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WASHINGTON. " Uberty and Union, now and- forever, one and Inseparable." THURSDAY, DECEMBER 28, 1854. OVERLAND MAIL TO THE PACIFIC. Mr. Ben tow yesterday endeavored to have an amendment of some importance attached to the Post Office bill, but it was ruled out of order. It was to authorize the Postmaster General to oontract for carrying the mail in coaches, wagons, and sleighs (letween Independence, in Missouri, and the Bay of fian Francisco. It will be recollected that the sub ject of regular overland communication has engaged the attention of the people of St. Louis and of Sa cramento city almost at the same moment. Mr. Benton will no doubt bring the subject up in some Other form before the session closes. t . TELEGRAPH TO THE PACIFIC. Among the important subjects now before the House of Representatives may be mentioned the bill reported yesterday by Mr. Farley, from the Com mittee on Territories. It is the Senate bill author izing the construction of a subterranean line of tele graph from the Missouri or Mississippi river to the Pacific ocean. The utility of such a work, if the price of transmission should not be too high, is self evident, but the question whether it would be se cure from Indian depredation or the malice of bad white men is a matter to be well considered. The difficulty of ascertaining a break in the wire is not ?one of the least, but human ingenuity at present is I equal to almost any thing. The Governor of Maryland has decided not to Call an extra session of the Legislature. This de cision appears to be in accordance with the general Sentiment of the people of the State. SThe Supreme Court on Friday last was a place of attraction in n stronger degree than usual, though it almost daily offers high intellectual enjoyment fo persons of leisure. On that day Mr. Petioru, cf South Carolina, argued a case of importance and maintained the high reputation which had preceded I Mm. He had an opponent worthy of his best ef fort in Mr. Geriiard, who spoke the day before. THE WAY TO BUILD UP A STATE. Gov. Grimes, of Iowa, in his inaugural address, i thus describes the wants of the thriving State over irhich he presides: "She wants educated farmers and mechanics, engi neers, architects, metallurgists, and geologists. She Steeds men engaged in the practical duties of life, who have conquered their professions, and who are able to im part their knowledge to others. She wants formers who ?hall be familiar with the principles of chemistry as, ap plied to agriculture; architects and mechanics who will adorn her with edifices worthy of so fair a land; and en gineers and geologists who will develop her resources, ?ad thus augment the wealth and happiness of her citi zens. This want can only be supplied by the establish ment of a school of applied soienoes. I have no hesita tion, therefore, in recommending that a University fund fee appropriated to establish a practical scientific or poly technic school." Peessbvino Flou* asd Meal.?A patent has been se emed by Mr. Thomas Psabsall, of Tioga county, New York, for an invention to prevent flour, meal, &o. from becoming sour in the barrel from heating. The in vention consists in introducing a tube of thin sheet iron, three inches in diameter and open at both ends, through the entire length of the barrel, thus admitting of a tho rough ventilation of the contents. The Louisville Jour nal says that the invention has been thoroughly tested and its usefulness established. L. T. Thustin, of that place, on the 1st of August last, put up several barrels of meal in this form, whioh were shipped at New Orleans. A part of that shipment has recently been returned to Iiouisville for examination, and neither before nor after it had been converted into bread could any one deteot the least appoarance of change in the quality, and in every respect it appeared as fresh and sweet as when taken from the mill. Shipments have also been made to Liver pool, South Amerioan ports, and California. It is esti mated that the loss on sour flour and damaged corn in the United States equals the sum of $5,000,000 annually Tbavel fob the Old Soldiers.?1The Richmond. Fredericksburg, and Potomac Railroad Company propose to give a return ticket frtt to the veterans who pass over their road in attending the National Convention on the 8th January ; that is, $5.60. The Baltimore Steam Packet Company propose to transport the delegates from Portsmouth to Baltimore ?and back for one fare, $5. The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company propose to pell round trip tickets on the Washington branch for $2 ; good fromCth to 12th Januaiy. On the main stem, be tween Baltimore and Wheeling the fare will be full one *?y and half on returning. Testimonials or Mirit.?The gold and silver medals ?nd other testimonials which are to be presented from the merchants and citizens of New Tork to the captains of the Kilby, the Three Belli, and the Antarctie, in remem brance of the heroism and devotion they displayed in paving the lives of the passengers and crew of the San Francisco, have jnst been oompleted, and are ready for presentation. Capt. Ckiishtos, of the Three Bells, will receive a gold medal and a massive silver pitcher. The pitchers intended for Capt. Low, of the barqne Kilby, and 'Capt. Stoukfbr, of the Antarctic, are of the same sise ?nd do not differ very materially from that above describ ed. The gold medals, of which there are seven altoge ther, will be distributed as follows: One is to be given to Capt. Creighton, one to his first mate, one to Capt. Low, one to Capt. Steuffer, one to the captain of the Lacy !Thompson, one to Capt. Watkins, of the San Francisco, ?ad one to his first engineer. Besides the medal, Capt. Watkins is to reoeive a magnificent silver salver, two pitohers, and foor goblets. NICARAGUA. Letters from Granada to November 20th give a lament Able account of tbo sanguinary progress of the civil war In that distracted country. The legal President, Cha Vokko, was gaining headway against his opponents, and Appearances all favored the prospect of his ultimate suo ,Oess. His army was being joined daily by fresh volun teers, many of the large landed proprietors having come forward to put an end to the protracted struggle. The arebel chief Castilmv was said to be a prisoner in his own house at Leon, not daring to venture forth, though his amy numbered fifteen hundred men. Chamorro's army Iras about -two thousand, besides a fleet of sohooners on the lake, commanded by Gen. Comal, who had captured three sohooners belonging to the rebels and retaken San Carlos. Pboqmss or Ciiki.?A contractor for oarrying the ?Mil from Milford, Delaware, to Cambridge, Maryland, fras arrested yesterday as an acoompliee of a post office Oltrk at Milford in a series of mail robberies. Almost every day the papers in some part of the country or ?other announce a robbery, breach of trust, embesilement, or other felony on the part of some post office agent, eon tractor, bank officer, cashier, teller, or other person -evincing a growing laxity of morals and honesty. This is a sort of "proffrut" greatly to be deplored. The members of the Legislature of North Carolina feade a visit to Wilmington during the holydays, on an Invitation from the oitiiens. A Philadelphia despatoh yesterday announced that " a train of oars en the Tork and Cumberland Road fell through a bridge at Portlmd on Monday but such is the beautiful confusion of names in our oountry that few persons at a distance will aadtntaad in what State the ?tQident happened. FR ON OUR L OND ON CORRESPONDENT. London, December 7,1854. The eubjects which occupy the public mind at present are the siege of Sebastopol and the treaty which Austria is generally believed to have entered into with the Western Powers, and, by anticipation, the proceedings On the opening of Parliament next Tuesday. As relates to the war in the host very little has transpired during the week. The genera opinion is that peace is indefinitely postponed, and that very large funds will be required to carry on the war. If Austria has heartily united herselt with the Western Powers the business will, for a time, hate become more complicated, but the duration of the war may be materially abridged. Austria now speaks not only for herself, but for all Germany, and if she speak and act in sincerity the Cxar is left without a single Eu ropean ally. France and England united number about as many people as Bussia, and if the 38,000,000 of the Austrian Empire be added the preponderance will be so great in favor of the Allies that, so far aa numbers are concerned, Russia seems to have little ohanoe of success in the contest. Busaia has uniformly displayed, in all her former warlike undertakings, an Inherent weakness, and has scarcely ever been able to carry on a war through two campaigns without being debilitated and weakened. Her opponents (England and France) have waged long wars formerly against each other, and, In spite of much mutual destruction, they always continued to make some pro gress in the elements of power, even while fighting. It must be admitted, however, that Russia has, during the present campaign, shown more of warlike energy, o promptness and vigor, than she has ever shown before ; and although the long centlnuanoe of the siege of Sebau topol may, In some degree, be attributed to the Inade quacy of the means employed by the Allies to subdue that fortress from a mistaken calculation aa to Its strength and powers of resistance, yet, making every allowance, It must In fairneaa be allowed that the soldiers of the Caar are foea not to be deaplaed, and the ability with which the artillery la worked at 8ebaatopol ahowa that there la plenty of sklU united to their bravery. All the newB from the Crimea la that the English have taken a Ruaalan redoubt, defended by a battery of nine oannons, and have kept poaaeaaion of it. The defensive worka of the Engllah, between the right of their line of at tack and Balaklava, were nearly completed. Engllah and French reinforcementa were continually arriving, and the firing from the batteries of the Alllea was vigorously kept up. The last advioea from the Crimea are dated 25th ultimo. The atorm in the Black Sea of the 14th ultimo waa of unusual violence, even for the aeason of the year. yii feared at one time that wholesale disaster would have befallen the fleets. Although the loaa of the Alliea in officers haa been nnuaually great, yet the BusBians have been at leaat equally sufferers. The BusBlan and other trustworthy reports furnish a liat of twenty-five generals and admirals who have been put hort de combat alnoe the campaign commenced on the Danube, and it iB known that four Or five others have been either killed or wounded, but have been omitted in the returns. Messrs. P?to and other leading civil engineers have agreed to construct a railway in the Crimea by whioh guns, ammunition, and atorea can be conveyed with great celerity and ease from Balaklava to the linea of the batterlea of the Alliea. Ten thouaand tona of raila have been ahlpped and a body of five hundred miners, quarrymen, plate layers, and nawlea, with an engineer and numerous ataff, have already embarked upon this undertaking. The work will be completed within three weeka after their arrival in the Crimea. The contractors are to manage the whole work with their own men and hand over the railway to the army at the exact nett coat. They will not accept a single ahilling for their labor, management, or the use of their capital. The wooden houses for the troopa are rapidly shipping: they can be put together in three hours after being landed. They are to be made fire-proof. The whole of the troops now proceeding to the seat of war are to be armed with the Minle rifle, and a large proportion of them with Colt's revolvera. One house haa completed an order for forty-four thousand fur cape and the aame number each of gloves, cloaks and capes, and long cow-hide boots, warm under clothing and leggings, and ten thousand swits of fur olothing for offi cers. Private associations are sending out immense sup piles of oomforts and neoeaaaries for the soldiers and requisites for the hoapltala. A second body of female nurses have sailed for Constantinople, and the Lanca shire ladles are preparing plum-poddlnga for the Christ maa day dinners of the army. Never was a war more decidedly national than the present one. Where tw'enty five or thirty volunteers are wanted to fill up the broken ranka of a company, or two or three hundred to complete a ahattered regiment, at leaat twioe the number ef volun teers from the militia immediately offer themaelves. The same spirit is observed in France. The result may be postponed, but It is easily foretold. There ia no doubt that a treaty of alliance between Auatria and the Weatern Powers has been aigned. Its terms are, of course, yet unknown. The Times, who generally boasts of early information, which, however, often proves Tery erroneous, saya " the treaty will come into force in three montha, if Russia does not yield in the interim. The Allied Powera, it appears to ua, have only one safe oourse to pursue, and we hope that the terms- of this treaty will not place any impediment in the punuit of that oourae. They muat continue the war with vigor aa the safest and the ahorteat way to obtain an honorable and enduring peace. They muat not pay any attention to the offers of Russia to treat through the intervention of third parties. There appears to be every reason to expect that a fierce onslaught will be mad* upon Ministers as soon aa the Parliament opena. Ministers, however, may set at naught all invectives^ and if they meet Parliament with that frankness whiob> can only result from perfect mnanlmity among them aelves, and a resolution to do and dare every thing for the assertion of the national interests and honor, we do not think there la any rlak of the embarrassments that might result from a change of Ministry at such a critical period. At the aame time, although auoh a ticklish ex periment should be avoided if possible, we have great confidence in the patriotism and good sense of English men, and a sort of fixed faith in the high destinies of England, that lead us to regard what ia called a " Min iaterial criaia" with very little alarm. We do not think, however, that auoh an event will take plaoe. The year Is fast drawing to a close. It haa not been without ita bright daya, although we could number aome gloomy onea for the cauie of progress, peace, and human happineaa. For England to have aoqulred the confidence of a country like France counterbalances by far all the miachancea whioh the year may have brought in ita train; and the bond of union, cemented not only by mutual in tereat, but by the heart's blood of the bravest of both nations, will, we trust, be as enduring as It ia wlae, juat, and holy. The Board of Trade returna give the following aa the total declared value of the exports of home produce: For the past month. For the ten months. 1852 ?4,865,866 ?59,247,106 1858 6,168,026 78,166,756 1864 5,674,868 78,802,066 The returns of the Bank of England show? Circulation ?19,749,976 Increase '"[8,295 Public depositee. 4,782,890 Increase 816'4I? Privatedo 9,716,809 Increase 80,806 Disc'ts, Ac 18,850,146 Decrease 420 Coin A bullion.. 18,709,794 Increase 215,010 Theae atatementa are aatiafactory. The money market continuee very eaay. In the corn market the pricea of jMt week are acarcely maintained, except for old wheat. There ia not any thing new in literature or the drama. The French Senate and Legialative Body meet on the 26th of this month. Thla ia aatiafactory, alnoe It indi cates that the Eiiranon, aa well aa the Britiah Govern ment, is impressed with a sense of the necessity of prompt and energetic action in the war. It shows also a deter mination on the part of the Emperor to respect those con stitutional forms, slight though they may be, which he has imposed upon himself. Public affairs look brighter in Sraw. The, Cortes have decided, \tj a vote 206 to 21, that the throne ef Queen Isabilla and her dynasty shall form the bajls of the political edifice of Spain. The new Spanish Ministry is composed as follows: Espartero, President of the Council; O'Donnell, Minister of War; Luiuriaga, Foreign Affairs; Aguirre, Justice ; Collado, Finance ; AUende, Marine; Salazar, Interior; Santa Cruz, Public Works The Cortes has passed a vote of confidence in the new Ministry by a majority of 146 against 42. Italy does not furnish a paragraph. The Prussian Chambers were opened on the 28th ulti mo. The speech from the throne spoke of Prussia as being, for the present, unaffected by the war, but an nounced that the army would be placed on a war footing. The Prussian Cabinet hoped that the basis of a further agreement would soon be found. Uniting itself to Aus tria and the rest of Germany, it would endeavor to urge peace, moderation, and the acknowledgment of the inde pendence of States. Should the employment of the army, however, be after all inevitable, the nation would resign itself to the necessity and fulfil its duty. In Dismakk the King has dismissed the whole of his Ministry. The eleotions now being held for the Legisla ture have, very generally, terminated in favor of the liberal party. A Vienna letter states that all the attempts which had been made in that eity to induce capitalists to subscribe to the Russian loan had failed, and that Baron de Streg lits, the Russian agent, had taken his departure. There are exactly one hundred railway bills filed for the consideration of the British Parliament, of whioh 79 are English, 12 Sootoh, and 9 Irish. Dkcimbkb 8.?The Austrian treaty appears to be al ready operative. Next week, we are told, 40,000 of Omer Pacha's veteran army of Turks, with 100 guns, are to embark at Varna for the Crimea. The embarkation will be superintended by Mussar Pacha, and Omer Pacha is to command. If thiB be correct, and it appears to be authentio, it is important, as, independent of other views to be taken of the business, it shows that the Turkish Government have confidence in the treaty and with the attitude which Austria has now assumed. Only one Turkish regiment will be left at Bucharest. This arrange ment justifies Omer Pacha's uniform declaration that no military operations were to be expected in Bessarabia before March. From what we can learn of the treaty we are inclined to think that the terms are much better than we expeoted Austria would assent to. We are assured that England stands quite free from any engagement to guaranty the entirety and integrity of the Austrian em pire. Between Franoe and Austria it is understood that there is some separate arrangement with regard to their respective positions in Italy. This is very probable, and perhaps unavoidable. The details of the treaty are said to be, briefly, that Russia is to be called upon immediately to acoept of a peace upon the four points, as interpreted in the treaty. The interpretation is, that ?he Blaok Sea is not merely to be thrown open to the Western Powers, but Russia is to keep no more than six ships of war in that sea, whilst France and England are each to keep the same number. A free port for all nations as a counterpoise for Sebasto pol is to be established at Sinope or B&toun. The for tresses of Ismail and all dthers at the mouth of the Da nube are to be destroyed, as a security for the free and open trade of that river. The five great Powers are each to protect their own citizens in Turkey, and the protecto rate of the Christian subjects of the Portq is to be exer cised by the five Powers collectively. If Russia does not accept the four points, so interpreted, on or before the 1st of January, then the Austrian Ambassador will be recalled from St. Petersburgh; and if not before Maroh 2d, then Austria will declare war against the Czar, maroh with all her forces inte Bessarabia, except 20,000 troops, who are to be sent to the Crimea. It is quite evident, however, that some parts of this alleged treaty can only be intended to be temporary. For instance, other Powers besides France and England?the United States, for in stance?will olaim to have free aecess to the Black Sea for their ships of war; this alone will render necessary a very early modification of the treaty. However, we need not dilate further upon a supposititious arrangement, more particularly since?if these should prove to be the terms of the treaty?we have no idea that Russia will ac cede to them. Whatever the treaty may be, the making of any treaty it a step gained of Austria by the Allies, and a step lost by Russia. The subject will, no doubt, be brought fully before Parliament on the first night of the session. There is news from the Crimea to the 28th ultimo. The rain had ceased and the weather was im proving. Reinforcements were daily received by the Al lies. The Russians remained on the defensive, and con tinued to protect the town by additional entrenchments. News from Madrid of the Gth instant announces that M. Madox had been elected President and M. Infante Tice President of the Cortes. M. Nesselrode's note to the Rumian Ambassador at the Court of Berlin, in whieh he announced the consent of the Ctar to negotiate for peace upon the basis of the four points, was dated 6th of November, and is now given m extento in the continental and English journals. The lan guage does not lead to the inference that, at the date, the Csnr was inclined to accept any such modification of those points as the remored Austrian treaty contem plates. London Stock Exchange, 3 o'clock.?Consols, eash, 93: Bank stock 208. In the market for American stocks this week there has been a good demand for the U. 8. Government stock, but in some of the State stocks the supply has exceeded the demi .nd, and prices on them and on State stocks gene rally are lower. The following return has been prepared by M essrs. Bell, Son k Co. for transmission to the United Stat* :s: Ro(lociifibltf< Prioti* United States six per ?*n?. bond* - 1862 101 102 D# . nix per cent, bond* . 180? 109^ 110^ D? . six per cent. ins. stock 1887-1868 106 107 New Y* -k State five per cent. . . 1860 96 96 M?nrrtr% usett* five per cent. ? . 1868 101 102 South Ck rolina five per oent - ? 1868-1868 92 94 Marvla** '? per oent. iter, bonds - ? 83 94 Alnbnro* A'o per oent. - - - 1858-1866 83 - Virginia a 'x per cent.bonds ? ? 1886 82 85 Virginia 9 repproent - - ? 1888 88 90 Canada mim percent. - ? ? . 1876 109 110 New Orleaa "six per oent. - ? ? 1893 82 ? Illinois Ov tral six per cent. ? ? 1876 62 63 F*nn. Cent. Kail road six per cent ? 1880 88 89 Nvw York at Krio WT*n P*r ?*nt- 1868-1869 100 102 New York as d *rie' seven per oent 1883 76 77 Now York aa <* "^e seven per oent oonvertih ? " " * M?2 .. 70 ? Northern I?41 ana seven per oent first mortgage 1868 73 75 London p apers to the 6th instant, brought by the steamer Wat Kington, afford the subjoined: r HE SIIGK OF 8EBASTOPOL. e Sebastopol are unchanged. The siege continued bj the Allies, and the garrison 1 sorties, but no serious conflict had i the 5th of November. The following is .ry of events from day to daj: og the night, in a hurricane of wind ssians made a sortie from the city on iut were repulsed. d men and horses died in the camp istion. The Russians quiet. ry slack. A few redoubts were com , overlooking the Inkermann road, reached the French. officers are constructing huts for * has been issued by Lord Raglan leave the camp unless sick or ing down in torrents, ore temperate. Russians in the Affairs befoi operations were made occasions taken place sinot given as a samnu Nov. 14.?DurL and rain, the Ru the French oamp, 1 Nov. 16.?Seven from cold and ezhat Nov. 16.?Fire ve pleted by the British Home reinforcements Nov. 17.?Men and the winter. An erdei that no offioer shall woonded. Rain is com Nov. 18.?Weather m valley observed to havt posed 20,000, under Gen. Nov. 19.?The French i and found the Russians I lery damaged in the previo Nov. 20.?The 97th Brit Oronoco steamer. The Qu< various drafts of British considerable re i nfo roe me a tm very brisk from the town, am French and British lines. Nov. 21 to 24?Bombardon part of the Allies. Their ire . little was constantly repaired, pied in strengthening their pot in establishing new batteries^ ; ? vet been opened. Mensohikoff had attempted to establish them the dockyard, but were repulsed infcrcements reached the Allies. Nov. 26.?The Russians made pulsed by the Knglish, who, in p received reinforcements?sup Liprandi. nade a reconnoiseance in force, usied in repairing their artil as battle. :sh regiment landed from the ien of the South arrived with troops. The French landed at Kameisoh Bay. Firing 1 warmly replied to from the nt continued; weak on the did little damage, and that The Allies mainly occu itien against attack, and the tre of which has not reports that the Snglish selves near the head ef with loss. Further re a sortie, but were re turning, took and re (Allied rntit guns which tU4 Russians forgot to Ipike. Another account mjb two eevuHgun redoubts. Nov. 26.?A part of the garrieew attacked the French lines, but retired with the loss of 280. The French loat 75. The defensive works of the English, between the right ef their line of attack and Balahlava, were near]/ completed. Nov. 28.?The following despatch of this date is from Qen. Canrobert: " The rain has ceased and the weather is improving. Oar works will now exhibit fresh activity. Our reinforcements continue to arrive. The enemy still ehows no digits of activity, but continues to protect the town by repeated entrenchments. It is stated that seve ral hundred Russian wagons, laden with provisions and ammunition, were overtakon by a snow storm and lost, and that at present there are only provisions enough it Sebastopol for fourteen weeks." DANUBE. A despatch from Bucharest of the 6th says that 40,000 Turks and one hundred gnna will be embarked at Bait schik and Varna the week after for the Crimea. One regiment remains at Bucharest. Daniek Bey replaces Mussa Pasha a* commandant. Mussa superintends the embarkation. Omer Pacha will leave in a few days. This is considered doubtful. THE BALTIC. Three more ahips are ordered home, and about the 10th instant the remainder will leave. Admiral Rapier has obtained leave to return direst. RUSSIAN MOVEMENTS. Russian guards and grenadiers are advancing Into Po land. The whole first infantry corps left under eemmasd of Gen. Sievers, and is being ooncentrated on the left bank of the Vistula. Two additional battalions are added to the regiments of the inland a*my. Sixty battabons ef sharpshooters, &c. are being enrolled from the peasantry. A Oreek conspiracy had been discovered at Bulgaria and Roumelia. THE AUSTRIAN TREATY. On the 2d ?f Deoember a treaty of alliance was signed at Vienna between Austria, France, and Eogland. The exact terms are not known, but are surmised as follovre : Firstly, that Austria regards the violation of the Turkish territory as a war against herself. Secondly, that Aua> tria will augment her force in the Principalities so as to enable the Turks to resume offensive operations. Thirdly, that on the demand of France and England twenty thou sand Austriani will be sent to the Crimea. Fourthly, France and England guaranty that the territorial posses sions of Austiia shall under all eircuewtanoes remain un diminished. Fifthly, " at present, is- secret." Sixthly, Prussia shall be invited to join the alliance. Seventhly, the treaty to come into operation on the part of Austria, should Russia not come to terms, befc*ei2d January. There is also published a letter from>( ?unt Nesselrode, setting forth the terms on which the Ca r will assent to peace, namely: First, a joint guaranty b the five Pbwers of the protection of the whole Christia \> population in Turkey; secondly, a joint protectorate &. the five Powers over the Principalities, subject to existi g Russian trea ties ; thirdly, the revision of the treaty 1841, to which Russia will assent if the Sultan will fourthly, the free navigation of the Danv ?e ike wise do so? POSITION OF PRUSSIA The speech of the King of Prussia to be Chambers-is also published. The King says that tie army shall be made ready for war, but he refrains fran indicating the course which Prussia will adopt. Memtiree the Berlin papers publish a despatch from the Barai Von Monteuffel, | November 15, to the Ambassador at ycnna, expressing the determination of the Prussian Govrnmsni not to de mand from Russia any concession beycad the four points* It it indeed stated, but should be receded with caution^ that at a council held on the 6th the King of Prussia de termined to unite in the treaty, with A view to bring the war to a close. / The deliberations of the Germans Diet Cemmittee are important. The actual position off affairs seems to be that Prussia insists on a declaratioi in faror of Prussian policy, or at least of neutrality, wile, on the contrary, Austria insists that the following /oint shall be decided: Whether the northeastern froatirs of Austria are not sufficiently threatened to warrant an immediate support from the federal troops. Moat k the Germanic States are with haste putting their arnws on a war footing. The present opportunity for peaee isprobably the last, and if this be rejected we may be prewired to see next spring military operations on as largea scale as they were dur ing the great wars of the Frencp Empire. OBJBAT BI The intended augmentation ted to Parliament is forty-thi one of artillery, and one of rifl men. The accounts of the J gathered mi the Austrian fros pressing the English funds, if| IAIN. the army to be-submit fce battalions of the line, of'86,000 Russian ?ray being had the Soot of de [being consid?d ae an in auccumiexcepi upon th?'esigD?tioa of dioatioa that the Cxar will/no terms which, if granted, wo the Ministry. ( sniff The Washington conveys the decided to maintain the present dynasty on the- throne. On a trivial point respecting the ether duties aU the Min isters resignedhat a vote of confidence in then having been oarried by one hundred majority they resumed office. Mr. Madoz is elected President of tho Council. noPL sttccui Id cAuae tl ?? \ le newe thtf. the Cortes have THE DIPLOMACY OF THE WAR. It has already been stated that the raost im portant item of foreign intelligence brought by the steamer America was the conclusion of an offensive and defensive treaty between Austria, France, and England. As the articles of this treaty had not been officially published when the America left Liverpool it is impossible to speak of them with certainty, and especially sinoe the various journals give conflicting accounts. The following summary, copied from the London Morning Chronicle, appears to be the most nearly authentic : " Tte treaty commences by repeating and recording the declarations and the principal aets of the eonference at Vienna, as well as the declarations and engagements contained in the notes exchanged on the 8th of August, 1854, between the high contracting parties. "Itmaintains the four points of guaranty as the ne cessar/ basis of peace, at the same time that it reserves and recognises to each of the Powers the facalty of ex tending them by additional conditions. * " Austria binds herself to France and England, as she had already done to Turkey by the treaty of the 14th of June, 1854, to occupy the Principalities for the purpose of repusing the Russian troops if they attempted to re enter them. "Austria proclaims the right, as justly belonging to Turkey and to the Allies, of making all the movements which may suit them for the purpose of attacking either the Russian troops or the Russian territory. " If, in consequence of her attitude in the Principali ties, or for any other cause, Austria should find herself at war with Russia, the allianoe, offensive and defensive, be tween her, France, and England shall be established by the fact of the war. "If before the end of the present y*ar (1851) Russia should not have made propositions which are considered acceptable, and which ensure good aod durable peace, the three Powers will advise as to the means of obtain ing that peace. " The three high-contracting Powers bind themselves not to accept any proposition for the re-establishment of peace without having deliberated upon it in common." The London Standard of the evening of the 8 th instant contains the following despatch, which adds the important intelligence that Prussia has also joined the alliance. This despatch, however, is deemed to be of questionable authority : "Paeis, Dbcbmbbe 7.?A telegraph from Berlin states that the new treaty between Austria and the Western Powers had been sent there, and that at a council held on the 6th by the King and his Ministers the adhesion to the treaty was determined on. This produced great surprise among the Russian party. The public both there and here has received this change most favorably, and the funds have risen greatly. The treaty is very shortly to , be published." The Paris Pays sums up the change of situation as follows: " It must be admitted that this situation is exeellent, for it may be summed np in these two important declara tions : Austria is allied to all Germany in a defensive point of view, and she is allied to the belligerent States, Turkey, Franoe, and England, in an offensive point of view. We think that this is a new step in advance which calls for felicitation." The subjoined letter from Count Nesselrode to Baron Rudbdrq, the Russian Ambassador at Ber lin, has appeared in the Independence Beige, and is made the subject of much oommcnt: "St. Pitiuidiqh, Oct. 25, (Nov. 6.) " M. lb Babom : The information which we receive from every side proves to us that at the present moment the German Governments are pretty nearly all preoceu pied with one and the same apprehension, that of see ing a rupture, oooasioned by the Eastern affair, break out between the two great Powers of Germany, which may endanger the peaee of their common country aad the existence eve* of the Germanic Confederation. " Faithful to the policy which he has pursued from the commencement of this deplorable complication, and da aifoaa of circusiMribing the disastrous consequences within the narrowest possible limits, the Emperor, our august master, wishes in the present conjuncture, as far as in him lies, to preserve Germany from the sconrge with which she would be threatened in saoh an event. Consequently you are authorized, M. Le Baron, to declare to the Prussian Cabinet that the Emperor is disposed to take part in any negotiations which may have for their object the re-establishment of peace, and for which the four undermentioned propositions may serve as a point of departure. ' " These prepositions are drawn up below, as follows: " 1. A common guarantee by the five Powers of the religious and civil rights of the Christian population of the Ottoman empire, without distinction of worship. " 2. A protectorate of the Principalities, exercised in oommon by the five Powers, on the same conditions as onr treaties with the Porte have stipulated in their favor. " 3. The revision of the treaty of 1811. Russia will i not oppose its abolition if the Sultan, the principal party interested, consents to it. " 4. The free navigation of the Danube, which exists of right, and which Russia has never had any intention 1 of interrupting. "This determination is founded, not unreasonably, on the supposition that the Wostern Powers will faithfully fulfil the engagement which they have contracted in the face of Enrope to assuro the future of the Christian population of the Ottoman empire?that their religious and civil rights shall be placed henceforth under the gua rantee of all the Powers, and that so the principal object which Russia has had in view in the present war shall be attained. " If the sentiments which have dictated to his Majesty the present declaration are appreciated in Germany, as we havs a rigbt to suppose they will be, we think we may indulge in the hope that the Confederation, united on the same ground and entirely reassured as to the German interests engaged in this quarrel, will profit by its una nimity to throw its weight into the balance of Europe in favor of ? peace,, for which Austria and Prussia have spontaneously presented to us, in the four points, a basis which wou]fcl satisfy them completely. "If, on the ooutrary, there,is any wish to make use of the union?maintained onoe more by the care of Russia? to put forward new conditions incompatible in sub stance as well as in form with'his dignity, the Emperor does not doubt but that the States of the Confederation will reject all such pretensions, from whatever side they may eome, as oontrary to the sentiments of good faith with which they are animated, as well as to the true in terests at Germany. It is a neutrality maintained with firmness and perseverance, such as has been proclaimed since the origin of this contest, that the Emperor thinks he has a right, in all justice, to demand from her, in re tain for ti e deferonoe with which he has received the wishes whi ch h*?e been addressed to him in her name. "Ac cept, &o. Di Nkssbuobk." It will be observed that in this note llussia offers to aooept the four points, modified somewhat to suit her vie ws. The London Times, in the course of an elaboi-ate article on the subject, concluding witb the expression of its belief that " war on a more-extended scale, and not pcace, will arise out of the present conjuncture of affairs," says: " About tei i days later, and after the result of the battle of Inkermann was known by the Caar, the Austrian Minister at St. Petereburgh was informed that the Rus sian OerenuM nt was disposed to aooept the four points without diet* i nodifications. In both cases it is evident that the real object of the Bussian Cabinet in making these deohuratic >ns was-to obtain from Germany 'a neu trality support ed with firmness and perseverance f but in both eases th e manauvre seems to have failed, for even Prussia was art; restrained from ooncluding the additional article to her fan >aty with Austria, and Austria prooeeded without any far ther delay to complete her treaty with the Western Pow ers. It is evident, therefore, that the German States tl lemselves regarded this qualified adop tion of the ftmr articles as an insincere or insufficient concession,, which was intended merely to disarm and divide theza/.witl out any substantial compliance with the just demands of tl ie belligerent Powers." THE PRUSENT STATE OF THE WAR. rBO? THE LONDCW TIKIS Of DECEMBER 4. The war has new entered into one of those periods of pause and inaction which* even in the most stoutly main tained contests, most of necessity intervene. Winter has olosed the Bahie against a farther repetition of those maritime p?omenades which, with the littie interlude of Bomarsund, have employed the energies of one of the finest fleets thai ever left the shores of England. The same cause has put an ead to the campaign in Armenia, and Turks and-Russians may there resign themselves for the next six months to a peace guarantied by the impe rious intervention of frosty snow, and ice. On the banks of the Danube the flame ef war has burnt out, the Turks having neither food, clothe*, nor military stores sufficient for a seriously offensive movement, and the Russians having betaken themselves by sea and by land to rein force the army of the Crimea. At Sebaetopol itself the Allies are looking for shelter, ammunition, clothing, and reinforcements,, and guarding against the possibility of being forced'to gain, at equal risk and equal oost, another victory like that of Inkermaan. The Russians seem bo coming every day mere sensible of the tremendous blow they have reoeived, and, engaged probably in the difficult) task of feeding and sheltering an army sent post for oar annihilation without any thing but the most portable means of destruction, can take no offensive measures* Both parties are recovering their breath for a moment before they close again in the mortal struggle. This, then, is no unsuitable tune for collecting some lessons of experience out of the mass of events, and treasuring them up for future use. THE GALE UN THE BLACK SEA. rao? Tun toifnoii times of decimbix 5. Of the many and great losses suffered by the Anglo French Expedition from one cause or another, the storm en the 13th of November, of which we have at length the melancholy details, may almost bo regarded as the worst. It is true that the immediate loss ef men is not to be com pared with the numbers plaoed hor.t de combat at the bat tles of the Alma and Inkermanny still less with tho vic tims of cholera. It may also he admitted that, for a country so rich as oars, and with such a power of rapid production, the loss of material is usually little more than a temporary iaoonvenienoe. In this instance, how ever, the losses come in a form and in a time the most un fortunate that could be desired by the worst enemy of the expedition. The total loss of men at the various stations on the coast of the Crimea on the disastrous 13th cannot be less than a thousand, besides those that have fallen into the hands of the Cossaoks. The loss of vessels was thirty British and French wreoked and half as many dis masted at Balaklava, and eighteen wrecked or dismasted at the mouth of the Katcha. Our men of war, thanks to the precaution of frequently trying their cables, have come off with no further damage than the loss of guns, or of masts, or of rigging, the twisting of their rudders, or the springing some leaks. The French have lost the 1 Henry IV, a noble three-decker and a favorite war steamer. That far we have sustained no loss beyond the ordinary drain of war; bat the greatest calamity is that of whioh we scarcely know the full. The Prince, a mag nificent new screw-steamer of 2,700 tons, carried to Ba laklava the 46th regiment, all the winter clothing for the troops engaged in the siege, including forty thousand greatcoats, flannel suits, under clothing, sooks and gloves; beef, pork, and other provisions; hospital stores for 8cu tari; and a vast quantity of shot and shell to carry on the siege. These are wholly lost, and nothing remains of the Prinoe but half a dozen of her numerous crew, who managed to get on the cliffs when she was " broken to 'powder" against them. The Resolute, with nine hun dred tons of gunpowder, also went to the bottom. Thus, it seems, all the materials for oarrying on the siege and I providing against the severity of the winter have been carried off at ene fell swoop; and, even if we think to content ourselves with merely maintaining our position on the heights before Sebastopol, it is evident that we are not in a condition to stand oar worst foe, the coming winter. Every thing seems to have conspired, under a myste rious dispensation of Heaven, to make the loss of the Prince the greatest possible disaster. She could not stop at Scutari to land the hospital stores so greatly wanted there. When she arrived at Balaklava it was blowing fresh, and she did not venture within the narrow tortuous channel of the harbor. All she did w|a to land the 46 :h, though it is said that, besides a very large crew, some sappers and some medical and other ofloers were still on board. On attempting to anchor the whole of tho cable ran out, not being properly clinched. A second cable shared the same fate. The Prince then steamed out, while a third cable was got up from the hold, and with this she was brought to, though with a smaller anchor than those she had lost. This answered for awhile. On the dreadful morning of the 18th, however, it proved utterly inadequate. The Prinoe cat away her masts and put on her steam; bat the wreck of the misenmast fouled the screw, and the noble vesael, becoming helpless, imme diately drifted against the rooks. Figure* are but feeble language for the description of auoh a catastrophe, but the value of the Prinoe aa she floated is pat down at ?160,000 and her cargo at half a million. There must have bean nearly two hundred souls on board. Tho thirty transports utterly lost, with moat of their crews, at BalakUva, are pot down at ?15,000 each. So hew it once a million of monoj went to the bottom, in a form at which money conveys bat * faint idea. The other low enumerated above, the French ehip of the line and war .steamer, the transports loet on the western coast, th? many vessels of all kinds disabled, make up another million to be added to the naked pecuniary estimate of the loss. Bat the true way of stating it is, that the amy is ut terly disabled for the present, and left to no other protec tion than Heaven and that valor which the British soldiar is ever sure to display in the face of the greatest difficul ties, the direct privations, and the most overwhelming numbers. Yet never was the ancient valor ofieur race put to so tremendous a trial. The tempest, which is said to have been the most terrible ever known in that part of the world, and which overthrew three of the minarets of Sultan Aohmet's Mosque at Constantinople, besides driving large vessels from their mooring before that city, did not spare the Allies even on land. It blew down and greatly injured their tents, feeble protection as they arc against the cold of a Crimean winter at the height of seven hundred feet above the neighboring surge. Such is the situation in which the army finds itself suddenly deprived of the much wanted supply of clothing sent ouft. for the wioter and the equally needfol ammunition for the siege. THE BATTLE OF INKERMANN. The special correspondent of the London Times, under date of the 8th of November, communicates some further particulars of the battle of Inkermann We make tk? following extracts : In my despatch forwarded to-day from Balaklava I aft tempted to conneot the interval which had elapsed sinon the last post-day (November 3d) with the present date* but the great battle and viotory of Inkermann rose op grimly in the middle of my notes and engrossed all my time, and would have consumed far more if I had had it to spare, for I could have devoted many hours more to the description of the fight and to the incidents which marked that memorable 5th of November. I was stop ped full swing in the middle of my despatch by the de parture of the poet, and had to close it up in great hasto to save the mail. The battle was at its height about 8 o'clock, and by that time the Euesians had partially established them selves on the heights on our right. Men covered with blood and spitting it out came limping a long and sat dowa by the bushes, examining their hurts and imploring water or a little brandy. Ambulances hovered on the plain kn the rear around the scene of the fight; horses on threo legs or out by balls hopped along, looking piteously for help; the fog folded the hills in its clammy embrace, but the roar of cannon and musketry told of the struggle whiGb was going on along tnose Diooay neignta. The French were drawn up in three bodies of abost 2,000 men each on tha ridge of the hills over Balaklava* watching the movements of the Russian cavalry in tha plain below. As I came up the enpmy were risible, draws out in six divisions, with the artillery and infantry ready to act, and horses saddled and bridled. It was evident they were waiting for the signal to dash up the hilli ia our rear and sabre our flying regiments. They had a long time to wait 1 The French lines below us were lined by Zouaves; the gunners in the redoubts, with matekM lighted, were prepared to send their iron messenger* through the ranks of the horse the moment they osm within range. Behind the French 5,000 " Bono John nies" were drawn up in oolumns as a reserve, and several Turkish regiments were also stationed under the heights on the right, in a position to act in support should thdfar services be required. Already the French were on' their inarch from the sea to our assistance, and the black lines of their regiments streaked the gray plain as they marek ed double quick towards the scene of notion. The Chas seurs d'Afrique on their gray Arabs swept about tke slopes of the hill to wateh an opportunity for a dash. Our own cavalry were drawn up by their encampments, the heavy brigade on the left, the light brigade in ther centre of our position. The heavy cavalry were employed in protecting our left and rear. At & o'clock the Freneh streamed over the brow of the hill on our right?Chasseurs d'Orleans, Tirailleurs, Indi genes, Zouaves, infantry of the line, and artillery?and at once rushed over the brow and fell on the flank of the Rus sian column. On visiting the spot it was curious to obeaws how men of all arms, English, Frenoh, and Russians, lay together, showing that the same ground must have bam occupied several times by different bodies of troops. That Frenoh were speedily engaged, for the Russians had plenty of men for all comers. Their reserves is ths valley and along the road to Sebastopol received the shat tered columns which were driven down the hill, allowad them to re-form and attaek again, or furnished fresh regi ments to assault the Allies again and again. This rosarvs seems to have consisted of three large bodieB, probably of 5,000 men each. The attacking force could not nave been less than 20,000 men, and I make a very low eett mate indeed of the strength of the Russians to-day who*. I place it at from 45,000 to 50,000 men of all arms. Som say there were from 50^000 to 60,000 men engaged am the side of the enemy, but I think that number excessive* and there certainly was not ground enough for them to show front upon. Capt. Burnett says that he saw freak, bodies of Russians marching up to the attaok on three successive occasions, and that their artillery was reliev ed no less than four times. The Minie rifle did our work. Oar volleys told on the advancing bodies of Russian? fearfully, and, in order to be out of scope of such terribla weapons, they rushed' on us with the bayonet, and after long and desperate enoounters met their masters and were forced to retire. * . The column of attack on the Russian right, which oame up on our position at the nearest point to SebaBtopol, waa mainly resisted by the Fourth Division and marines. The Russian centre was principally resisted by the Second Division and the Light Division; and some of the Third Division and the Brigade of Guards were opposed to the third or left attacking column of the Russians, whiek forced its way up the hill towards the Sandbag Battery, at the furthest point from Inkermann. The Fourth Di vision had in a short time all its generals?Sir George Cathcart and Brigadiers Goldie ana Torrens?killed or mortally wounded, and seven hundred men, or more than one-quarter of its strength, put hort dt combat. Colonel Swyny, of the 63d Regiment, and Major Wynne, of the 68th, were killed early. Col. Crofton was wounded in. three places: Major Sharpe was badly wounded also, aad Lieut. Dowling was killed. The 20th Regiment, to whiek these offioers belonged, went into action 490 strong; 16 came out 362. The other regiments suffered in propor tion. The Second Division had left when it came out ef aetion exactly six field-officers and twelve oaptains fit for duty, and I believe Major Farrer, of the 47th Regiment, was the senior officer, and had to take oharge of the di I vision. The proper complement of captains to the di | vision wonld of course be sixty. The charge at the Alma did not present any thing like the scene round the Sandbag Battery, which is placed em a steep descent towards the Tehernaya. The pilea ef dead here were frightful. Upwards of 1,200 dead and dying Russians lay behind, around, and in front of it, and many a bearskin cap and tall English grenadier lay there too, with frequent corpses of French chasseurs and in fantry soldiers. While the Guards were at their utmost need the Freaek oolnmns moved down impetuously on the exulting enemy, and, taking them in the flank, foroedthem back along the side of the hill under the fire of our divisions. The Allien charged them, and hailed ball and shot into them witk deadly effect The enemy, though supported by the fir* of tremendous artillery, could not withstand as, and be fore 1L45 A. M. their army was retiring before 8,500 British and 9,000 French infantry. The fall of rain and the gloom, to whioh I have before alluded as having oc curred about this time, enabled them to collect and maka another stand, but the Allies speedily drove them back, and at 12.35 they were in flail retreat towards Sebastopol*. covered by their guns. A little before this time I had ridden up to an ad vanned ficket-house of ours, which commands a view of tke rench lines and of our right attack. I found there Mr. Leyard, who is still an anxious and eager amateur eat. here, and a group of officers, looking down from the front on the town, which was smiling freshly in the returning sunshine, and talking of an expected assault by tha Frenoh. The redoubts, earthworks, and redans, as well as the Frenoh and English attacks, were biasing away aa usual against each other, and dotting the scene with paflk of white smoke. Suddenly a sharp, crashing rattle ef musketry, whioh came distinctly to our ears through tha roar of the eannon, was heard on the left toward tka Flagstaff Battery, in front of the Frenoh lines. Througk the glass I could see the csps of some French troops, who were advanoing from the last parallel by a wall, whiek seemed to me inside the town. " Hurrah," was the cry, " the French are in the place!" In a moment afterward the Russians oould be made out running as hard aa they could from the rear of the Flagstaff Battery down toward? the houses at the side of the first harbor, and before three minutes elapsed, one I two! three! up shot pillars of deal and dark smoke into the air. The Russians bad sprung, three mines inside the work. In less than two minntea more two more mines were sprung. The musketry ceasedL the smoke cleared away, revealing a mass of ruins and timbers and beams of cottages, and presently the guna in front of the Flagstaff Battery epeaed on the French, and destroyed all onr hepes that there bad been a suc cessful assault. I heard this evsalng that the Russtaaa had made a sortie, and traversed two parallels before, they were repulsed, and that the French followed thesa closely to the town. It la probable that the Bnssiaaa fired the mine to prevent pursuit, fearing they might enter the nlaee along with them. The French buried twa hundred dead Russians before sunset, and hare eighty more in front of their lines to buy to-morrow.