East Indies, the pxpense of which is defrayed by the East India company. Estimated expense for next year v ....?5,62*,488 48-555 ?*?.?; Total for all services ?14,9?,ipi Being an Increase of ?60,484 over the present year. Of the army about 32,000 rank and file are at present in Great Britain, 16,600 in Ireland, 88,078 in the Colonies, (exclu sive of India,) and 26,788 in India. To these add th officers and non-commissioned officers, &c., (*" 16,000,) and we have a total ef 129,000, in round num ber*, as the number of all ranks and services at home and abroad, including India, on January 1, 18o2. The number of the metropolitan police force on the 1st of January, 1852, was 6,649; the expense fbr the year had been ?422,299. The commissioners of the Great hxn tion paid ?17,426 for the services of the police. The Bank returns again exhibit a great increase of un Jplyed funds, the amount now being ^2,760,610-the specie and bullion having increased ?361,863, and the ci culation dimmed ?642.068. The public and pmato^ posit** have also inorea,ed during the week ; the former ?466,876, the Utter ?866,236. The bank now make, advanomsat two per cent. Th. exchanges have improved and the fends steadily advanced during the week. Th change of the Ministry has had no effect onpublic secu? tie* Sefundholder* being convinced that whoever,sat the helm will be compelled to guide the Government pretty steadily in one reeegniarf and authorised eeam. They have no great oonfidence In the new Prime Minister, and very little trust In his Chancellor ef the Exchequer, ,bnt thej have a practical eonviotion that no Ministry wi allowed to *e much mleehief, and they look with compa rative Indifference en the change The amount of bullion at this time in the two grea ' Banks of England and France exceeds forty-two millions, an enormous and unexampled sum. The particulars are as follow * : Bank of England ;... ?18,948,080 Bank of France..... 23,648,6ii6 ?42,491,666 This is exclusive of bullion in the mints of London and Paris. The circulation of the two Banks stands thus : Bank of England fc ?20,187,420 Bank of France.., 22,661,275 ?42,888,695 While the circulation of the two countries seems to hate reached its limit, it cannot be safely said that the accu mulation of treasure, vast as it is, will not continue with the increased production of bullion. The corn market is Arm, and prices fully maintained. At Hamburgh, Amsterdam, and Rotterdanwboth wheat and iff* are advancing. The scarcity in Silesia, Lithu ania, Weimar, Gotha, and Hesse amounts almost to a famine. Not long ago Prussia was the granary from which the Low countries, France, and England drew sup plies, and now France is exporting corn to Prussia, both by sea and lanl. Wertemberg and Bavaria are also suffer ing from scarcity. The Emperor of Russia has ordered the free admission into his dominions of low-priced flour and meal. The total amount of foreign grain taken into consumption in England during January, 1862, is less than half of what it was in January, 1851. The duties of entry on importation of corn, flour, and vegetables are suspended fur all the States of the German Zollverein till the 81st August. These are all important facts, deserving of notice both by growers and consumers. There is no quotable diference in the price of any article of foreign or colonial produce. The Board of Trade returns for January show an increase in export of ?3,911 over those of January, 1861. The Drama affords nothing new. In Literature moy be noticed the " History of England and Franoe under the House of Lancaster," in 1 vol. 8vo., which is said to con tain much valuable information. Mr. Forsvtii has pub lished a " History of Trial by Jury," and Mr. W. 8. Lini> sey a volume on "Navigation and Mercantile Marine Laws," both of which are well spoken of. Mr. Bell's << Hearts and Altars " and Capt. Knox's 44 Country Quar ters" are the most prominent among new novels. Louis Napoleon was an author long before he was President. His works have now been collected and published in two volumes. In reference to present circumstances these volumes have no doubt considerable interest; as contri butions to literature, w?cannot suppose they will rank very high. One of the papers,' in noticing this publication, calls the author "a psychological phenomenon, a mo nomania of thd noblest species." Locis Napoleon was born on the 20ih Apri), 1808, and is now therefore near ly forty-four y#ars of age. A very valuable pamphlet has been lately published on "The Finances and Trade of the United Kingdom at the beginning of the year 1852," and will be of great service to all parties at this juncture; the author, although his name is not announc ed, is known to be a gentleman whose opinions would be influential, and whose assertions may be depended upon. One statement from this book is that the national income was in 1846 $52,950,202; .between that year and 1851 annual taxes to the amount of ?5,663,638 were repealed, and yet the income of the latter year was ?51,669,553, and this smaller amount was so far in excess of the ex penditure as to letve a surplus of ?2,726,396. The first number of Mr. Dickrks'b work, "Bleak House," has made a very favorable impression. Connected with literature are undoubtedly the events attending literary men. It is much to the credit of Earl Dkrdy that he offered to continue Mr. Layard in the of fice of Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, to which he had very lately been appointed "by Earl Gran ville, until Lord Stanley, who has been appointed to succeed to that office, should return from his tour in India. The salary of the office is ?1,500 per annum. It is equally creditable to Mr. Layard, and a proof of the high consistency of his character, that, although press ed by the present Administration to retain office tempo rarily, and sensible of the tribute thus paid to his charac \ ter, he felt that he could not with propriety serve under I the political opponents of the Government from whom he J had received his appointment, and therefore declined the proffered honor. No statesman of importance and character has given his support to Louis Napoleon. He has surrounded him eelf with ambitious men, who reflect no credit on his Gov ernment. All the political personages who are at the head of pOrties have refused to become candidates in the elections held on Sunday and Monday last. They do not consider the Government safe, and will not compromise themselves by being connected with it, even in a legisla tive capacity. They know that, under the mockery of a constitution, the Chamber will have no power to redress the faults of the Government, and that the speeches of the deputies will not be published. The Chamber of Deputies will consist, in great measure, of the nominees of the Pre gident; and it is right that it should, for it will have little more to do >hftn to ratify his decrees. It was announced in Paris last evening that from forty ' seven departments, where complete returns had been made, very nearly the whole of the Government candidates had been elected. General Cavaionac has indeed been re turned a deputy for the Seine, but he was nominated with out his consent, and most probably will not take his seat. There is nothing new from8PAi*. Maguelite outbreaks, on a ?mall scale, have taken place in several parts of Por tugal. From all accounts it appears that the country is in a state of ferment and disorder. The Journal de St. FtlertburgK contains an account of a victory obtained by General Bariatinaky, near Antour, over the Circassians under the gallant Schamyl, " who, after charging again and again, waa completely routed."' As, however, the account conoludes with stating that the Russians had only one man killed and twenty-four wound ed by these repeated charges of the Circassians " sword in hand," we hesitate to give full credit to the statement and wait for the Circassian version of the affair. Wc have nothing of importance from Vienna, except a despatch which has been addressed by Prince Schwartz hsbero to the Austrian Minister in England. A oopy of this despatch [published in the National Intelligencer of the 11th March J has been delivered to Earl Malmsrury as the successor of Earl Granville, and a good deal of curiosity is felt throughout the country as to the mode in which the new Foreign Secretary will deal with it. There Is a piece of curious intelligence from Berlin, which states that Privy Councillor Niervhr, son to the historian, is now on a mission in London, partly to notify the satisfaotion of the Prussian Court at Lord Granville's appointment, (rather too late!) "and partly to inquire ' into complaints raised that the Prussian Ambassador at 4 London, Chevalier Bunsen, in consequence of his family ? connexions with English society, does not pursue Prus . sian interests with desirable energy." There is no mem ber of the diplomatic corps more deservedly popular than Chevalier Bunsen, and wo are convinced that no member of that corps would more indignantly scorn any noglcct of his duty to his country for any consideration whatever than he would. Marcii 5.?The rumor of the morning is that Parliament will be dissolved very soon after the 12th instant, in order to prevent the opinion of the House of Commons being expressed upon Mr. Villikus s motion respecting a renewal of the Corn Laws. Lord Derby would also rather not encounter some awk ward questions which Mr. Rokbucr and other members have given notice of, and he probably sees other breaker* ahead. Lord Derby had an unusually prolonged audijsnce with her Majesty before the leveo on Wednesday ; it being of more than two hours' duration. The subject is rcri)r,,M to have been the important meeting, and the rs-ostablish ment of the Anti Corn Law League at Manchester on the day before. Lord John Mannees, Sir John Pakinoton, and three or four other gentlemen, whose seats In Parliament ia? been vacated in consequence of their having taken office, have bean returned again without opposition. All these Ministerial candidates have been very cautious in the.r comments upon the commercial policy of thr dp* admin tratioa. The news from Paris is, that of one hundred and twenty elections in departments only two belong to the opposi tion. The election of General Cavawnac is confirmed. The charter of the Bank of France has been extended to December 31st, 1867. The Bank hus reduced the rate of interest to three per cent. The great event of the day in Paris is the result of the trial of M. Bocheb, om of the trust*** of the Orleans pro- | perty, for the distribution of illegal printed documents. M. Oduo.n Barrot spoke with great energy and rigor , in defence of M. Bochbr, and produced a great impres sion. The result was that M. Bocher was condemned on- ! ly to a fine of five hundred francs, without imprisonment. Leave was also given for the publication of M. Bakrot s speech in the newspaper* This is regarded as a great triumph by the Orleanists. Lot)is Napoleon has declined to co-operate with Aus tria in the invasion of Switzerland, and Austria has also been persuaded to desist from that design for the present. No doubt the firm attitude of the Cabinets of Berlin and London, backed perhaps by the counsels of Russia, pro duced this result. It is said, however, that France and Austria have entered into a convention for the blockade of Switzerland ; but to render this measure effective it will be necessary to enlist Piedmont into the league, and stop her frontier, extending from Geneva to the Lago Maggiore, against Swiss commerce. The liberal Government of Sar dinia, and the influence of Great Britain at Turin, will be powerful obstacles in the way of this result. FROM OUR PARIS CORRESPONDENT. Paris, March 4, 1852. The elections which were ordered throughout France for members of the " Legislative Body," forming part of the Government of this county un der the new regime, are over. They were held on Sunday and Monday last. The results for Paris are to be officially published to-day. We have from the departments reliable but only unofficial information. The result there has been as anticipated ; perhaps even more Governmental than was anticipated. ^ So far as we have yet heard, but two of the opposition candidates have been elected out of one hundred and twenty heard from. In a few more very rare in stances, owing to the abstention or to the active ef forts of opponents, the Governmental candidate has failed to obtain the requisite majority, and the race will have to be run over a fortnight hence. I per sist in the opinion that in the corps \&jislutij there will not be found a minority of five members bold enough and disposed to vote in opposition to the i known wishes of the Prince-President. Throughout ? the departments Government pressure upon the elections was applied much more actively and more without scruple than in Paris. In spite of the curb under which the press now moves in France, we have learned so much of the truth upon this subject as to warrant the assertion that, notwithstanding the late liberal circulars of the Ministers, the elections real ly took place under circumstances that make univer sal suffrage in France as mere and unsubstantial a mockery as any by which a people have ever been deceived. In Paris itself there was comparative freedom. I spent the greater part of the first day in ~visiting the various election districts of the capital. Op position tickets were freely distributed at the polls, and the placards of the various candidates shone conspicuous ly upon the walls all over the city. Facilities and advan tages not possessed by opposition candidates were cer tainly enjoyed by those who figured in flaming characters upon the ichitt sheet* of the official favorites. But, upon the whole, though no means of concert were allowed the opposition, and no preparatory electoral public meetings I permitted on the day of election itself, sufficient freedom 1 appeared to be enjoyed by all parties. Well, what is the result, you ask, in the capital?in Paris, where adhesion is most desired by Government, and where opposition is most feared? Let me say, however, that I do most sin cerely hope that Gen. Cavaiosac, the only successful op position candidate, having now allowed his name to be used as a most significant protest by the opposition of all shades, will now publicly decline the functions of legisla tor (I mean of member of the corpt legitlatif. no legisla tor,) refusing to take the oath of fidelity to Prince Locis Napolioh. He will suffer irreparably in public opinion and in history unless he does take this course. Under the new regime the role even of an opposition majority in the corpt Ugitlatif would be too insignificant to be worthy the attention of a public man of any mark or value. That of the minority is assuredly not worth playing. The Xonileur has published this week several important decrees?important in their effeot upon the internal con cerns of France, but not of a political character, and not of much interest out of the country. One is a decree au thorixing the formation of societies within certain territo rial limits for the loan of money upon the mortgage of real property ; another almost abolishes the sound prin ciple which places the tenure of office of judicial function aries beyond the reach of the Executive power. The de cree will seriously invalidate, if it does not destroy, the independence of the bench. The first of these two de crees, that organizing credit fonder in France, sanctions and re-enacts in one of its clauses the odious decrees against the Orleans property. In spite of the disaffection they create, those decrces will be maintained in all their severity. A lawyer of Paris, under Governmental inspi ration, has just published a long defence of those decrees. It is pleasant to perceive that, notwithstanding its pressing political preoccupations, the Government finds time to concern itself even with such comparatively tri fling, though still important, matters as the improving and beautifying of the metropolis. Every day witnesses some flew and agreeable change. Monuments arc re touched, streets are repaved, "old rookeries" are demo lished, light is made to shine in dark places, public gar dens are trimmed and set in order; fountains are unsealed, palaces are reopened, and in fact all Paris, like the new Senators and Ministers of State, appears to be decked out in a new and glittering livery. The beautiful parks of Monceaux and Neuilly, which have hitherto reserved their 'charms for the fastidious eye of royalty and power, are about to open wide their gates to what Thiers, forgetful of his own origin, calls the "rile multitude." The co quettish little garden plots (jarrUnett, as the French pret tily call them) in the Tlace de la Concorde, which are sunk eight or ten feet below the pavement, are about to be raised nearly to the surface, so that the beautiful plants and flowers, instead of shrinking from the public gaze as before, may salute the passer-by at his first approach. The neighboring Champs Elyses, whose by-ways were lately so dark in the evening as to be unsafe for a pro menade except under the protection of a full moon, are about to be splendidly lighted ; and the fine square of Marigny, in the centre of the broad carriagt-way leading to the Arc d Etoile, is to be transformed into a picturesque garden. The continuation of the RueRivoli progresses rapidly, and it will soon be one of the most magnificent thoroughfares in Europe. The ehisel, not of "Old Mortality" but of modern taste, has renewed the noble Porte St. Denis, and almost nightly for some weeks past it has been brilliantly illuminated by the prismatic hues of a neighboring electric light The Rue des Ecoles, one of the lowest and most disgusting streets in the oth erwise attractive quarter of the Garden of Plants?a street which has been the retreat of misery and the hiding-place of crime for years?Is undergoing a thorough transforma tion. Most of the old buildings are to be pulled down, and the street is to be widened, paved, and well lighted The splendid square of the Louvre, which has lately bom disfigured and robbed of all its original simplicity by the bad taste of a fantastic architect, who subdivided itint< a host of little triangular gardens, each surrounded by a fanciful iron railing, is presently (so tl?e rumor (toes) tn experience a new aeries of changes, wh.eh will render it more worthy the superb palace which environs it. n ad - dition to all these improvement,, the venerable 1 out >euf, which had fallen into decrepitude. renewing its yont i; and the gorgeous eld cathedral of Notre Dunie, though it has long seemed as if Nature had adopted it for her own, ?' And granted it an equal date With Andes and the Ararat," rejoices in coming forth to-day with a new visage all in harmony with the beautiful spring sky. The both houses and public laundries which almost alone ia Paris disturb the trade-despising waters of the Seine, are patnliil and decorated anew, and sow look aluioet picturesque. These tranquil waters, by the way, are to be not disturbed but enlivened the coming season bj a line of steam pleasure boats, constructed like those which traverse the Thames, and which are to run regularly (or as regularly as any thing runs in France) between Bercy and Grenelle. I ought to huve mentioned before that the Place dn Carrou sel which, incumbered with old houses and sheds, ?nd devoid of a deoent pavement, has long been a perfect eye sore, is to be entirely renewed. The north gallery of the Louvre will be completed at the same time; and, in order to remedy an architectural defect in the rapport of the Louvre with the Tuileries, two new edifices are to be erected, which, by their position and style, will tend to make the palaces better hanuoniie. These edifices, it is said, are to be occupied by two of the Ministers. It is unnecessary to add that all these public works employ a great many hands, and in that way do something toward remedying the general stagnation of trade. What othei"newi 1 have to send, independent of poli. tics, is not much. Caroline de Wkbkh, widow of the composer, died a? Dresden on the 20th ultimo. I see it announced that Madame Somtao proposes visit ing the United States next summer, in company with the famous pianist, Tiialbero. This distinguished lady has just completed a brilliant engagement in Leipsic, reaping therefrom a most worthy harvest of glory and gold?of the latter at the rate of five hundred dollars per night. She has declined the most tempting offers of Prussian managers to viait Berlin and appear on other stages of that country as Sontag. She declines upon the ground that, as a member of the Prtusian nobility, she cannot, with due regard to the convtnancta of her rank, appear upon the boards in Prussia. She is married to an Italian nobleman, Count Rossi, and she is known in the grand monde as Comptesse db Rossi. It is not this title, how ever, but that of Mademoiselle dk Lauxkstsut that con stitutes the incompatibility of her appearance upon the stage within Prussian dominions. child of humble itinerant play-actors, Bhe was ennobled by the King of Prussia under the above title in 1828. Her royal master thus kindly used his kingly prerogative less to reward the already illustrious Sontag than to smooth the way to her marriage with the young Italian nobleman who after wards became her husband. The Comte himself was dis posed, in the ardor of youthful love, to summarily dispose of the difficulty and violate decorum by marrying an ar tiste, plebeian by birth, and noble only by character and talent; but the Count's family, and the Count's royal master, the King of Sardinia, not coinciding with these views, interposed objections to the happiness of the youth ful pair, which the King of Prussia removed by a patent of nobility in favor of Mademoiselle de Lauenstein. You will be pleased with her in the United States; and I pre dict for her, should her visit actually take place, a de servedly successful and triumphant career. Lamartine has already completed eight of the popular biographies which are to appear in his forthcoming jour nal, (The Civilizer,) among which are enumerated those of Columbus, Joan of Arc, Homer, Guttenberg, and Bernard Palissy, the potter. It is stated in the Marseilles papers that three hundred and twenty French emigrants are to sail from that port to-day or to-morrow for San Francisco. The expense of their voyage is to be paid by the managers of the late Lottery of the Ingot of Gold, who have already forwarded several hundred emigrants to California, and will dispatch another ship-load between^the 10th and 15th. It will be remembered that the Lottery of the Ingot of Gold was instituted with this view. Papers received yesterday from Rome, and bearing date of the 24th of February, announce the death of ono of the Cardinals, Castracare, aged 73 years. It appears, also, that five new Cardinals are to be appointed, includ ing two for France, vil. M. Don set, now Archbishop of Bordeaux, and M. Delacroix d'Arxolrtte, now Arch bishop of Anch. This will add two more ex officio mem bers to the French Senate. And, speaking of the Church, reminds me to say that the AbW Mostlocis, famous for his social opinions, has been arrested and is now in carcerated in the prison of Monlino. I see by the German papers that the Editor of the Me phistopheles, in Hamburg, has been fined about fifteen dol lars for an article against Louis Napoleon. He was pro secuted at the instance of the French Minister. TO THE EDITORS. Perceiving, Messrs. Editors, that in your paper of the 19th instant you have, under the head of " Diplomatic Affairs," presented the Nicaragua side of Central Ameri can affairs, I have no doubt that your sense of justice and well-known fairness and impartiality in such matters will also induce you to give a hearing to the other side. When the Mosquitos, protected by British forces, in 1848, occupied the port of San Juan, the Government of Nicaragua, claiming the sovereignty of that port to the exclusion of Costa Rica, sent a Minister to England (Mr. Castellon) to arrange that question to its own satisfac tion and sole advantage. The sum of money necessary to defray the expenses of that diplomatic mission was advanced by English merchants residing at Leon, and the British Vice Consul himself, Mr. John Foster, proceeded to England with Mr. Castellon. It therefore seemed to be expedient for Costa Rica also to send an agent to Eng land in order to present her claims, so far as they seemed to conflict with those of Nicaragua, and the British Gov ernment could not but consider the alleged rights of Costa Rica, in the same manner as the American Government has listened to the exposition made of them by the repre sentative from that State, with a view of meting out jus tice to both. To facilitate the canal enterprise and to give a proof of good will toward Nicaragua, Costa Rica has always been prepared, and is now ready, to renounce her right over the river San Juan, so far as it shall be deemed strictly necessary to carry out that enterprise; Nicaragua to take to herself all the direct profits to be derived from it. But it is obvious that if the proposed settlement be rejected or postponed for an indefinite period, Costa Rica may fall back and charter some other American company in oppo sition to the one now chartered by Nicaragua. The arguments that the Costa Ricans did not navigate the river San Juan before the independence, and that the port was under the control of the Government of Nica ragua, are easily met. Both provinces were then parts of the same country, and administered by the same Gov ernment. The Nicaraguans, from the geographical poei tion of their towns, had easy access to that navigation, while the Costa Ricans could not avail themselves of it for the want of roads. But the suspension of the exer cise of a right does not impair the validity of the right itself. Can it be denied that, tmiler the Spanish Govern ment, and under the Federal Government, the Costa Ri cans were at liberty to navigate the river and the lake in the same manner as the Nicaraguans? And if this right remained not only uncontested, but received additional strength from the possession by Costa Rica of one shore of the river and the lake, what right Is there any where to grant privileges against that right without the consent of the party interested in it ? Costa Rica asks for no thing that is not in strictest conformity with national law. The differences between Costa Rica and Nicarugua ought to be adjusted at the earliest day, an,?he former cannot feel secure without some express understanding, while the company chartered by Nicaragua pursues Its ope rations to the injury of Costa Rica. Costa Rica is will ing to accept the mediation of the Government of the United States, but cannot submit to the arbitrary acts of a company acting solely under authority of Nicaragua. _ C08TA RICA. Two married ladies in St. Louis last week met a young man upon the street, aud Rave him a severe oowhiding. They said he had boon enticing their huibinda away from home at night, and taking them to doubtful places. A spirited lady has posted a Professor, Principal of the Female Academy at Nashville, Tennessee, for calling her husband, who had been employed at the Academy, aa "ordinary humbug." She ?nys: "I now oall upeci him to come forward and prove him to be auoh, if he can, or 1 will cowhide him as a slanderer every time 1 meet htm in the streets of Nashville.?'