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NATIONAL INTELLIGENCES. FROM OUR LOND ON CORRESPONDENT. London, Octobeb 18, 1854. ?Many a time and oft," during the last few months, the despatches contained in the ' Jnvaliae Ruue " and the "Journal St. PcUrtburyh " havo afforded amusement to the English people. Xhe reports of the glorious capture of the stranded ? Tiger " and of the defeat of the English naval forces at Odessa are still fresh in their recollection. Now, however, the tables arc turned. There need be no more bragging ajx>ut the truth of English journalism, no more laughing at Russian exaggera tion. A hoax on so gigantic a 6cale as that lately perpetrated, day after day, by " the submarine and Eu ropean telegraphs," has rarely been recorded in the his tory of any nation. " The fall of Sebaatopol," with 18,000 Russians slain and 22,000 prisoners, exoited boundless enthusiasm throughout the length and breadth of England and France. Queen Victoria eagerly unfold ed her despatches at Balmoral; and Nafolkoh tub Thibd received the news in the midst of his army at Boulogne, and, with unoovered head, shouted, at the top of his voice, " Sebattopol ett prut !" The " rude throats " of the French artillery and the guns of the old Tower of Lou don simultaneously proclaimed the "glorious victory I" Every country town, every hamlet, every village nook was gladdened by the tidings of "great joy." Bells pealed from a thousand steeples, aod illuminations in many of the principal towns gave a ruddy brightness to the smiling faces of assembled thousands. But alas, alas, for all tiiis honest and heartfelt enthusiasm, the " un doubted confirmation" of the great news upon which it was founded first became doubted and unconfirmed, then avowedly 41 very much exaggerated," then altogether -"distrusted," then a " suspected fabrication," then an acknowledged " untruth," and then a " vile and abomi nable hoax," and, lastly, " a dishonest and unprincipled etock-jobbing and commercial speculation." The author of Tristram Shandy has something like the sentiment, " that every thing is big with jest, and has wit in it, and instruction, too, if we can but find it out." We cannot find out either the wit or the instruction contained in this cruel and monstrous falsehood. Would that we could in voke the spirit of Sterne to discover it for us 1 It is quite certain that the report did not arise from mere ex aggeration or from an aooidental misunderstanding. The intelligence came from so many different quarters, and was so cunningly corroborated by a variety of contem portneous telegraphs, that no doubt is entertained of the whole being a premeditated falsehood. Enough, how ever, yet remains to gratify the national and honor able desires of the Allies. The splendid victory achieved by them on the Alma raises the reputation of the French and English armies to the highest point, and almost gives assurance of the speedy reduction of Sebastopol. The British contingent had their share of the labor and danger of the day, and have gainod an ample proportion of the honor and glory of the viotory. When it is considered that nine-tenths of the British engaged in the battle of Alma had never previously seen a shot fired, except in the wuy of practice or amusement, it becomes evident that there is such a thing as innate cowage which, in certain races of men, may always be depended upon. It also proves that, although in the British army there may not be that elaborate and minute organization found in the military services of the continental States, yet the dis cipline is excellent, and the spirit of both officers and men makes up for any shortcomings of system. The British troops crossed a valley, forded a breast-high river, and asoended a steep slope under a tremendous fire. One of their regiments (the 28d) lost a large pro portion of its men before it came near the enemy, and yet they advanced with perfect coolness, and drove the well posted troops of the Czar from their batteries at the point of the bayonet. The Russians were, it is said, convinced that their position was unassailable; and probably relied as much on the redoubts of the Alma as on the fortifications of Stbastopol. They confess they expected to be able to hold their position for at least a fortnight, and their flight was the combined result of astonishment and terror. When they found their heights invaded and the shatter ed bands of their assailants leaping up with a cheer to their batteries they broke and fled. Yet to disparage the Russian troops would be to cheapen the bravery of their opponents. They fought well, and regained part of the credit vhioh they lost at Citate and Silistria. They carried tff their guns, and hardly a prisoner fell into the hands of the conquerors; the incompleteness of the su<J cess beirg chiefly to be ascribcd to tlio want of cavalry. The death of Marahal Sr. A&naud on the 20th Sep tember has mixed up national mourning, both in England and Frante, with the joy occasioned by the late news from the East. The Marshal had prievously (on the 27th) re signed the command of the French army to Gen. Can fcOBKKT. There is oertainly something very touching in the way it which the deceased French Marshal speaks of his health in his despatch written on the day after the battle. He was thought to be a dying man when he left Paris. Ilis physicians confidently predicted that he could not reach Mirseilles alive. The change of climate and excitement probably prolonged his life beyond the period it would have reached had he remained at home inactive. At Alma, it is said, he was held on his horse by two dra goons, who rode one on each side of him. The Marshal was in the 63d year of his age, and had seen a great deal of active service and experienced muoh of the severest hardships of war. Next to the war the corn trade is probably the most important objeot of consideration. The week has been a quiet one at Mark Lane ; but, althoagh operations have not been important, prices have been firm, and probably a trifle in advance. The following is a statement of the arrivals in that part of London during the quarter which ended 80th 8eptember last, and also the corresponding quartet of 1853: 1858. 1854. Wheat, qrs 497,718 207,787 Barley, qrs 118,960 69,170 Oats, qrs 471,223 304,498 Beans, qrs..... 24,751 34,444 Peas, qrs 4,858 3,996 Flour, bbls 86,381 38,893 Flour, sacks 89,898 31,801 The falling off is of course the arrivals of foreign grain; the ftreign wheat arriving in the two years be ing 453,589 lad 176,639 quarters respectively, and the foreign flour in barrels 86,881 and 38,893 respectively. The "National Balance Sheet" has been made up to the 10th instant, and ebows the following satisfactory re sults, on a comparison with the corresponding statement of last year: The revenue for the quarter shows an increase of ?550,188 The revenue fot the year an increase of 16,580 The excise for the quarter has in creased....A ?864,912 Stamps 12,096 Property tax 609,686 Post office...? 108,000 Crown lands 11,672 ? 1,056,266 The customs have decreased ?160,107 Taxes 12*,639 Miscellaneous 36,284 Repayments of advances 307,148 606,078 Increase for the quarter 650,188 The returns of the Bank of England show? Circulation ?19,964,920 Increase ?668,670 Discounts, &c... 16,912,843 Increase 1,426,762 Public deposites 5,786,582 Increase 423,010 Private do 9,924,277 Increase 166,920 Coin and bullion 18,069,870 Decrease.....'. 169,016 This statement presents some features of a decidedly unfavorable chiracter. The extraordinary increase in the private securities, to which nearly all other changes of importance are traceable, indicates an unusual pres sure fer money. If this pressure should continue the re mit must be an increase in the Bank charge of interest. The continued decrease of bullion also, notwithstanding the large arrivals, is an unfavorable symptom. The pub lto deposites also, considering the near approach of the dividend day, are lower than we like to see them. There ii little new In tie Literary world. The Direc* tors of the Liberal l'resa in Spain are gettiug up a sub scription to present Senor Quiktana, the celebrated vete ran litterateur, with a laurel crown in gold. The " Mode," a Paria journal, conducted by Viscount d'Ablixocoubt and a little knot of Legitimists, has been suspended for two months for a violent article against Lord Palmeb ston. Miss Janx La no tux, the god-daughter and " dear Mbs Jenuy " of Dr. Johnson, died recently at Richmond, aged seventy-ieven. With this lady has passed away the only survivor of all the persons mentioned in BosweW's Biography. Some interest is felt in a plan lately patented for doing the heavy work of a ship's crew by steam power. The inventor says his plan would save half the crew. A new department of the Board of Trade is about being estab lished, the objeot of which is to cause to be taken, in all parts of the world and registered in London, meteorolo gical observations upon Lieut. Maubt's plan. A distin guished scientific naval captain Is to be at the head of the new board. Death has lately been busy among people of some rank and note, Lord Dbnman and Sir Gkoboe Abtuub among the number. Mr. VY. H. Bartlktt, the author of the illustrated works the " Nile Boat," the " Pilgrim Fa thers," &c., and Mr. John Chapman, a civil engineer and an intelligent writer on commercial subjects, and the author of a very clever article in the current number of the "Westminster Review *' on the "Sphere and Dutiei of Government," are also lately deceased. Mrs. Fitz william and Mrs. Wabneb, both celebrated aotresses, (the first in comedy, the latter in tragedy,) have also been summoned from the earthly stage. The only news from France is the release of the revo lutionary prisoner Babbis, by order of the Emperor, in consequence of some patriotic sentiments expressed by Barbss in an address to bis oountrymen. A fire has destroyed three-fourths of the city of Memel, with all its churches, many warehouses, and property al together said to be worth ?2.000,000 sterling. Between seven thousand and eight thousand tons of hemp and flax have been burnt and much tallow. The concentration of Russian troops in Poland and of an Austrian corps near the frontier of Galliois begin to attract far more attention at present than the notes and rejoinders of German diplomacy. Affairs are progressing to a crisis in Denmark. Spain is quiet, and perfecting her new arrangements. Italy i very seldom mentioned in the newspapers. Mr. Buchanan and Miss Lamb have left town on a con tinental tour, Mr. 8icklks, the Secretary of the Lega tion, being accredited Charge d'affaires ad interim. A most grievous fire has ocourred at Newcastle-npon Tyne, during which one hundred and thirty tons of ni trate of soda and more than twenty thousand tons of sul phur and various other combustible material exploded. The loss of property is estimated at more than a million sterling. The loss of life is at present unknown. Eleven bodies have already been found in the ruins, a great nums ber of persons are badly wounded and maimed, and many yet unaccounted for. FROM OUR PARIS CORRESPONDENT. Paris, October 12,1854. Had I kept my letter of last week open, as I usually do, till the closing of the mail, I might have enclosed you a telegraphic despatch from \ i enna that readied Paris on the 5th, confirming completely the soundness of the argument by which, contrary to the universal and strong belief through out this country and England, I maintained that Sebastopol had not fallen. But I less regretted the omission knowing that the principal fact the con tinued possession of Sebastopol by the Russians would reach you by telegraph even before my let ter. At the present moment there are probably none, even among the most confident in the skill and prowess of the Allies, who believe that at this writing (12th October) any other than Russian colors float from the walls cf the beleaguered fortress. I am myself dis posed to adjourn for a week or ten days longer than the time indicated in my last the final surrender of the for tress. I begin to doubt whether it will bo taken at all exoept by starvation. Poor St. Arnaud, I suspect, was moro than half of my opinion. Were the truth known, I venture to affirm it would appear that, death-smitten as ' he was by the fatal disease under which he was known to ! be suffering, his death, at the critical moment it occurred, | was oaused less by the absolute exhaustion of his vital ! powers by the disease that held him its inevitable prey, j leas by the fatigue of body and mind, great though it wap, inoiclwat to his functions of commander-in-chief, than by disappointed military ambition. Sebastopol had not been taken by a coup de main. His hopes, his boast were not realized. The Rattle of Alma killed him. Untouohed though ho was by ball or bayonet, he should be numbered among its wounded and slain. The battle of Alma was a gallant aud glorious affair for the Allies. It was a great battU, but it was not a great victory. That day convinced him that tlio capture of Sebastopol was a longer and more difficult operation than he had anticipated. The pain, the shock, the revulsion of this conviction was too much for him; he sunk under it. The "deplorable" intelligence received by him three days after the battle (see Adm. Hamelin's report of the 27th) that the Russians had sunk seven ships across the mouth of the harbor of Sebastopol, and thus completely frustrated the Allied plan of attack, applied the finishing stroke. The Marshal resigned his command and died. That obstruction of the entrance of the port of Sebastopol was in fact a master ?stroke on the part of the Russians. The plan of the Al lies was to storm Fort Constantino and the outer works on the hills to the north of Sebastopol, and then, in the midst of a grand attack upon the principal works by all the land forces, the Allied fleets were, despite all ob stacles, and in face of all the cannons that could bo brought to bear upon them, to dash through the narrow passage into the very harbor, sink the Russian ships, and aid in battering the defences that might still resist. But the sinking the Russian ships at the mouth of the port rendered the execution of this plan impossible; and, with in four hours after the fact was oommunicated to Marshal St. Arnaud by Admiral Hamelin, a councilof war, which j was immediately callcd, decided to abandon all idea of operating against Sebastopol on the northern side, and to move around the fortress on the east to Balaklava, on the sea coast, seven miles south of Sebastopol, whence, after the landing of the stores and artillery, the regular opera tions of the seige were to be undertaken. This move ment was immediately commenced; but before it could be completed Marshal St. Arnaud, now really death stricken, resigned to Gen. Canrobert, on the 20th Sep tember, the command of the French troops, embarked for Constantinople, and died at sea on the 29th. The steamer on which he disd did but touch at Constantinople to take on boar.l th. wif* ^ *??? Marsnal, and then proceeded at once to France with the body. A telegraphic despatch has announced that the steamer (the Bertholct) arrived at Marseilles last evening. By order of the Emperor ex traordinary honors are to be rendered to the Marshal's body at Marseilles; and a decree is published in this morning's Moniteur ordering that the retoains of the il lustrious dead, "in consideration of eminent and glorious services" in the wars of Africa, as Minister of W ar, in the East, and especially " in consideration of the bril liant victory of the Alma," be deposited in the vaults of the In valid ex at Parts, and that a magnifioent funeral cere mony take place at the expense of the 8tate. You will receive from me at the same time with this letter, in another enclosure, all the official and authentio information touching the war in the East and on the Da nube that has transpired since the date ?f my last. You will receive, also, an important document emanating from the Austrian Cabinet (30th September) to^e address of Prussia, defining with unexpected distinctness the posi tion of Austria. She takes almost decidedly a stand be side the Western Powers, in opposition to Prussia and Russia. But I de not expect to see this position main tained with firmness. It is worthy of remark that its date coincides with that of the supposed fall of 8ebastopol. When informed that the Allies have not been so rapidly and decisively successful in the Crimea as was then be lieved, we may expect to see Austria recoil a little and continue her temporiiing policy. The Emperor Napoleon has recently done that which I think he will have reason to regret?released from his imprisonment, without condition, the most dangeroas oi all French Democrats, the clabbist oonspirator, Babbes, with whom some years ago I had frequently to entertain you. I consider Barbes .the most dangerous man in Franoe. Able, audacious, of deep, dominant, immovable conviction, he believes the Republic possible in France, and he is ready now, as ever, to sacrifice every thing for ita attainment. He is an honorable man, and enjoys the entire contidenee of his party, and I may add the respect of his enemies. This act of the Emperor might gain al most any other man in France: it will not gain Barbae. We shall soon see him conspiring against the Empire. I expect to see him end his most troubled and adventurous life at Cayenne. The following letters will tell you the history of this bold and generous but ill-advised act of the Imjferial clemency: " St. Cloud, October 3. " Monsieur ie Minist&k : The following extract of a letter from Oarbes has been oommunicated to me. A prisoner who preserves, in spite of long suffering, such patriotic sentiments, eannot under my reign remain in prison. Cause him to be set at liberty immediately, and vritbout conditions- Whereupon I pray God to have you in hk holy keeping I Napolkoh." Extract of a Letter from Barlet. " Prihon dk Belle, Sept. 18. " I am happy, also, to find you expressing the sentiments yon do. It' you are affected with Chauvinism because you do not form wishes for the Russians, I am still more Chauvin tban you, for I am ambitious of victories for our Frenchmen. Yes, yes j let tliem thrash the Cossacks well, nnd it will be so much gained for the cause of civilization and the world. Like you, I could have wished that we had no warj but, since the sword hss beon drawn, it is necessary that it shall not be sheathed without glory. This glory will profit the nation, which has need of it more than any person. Since Waterloo we are the vanquished of Europe, and to do any thing good, even at home, I think it is well to show foreigners that we can eat gunpowder, (que noun tacont vianger de la poudre.) I pity our party if there are any belonging to it who think dit ferently. Alas! after having lost so rnuoh else, there remain, ed nothing more for us to lose but the moral sense." The Moniteur then states that, in conformity with the expressed will of the Emperor, the order to place Barbes at liberty without conditions was immediately transmit ted to Belle Isle through the eleotrio telegraph. Most of your readers will perhaps be at a loss to know what ex aotly is meant by the terms " chauvin" and '* chauvinism," of which Barbes dares to inour the opprobrium, if any should be disposed to apply them to him, because of the sentiments expressed In the above letter. The words, in fact, are not found in any of the dictionaries. Here is the origin of them: The story goes that upon the dis banding of the army of the Loire in 1815 there was found to belong to it a good many individuals all more or less closely related to each other and having the Bame family name, Chauvin. The Chauvins, old soldiers of the Empire, having participated, somo one or other of them, in all its victories, felt themselves identified with | the glories of the Empire. They regretted the fall of Napoleon and worshipped jhis memory. Disbanded, re turned to their homes, the Chauvins, wherever they ap peared, distinguished themselves by an ignorant, blind, ridiculous admiration of Napoleon. Nothing, during the Restoration or under Louis Philippe, could be at all com pared to what of the Bame kind was seen and done under 1 the Emperor. They all had and religiously preserved a button of their regimentals bearing the imperial eagle, a coarse lithograph of the Emperor hung up over the man telpiece, and a well-thumbed greasy song of Beranger in their pookets. The famous dramatic writer, Soribe, has well hit off this amusing specimen of French character in his play called " Le Soldat Laboureur," of which the prin cipal character rejoices in the cognomen Chauvin, and the pencil of Charlet has familiarized it to the eye. By an extension of the phrase, "chauvinism" is now used in discriminately to designate an ignorant fanatic, exclu-' aivc, extravagant attachment to any political party or socialist doctrine. The Gazette des Hftpitaux states that the cholera in Paris has now declined to such an extent that it will no longer publish bulletins. The number of new cases in the hospitals during the Inst week did not average more than five per day, and of these the majority were among the patients already in the hospitals for other maladies. In tho departments, with the exception of the Ari6ge, the oholcra has almost ceased. A letter from Vienna, in a Belgian journal, says: " You are probably aware of the accident which hap pened to the yacht, the Eagle, on board of which were the Emperor and Empress of Austria, on their return from Linz to Vienna. That vessel struck on a rocky shoal near Strudel, and sank so rapidly that the lives of their Majesties were in absolute danger. The Empress was much agitated by this accident, and in the interesting state in which she now is some apprehensions are enter tained for her health." From Spain we learn that tumultuous scenes have taken place at Borgos, the capital of Old Castile: " On the 27th ultimo a band of malefactors committed excesses under the pretext of the dearness of corn. Al though the oaptain-general and the second in command were absent, the municipal authorities, with tho aid of the national guard and the corps which are at the dispo sal of the tribunals, repressed the disturbance. The band, armed with bludgeons, entered the premises of Nicholas Rico, a corn dealer, and of another tradesman, and stole 1,600 piastres. The respectable inhabitants who inter fered wero insulted and beaten, the authorities them selves were treated with oontempt, and for some hours the band was master of the town. The national guard, however, assembled, and the riot was put down. The civil governor displayed the greatest energy, and fre quently exposed his life in attempting to restore order. Tranquillity was happily re-established after the procla mation of the state ot siege. The Diario baa an account which says:. ?? The scum of the population invaded the corn stores and set them on fire, and they threw into the flames the furniture which they found in the houses of the owners. The national guard behaved well, but the fury of the rioters was so excessive and their number so great that it was necessary to call out the troops of the line who were in the town'. The price of wheat is much lower than it was, for the same measure which at the beginning of the year cost 54 reals now costs only 84 reals." Daring these disturbances five houses were pillaged and burnt down, amidst cries of " Down with the specu lators!" " Death to the holders of oorn !" Two persons were killed, several wounded, and fifty, or, according to some accounts, seventy prisoners were taken. The Cla mor Publico says that a list of eighteen houses to be pil laged and burnt down was found in the possession of some of the prisoners. We have also had telegraphic reports of riots at Mala- ' ga, of which the journals give no details. The Diario says, however, that they were *f lamentable," but were j "patdown by the energy of the authorities, the national guard, and the garrison." At the departure of the mail, ' it adds, tranquillity was completely re-established. " The disturbances at Burgos, Malaga, Logono, and 1 Santandar (says the Clamor Publico) confirm the exist ence of an iniquitous plan for preventing the elections and the assembling of the Constituent Cortes. To judge from appearances, the enemies of the revolution of June > and Judy have formed themselves into parties toactagainst 1 it. The pure democrats wish to overthrow the monarchy, j though they sign manifestoes in which they speak of tbe I preservation of the throne of Isabella II. The partisans I of the I^ianzares family and the aneien rtgimt are conspir- 1 ing to avenge themselves and plunge as into all the hor- ; rors of civil war. The ehiefs of the Ultramontane wjhool, 1 who fear to see themselves in a minority in the Cortes, ' wish to get possession of power by a coup de mam. The : Carlist party is secretly fomenting the spirit of sedition. Under suoh circumstances the duty of the Government is ' to show itself strong and energetically to resist all these parties." Some disorders had taken place at Corunna, owing to ' the fear that some troops who had arrived from Andalusia might bring in the cholera. The Duke de la Victoria was to be brought forward as ! a candidate in not fewer than forty-five districts, and his election was considered certain in at least sixteen. The ! Gazette of the 3d contains a Ministerial proclamation to ; the electors, assuring them that there shall be no obstacle to the free exposure of their will, and exhorting them to exercise their privilege with judgment and true pa triotism. ? The Espana announces that the Infante Don Henrt was about to leave for tke Balearic isles, by order or at tbe demand of the Government. Preparations have been making at Malmaison for some days for the reception of Queen Ciibjstiha. The Earopa states that the Minister of Foreign Affairs had informed the English Ambassador that it had been determined to expel Major General Bus tow, an Englishman, from Spain. The Marquis db Al baida, for whose arrest warrants were out, had decidedly disappeared from Valencia and the province. A deoree of the Qiteen accepts the resignation of M. P. Madoz as Governor of the province of Barcelona, with a high com pliment to him for his services, and appoints M. Cerilo Frahqpet, Governor of Valencia, to succeed M. Madoz. Another deoree confers the grand oross of the order Isa bella on M. Madoz. The Clamor Publico states that on the budget for 1855 the army is fiiM at 70,000 men, viz: infantry, 46,000; artillery, 10,600; engineers, 2,400; cavalry, 11,000. This number does not include the civil guard, which is to re main on its present footing. Paris, October 16, 1854. Scbastopol ia still the point to which all eyes arc burned with undiminished intensity. Confidence n its ultimate fall seems yet as strong as ever, but 'lie French and ?nglish journals are beginning to ! issign a little more remote date to the final triumph )f the Allied arms over this important fortress. But ' 'or my belief in the almost irresistible action of the 1 mmense new siege artillery of the Allies I should, 1 notwithstanding the admirable gallantry and skill of 1 the French and English troops, be inclined, under the influence of the some considerations which in duce their friends here to adjourn success, to settle in the conclusion that the capture of the place by storm was impracticable, anil that the only mode of reducing it is by siege and famine. The facts upon which opinions are to be based are simply these : The battle of Alma, though certainly a great battle in view of the number and gallantry of the force on both sides and the sacrifice of human life which signalised it, was not a great battle In riew of its effects as promoting tho ends of the campaign. It was not, in other words, a great victory. In the terri ble confliot of physical forces which took place on the 20th September on the banks of the Alma, the Allies proved a little the stronger; they remained in possession of the field. The Russians retreated in good order, carrying with them many of their wonnded and all their artillery, (Home of which was heavy.) They took up a position a few miles from the scene of action in the interior, whither the Allies did not deem it expedient to follow them. This was by no means an utter and disastrous rout. In the absenoe of thousands of prisoners, aud hundreds of can nons, and numerous standards, which are the usual ma terial trophies of great victories, the Allies are felicitat ing themselves upon the " profound demoralization " of th9 Russian forces, which they assert to have been the chief effect of the battle of Alma. The Russians, forsooth, are utterly discouraged and disheartened; and as for those material bagatelles of prisoners, canuons, and standards, the Allies could have gotten any quantity of them if they had only had cavalry and "those best troops in the world," the zouavet, in sufficient force to have taken them. The vaunted "demoralisation" of the Russian troops in the Crimea is probably exaggerated. It is evinced by few or no authentic factB corroborating the assertions of the gen erals and journals of the Allies. Since the departure of the Allies from the northern side of Sebastopol to Balak lava, on the south, the Russians under Prince Menschikoff have returned and established themselves in foroe under the walls of Sebastopol on the north. There they are awaiting reinforcements and the operations of the enemy. The Allies themselves, sines the taking possession of Ba laklava, have been busily engaged in preparations for the bombardment of the fortress. Great quantities of their heavy siege artillery, like that which knocked to pieces the walls of Bomarsund, in the Baltic, have been landed and placed in position. A despatch from Lord Raolan, dated October 6, whioh reaches us via Vienna, states that at that date these preparations were in such an advanced state that it might be expected "the bombardment would commence in a few days." The English and French pa pers speak of that capital operation of the Russians, the sinking of seven large ships-of-war at the mouth of the port of Sebastopol, thus making it impossible for the ene mies' fleets to enter, as proof of the despair and " demo ralization" of the besieged. This seems to au impartial observer a most unwarrantable inference. The import ance of th?t operation in a military point of view is de monstrated most palpably by the fact that it immediately deranged the Allies' original plan of attack, causing it to be even totally abandoned for another based upon Balakla va, on the opposite (the southern) side of the fortress. Besides, it is believed that while ingress into the port of Sebastppol is made impossible for the Allied fleete, egress by a single narrow passage, known only to themselves, remains open to the Russians. But even admitting the passage to be totally blocked up, that egress and ingress are alike impracticable, still it must be considered not an act of despair, but one of strict good policy, indicating a resolute purpose to defend themselves gallantly and to the last extremity; for where, after all, would the Russian ships that remain be so safe as in the harbor of Sebasto pol ? If they escaped from Sebastopol they could not es cape from the Black Sea. It would be utter madness or 1 mere despair that would induce them to seek combat with I the superior Allied fleets. If Sebastopol be ^aken the I Russian fleet will be Bunk or captured, it is true ; but if ' it could get out, its capture and destruction would only j be delayed a few days. It would be simply a question of ; time. There is no other port in the Black Sea that could af 1 ford it protection. The Allies would only be put to the trou : ble of hunting it up and destroying it piecemeal. Both 1 sides in the Crimea are expecting reinforcements. We j have daily accounts f troops and stores embarked for the East from the south of France. The English, too, are { vigorously filling by new recruits and volunteers tho nu 1 merous voids made in their gallant battalions by disease : and the enemy in the field. We have not any reliable in ' formation touching the actual number of the Russians un : der Frince Menschikofi', or tho amount of Euccor that may be sent to him. The garrisons of several abandoned forts on the coast of Crimea may certainly roach him; and from Odessa, whence the most important euccor might be sent, to Sebastopol is but a march .of throe weeks. So much ; time has been consumed by the Allies in the preparatory ; arrangements for the siege that reinforcements may ar ; rive in time to enable the Russians to seriously embarrass ; their subsequent operations. The taking of Sebastopol may be retarded, too, if not prevented, by another fact, of ! which Admiral Duntub informs us in ono of his reports, | (that dated 23d September.) The Russians are not, it seems, in the Black Sea, as they were at Bomarsund, in the Baltic, totally unprovided with those guns of long range upon which so much reliance is placed. One of his | vessels, we are told, off Sebastopol, was fired upon from j the fort while nearly 4,000 metres (two and a half miles) ' out to sea, and two balls passed over her. The Russians | will have time to place all such guns that they have in pro I per position to play upon besieging land forces of the enemy, | now that it is ascertained that nothing is to be apprehend ! ed from the sea. In fine, it would be very surprising to ' any bat those who so promptly and confidently welcomed a fortnight since thoBe reports of the fall of Sebastopol if even the 1st November witnessed the Russian flag still floating over its walls. Ah ! all Paris is agog again, and my ears as I write [ are being stunned again with the big guns of the Inva | lides. They are being fired, however, not on aocount of I the fall of Sebastopol, but of him who expected to be, and who for a few days was believed to be, its captor. These are funeral guns in honor of the late Marshal St. Arhaud. His body reached Paris this morning, and is now being deposited beneath the dome of the Invalides, with the mi litary display and funeral pomp befitting his rank, by special decree of the Emperor, as was mentioned in my last letter. By the way, I ventured last week to express the opinion that, though not struck by ball or bayonet at the battle of Alma, the Marshal Saint Arnaud ought in justice to be mentioned among the killed and wounded of that sanguinary battle; that it was the revulsion of feel ing, the disappointment consequent upon the conviction there acquired that he was not to enter Sebastopol in tri umph so soon as he expected, that overcame the strong, and, if you please, heroic rfforl of will by which the mor- i tal disease which was upon him had been for several weeks kept at bay. Some anecdotes of the late Marshal, which have just come to light, tend to confirm the correctness of this opinion. A letter from Marseilles says: " The sudden death of Marshal Saint Arnaud has made a deep impression on every one's mind, and details as to his last moments are looked for with a certain degree of impatience. In the mean time the following curious circumstance has been related by one of our most distin guished professors of the Hotel Dieu to his pupils. Six months ago Marshal Saint Arnaud went to consult the famous physician, M. Reille, and said to him, 'I am well aware that my state is alarming; I am not afraid; therefore I beg of you to tell me conscientiously and without hesitation how long I have to live.' Dr. Reille several times ausculted his illustrious patient, and stu died his complaint with great attention, and at the end of a week gave him the following answer: ' On my soul and conscience, Marshal, I think you may live two years longer. Your constitution is much broken ; you have a chronic dis?ase of the heart and of the intestines.' ' Do you think,' asked the Marshal, 'that the climate of the East may be favorable to me ?' * Certainly,' replied the Doctor. ' Well, then,' said the man who was soon to be the conqueror of the Alma, * that decides me; I leave for the East, and I shall at least die with glory.'" The Paris correspondent of the Independance Beige relates another aneodote still more strikingly in point; lie reports that the Marshal, just before embarking at Constantinople for the Crimean expedition, made his will ind forwarded it to his notary in Paris. In the same en relope was a private letter from the Marshal to his nota ?y. This Utter is said to oontain the following remark able phrase: ?If Stbaelopol u not taken by the 1 Bth Sep em er, you may caute my will to be executed on the 2cMh " Another distinguished Frenchman, oi quite a different !hi?au\TCXh aDd m?ra "an than he lute Marshal, though far leas fortunate, has had the honor of exciting in a most lively manner the public cu anoif mr 8u"nCe ay la3t- 1 a,lude t0 the apostle I nught almost cull him the Paul-of French democracy, and who will probably be its martyr, Babbks imner ff ^ * D?tiCe ?f recent e?"iae of Ze 7 With "garJ t0 "?? iQt^?ting at the - mJ con"?tion that the act would fail to have upon him the effect intended and perhaps hopedtil! Wb0put the RtPuUic> he be. heved possible, above every thing else; and that nothin but death itself would be able to stop his efforts to ac? compluh it for i ranee. It is the Moniteur itself that on inday last furnished prompt proof of the correctness of judgment on Babbks. The Moniteur says ? it. We publish the letter wi ; ui u n0 C0uiprehend editor of this journal: addressed to the ..p'Syj ?""?i ?"? ?pp?? journal. Antd^SJ'JSS^VSSW" ??" for I am not in the habit of r*.?;n ,ob * do not examine, ments of U1y enemies ,,!iv X.FW00' oa th* ???>* u.. g.v.r.i T,i; t?' nouncement of that new* I felt #!.? ?wJii V? flm *n" of a conquered man run through my bid v an^", *r^ long as I could?for two davf_to t , refused as como here to epoak nenrcr^mi t ku ^ Pr^on# * now matters it to onirto has no rthi ' beU" ^ Wh?l my country or not? Yea r th* Li ve*.?? I lovt was written by mo and ' ^ has been ?ince I have hai a thought, my ulSa J?0' hl" beon' iwk, what matters it to him ?h{ J. fc10?* But once more, I creed and of my law whether ffiyKluli' ?! ?f sentiments or not? ???>?> ?v "cart is actuated by such forever * comwit marked ouf hp?UP ?f there footed it? Lavine alldir.r Me anJ hitn ^ my personal dignity wounded, my dut? ?f is to declare to all and each hero that T V0?1}1 ene,ny S5VI? jarjss,?w - - r;ur that period one. ? r,iiv ta ^jjd, "'Paris, December II 10 in u,a '"A. Barbes. Prince Albert, llua St. Uyacinthe UoUldU A copy of the above letter had been also sent to several the journals of Paris besides the Moniteur but of course, under the actual regime to which the pre 's is sub jected, none of them dared to ;t Prei8B 18 8Ub journal had sot the example and thus a official impunity. It i, und." Jnd','b?f ? read, wught safety ...j freedom Xt, 0'|Vl? 1"' al mode ,t conveuleot u be at tho\orlheru"ra!|"i''?f Jd? ^ V,De a partin8lookateru, discomfited but not despairing patriot and exile wJ aco?nteo, pointed. Mottor?/..rSirf' f*" tb. ?.d tain for a>glSTta?'l2. "a?, k" ?ui-pmid th.t the correspondent of Th, | ',?n *. ? alio old ejpresa re.peot for tho terrible olnbhiet republican ta 1848, .... i''" terror of France, and .ho, if by . .udden turn 7f ?! political wheel be were to come into power in 1854 w 11 1 have little doubt, suggest and strive to effect tho'decaoi' tation of bfty thousand Frenchmen. I respect Baphf/ because I respect, wherever I ?ee it, bold, uuswervino-' unselfish devotion to principle. Barues affords tho brig i e3t illustration of this character to be found in re oent I renoh history. God forbid that he bhou'd ever be him.0W Were'l a iSS?? YSSi^Si ing the fifty thousand heads of Bonapartists, Orleaniats and Legitimists " who won't learn any thing ? of S5 liberty the republic would be as impossible as eJer hr0th0r^ABBlk9 WuUld- put his own fatJ?er's name or his brother s upon the list to be decapitated if he thought they hindered the republic. Bakbks is ready to sacrifice himself at any moment for the success of his cause, lie would consent to secure the republic for France to-mor ?! 7 self-sacrifi<5e, with the assured condition thit he should not hve in history as its founder, with the certain Knowledge that his name would be never more pro nounced. Tnis is more, I believe, than can be said with truth either of Lamaktink or Cavaio.nac, who are per haps the best representatives of its republicanism that living France can show. luat The elections have gone off in Spain without anv ma teria disturbance ot the public peace. They have termi nated generally in favor of the Moderate Progrutitts. The coming Cortes will, it is believed, possess a majority of that political color. The Espartero and O'Donneil Minis try, therefore may be considered as established in power nt an, rate ull the Cone, eb.ll ha.e 6nished itAE and put mto operation a new-modelled constitution. The Emperor of France it is said, has refused to assign a place of residence to the ex-Queen M\bia Cueistiva unless the Spanish Cabinet Consent on their part to take some severe measures against the French Republican re iugees who aro swarming in Madrid of late. Fr u ^ILh?Qe that Mr>. 1SoL'L1! iB about 'o "turn from a 5J3 ?pain' notwith8tanding the odium which his alleged interlerence in promotion of the democratic party tJfu C,?Tlty ha8 br?Ught upoa him in Madrid. 1 learn held f?enc1aa ^omatic Council of three lately held at Onend has dissolved. Tho nature and result of its transactions havo not positively transpired. It was composed of Messrs. Soul*, Mason, and Buchanan. Mr Mans, the Assistant Secretary of State, was not pre sent. Upon the plea of slight indisposition he remained in laris while the awful conclave was in session. Some politicians here think that this meeting of American func lonaries at 06tcnd, a convenient neutral city, is porten nZb. "I?16 6Vent3 f?r Ear?l,e' and Somef the greater number perhaps, pretend that they are not afraid. annoanced the United States has lost another oititen by virtue of another imperial decree A decree of 30th August, 1854, announces that Jmomb Bonapabtb, born in Loudon 7th July, 1805, issue of the "S0!^1 Highness'the Prince Lhom^ alreadv ,? ^ u qU?htjr of henchman." I have already informed you that the eon of this gentleman, the man of hSfn th? American W' made a French Prinop ii- , and was on his way, with the titles of the th' j ? ?. Sub-Lieutenant, to join his regiment, ? th0 Crimea- Let hope that these dlnVer of 7B w ?a8t r*lieve tho United States from the amusing article the^ntelli/etoer S ^ecoVd^Mn Tt2 columns some twelve or eighteen months %,o w? a?. CAUSE OF EARTHQUAKES. Messrs. Editors : Under th? head " Scientific," in you paper of Tuesday last, I fiud an opinion expressed of the origin or cause of earthquaket, attributable to the action cf the moon upon a supposed mass of fluid in the centre of our globe. If the learned Professor, Mons. Perry, of Dijon, France, would turn his attention to the power of electricity as the caute of these tremblings of our earth, he would find a more efficient cause of these phenomena. The nction of this aerial fluid, the tubttance of the tun, which is perpetually penetrating and passing through our globe, has more to do with earthquake* than the moon, which derives all her pover from the tun. She has enough to do with the turface of our earth to expend any of her tuppoted powers in its interior. I would therefore take the liberty of calling the atten tion of our tavant to the investigation of this souree or cause of earthquaket. ROBERT MILLS. NEW MATERIAL FOR PAPER. An article copied from the "Journal de l'lnstruction Publique" into the " Bulletin de la Soci?te de Geographie" of Paris mentions the dtcarf palm of Algiers as furnishing in its leaves an excellent material for making paper, in exhaustible in quantity, and costing but from one-tenth to one-twenty-fifth of the price of rags. The species of palm tree is not otherwise designated, but is no doubt a palmetto. Why should not the taw palmetto which infests our Southern States be equally available? The large tract of country bordering on the 8t. John's river, in East Florida, produces it alone in quantities sufficient to supply the world. In addition, the same leaves have b?en found to furnish a fibre almost as fine as flax and capable of being woven. The stem oontain* coarser fibres, which are used very successfully by upholsterers as a substitute for hair, and which are also made into coarse ropes and matting. If this material has not yet been tried in this country, it certainly onght to be. Southern paper mills could make the experiment at a trifling expense. P. At a recent meeting of the British Academy of Science Col. Chksniy stated that there had been for many years a well-organised system of life-boats in Liverpool, by whioh 1,829 lives had been saved since 1840 and 312 vessels rescued, whioh would probably give 60,000 tons, and taken at ?10 a too would give an amount of ?600,000 property saved by that means. OFFICIAL. Dbpartmbkt or Statx, T. , _ . "ASUmoTOJI, October 80, 1854. The following notice, issued by the Canadian GoTern Uu t:;tre ^ iUiporUtioa int? Canada from the ?I2 | f ! Beveral artioles in the t ilreCipr?City ,real* ha3 b?n officially com municated to ihis Department : PUBLIC NOTICE. Gutinm. n Inspector Gekeral's Or?ic*, His exce?n?v.VD?lnrtment> Q-*", Otlober 18M, 1844. "A.-.for effect o??T* 1 ??y.' "r" '? ?.).??...d ,h, bJSTaSUrf America, and hereinafter enumerated, that u to an v? Grain, flour, ami breadstuff* of all kinds Animals of all kiads. ? resh, smoked, and salted meats. Cotton-wool, seeds, and vegetables. Undried fruits, dried fruits. Fish of all kinds. water.(iUC'i ?f "d ?f ?th" CreatUM,a ,ivio8 '?> *? Poultry, eggs. Hides, furs, skins or tails undrvssed. Slat? ^ ma,b!e 'n CrUde ?f unwrou*ht ?UU. . liuttor, cheese, tallow. Lard, horns, manures. Ores of metals of all kinds. Coal. Pitch, tar, turpentine, ashes. Timber and lumber of all kinds, round, hewn sawed n> manufactured in whule or in part. ' ' Firewood. Plants, shrubs, and troes. Pelts, wooL Fish-oil. Rice, broom-corn, and bark. Gypsum, ground or unground. ";:rffsWr?Ught ?r unwrou*ht burr "r grindstone. Flax, hemp, and tow unmanufactured. Unmanufactured tobacco. Rags? itt#d *? ifflporution int0 thi* Province from th? tVon d fJr h"' rder "P#eial bonds toher Majesty, condi (?,r due payment of the customs duties lecallr chargeable at the time of importation on the artioles so Un let h^r !?] f? e7ent tbal tho aaid reciprocity treaty, and the | act hereinbefore mentioned in relation thereto, do not go into herlof M effect within six months from the date I he,aof' WM. CAYLEY, Inspector General ARCTIC SEARCH-SAFETY OF CAPT. COLLINSON. It is somewhat remarkable, says the Boston Daily Ad vertiser, that after a long period of suspense the public should have received within the last few days authentic information relative to the northern explorations through three distiuot and separate channels, viz. from the East, from the West, and North. These tidings account for all the expedition)?, with tho single exception of the American party?the gallant Dr. I Kan* and his eighteen brave companions. We recently published the full particulars of the arri val at Cork, in Ireland, of the Phoenix, which brought back Capt. McClurb, with a part of the officers and crew of the five abandoned ships, the Investigator, the Assist ance, the Resolute, Intrepid, and the Pioneer?the rest of the officers and crews of these vessels being on board the Talbot and North Star store-ships, on their way back to England. A few days afterwards the melancholy tidings of the fate of Sir Joun Franklik and thirty or forty of his companions was received from the iNorth through Dr Rae and Sir Qbobob Simtsos. Scarcely had thcee tidings become generally known when, on Saturday last, the public were informed, by way of San Francisco and the Sandwich Islands, of the safety of Cupt. Collinson and the Enterprise, which was i the only British vessel remaining unheard from. We gave this intelligence briefly in our last paper, and now , subjoin the full particulars : j " On the 25th of September the British ship Rattle i sna^e> Capt. Hhkrt TaoLLore, arrived at Sah. Francisco having lett Port Clarence on the 23d of August. ThS ; ship wintered at Port Clarence the last winter, and as soon as the ice broke up endeavored to reach Herald IslanJ cruising as near, or nearer, the edge of the ice I ?,leatoS-VJ.U3ti?ed' f,'?m Povint Burrow, on the Americai side, to Serdie Kamen, on the Asiatic side of the Arctic Sea. Capt. Trollopo states that, on the 21st of Mav some Indians referred to a vessel with three masts f which they indicated by holding up three fingers, and speaking I the word which in their language signifies a vessel, which he understood) having gone up to the northward The , captain gave no credence to what they said, not knowing 'l Lh.miringW^Tn' and made Q0 inquiry further It is barely possible they might have referred to the Mo I heDlf?af ; h pt' TrolloPe "presses much regret that i ice ihJh.Tu>Z*Te ?f *5? Bhip being carried the tk T g TC made more Pafti?ulac inquiry. | The most important news brought by the Rattlesnake j is the arrival at Port Clarence, on the 21st of August of Ion* ? rr 'P? L'ntorPrisc' Capt. Collinson, from'hia long expedition into the Arctic in search of Sir John ' from England ? X. be r#C0ll,!cted that this vessel sailed T m 8ame 3eason and at about the same on if. Investigator, (Capt. McClure,) that arrived n the At antic side of the continent a year since having navigated the northwest passage. No news ha/ i?tv WM Mtlf hf the ,Eaterprise' ttlu,08t ?8 anx f i her safety and that of her officers and ' crew as for the expedition she was sent in search of- so he^reW? ^duc? the En8,i8h Government to station for her relief and assistance the Rattlesnake at Port Clarence t'Vweretb * ^ Ua7?W' during ^ winter "and ters TttLf al"J'a"glUg the,r succeeding winter quar ters at the time of her arrival, at the ending of which ??b for them fnmeiU g"?? ?rdera 10 ">",don ">? '41The/nterp,ri8Le Went i^ Arctic in the summer of 18ol, andpassed through the Prince of Wales Straits ? but. finding the ice impracticable for her advance, she winter , tbe or 1851-'2 in latitude 71 deg. 35 min norS. longitude 117 deg. 35 min. west. After making evJS ?pjCCK ^ her V0Jage> the wintcr M a P Is? ln Carab"dge Bay, Wollaston Land nro^gH?eS D?rl ' 105 degreeB 80 minutes west. Still proceeding on her voyage, tho winter of lg53-'4 found her in Camden Bay, <0 deg. 8 min. north, 145 deg 30 mm. west. Tho ice released the vessel July 15 1854 when she commenced her return passage but dirt r^chPoint Barrow until August, havLg baffiingsoulherir winds and calms. Immediately on her arrival at Port Clarence, on the 21st August, finding the Plover had left [?i\? arro,wa.fe* da?s previous for the purpose of assisting and relieving her, as soon as her sannlieo onnM be put on board the Rattlesnake, at 3 P. M. on the ?2d she started to overtake the Plover and communicate wii diatelv^LoJH tWHCh Performed she would imme diately proceed to Hong hong and the Plover to Valparaiso uring the three years the Enterprise has been in the frozen sea she has lost but three men?May 15 1853 GrTenwav'ahl 8 C?0k^ No,eaii,?r 24, 1853, William I' ? ?e^raen; June 29,1851, Wm. Cheeseman. private marine. Tho commander, officers, and crew te?rU?Vn were in excellent health. The En mnnw i D tr*ce3 of the Investigator's passage in v> k places, and went within ninety miles of winter of th?V DOt bei?g ablet0 Proceed further on account trare? nf'n^n U? Wol,aaton Strait? a"J there feU in with traces of Dr. Rae's searches. <wl nJ? ^1? 8?rlng 0f 1852 traTcllin? parties were dispatoh Itl > J f i"' 0ne of which rcaehtfJ Melville Island after great hardship. The natives met with during tho voyaee were of a peaceable and kind disposition, ready at all times to be of assistance in any manner in their power.'* If it bo assumed that the whole of the one hundred and thirty-seven companions of Sir Joux Frankux shared the unhappy fate which is believed to have be fallen thirty or forty of the porty, there remain no other explorers in the ungenial regions of the extreme North exccpt Dr. Kane and his companions. Thb Arctic I^cgioks.?The mosquitoes are said to bo more troublesome in the regions of perpetual ice than I >hey are in hot latitudes. Some of the officers of the Bri ish sloop-of-war Trincomlee, recently at San Fr&ncisoo, from Tort Clarence, in Dehriogs' Straits, say that the mosquitoes were more numerous than in Central America. They inhaled them by the mouthful, and oould not walk out without a handkerchief or veil over their faces. " The natives are extremely docile, and very intelli gent; but, as is thf oase with'the Esquimaux generally, very laiy. The only wood they can procure is that drift ed from no one knows where, out of which, by manage ment of walrus tusks and whalebone, they contrive ad mirable spears and bows and arrows for killing the seal and bear, of whieh animal their winter stock of food is formed. During the latter part of the winter they ar? reduced to a state of eemi-starration, aad then are evea content to eat the hides of animals, in which fare their dogs?a noble-looking breed?hare a share.'*