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NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER. FROM Ol'R LONDONCORRESPONDENT. Londom, November 5, 1852. The new Parliament was opened yesterday by Koyul Commission. No business was done in the Lords. In tin: Commons nearly all the Cabinet at tended, and a full muster on the Ministerial benches. Lord John Ku^hell took his place as leader of the Opposition. Baron Rothschild took his place on the Opposition benches. The (juestion of his eligi bility will not occur until the taking the oaths. Mr. Robert Palmer (Ministerialist) proposod, and Lord R. Gkosvkno* (Opposition) seconded, the appoint ment of Mr. Siiaw Lkkevju: (Whig) as Speaker; and he 1 was unanimously elected, and took the chair. Sir Ro I nit jit Inuus wade some observations respecting the labor which devolves upon the Speaker, and said ; " A hundred years ago there were not above three de bates and fifteen divisions in a session ; last year there ? were two hundred and forty-two divisions. The present Speaker, whom he congratulated on his re-election, had 2t,! in the course of his occupancy of the chair, no less an lo,000 hours, and had compressed into the period of his service more labor, niorq attention, and more suc cessful energy thau any of his predecessors; notwith standing one Speaker occupied the chair during the en tire reign of George L, and another during the whole of the xeign of George 11." The GHAMCJiLLo* of the Exchequer and Lord Jon* Rus sell strongly eulogited the oharacter and conduct of the Speaker, and congratulated the llouse on his re-election, and the House adjourned. So ended the firat day of the eeesion. It has long been admitted by men of all parties that a return to Protection is impossible. Even the ultra Editor of Blackwood's Magaiine admits this, and in the number for this month, an article headed " "fhe Holydays," whioh 0 may be fairly regarded as '? the Editorial" for the num ber, says " the re-imposition of duties upon corn is aban doned." To make amends, however, for this desertion of a long-maintained and most skilfully advocated principle, the Editor inserts an article, extending through twenty ?two pages, from a correspondent, entitled " The Restric tive Tariff's of Foreign Countries." The object of this article is to show that Sir Robert Pkkl has completely failed in his prediction that other nations must, in good time, follow the generous example of Great Britain in materially reducing the duties upon foreign products. 1 The only countries which have met " British liberality" by altering their tariffs since 1843 are Parma, Tuscany, the Roman States, Sardinia, and the Two Sicilies. The more important countries which have not responded to thp example of Great Britain, but on the contrary?some ot them at least?have made their tariffs more stringent, are *he Germanic League or Zoll-Verein, France, Bel gium, Spain, Russia, Holland, Sweden, various other Eu ropean Continenial Powers, and the United States. The latter, however, is said to be the " nearest to a recipro cating country which can be named and the tariff of 1846 is pronounced to be ','ft great improvement upon that of 1842;" although the average protection which the former affords is vaid to be equal to 25 per cent. In con nexion with this subject, it may be noted that the English ultra free-trade journals are rejoicing in the anticipated success of " the Free-trade candidate, General Pierce," and prophesying ?that the world will speedily witness 1 the downfall of that miserable system of protection to ' whioh the American Whigs have so devotedly clung." The advocates of free-trade are increasing very rapid ly, we are told, in Germany. The Kreuz Zeilung lately pointed out the great extent of this interest; but, from the different positions in which the party is placed in the various German countries, it cannot be combined so as to advocate and carry out the same measures. The Free traders are for the Austro-Germanic union in Austria, and against it in the rest of Germany: in Prussia they are for dividing the Zoll-Verein, in the southern States ^ for preserving it. In spite of this divergence of policy, the free-trade principle makes rapid strides in the con victions of the Germans, and exerts its influence in all leading questions. A great free-trade banquet has lately taken place at Manchester, in the Free-trade Hall. About three thou sand persons were present, including eeventy-nine mem bers of the present House of Commons. Apologies for non-attendance were received from upwards of eighty other members. Mr. Codden proposed, if the Queen's speech did not contain a distinct avowal of a determina tion to adhere to the free-trade policy, and to carry it out in every practical way, that the free-trade members of the House of Commons should move an amendment to tho address declaring that no Government will have the confi dence of the House whioh does not make that avowal. Sir W. Clay said every large constituency in the king dom, with the exception of Liverpool, had returned at least one free-trade member. Mr. Bkiuht made a very powerful speeoh; and Mr. Keoou, M. P. for Athlone, (Ireland,) said three-fourths of the representatives of Ire land were pledged to support free-trade in grain. " The Irish members," he said, " sympathired with no tyranny abroad, and obeyed no tyranny at home." Twenty-two Irish members were at the dinner. The Hon. T. Berke- ' iif, Sf. P. for Bath, Mr. Wilxeh Gibson, and LordGooni riCii, M. P. for Hull, addressed the meeting on similar topics. The general public attention, as respects home subjects, is fixed upon the business of Parliament and the funeral of the Duke of Wellington. The arrangements for the futferal are making upon a great and costly scale. Three officers, two non-commissioned officers, and six privates from each regiment In the service at home, are to attend the funeral. The pallbearers will be Lord Combermere, the Marquis of Londonderry, Lord Hardinge, Lord Sea ton, and Lord Gough?all Generals in the army?and Lieutenant Generals 8ir Charles Napier, Sir J. L. Lush ington, Sir 0. Pollock, and M<yor General Sir Harry Smith. Parliament will be applied to, It is said, for an appropriation of ?100,000 to cover the expenses! A pro gramme of the procession has been published, filling more than a column of the largest daily journal. Mere thao twenty thousand persons will be assembled within St. Paul's Cathedral. Unheard-of price scare paying for win dows, Ac. from which to view the spectacle. Every foot of ground round the ohurohes in the Strand will be filled with seats, and occupiecfat high prices?a new applica tion of church property 1 The house of Mr.. Dakins, the tea dealer, at the corner of St. Paul's Chureh yard, will j realue % 1,000, it is said, by the oocupanyof its windows, I and Mr. Gtherington, the shawl merchant In Ludgate street, expects to rent his for $1,500. This is oertainly doing a good business. Abroad the political horizon is olouded and ominous. Loom Napoleon's attitude is too mysterious not to be a subject of anxiety. Tho other great Continental Powers are, one and all, engaged in a crusade against liberty at home, and looking threateningly at the few remains of free institution* ntill existing around them. Biloium, wlneh has ahown iUelf worthy the free constitution it has eiyoyed since the revolution, is threatened by Franoe. I irdmont is menaced both by Austria and France. Swit 2E?M?n is in jeopardy. The smaller States of Giimant bow beneath the dictation of the greater. Tuekst is convulsed in her own Internal affairs, whilst Russia is anxiously looking on, ready to take the earliest advan tage of her distress, and to push the empire of the Ctars further eastward. Each and all of these circumstance. will require the vigilant attention of Engli*h statesmen; their consequences mast be anticipate, their probable res.lt* prepared for. There is a great weight to be borne by the British Cabinet; there are most important affairs requiring the serious contemplation, it may be the most vigorous action, of minds of the highest order and capa bility. We will not siyr that the present British Minister* do not posse** such mind*, but we think we can truly state that a very great majority of their fellow-subject* do not give them credit for any thing of the kind. A very pleasing incident of the week ha* been the ap pearaeee of Mr. Maoaulav at Edinburgh in renovated health, and his delivery to his constituents of a very bril liant speeoh. He keenly oritioiaed the inconsistencies of the present Ministry, and reoomsaendsd the people to in sist on a strict maintenance of free-trade principles. Ha advocated a great enlargement of the franchise, and hoped ere long to see a liberal Government in power again. He stated, however, that he would not himself again take office. The weekly returns of the Bank of England present some considerable changes, indicative of life and business. The circulation has decreased ?549,9*24; the bullion, ?426,143; the public depositee, ?449,222; aud the pri vate ones increased ?602,799. The drain upon the bul lion is expected to continue some time. The amount now held iB $21,244,815, the circulation ?28,100,216. There is no alteration in the terms of the money market. Money continues easy and abundant. The funds are firm, with little business doiug. The demand for foreign stocks of known stability is increasing. The Turkish loan is repu diated by the Sultan; but, as he has offered to pay ?160,000?about 7j per cent, upon the ?2,000,000 sub scribed?to the stockholders, sales are still effected at 8? to 4 per eent. Railway shares and mining stook are also firm and in demand. The Registrar General's quarterly return of marriages, births, and deaths in England shows a great increase in all three, and indicates great activity in all the sources of employment, but uo general diminution in the causes of mortality. The marriages during the quarter were 40,007, or 5,280 more than in the corresponding quarter of 1848. In geueral, in the ports from which emigrants sail, an unusual number of marriages were celebrated. The births registered in the quarter were 151,193, being 31,371 above the number in the corresponding quarter of 1849. Within the last twelve months 621,260 children have been enrolled on the national registers. The deaths during the quarter were 100,497, and, as the births were 151,193, there was an inorease of 60,696. The emigration from English ports was 94,925. If all these emigrants were English people, there would be a diminution of 44,229 in the population; but, as a large proportion of the emigrants who sail from Liverpool are of Irish birth, the diminution of English populatiow can not be ascertained; it is known, however, to be very con siderable. The total emigration from all the ports in the United Kingdom, where there are Government emigration offi cers, was? To the United States 62,579 To British North America 7,116 To the Australian Colonies 38,6^1 To all other placcs ...; 940 Total 109,236 The emigration from Loudon was 21,788, of whom 14,966 were for Australia. The principal Theatrical event is the production, at the Princws Theatre, of a new play, in five acts, called " Anne Blake," written by Mr. J. W. Marston. The leading characters were finely supported by Mr. and Mrs. Chab. Kean, and the play is pronounced to be a work of great merit and worthy the author's previously-acquired repu tation. The gentlemen who concoct the " comic scenes" for those merry annuals the Christmas Pantomimes have been greatly perplexed this year, as the Lord Chamber lain's deputy, the examiner of plays, has cut out many of their best jokes, and refused to license many telling scenes, on account of personal or political allusion. Among other objects of ridicule, Napoleon the Little and his deeds come in for more than an ordinary share. The censor has, however, destroyed all disagreeable allusions to the future Emperor of France. The militia and the "dig gings" are nearly the only subjects which may be han dled with impunity. We notice the following among the new books announ ced : " Annetti," by W. F. Deacon, with a memoir of the authir by Justice Talfocbd; a new novel by the author of "Imily Wyndham;" the " Kinnears," a Scottish story; the ' Marvels of Science, and their testimony to Holy Writ,' by S. W. Fcllom; the "Coming Struggle with Home, not Religious, but Political," by Rev. P. Connel ly; " Lectures on English Poetry," by the Earl of Bel fast; -Pilgrimages to English Shrines," 2d series, by Mrs. S. C. IIall; Thackebat's "Lectures on English Humorifts;" "Buenos Ayres and the River Plate," by Mr. W. McCann ; " Poetics, an Essay on Poetry," by E. S. Dallai; the "Retrospective Review," new series. A series of tules in the French language, by M. Exile Sou vestke, is spoken of in the highest terms by a writer in Blackwood's Magazine. They are pronounced to be " writ ten for the fireside and the promotion of its tranquil joys, full of literary ability, and highly correct in tone and feel ing." The tales " Un Diilosophe tout Ut Toils" and " Let Dernier Pay tarn" are both highly praised; as are also " Au Coin du Feu" and " SoUs la TonneJle," which form the first and second instalments of a series of tales enti tled "Romans des Families;" a third series of which, " Vans la J'rairie," is announced, but has not yet reached England. All M. Souvestbb's tales inculcate some home truth or moral precept, and are eminently adapted for domestic perusal. They supply a desideratum in French literature. Quietly and steadily the preparations for the Empire are being made in France. The Senate assembled yes terday, when ten members demanded that the people should be consulted respecting the re-establishment of the Empire. M. Focld, Minister of State, declared that the Government did not oppose the proposition, which was re ferred to a special commission, whose report will be pre sented on Saturday. It has often been surmised that the President, in settling the order of succession in the Bona parte family, would exolude Jerome and his son on ac count of the democratic oareer of the latter while a mem ber of the Legislative Assembly. This is, however, now contradicted ; and it is asserted that the ex-King and his son Napoleon Bonaparte are to be recognised in the im perial Senatus Consttitum as the next heirs to the throne, failing the direct descendants of Louis Napoleon him self; but that the President has reserved to himself the right of substitution. It is reported that on the day of the proclamation of the Empire Napoleon intends to grant a very extensive amnesty for political offences. All those who have been obliged to leave France without a legal judgment will he permitted to return. The journals which have received warnings will be relieved from the cffects of that measure. The Vienna correspondent of the Time* says: " Neither Russia, Austria, nor Prussia will in any way interfere with the internal arrangements of the French ; bet, on the other hand, they will not permit any the least violation of the territorial arrangements made in 1815. In my correspondence which appeared in the Times of the 18th this matter was treated hypothetically, but what is now said deserves full confidence. Should France at any time think fit to cross the Belgian frontier, the lat ter has nothing to fear for its ultimate integrity. It will naturally have to bear the first shock, but little more. Should any hostile demonstration be made in Italy it will also be considered by the allies as a violation of existing treaties, and resented accordingly. Of course, no threats have been held out to the President, but he is well assur ed that his glorj will be most evanescent if he does not make peace the protectress of his new creation." Abd-il-Kakkr is the lion of the day at Paris, and is entertained with reviews, ftftcs, visits to Versailles, be. The ex-Emir appears to be an accomplished gentleman, and a man of great shrewdness and sagacity. Spain yields two small items of intelligence; one is, that a ship-of-the-line, carrying ninety-aix guns, and nam ed La Reina Dona Isabel II, was launched at Caraca on the 13th ultimo. The event is worth recording, inasmuch as it is ninety-five years since the launch of the last lirst olass vessel at Caraca. The other item Is, that the Span ish Government has appointed Gen. Mascil bb la Concha to represent the Spanish army at the funeral of the Duke of WtLLiNnroN. It is further stated that the Govern ment intends to offer for sale the Spanish salt works. The questions which have been discussed at Rome be tween Sir Hbnby Bvlwbb and Cardinal Antohblli have been broaght to a close. The oonduct of the Irish clergy is disapproved of both by the Pope and the Cardinal. It is well known that the Papal Court looks forward with great interest to the approaching Parliamentary debatos upon the subjeot, and fears as much the headlong advo cacy of the Irish Catholic members as the open opposi tion of the High Church Protestants. With resptct to the destiny of Henbt Mubkat, an assurance has been given that his life will be spared, and the oapital punish ment commuted into imprisonment. The gratifying intelligence reaches us from Naplbs that the King has oommnted the sentences of a large bumber of politiooal prisoners, and ordered the proceedings against nearly two thousand persons, forty-fire of whom are in prison, to be stopped. ' ? A Ministerial crisis in Pikdmovt bus excited feelings of no ordinary solicitude respecting tbe probable course of events in tb&t country, as regards constitutional gov ernment and moderate progress. For the last three years thf councils of Victor Emakuil have been presided over by the Marquis D'Azious, a statesman mho has hitherto stood high among constitutional Liberals in his own coun try, and who, although adhering in* many respects to conservative opinions, has, up to the present time, been a party to all the measures of salutary reform which the people of Sa&dimu. have realixed. The Marquis, how ever, has of late begun to show a disposition to act more in acoordanoe with the views of the reactionary party, which is supported by the influence of the ultramontane clergy, and it is believed by that of France; the majo rity of the Cabinet holding to their liberal opinions, the Marquis and two of his colleagues have resigned, and the King has accepted their resignation. M. Cavour, the popular Minister ef Finance, has been charged with the formation of a new Ministry. It is well known that intrigues have for some time been carried on at the court of Turin, on the part of France, for the purpose of re storing in Piedmont the predominance of the clergy, and re-establishing in that country the old restriction on the press. The same ends that have been pursued in Bel gium have formed the aim of French diplomacy in North ern Italy. It is hoped that Aziuus has yielded rather through a want of firmness and resolution under great difficulties, than to any conscious aberration from person al rectitude, to this act of inconsistency and derogation from his previous high conduct. Great confidence is placed in the firmness of the King of Sardinia. Much will depend upon him. A great cause is in his hands? | the cause of constitutional monarchy in Southern Europe. The future of Italy and the safety of his own dominions may be alike influenced for many years to oome by his conduct in this trying hour. Should he unhappily falter, or be overborne in his successful efforts to resist the in fluences in league against him, the cause of moderate liberty will have sustained a grievous check, and the prosperity and peace of Piedmont will be overhung with darkness for many a day to come. We are sorry to hear that the prospects of a favorable issue to the Ministerial crisis in Turin have within these few days been considerably overcast. " A Ministry of conctmon" is now contemplated. A letter from Milan in the Turin Opiniont states that numerous arrests hav?^suddenly been made by the Aus trian police. Other arrests have been made at Como and Lodi. The appointment of M. Dklfosse as President of the Belgian Chamber of Representatives has been considered as an act of hostility towards Louis Napoleon, as M. Delkohse is a political friend of the late Minister M. Or ban. A new Cabinet holding the same opinions as M. Dklfosse will not yield to the intimations of the French agents who recommend the passage of a bill against the liberty of the press. Such a Cabinet has, in fact, been formed, with M. dk Brouckere at the head of it. It is considered a moderate and temperate one. It may, how ever, be justly set down as one warmly devoted to the constitution of Belgium, as well as to the monarchy and dynasty of King Leopold. It is generally admitted that it will have a working majority in both chambers. The news from Germany is trifling and unimportant. The deputation of the Prussian army which is to attend the funeral of the Duke of Wellington will be composed of Baron Hillkr, General of Infantry, on the retired list, two aides-de-oamp of the King, and the colonel and some officers of the twenty-fifth regiment of infantry, of which the Duke was the commandant. Baron Hiller is the only Prussian officer now living who commanded a con siderable body of troops at Waterloo. In addition to this official deputation, more than forty generals and officers of the staff will attend. The Priuce of Prussia will also be present. Austria is perfectly barren of intelligence. The Diet of Frankfort has not yet commenced its sittings. The King of Sweden is suffering uuder severe indispo sition. With respect to Turkey and the Sultan's repudiation of the loan which was negotiated by his own Minister at Paris, Prince Callimakj, we are willing to believe that neither the monarch M0T his ministers have wilfully done wrong. They negotiated the loan in good faith, and In tended to fulfil the contract. But there is a party in Turkey stronger, on some points, than the Sultan him self. The Koran, like the Mosiac law, forbids usury, and though Mahometans break the law for their own conve nience, it still exists to be enforced when that serves a purpose. By the Ulemas and Muftis the reigning Sultan is regarded as a bad Mussulman, and they have formed a party against him. The loan was a violation of the reli gious law | it enabled that party to enlist the religious feelings of the people and many persons of the Court against the Sultan. It gave into the hands of his oppo nents a weapon he could not resist, and he is understood to have succumbed to the ultra-Mussulman s party. The credit and character of the Government have received a deep wound ; a considerable pecuniary loss will ha^e to be sustained at a time when the Turkish treasury is ex hausted ; but the rtligiout party in Turkey has triumphed. An ecclesiastical principle has been followed in secular matters, and disgrace and loss are the consequences. The Turkish Government is to be pitied for its weakness, and for its being so much under the control of fanaticism. If this interpretation of the Turkish difficulty be the correct one, and it receives many corroborations, then re ligion, which, when of the genuine description, is uni formly a peace-maker and a healer of differences, has, under some of its false guises, led to the degradation of Turkey, to the late difficulties in Belgium, and to the existing ones in Piedmont. In fact, it is at the root of all the mischief which is evident, and of mueh of that which is brewing in Europe, and it may be safely foretold that if war upon a large scale ever again desolate* this quarter of the globe, it will be a war avowedly opon political grounds, but really and truly upon falsely called religious ones? a war between Roman Catholicism and Protestantism. The Turkish Sultan, however, does not admit that he has acted upon compulsion, but alleges that the negotia tors of the loan had, in various ways, exceeded their in structions, both as to the terms of the loan and its amount, and Vkly Pacha, the new ambassador at Paris, is charged to explain to the French Government and bankers the motives of the non-ratification of the loan. Prince Calli maki, who negotiated the loan, has been recalled, and the late Minister of Fiuance at Constantinople has been ar rested, and thus the Sultan's reasons assume a degree of consistency. Some of onr journals find a third cause for the degrading position in which Turkey is placed in the manoeuvres of Russia and France to obtain an asoendency in the Divan, and an ally in the Sultan. It may be so, but we are not politically keen sighted enough to perceive It. No news whatever from the Cape or from India. FROM OUR PARIS CORRESPONDENT. Paris, November 4, 1852. To-day the Senate convenes for the consideration of the petitions which have been collecting during the last four months from all the thirty-seven thou sand communes of France, under tho immediate superintendence of the mnyors, acting at the insti Stion of the prefects, who doubtless received orders >m the Minister Pershiny at Paris. This Minis ter, himself the most able, active, trusted, and I may add the trustworthy and respectable of all the agents of tho Prince, performs notoriously no other rdlr than that of executing the IVinoe's will, implioitly, thoroughly, withont question, withont hesitation. He is a remarkable instance of that absolute de votedness to Louih NaPot.KON which the first Na poleon possessed in so eminent a degree the gift of inspiring. He has said, upon an important occa sion to which I shall have ocoaaion to refer in tho aequo I of this latter, " I have not hesitated to make myself the soldier of a man, of a family." And again, alluding still to his connexion with Louis Napoleon, " At an e?<x:h when every body wishes to command, and nobody to obey, I glory in having understood obedifcnoe, and in having limited my ?wn liberty, with the view of assuring and enlarging the liberties of mj country. I am proud to have adopted the device of that generous Bohemian King who came to die at Crecy, for the cause of France?that device modest, but which has its grandeur, too?-^ir ten"?(I serve.*} With such a man at the head of the Department of the Interior and immediate chief of the prefeot*, himself im mediately and intimately in communication with the Prince Louis Naj-olkon, it cannot,be doubted, under the intense centralization which is established in France, that the petitions which the Senate will to-day take into con sideration are gotten up by order of the Prince himself. The term spontaneity becomes a ridiculous solecism when applied to them. They are spontaneous just as, and not otherwise, that combustion is spontaneous which takes place when a vast mass of highly inflammable materials, carefully prepared for the. purpose, is suddenly iguited, and blazes up furiously upon the application of hundreds of lighted matches by agents stationed about it for the express purpose. But the oombustion is not the less real for wanting some of the elemeuts of spontaneity. There is a splendid conflagration, a magnificent feu d'artifice. So it is with the petitions for the Empire. I have little doubt that they will prove to have been signed by at least seven of the ten millions of men in France. But this will have been done by the immense majority without any settled intelligent comprehension of what ^hey were doing. It is but another evidence of the proverbial fickle ness of the French, of their ignorance, of their utter want of any fixed political principle, of the facility with which they take any direction pointed out by the rulers of the moment, shouting, as thousands of them still living have done, Vive Louis XVI! Vive la Republique ! Vive l'Empe reur! Vive Louis XVIII! Vive Louis Philippe! Vive la Republique! Vive l'Empereur! In six months from this time, if the Count of Chambokd should be in the Tulleries and have had time to send his instructions to the same thirty-thousand mayors, the same seven millions would be heard shouting Vive Henry V ! Vive le petit-fils de Henrie IV I Vive le descendant de notre grand roi Louis XIV1 Abas l'Empire! Oh! what a comment upon the famous phrase vox populi vox dei is furnished by the voice of universal suffrage in Franoe! The form of the senatus comultum which will promptly issue from the grave body whioh convenes to-day at the palaoe of the Luxembourg is not positively known ; but there seems to be pretty general consent as to its purport. It will give the hereditary empire to Louis Napoleon and his direct male heirs. He will have the right of adopting an heir even out of his family in case his own issue should fail. In cose of failure of direct issue, and of heir by adoption, the empire will devolve, it is believed, collaterally upon Jerome (brother of the Emperor) and his male heirs, to the exclusion of the American branch of that family. It is moreover believed that the largestoonstituent powers will be again remitted to Leuis Napoleon; which he will use to put political and oivil institutions in' accord with his new title, and to establish by his own ipse dixit several important legislative measures, to whioh, in the absence of the dictature, the sanction of the Corps Legislative would be necessary. Not that thero is any question that this sanctiou would be given ; there is not the least doubt of this; but dictatorially is the quicker way, the more agree able, and the preferable, in that it dispenses with the co operation of a body, like the President himself, of popu lar origin, and whioh it is therefore policy to keep as much as possible in the back ground. I have in former letters argued that the coming empire, from its military character, from the name and fixed opin ions of the Emperor, and from the numerous obligatory cir cumstances by which it will be surrounded, will not be, and cannot be, the peace which was promised in the speech of Bordeaux. I have shown how irresistibly it will be driven first to the enlargement of its borders by war, if need be, to what are called the natural limits of France ; and after wards, it is to be feared, even when the Emperor himself woald fain stop, to wars of universal conquest. Let me give to-day some other evidence going to show how dangerous it will be for Europe to trust to the pacific de clarations of Bordeaux, nnd cease to regard war as pro bable in preseuce of the undiminished armies of France aud of the unprecedented activity which still reigns in all the dock-yards of the empire. France is armed cap-a-pie. It is making immense naval preparations. Its object is to teas to pieces the treaties of 1815, to extend the French empire to the Rhine and the Alps?by intimidation if pos sible ; by war if need be! And after that the peace of Europe will still be eminently precarious. Europe will be in presence of the most powerful and the best-appoint ed army the world ever saw ; and there will be Moscou and Leipiic, and, above all, Waterloo to avenge. The Em peror might be willing to stop at the Alps and the Rhine but would the army, and can the empire, be stopped there! Xous verrone. The following note of Napoleon's confidential and favo rite diplomate, Caulaincourt, addressed to the represen tatives of the allies at the epoch of the first invasion, shows bow the Emperor felt at the prospect of " restrict ed boundaries," other than the Alps and the Rhine, for France: " Paris, January 19, 1814. ?* The point upon which the Emperor mott m$uts it the ne cessity of preferring to France its natural boundaries. That is a condition sine qutl non. All the Powers, England even, reoognised these limits at Frankfort. France, re duced to its ancient limits, would not have at the present day two-thirds of the relative power which it possessed twanty years ago. What she has gained on the Rhine does not compensate what Russia, Austria, and Prussia have gained by the dismemberment of Poland. All these States have enlarged their boundaries; and the reduction of France to her ancient condition would be to degrade and humiliate her. France, without the departments of the Rhine, without Belgium, without Ostend, without Antwerp, would be nothing. The system of reducing France to her ancient limit* is inseparable from the re-establishment of the Bourbons: betauae they alone could offer systematic guaranty. England is well persuaded of that. H'tM ang other system, peace upon such a basis would be impossible, and could not last. Heither the Emperor nor the Republic (if revolutions should cause the Republic to reappear) would ever subscribe to such a condition. As for his Majesty, his resolution is taken, and it is immoveable. Jit will not leave France less in extent than when he received it. If, then, the Allies should determine to change the bases which hare been projtosed and accepted?the natural boundaries?the Emperor sees but three courses f*r him to lake: these are to fight and conquer; to fight and die glo riously ; or finally, if the natwn should not sustain him, to abdicate. He does not cling to grandeurs, and he would never purchase their continuance by degradation. " Caulaincourt, Duke of Vincenza." In support of my opinion that Louts Napoleon persists in the opinions above expressed: that the realization of them is one of the " Napoleonian ideas" the most fixed in hit mind; that it will be one of the fixed purposes of the Etnpire about to be established by him; and that, there fore, notwithstanding the Bordeaux speech, the "Empire" is not likely to be " peace," let me quote from the Mbniteur of the 29th September, 1840, now before me, the following passages from a speech of Louis Napoleon himself. It was delivered on the 28th September, 1840, before the Court of Peers in Paris, upon the occasion of his trial for the attempt in August of that year at Boulogne to overthrow Louis Philippe and usurp the empire. He said: ?? My uncle, the Emperor, preferred to abdicate the empirearather than accept, by treaties, the restricted frontiers which would leave France exposed to insults tand threats such a* foreign Powers now permit themselves with regard to her. I have not breathed a day m fori'tful net* of inch teachingt. The undeserved and cSuel pro scription which has bnrdened my life for the last twenty fire years, from the steps of the throne upon which 1 was bofrn to the prison which I have this moment left, has been powerless to irritate as it has been to fatigue my spirit. It ha* not estranged me for a tingle day front the dignity, the glory, the right*, the interest* of Fravce. My conduct and my conviction* explain each other. When, in 18.10, the people reconquered its sovereignty, I trusted that the morrow of the conquest would be loyal as had been the conquest itself, and that the destinies of France were forever fixed. Bat the oountry has undergone the sad experience of the last ten years. I have thought that the vote of four millions of oititens which had elevated my family imposed upon us at least the duty to make an ap penl to the nation, and to interrogate its will. 1 have even thought that if, in the National Congress which I desired to convoke, any pretensions could make themsel res henrd, I should have the right to awaken there the daixling souvenirs of the empire, to speak there of the elder brother of the Kmperor, that virtuous man, who before me is the Emperor's worthy heir, and to place in view, face to face, France of the present day, enfeebled, passed silently by ? M.n? Pannorr has In fact adopted this motto, Je nm. It appears now upon all bis carriages and opon his M*U, with armorial bearing* of his own invention. He prill doubtless be ennobled by the new Kmperor. iu the Congress 0/ Kings, and France as she then was, so strung at hon^, so powerful, so respected abroad. The uiitiou would have answered : Republic or Monarchy; Umpire or Roy nit jr. * * * * * One word more: Mi-ssieurs, 1 represent before you a principle, a cause, a Jef eat. The principle is the sovereignty of the people; the cause is the Empire; the defeat, Waterloo. You have recoguuied the principle; you have served the cauaej you would avenge the deiVat." We know with what tenacity Loi'is Napoleon holds to bis "ideas." We know with what unwavering faith he pursues his ends amid the most discouraging circum stances, across oceans, athwart difficulties and trials of every sort, ever sure of finally arriving. His pursuit oh the title and power of Emperor sufficiently shows this. He has reached that point. lie reigns absolutoly over Frauoe, and will, ere two months shall pass, have added the title to the power of Emperor. Will he be oontent to reign over aotual France, with her "restricted frontiers," restricted " by the treaties" of 1815, imposed upon France by her conquerors, the conquerors of Xapoleox IT He must know little of Louis Napoleon who thinks so. His uncle thopght that "without Belgium," short of "the natural boundaries," (Rhine and the Alps,) " France was nothing," France was " degraded and humiliated." He himself has not " breathed a day in forgetfulness of such teachings ;" and let the world now be assured that "the empire" he has achieved will not be "peace" till, by treaty or by arms, its limits shall be enlarged to those lines which he holds to be traoed by honor, and by nature herself, as the bounds of the French empire. A Bourbon monarchy would easily content itself with such a limited territory. So might an Orleanist monarchy. Respect for foreign nationalities, its anti-military character, its grand principle, the promotion of national wealth and prosperity by development of the middling eitizen class, and protection of its interests; all these con* siderations would assure an unaggressive pacific policy under the rule of Orleans Princes. No sense of personal humiliation would accompany them in pur suing suoh a policy. They would have known, as sove reigns, no other boundaries of France than those it ac tually possesses. Even the Republic, notwithstanding the contrary opinion of Napoleon, expressed above by Caulaincoubt, might now be satisfied with France as it is. There would be no necessary " solidarity" between the Republic of 1798 and that of 1853, that would make the latter deem it a point of honor to recover all the foreign territory which the former seized and handed down to the Emperor. A new French Republio would probably, by an ardent, fierce military propagandism, strive to make all Europe democratic : but it might be able to content itself Bhort of making all Europe French. This would be difficult, I grant. France has such dis astrous defeat, such deep humiliation to avenge since 1812 ; the people are so impulsive, warlike, and unscru pulous, so vain and fond of glory, that itwould be almost impossible, with a really popular Government, to divert them flrom a war of aggression: But a peace policy, dif ficult under a Republic, becomes impossible under a mili tary Empire, trith a Bonaparte for chief. War would seem to be the normal natural condition of such an em pire. The empire about to be re-established is as truly military as it was under the first Bonapahte. The mili tary element is evidently the prevailing one. Besides the natural proclivity to war inherent in such an empire? a proclivity which the first Emperor, it is believed, found himself unable to resist, and which even more than his own ambition is supposed to have dictated many of his aggressive measures?the new Emperor will have, urging him in that direction, not only his own ambition, but an ever-present sense of humiliation and obligation upon him, resulting from the indivisible solidarity he establishes between his own empire and that abased and overthrown in 1815. He "represents," and he never for one mo ment forgets it, he tolls us, " a cause, the Empire ; and a defeat, Waterloo!" Every thing goes to show that he will not deem that cause worthily represented or that " defeat avenged" till he shall have torn to pieces the " restricting treaties," and restored the boundaries of* France as they were when Napoleox L " received" France from the Republic. France must not appear in history less under a Bonaparte than under the Republic from which the Bonaparte's received it. And again: We have further evidence that war, if ne cessary for the territorial aggrandizement of France, is likely to follow the re-establishment of the Empire, drawn from this same trial of 1840. M. de Persiosv, Minister of the Interior, the devoted and audacious executor of the covp (ft/at of 2d December, and at this moment the most talented, the most influential, and the favorite of Louis Napoleon's Ministers, was one of the accused upon that occasion. The speech which he then delivered is not without interest, as throwing light upon the character and opinions of one who, after the Emperor himself, is the most powerful man in France, not only from the im | portant function he fills, but from his influencs with the Prince. He said in his defence before the Court of Peers : I" Messieurs les Pairs : It is now seven years since a pro found study of the great consular and imperial epoch, at compared in my mind with the actual epoch, caused me to devote myself to the worship of the Napoleonian ideas. This worship explains to yo? my devotion to the illustrious race which personifies those ideas, and to the aoble Prince who is here their representative. To assure the triumph of those ideas, full of promise as I thought for the glory, the grandeur, and the liberties of my country, I did not hesitate to make myself the soldier of a man of family. # * # * # jt would require a worthier and more elo quent voice to utter hem Napoleonian language and unrol before you its magnificent grandeurs. It does nSt belong to an humble soldier of that idea to make himself its apos tle before so illustrious an auditory ; to him, as to every citiicn, the part of weeping and groaning over the disas ters which have overthrown its empire; to him as to every soldier, the part of shedding tears over the great calamity of Waterloo ! Senators of the Empire,* tell us what would not have been the grandeur of France but for the disasters of 1814 and 1815 f What would not yon yourselves be at the present moment ? Recall for a mo ment to mind the rGU that was assigned you by the im perial constitutions ; think of that which reserved for you, when minds so long divert?d from attention to domestic troubles by the bulletins of oar victories should at least, under the reign of a general peace, be directed upon the debates of onr Assemblies; and think especially of that thousand times grander role which was destined to you under the successors of the first Napoleon, when the genius of the great Emperor descending with him to the tomb should have bequeathed to you the heritage of his power; would your wisdom and intelligence have been then consecrated to the sad duty of judging and punishing the victims of our ceaseless dissensions ? No, no. De bates such as this would not be heard in these walls. Ar biters of the world's destinies, It is vanquished Kings whom yon would see at this bar, come to implore the new Roman Senate 1 When imperial France fell, all Europe leagued against us. was animated with but one thought, and that was to wenken France. O&r military deport ments were lopped off; our fortresses were seized upon or destroyed; and nt all points of our new frontiers roads were prepared to facilitate new invasions; we were be girdled, in fine, with a belt of iron ; and nothing within the compass of modern strategy was omitted to ensure our subjection. And still this was not enough. To restore confidence to Europe, terrified at the recollection of our victories, it was necessary to throw in our midst an eter nal 'principle of division and weakness," &o. When the Prince, absolute master of France, and his most confidential Minister thus speak, is it possible to believe ?? the Empire'' con mean "peace?" r Several of the Senator* or the former Empire were mem ber* of the Chamber of Peer*, and fitting a* judge* on tfci* trial. ? * ?" 'i -*? - ~*-=?1n ? ''' ' FOR SALE, tHOarrea rich Cotton Laud in Missi?.-ip pi. It lie* on the Tomblgbee river, only a few mile* from the flourishing town of Aberdeen, which now co^ain* about 5,000 inhabitant*. Steamboat* from Mobile pa** regularly to Aber deen, and the contemplated railroad from Jack*on, the capi tal of the State, to Na*hville will paw directly by or near .hi* land. The country about Aberdeen >* fettled op largely by Virginian*, and the above property preaent* a nattering in ducement to any one wishing to emigrate to the rich cotton land* on the Tombigbee. It will be *o!d or exchanged on reaaonable term* for land* in Ka*tern Virginia, or in any of the Northern or Middle State*, a* the owner ban left the South, and wi?he* to clo*e up hi* bu*inee* there. .Addrc**. poet paid, AMBROSE! P. MKRRILL, *ept 22?3mwp Frankfort. Maine. C'lHHifmPHICK NKALK continue* the Practice of I j Law in the *uperior and inferior Court* of Law and Chan cery of Alexandria and Fairfax eountie* and in the Superior Court of Prince William ; al*o. In the Supreme Court ?f the United State*. He wiHin future attend tho Court of Appeal* at Richmond, Virginia, and will attend to the protecution of claim* before Congre** or any of tha public Department* of tho General Oorerninent.?Alexandria, K<*, wp 7?oafOm SOIL ANALYSES. A writer in the Hampshire ami Fraukliu Express, published ut Amheret, Ma?sachusett?; bears the fol lowing testimony to the value of boil analyses : Mr. Woo. P. Dickinson, of Hadley, had a field of eight acre* thoroughly grown over with moss, almost as thick und matted aa the wool on the back of a sheep that will give a ten-pound tieece. The land of course must have been exceedingly unpromising for any crop. He procured an analysis of it by the late Professor Norton, and was told that it was deficient in two or three ingredient#, which could be cheaply supplied. For the analysis and a long letter, advising how to supply the deficiencies in the cheapest possible manner, he paid $10, and was laughed at, as commonly hflppens when a man veutures a Btep out of the beaten track. He ploughed that field and treated it in every respect as Professdr Norton advised, with the exception of here and there a couple of rows, which were cultivated as he would have cultivated tlie whole if he had not been otherwise advised. The result is a crop of corn, now in the field, equal to perhaps twenty bushels to the acre where cultivated in the old way, aud very nearly fifty where cultivated as Mr. Norton advised. This, I know, all might have been, aud yet there be no increase of profit, for the extra corn aud fod der (both more than doubled) might have cost more than they are worth. Ilut it was not so in thfs case. Mr. D., after keeping an exact accouut of the expense, gives it as bis deliberate opinion that the increased profit, in con sequence of Mr. Norton's advice, is at Juast fifty dollars this year; and, besides this, he has better hopes for that land hereafter, and has, moreover, several fields of similar land adjoining that to which Mr. Norton's prescription will apply, lie values the advice much higher than its cost for its future application to each of those fields. Now, may it not be desirable for farmers tb pay for ana lyses ? / Da. Jonathan Cowdeby, the senior Surgeon in the United States Navy, died at Norfolk <m? Saturday night last, in the 87th year of his age. H^ . was born in the town of Sandisfield, Massachusetts, Ap*H,2-d, 1767, and received an appointment as Assistant Surgeon in the Navy of the United States under the*administration of John Adams, bearing date January 1, 180Q, He served on board the frigate Philadelphia in th? YYeat Igdies and in the Mediterranean?the first cruisfe.,^. the West In dies under the oommand of the elder Commodore Decatur; the second in the Mediterranean undeis <?be command of Com. Samuel Barron; the third, in the Mediterranean under the command of Capt. Baiiibridgej lh the squadron commanded by Com. Preble. During this cruise the ship was stranded on the coast of Tripoli, on the 31st of Octo ber, 1803, where the whole crew, consisting of three hun dred and fifty officers and men, were made prisoners by the Turks, and detained in Tripoli nearly, two years, un der much suffering, when tfeey were relieved by a treaty and returned home. Dr. Cowdery was promoted under the administration of Mr. Jefferson to the rank of Sur geon in the Navy on the 27th of Novewher, 1804, and was ordered from New York to the Norfolk station. From that time (says the Norfolk Beacon) he " has looked upon Norfolk as his home; and few men have borne a more unblemished character, or been ^eld in such high and universal esteem for all the qualities of head and heart that constitute the efficient otficer and worthy citizen." Tub NkwHampshibe Test.?This question has been so recently and so warmly discussed, and public sentiment, especially with the friends of Gen. Pibbce, was so em phatically against the test, that we supposed the Demo cracy of New Hampshire weuld, at the earliest moment, expunge it from their Constitution. THlfrtJ is not, how ever, a word in Gov. Mabtin's address to the Legislature of that State, delivered on the 17th ingiaai, in relation to the test, though his Excellency was not unmindful of va rious other questions of public interest. He drew the at tention of the Legislature to a new valufifhin of taxable property; the condition of the State d&mait?; the laws for the collection of debts ; recommended- further legislation for the protection of persons employed on railroads and in manufactories; and referred, with natural pride, to the result of the Presidential election. But no word or sign was given to the clause in the- constitution of that State which disfranchises the Catholic portion of its citizens.?Albany Journal. Naval.?It is reported that the steamer Princeton, lately furnished with new boilet*s at Baltimore, cannot proceed with the contemplated expedition to Japan en account of her boilers having been condemned by the En gineers at Norfolk. It is said that not more than fifteen inches of steam can be kept on he*, "fcnd that her speed is but six miles an hour; in ccftVsequence of which Com. Perky has left Norfolk for AthU. city, to endeavor to have the steamer I'oirhatan substituted to occupy her place in his squadron. ' The Wink Harvest of ihe-present year at Hermann, Missouri, has turned out favorable; the yield is 6,000 gallons ; and, if the crop is as good next year, it will be 1 o,000 to 20,000 gallons. lp the.town, which is mostly, inhabited by Germans, there arc already two hundred acres planted with 200,000 vines, all of which will be in bearing in two years, yielding 25,000 gallons in common seasons, and 50,000 in good ones. An acre of land in vines is reckoned to be worth"$1,000. Tug Bequest to Queen Yifto&ia.?It may perhaps b? recollected that an ecoentric and .aged'bachelor,? of the name of J. Camden Weimj, difd in England about three months since, possessed of property to the amount, aa is estimated, of two and a half trillions of doll&ra, the whole of which he bequeathed tethe Queen. On the will being presented for probate,, opposition was made, which has since been withdrawn, and the will haa been proved; but in the recent English papers we see it stated that the Queen will probably not accept the bequest, but will cause it to be divided amoagst the heirs of the testator, who, however, are distant. ?, .. 'A new silkworm, aiF we learn by the New l'ork Times, has been discovered by the Rev. Mr. Fitch, according to whom all the caterpillars of California are silkworms. They feed on the fdjage of the onk, which they prefer to any other food. Their cocoons are about one-third as large as those of tht Chinese worm, and the silk is strong, and of a yellow color; the thread being finer than that of our silkworm. Dtf Fitch was led to believe that this worm, if fed on the mulberry, would spin its cocoon as large as the Italian or Chinese worm. Military Riot at Newport.?The Newport (R. I.) Daily News nays that there was a serious riot in that town on Friday Bight last, cAused by sonxAlrunken sol diers from the United States garrison at Fort Adams. The watch attempted to arrest the soldiers, but were vio lently resisted, and the authority of the sheriff waft also disregarded. There were sixteen or eighteen soldiers en gaged in the affray, and one of them used a hatchet. Tbey all cscaped into the Fort, but some of them were recog nised, and ipeasures will be taken to bring them to pun ishment. Enulish G am*.?-It is no uncommon thing for English game to be sold in the New York market. Bome of it it brought out for the use of the English ?teamers, and the surplus sold on their arrival here. We heard of fire pairs of English pheasants sold on Saturday for five dollars a pair, and English hares at $l..r?0 a pieoe. The pheasants are natives of Asia. They have a beautiful plumage, elegant forms, and delicate flesh, and are choice birds with epicoros. The English hare is no better than the Ameri can rabbit, and to the taste of many not so good. The animals are very like each other, except that the hare is said to be more sagacious. The rabbit has become a very common American food. As a little incident connected with the purchase of game in this market, we learn tnst Delmonico, for the two houses alone, pays for this kind of food alone quite #18,000 a year, and game makes but a drop in the great ocean of expenditure.?Jour, of Corn. Swispliso is Nsw York.?A eout.tryman from the State ?f Maine, named T. II. Armstrong, arrived In New York on Friday lust with axe handles for sale, which he managed to dispone of during that day and the next. On Monday he took a ?troll through Chatham street, and, while passing one of the mdek auction rooms opposite the Park, was induced by the fascinating sounds proceeding from it, to enter, when he roon found himself in possession of a brass watch whie.h cost him fifty dollars. A Peter Funk watchmaker, who was standing kv, compassionated his loss, and took him to another shop of the same character, where he, as was represented, would get his money back and tom-thing besides. The latter he got, hut instead of getting the former, be now found himself minus one hundred dollars. Another friendly " Peter," whom he took to he a clergyman, then induced him to visit another shop, nod when he left that, the proceeds ot his axe helves, two hundred dollars, bad vanished, and all he had to show was a brass watch. Of his own accord, he called at the office of the Dis trict Attorney, to seek redress, and was there recommended to> the care of ofttcer Hurley, of the lower police court, who wenW with bin from one shop to another, until he frightened the auctioneers into returning the whole of the money, which wn* ?eeeived by tbo happy countryman with much satisfaction. [.four-mil e/ Commerce.