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Southern tribune. [volume] (Pontotoc, Miss.) 1842-18??, December 20, 1845, Image 1

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OOV 8ÄN1NO PASSIONS ; IT CAN ONLY DWELL WITH THE PEOPLE.— Andrew Jackson.
M—
TRUE VIRILE CANNOT * ilST WHERE POMP AND PARADE ARE THE
. T 1 " " "" 1 ~ — j—- i
h'
yUJtfBES
*■
PONTOTOC MISSISSIPPI, SATURDAY. DECE3IBJ [8J5.
VOI/UME r.
»nnPRlETOB AND PUBLISHER
pROTRtr- -
ti'JliiUiriw].,
— • n ... ^
T ^l', S |T»""îrwbïn p"d in* entrance—
:^Veai of i.x month., aod #5 i f not paid
f. M ofihe year. . .
^.a^orytionw ^^r eoehred ÿragmd.
>1 »' »•'! ^ û ^
« Ä! y *
? *îrVll |,enoos permiUintr their paper, to be .
ean tiiii*J I* fl * r ii e fred^fîThê t^iH ,be>
"'ki'coptinueA *
rr y u-adisetneo,. conteinins twelve line* or
, c ,7 , n .erhJ fur One Dollar, and fifty cenu for •
elC hsui,se,uer,t insertion. TU
• srt L°"'.Æw.Te «U7 will »hi continued un
r, ? e "icrei on*, and charged for accordingly.—
AdreVtiximev from edutaoce must be aoc«n
n.aied wbb^ ee^^e^Wee tw refareiipe
Article,jo c V, irE ed »t tl.e rate of for eve. *
^'urrivr lines for each insertion, political cir
or public adilre..e., for'he benefit of in
JirihuN orcomnanie», wil be c i.rijod a»ad
r erti»creic-~»* * for OFFICF 1
A T' S .^an. l'un ma candidate, tor State or
n^rict '®ce- dl' *tB be charged—for County
ofice* #■'*• „ »nvpRTISINr
YEARLY Af^® b 1,'beral dt«- ?
" 1n yeS |11> *ra!iie. Cl
r, f!«privilege of annual adverti«er.. i. limited
io tiieir *' wn immediate buvine«». and all adver
t ioments for the^ene^ t^o ^eaiiu'.re'. *° U
by them, mu* ' ' ' ' ' *
rr n*ef the &knatr
I'lllow Lilittntjy * ,
until on ey i •
It is to me a source of unaffecKd snt.s
(jftimMo m*-et thp Ren»c#ontatt*i*a of the
peoplejB. t ongrexs nssetn
I,>d, as it will be to receive io md ol their
combined wisdom in in* a(lm mist ration of
p ilt'.ic aifur*. In perlurmmg, for the first
ti ne, the duty iinponed on ft* hy tpo Con
siituiinn, of giving to you information^ ol
the s'aie of the Union, nod recommending
Bv*ir consideration auch measures as in
mi, jul-faeot are neceasary and expedient,
I ntn hnppy that I cnn congratulate you on
rhe r.intumed prosperity of our country.— t
Under the blessing* ol Divine Providence, ;
and the benign inffi-n<re of »qr free inali-' ]
t'Jtion*. it stand* before the w*»!d-* apec
tacla of national happiness.
With cur unexampled advancement in n
all (he elements of national fereatne.*, the
affection of the people »confirmed for the
union of the Stalea, and" Tor the doctrines f
of popular liberfy, which lie at the found# p
tion of our government.
It becomes us, in hufnili'y. lo make our
d-v -ut acknowledgcpietits to the Supreme
Ruler ol the Universe, for ihe inestimable py
•-ml und religiouirtblessings with which wc
are favored. «
In cu i ng Ihe attention of Congress tq |}
our relations with foreign Powers, I am
gratified to he nb'e to'siu'e, that though '''
«th-nmo of them there have existed since '
vour Inst session serioti* qauset oC irrira.
'mn and m.sundersianding, yet no actual ^
hostilities have tahao pfbeo. Adopting the an
itnxim in the conduct of our foreign affeir»,
to "ask nothing that is not right, and aub- ,
mit to nothing 'hat is wrong," it has been
my anxious d t.ire to preserve peace with w
all nations; but, at the same time, to be
prepaced to resist aggression, and to main.
tain all our just right«. , t
In pursuance of the joint resolut i.iqsof
Congress, "lor annexing Texas to the U. .
States," mv predeceasor on the third day
of March, 1915 , elected to submit the firsi ™!
nnd second sc étions of thnt resolution lo the *
Republic of Tex ts, as an overture, on the
part of ilm United Stales, for he r admission
5. a State into our Union. Tin* election 1 1?
approved, nnd accordingly the (.'h»rgr d'
Affaira of the United State, tn Tex**, un
der instructions ol the tenth of M*r:h,
1^45 presented tlr'se sectious of the res-,
hition foMhe* acceptance of that Republic. *
The execu ve^Governmmt. the Coogre,..
«nd,ï Topk of Texas in Convention,
have successively complied with all the
terms ami ciindîuoo* of the joint resolution.
A SbÏSuSu foîîto Government of the 80
Suite of Texas Airmi-d by a Convention r
c Deauties "herewith l.id before Con
!-reM P h ii well known, als«,, bat. h*>eo.
n'e r i T, at the no'ls have accept^lthe '*
p of i l I ,| ie (^n.
erms ol annex , ^
atiUityin. _ _ ,i iatfarrC s.
I communicate 10 . ^ " Pute
pondence between the Score J
nnd our Charge d'Aflstre* «n ex»*, and
also tlm eorresp»m Jeace of ,hel * ,IPr '* 1 ,^
the auroomie* of Tcxer; together with 'h
official documents transmitted by him to his
parties i* solemnly pkdgedflo the eomparl
of tlveir Uniafil N«bmg remat#* (« e»n
,h- i-vent, but the "
act by L mgrea to admit theSTate . I lex ,
M into the Uniiro, upon a«^eyWt frpriag
»tÜlth« origin« 1 S ;;'" . ,™Vn " r lv
exietwhy tbi» rbouU be done 8»
period the — f" ^
thot, by tiro Ctmatitut.on nr Texas, the ex.
istiag Government .« o«'y continued tem^ ^
porartly tîl» Congre** can ac ; mJJJ j*
.bird Monday of the present mo«th ti tl^
day appointed for bolding «h» first gejwral
election. Onthat dxye Governor.« Lieu, j
ten«»! Governor, and both branclms of tro
Legislature, will be chosen bv the
The Proaideot of Texas is required, irnmc
diately after lh. receipt of otfic.al mtort^
non that the now State has been .Bm.tted .
\V. w. LELAiNDf
:•>
to
MESSAGE
or TtIB vw
I'rrsidcnt of IIio C,t Clitics
Stales and th&
10
tummite
upof"'. "JÉ* lie
ext.t.ng Government will be rupcwded
aod g|aw Uo " ««Eg
Questions deeply interestinir toTcxam 7"
JfcZ,rVithT»i 55« theJ.
Mon of our revenue law. and ÆiÏÏ£
tem over her people and terriforv a. wed
.
" ™ ,, J at ,eut fonTconVreJ,«^ ih!«
ron- uil î^y rnetSTf'R lü. n
Government! .he STiffc. reX^H
be . . ^ VritbooTonnecea.nrv I
(nntiot too eatncatlv recommend. .
ÄoXirÄenJSS Pl
As amu as the^et m admit T...
or ^ ' . ... . . 1 1 x " ** 8
for • a ' e ^"" ^ P™' ' he *' B,on ® r ' hs
R ' ^ n ,* ! r ' 45 ^ n8U,ttm8 ' cd by 1 hcr
°' V .p. v ^ >'■ » ry r - ( >iiaer t. |
., 'jJ* 00 ***. - ' Mir lermory ha. I.ecn
a blot^lCM No armor fawe
ha* l>ceo raised »a produce the re^iU. The
* wort f hBS ha no part in the victory. We
'* v# n . , ' , *'' u gni to extend our territorial
in- p««*eseioo» by conquest, or our Hepabli
cao lestiiiitiofl. oyer ji reluctant people.—
1 1 was the (liMtb*rate homagrofeach peo
or 1,1 °. 10 110 ß reaI P rinc, P^■* °' our '»defative
union. ,
It wc con*idcr the extent of territory in
? in the annexation—it. prospective
influence on America—the mean, by which
iv has been aceompUahcd, springing purely
Iron» #io choice of the people thr-m.elvffc to
U *I ,#rc •It*" bh .singa of, our union—rtlie his
lory of the world may be challenged to
Arnian n peretfel.
'Th. jurisdiction of the Upitcd Rtalea,
which «I ihe furmation of the federal con
stitutiun whs bound#« by tjte St. M ar y'*>
on tlid'Atian'ic, has pea ed the Capa, of
Florida, and been peacefully extended to
, he Norte> Ip contemplating the
grandeur of thi* evrnl, it is «6t to be for
gotten that Uie result was achieved in de.
pH« of the diplomatic interference tif Eu
r0 j,(. an monarchies.', iEvep France—the
g§j^ lr y which had. been -our atfcieni hfly
of —yij,. ootintry. which Une* n'seoptmon Imer
with o* in maintaining the'freedom of
iW|# — co „ 0 try which, by the ees-^
ol of Louisiana, first dpenCd to «is nc *
j 0 Gulf of Mexico—the country
in nhicb we have been every year
dra*wi n g more and more closely the bonds
j,ffueerssful commerce—molt unexpected
t an( j lo 0|lr »rgrel, took part
; n an effort to prevent annexation, and to
] m|K , s<! on Texa*. a* a conJitiun of ihe re
cognition of her independence by Mexico,
that she would never join herselt to the U
in n ; te d States. We may rejoice that the tran
ru j| #I . l( i pervading irtHuence*br the Am.ri
„„ pr i nc iple of aelf-government was auf
f ic ^n, to d c f e<t the purpose* of British and
p rrne |, interference, a.id that the almost
unanimous voice of th# people of Texas
has ridii to that intcvOrence a pcncaful
Wllt j t-fTssotive reLùb«». From .his example,
py ur0 p,.*„ fovernments rn«y le»rn how
,ypj nilia tle »rfa end intrigues must
« nar prwve upon this continent, again*«
|} n( ^ ysîe , M 0 f «elf-government which
<lt .. i«, ur ahto our aoil. and .winch* will
''' f (ir *iun mterrareMe, -
' Towards Tax«.; t* do • eer-doubt thbt a
BIM j o«i>cir>u> spirit will actuste
^ 1<>nrefs B f|'Jhat çoi^ern» her interests
an j njosperity, nod that «ha will never
haT# c * u <r to regret that »be has united her
,- wf , $ ar "t 0 cur glqrjrm* cqgltrlfatio«,
j re gret to tnfortn you that our relations
w j,|, Maxie», since your last cession, have
been o l the onucable character which
|a our j e# j re to cultivate with all foreign
nations Ou the sixth day of owvrch last,
' ' ^ cxtraordirrtry and min
. plenipotentiary in tiro United States
rJ-ial arntV' in the nam# of hta
™! * ' inst ',b«. »wot »«solution
* .j v. v Couaf.'«* "fe* the annexation
lo r.,'|t e d States," 'which he
*** , ,£1,1100 of the rights
1? «„jeo and in censeouenca of it,he*
, ■ '■ _*■« » «. lie wxz informed
of , h « United Statai
'^''.'wnsider this joint resolution a* a
ld . " ' nnv ol , h e null's of Mexico,
* 1 ^' °" ^"ÄdLy " V JÏo» ofIto*ce
h, ' ïti'TZ Republic of
Pow^r, owing
*.. • j Vlesicc. and cotstitutiog
1)00 x r h.r ta*rt1orV or rixhtful sove
80 P«/' °He «ras also as
r '' e ^ h * ;. J wa , lh « s ucere dreire ef thi*
.urcdHha. t wa. h^mce^ ore
« .„Tcovid under....
'* #r r..^T lor , r v however, not- it
dmg. That u ' md
withstanding rite*« r,pre * , . n
surances, abruptly terminated hi* n» as a. P
andahor'ly afterwards left thacotrotry- Ou ,
Envoy Extraordinary end Mm'« er I n
rv lo Mexico wa* refused alt ofli
eial intercoerse with that government, and,
^ re «wainxM! several month*, bv ihe
^ of hi; j government he ro
llut , ime Mexico ha», «mil recent
„^upi-d an attuude of hoetihty toward»
,hc United States-hes been marshalling
, B j org «nixing srmvca, t*sun»g proclama
l(0n , t * n( *. V owiog the ,tvtcaù..nUi make
on the Ue ted State., cither bp.o o
deeUratmn, or by mvadtvg Texa*.
Mh tire Congrere and Convention of the
^ Teiu inwited this Crever.imeot
^ sn „ H)) :nlo ,h it temtory. to pro
!ect all J di firnd them againf. .he menaced
k _ Tb<s „^moni the term« of «noe«
„ffered by the Unfed Staree, were
j n® tbe Utter becanva so
tro 1 toi . ouro-BC „ Mll ^„ lo make
1 L , lo a ff or d «ueh protaclro« «nd
,V" fore deemed it ,*»per. ..
jmeasure, to order a stronger
. P rec
4
2Zi*r" M in* Ä #f " ,,d *°
the western fron-i!^ «r ll T " rn,rt * r - T <[ orc * <,n
*? T j . î f * f T e,M Chitermy
? ef * ,t° P° s,,l °* ,n the coun
L ^ W * en i^Numteenndth.- Del Norte,
Ter, U
b ® •"«"P*®* by
ÏTlfT^S f *T* °" r « *•
«"'/ «J«*«*« 0 co-opemt. w.th the ar
"!>' «rmy and navy wefe
P *JTu *'"ft" lo Qur •*».
* ,ld ,h ® r, ß h! * of 1 were ordered
° com " l, "? hoatility against Mext
^.Vu 8 * h# war, or washer.
ri h *' , K8' w [' r 1*7 »tnkiffg the first blow,
* be result ha. beep, that Mexico ha. made
no a K grewive movement, and our mililwry
«nd navaf isommaoden. have exeettfed their
| order, with euch diécrelion, that the peace
of the twe republic, ha. not been dislur
bed. ' .
Texes bed declared her int'apendeoee,
and nmuMamed it by her arms far njbrc
than nine yearn. She haa had eh organ
jcjJ geveroaieut in *uefce»sfol operetioe
during the, period. Her separate existence,
as an independent State, had been Tecog
nia'-d hyj[n'e United State, pnd the-priltci
pal Powers of Europe. Treaties of com
meree and navigation had been concluded
with her by diflVrent nations, end if>had
become rr.alyfust to the whole world thar
any further attempt on the p.r* of M*'xioo
tu conquer her, or pvtrlhrow her govern
mem, wouQ he vain. Even Mexico fwr
«s!i h»d become sati.fied ef-thi# laet ; am]
whi! t lie <|iiention cl annexation wae pm
ding before fhe people of Tdha.*, during
rhe past summer, the government of Jifex
i to by a form it act, «sr-ed tq recogms*
the indexa lene?« of Texas on condition
that she would not 'annex, herèelï lo ary
o her Powpr. The agreement to acknbw Uj
edge the independence of Texas, whether
wither without tfTt* condition,^ is $onctn
vive' Hgalnst Mexico. The independence
of Texas i. * fact *onieded by Mexico
heraelf and sh» bad no right or authority
lo prescribe ee»tri«tin»s a« V» the Jorro of
government which Texas might tfterwardi
«.hoove ip assume. * .
. • * » '. ' * S2 *
My attention was early directed to the
negotiation, wbieh^on the fourth of Idaroh
last, I found pending at Washington be
ween the United State« and Great Britain,
on ihe subject or the Oregon Territory.—
Three several attempts had been previously
made to settle the question* in disputa be
tween the two countries, by negotiation,
upon the principle of compromise; but each
had proved un.ncqeskfuL
The» nrgotiaifon.'took place at London,
in the years 1818* 1824'. and 162«; the
two first under lb« administration of Mr.
Monroe, and the last under that of Mr.
Adams. The negotiation of 1818 having
failod to accomplish its object, resulted in
the Convention of th«20th of October of
that year. Ry the W article of ihat'Çon
veiuioii.it was "«greedMeaning country
iIhm may be claiiQgd by either party'on the
Northweit coast of America, west ward nf
the StflOy mounlsip*. ahalt, together wirir
iu harbor», boy*. apiTctfSke, and rha navi-,
gtifioo of all^iyars with'» tlie same; be free
madopeo lot ihe icrin of ten veardfrom the
dais ofihe sigaature of the present Con
ven'ion, lo tba vessel*, citizen*, and sub
jects of the two powers; it being well un
daratood that Ifti* agreement i* sot to
b« coastrued to the prejudice of any claim
which either of the twq high coot reeling
parties may have.to. any part of the said
country, nor shall it be: takeo to affect the
claims of any other power ur State to any
part of the said country; the only object of
'he high oontractiog parties io that respect
being to prevent di-putea and differeoças
-among thenM<?lVe«." >
The negotiation ol 1824 was productive
of no re.elt, and the^onvcntioii of 1818
was kf. unchanged. .
The negftiation of 182i having al.o fai(.
ad lo eflbet an »djustmeni by eomproroi*#,
resulted i# ihe Conventioo of Augu.t «he
aix-h, 1827, by which it was agre.d to con
tinu# ui force, for »n indsfio.te period, the
provisio. of Ih, third hrticle of th. Oon
vVo.um of the twentieth of Oc.dber, 1818,
and it was further pVovtdcd, , ha, ",t shall
be compcteot, however, to either ef the con
trading partie*, hi èase either should think
fit, « any time after the twentmth of Oc
tober, 1828, on giving due notice of twelve
^ther contracting party, to
ennui and abrogate thi. Convention; and
it «hall, in such ■ case, be accordingly en
tirelv annulled and abrogated after the ex
■, ration of the said term of norioe." In
P attamnis Ie ad! st ihe controversv
, j7! Bra !| e | P o( lh e lorty-mnlh degree of
P been oftred bv the U
North fortiwda had,
7 ' ' Q Q 0 * r ® |, p
and 18«, wuh a urthe
^
dow X chaanri hf ^batrirrr '#
uad been offered by -re n *' >
> rtttrj *
T . ,he * ^ ^ - "1, h . [h4J .. r .| M vT
«.tim» had been r jec- ) P
p Extr , ntil .
u • ll,., WeL Mtaetm r v ofihe
nary a^ MtamtyvPlewip^W r ^4 » M
Jf lüfro^lB
^ " « Th^f.t.vod .he que*- ion, wh. n
^ Thu *, J- .nerwards
.T^htaîon- «d on the
r, "f Pr .^ rd , ° 0 , ,^ 4) lev form
iwenjj thir l ' * J -, .' lün ef m .
I lTo ail tba previous
modmw predeeraeor. "T nrioein 1
d tTc SSSftSJCl
comp^fie«, and Hie a owv* povp«
M
° r ? 8rtie * *«» treat of the respect
,v * 1of l he l*o countries to the Ore
gon territory, with the view to establish a
permanent binwdary between them west
yard M _,h. Rocky Mountain, lo the Pa
Acwjdmgly. on the twenty,
njtth of August, 1844, the British plenip*
J* .ary offered ,o dieid. the Oregon trri
t*y by the forty-ainth parallel of North
latitude from the Rocky mounts*, to the
P°* nl of "• -motion with -the North
ea^ernmoet branch ef the Columbia river,
«od ihenoe down Chat river to theses; leav
i«| the free «vig.ti« cf «he river to be
enjoyed m common by both parties—ihe
opuntry South of thi. line to belong to the
<Med State., and that North or it to Great
Bnnin. At the eémeîime.lie proposed,
in addition, to yield to Ihe United States a j
detaohed territory North of the Columbia,
eelending .long the Pacific and die Strait,
of Puce, from Rullinch'a harbor inclusive,
«• Hood'» canal, and (o make free to if*
United State.-eny port or port. South of
leiilude foidy-eibo degree^ which they
might desire, ouher on the maifi land' or
on Quadra and Vancouver'« island, with
>he exception of,he free porta, this was the
*ania.offer which had been made by the
British, and rejected by the American Qo.
vernment in th« nÇgotiationT)l 1826. Thi*
propoeitioo was property rejected by the
American plenipotentiary on thn day it
was tubmiudd. . This wu the only j»ropo
eitien of compromise •oflhred bj Ihre Rrfl'.h
piehijpnteminry. I he prop. . ;.-yn on the j
p»rt offrent Britain lifving Iwett rejected,
the Bfiu.h plenipotenlinry r queued ''that
4 proposal should be made by the Uni'cd
State, for an "tri able adjustment of the
'question." . ' "> .» '
When I came into office, I found this to
ho the state of rhe negotiation. • Though
entertniding the scitletf conviction,that the
Brirish prelensidhs'of title could not be
maintained to any pertioa of the Oregon
territory upon any principle of public Iftw
recbgsiixad by hâtions, yet, in deference to
Mini had Leen done by my predecessors,
and especially in consideration that propo
aitiona of cotnproqvise had been thrice
nmde by two preceding administration«, to
adjust the question on the paratlei «f fferty
nine degrees, end in two 'ofthem viefding
to Great Britain the Tree navigation df the
Columbia, aod that the pending negotiation
had been commenced on the basis of com
promise, I deemed it to be roy duty not ab
ruptly to break it off. In consideration,
loo, that' under the cohveniions of 1818
and 1827, the eitixen# and subjects of th«
two Power* held a joint occupancy of th#
o< »otry,I wr »induced to nrnke another of
fort lo set tie thi« long pending controversy
io the spirit of moderation which had givan
birth to the renewrd discussion. A propo
sition was accordingly made, which was
reject«! by the British plenipotentiary, w ho
without submitting any other proposition,
pufRtred the negotiation on his oart tq drop,
expressing Iws trust that the Upifed State*
would o®:i' what he saw fit to nail "some
further propwal for the seltlemept of the
Oregon queapou more consistant with fair
ora* and equity, and with the reasonable,]by
dxpeeiatio'o* of th# British government.**—
The pfopoaiiion thus offered and rejected,
reposted the offer of Ihe paralleler forty
nine degraws of »north latitude» which bad
been made by two preceding administra
tion», but without proposing to surrender lo
Great Britain, as they bad dene, the free
navigation of the Columbia river. The
right of any foreign power to the free
navigation ot any of nur rivers, through
the heart ofxwr country was ene which I
was unwilling to concede. It, alatj em
braced a prpvision to make frse to Çreat
Britain *ny port or ports on the cap of
Qnadra and Vancouver.'* Island, soutj» of
this pxrâilal. Had this be«n a new one«,
tion, coming uadsr dtacuasUm fpr the first
lime, ibis propeaiiion would not have been
made. The extraordinary andI wholly in
admiasihlo demand, of the Bntnh govern
ment, *nd the rejection of the proposition
made in deference alone to what had bee.
dene by my predacrasors, and the implied *!
obligation which «hair act. seemed tu in,
pore, afford satisfactory evidence «bat no
compromis, which the Unitad A.ate. ough,
to aoeept, can he affected. Wrth this cun
viction, the proposition of compromise
which had been made and rejected was. by
my direction, .ulwequemly withdrswn, and
eur tide to .be whet. Oregon tern,ary
serted, and, a. i. believed, maintained by
irrefragable feet« end argumenis. /
The eirilited worldwlil »«• in therepre
ceedmgs a spirit ef liberal concession on
ihe pari ©rthe United States; and this go- lo
veromen, will be relieved from ell reepm
sibiltty which may follow th# feiture to
All auempi* at compromise having fail
ed ii becomcMhe dutvTff Ceagress to coo
2% ÏS a^Turesfiroey STf^Zt
^WrM^^jurro 'for th! t!urp!re, care
.hnafiMin taken that noth ne be dune to
* lt >U,e the stipulation of the (Invention or
1827, wliwh is still w fore«. The faith of
jetties, in tbeir teuer aod tpinl, hat ever
twen, and I trust will ev*r be, scrupulously
ohrerved by the United States. Under the
i, required to
be give« by either party to tbe other, be- H
fore tbe jo.«, occupancy «hall terminate,
«o<i before cither can rtghtfolty asrert or ie
<-xere«e e»elu..»« ju«edkiioh over Boy
portion ot the rer.liory.' Th* «mice it
Luld.m mv ludpnent. be prop« to give;'
sud l recmmealrtmt prckkin bcm.de
bv law tor giving fit accordingly, and ter
SnatT., la thwlanner ,he Cuvent en of
In
M
the eixth or Augu.t, 1627.
It wtR become proper Ibr Congre., lo
determine what legislation they can, in the
mean tune, sdopt, without violating thi.
Convention. Eteyond eil question, the
prelection ofonr law. and our jurisdiction,
civil and criminal oughtto be im.nedwiely
** landed over our âlixea, in Oregon.
They have had just cause to complain of
our long negle« ie thî* particular, and
h-ve, in convene* beoo compelled for
their own «eçurity and proleciion, tn ea
I.Mwh a provisional Government lor them
salve,. Strong the.r allegiance, aod
ardent in their attachment to the United
Slates they have been thus cast upon their
oen rasourcee. They are en«loue that our
lawe .hould be exiencied over them, and I
j recommend that this he done by Congress
with ae little delay u» possible, in the foil
extent to w hich the Briti* P.rliament have
proceeded in regard to Dritixb subrfci. in
that territory, by their an of July ihe 2nd,
1821,"for regu'atiog the fnr trade, aod
e»ubli»hmg e criminal ani civif juri.ific
lion within certain part« of North Aroeri
ca#'' By thi. act Great Britain extended
her Thws apd jurindictiod, civil and crimin
al, over her subjects, engaged in the fur
trada in that 'lerglory. By it, the cour*, j
of the province of Upper Canada were em
pe.wered to ukecegniEsnöe of causes civil
md cnurnaL Justices of the peace, and
other judicial officers, were authorized to
be appointed in Oregon, with power to exe
j cute mi i rn siu.r.g fioin th»- c..u»:s o!
that prey me*, a.id 1 to ' .-it m irt.
of record Aw the trial of criminal uflknce.
and Aiisriemcandl-s," not made the subject
of capital punishment, and also qf civil
cases, whet« the cause of action ahull not
"exceed in value the amount or sum of two
hundred pounds." .
Subsequent to the date of this act of Par
liatneni, a grant was made from the "Brit
twhqrown'* toth« Hudson'« Bay Company,
of the rxdÄive trad« with the Indian tribe*
in the Oregon territory, subject to a rcsor
valion that it shall not operate to the en
elusion "of th* subject, of any foreign
State*, who, undei or by force of any con
tentioo lor the time being, Letween u. and
wch foreign State* reaj actively, may Le
eiiiiilad to, find shall beengsged in, the said
trade "
It is much to be regretted, that while gn
der this act, British subject* have enjoyed
the^protection of British Jaws and British
judicial'I ribunnls thraughoot Ibe wholn «f
Orefton, American citixena, in the same
territory have trjbyed no such protection
from tlicir Government. At the same tim«,
th« reault ilfuatrates the character of our
people aod their institutions. In apt« ol
thia naglectthey have multiplied, and their
number is rapidly increasing in that terri
lory. Theyhavsnisda nooppealmarms^'ras
but have peacefully fortified themselves in
t.lieir new homes, by theadcptii n of Repub
liean institutions for themselves, furnish
ing another example of the truth that sdll
goveroment is inherent in tjie American
breast, and must prev ail. It is due to them
Jfist they should be embraced and protected
our taws.
It i. deemed important that our laws
regulating trade and intercourse with the
Indian tribe# east of^ije Rocky moun'ain*,
shou'd be extended to such tribes as dwell
bayond thcaa.
The increasing emigration to Oregon,
nnd the cere and •pn'tection which i# due
irom the goverameot to its citizens in that
distant région, make it our duty, a* it is
our intcresi, to cultivate amicable relation*
with the Indian tribes of that territory.
For this purpose, I rccommcnJ thnt pxo
vision be made for estai» ishing an Irtdi vn
agvney, and such sub agencies a. may be
deemed necessary, beyond the Rocky
toouniutns.
F»r the protection of emigrant* wlnlrt
on their way to Oregon, against the atucta
of the Indian tribe, occupying the. country
through w inch they p«*s, I reeomtend
that a suitable number of atockade. nud
block house fort, be erected a.ong*ho nsp
*! reute between our frontier seltkmeat*
on »he Missouri and the Rocky mouuiam.;
and that an adequate force of mounted
th-m-n bo ra sed... guard and protect them
ob th«r journey. The
'ion of these recommendation# by Uongnss
will so, vtol.t. tiro provision, of the exist
mg treaty. It will t* doing nothing more
foe Anreric.n greens then Bntwh ews
have long race done -or British re.l r cls m
tbe aarne territory.
it require# sereral month* to per »rm
the vox age by sea from the Atlantic State*
lo Oregon ; and slth-ugh we have a large au
number of whale ship# m the g 6 ,-;f.c, but
ker ot them affi rJ an oppnrtRiity ot m.
t-rchan.in* intelligence, without great de
lav, befwccn Our settlements ih tha. die
taut region end Use Unit* Slate*. An e
verl.n-J «ml k bel, .red to be '»„-.-.y
It*, submitted to the wisdom o' Cun j for
ere*« to determine whether, at tlreif prew
L emiro, and until after the expiration
of th« year * notion, any other measures
maybe adopted, coneistc.tly with the
convention of 1827, for tb« recvrUV ol
our ngjv'.s, end tho government xwd pro- „
.return of oor C *-«s of Çrogow f hdi
H will ultimately be wise «ni proper to
make liberal gran:* of and Uv ihn pa.r.ot
ie pioneers, who, amulst pitv.'ion. *«d
danger*, lead the way thresh nnfi in
trihc A inhabiting the Vast wifd9re.ro. in-er
«reu.og between our fronU.aveetKments
md Oroyno, and who cuh.vate a.W are
ever reedy tq, defr«*d th^e-l, 1 am ft# y
roti.fi.d- To doubt -hÆtlroy wi^ j.
of
of
ied
•o
n
immediate adi-p
In
(lain r*h gran', a. .oon a, .he eon vent .on
between Ihe Uoiud Suie, end Great Bril
.an shell have ceased to cx.«t, w .old be
to doubt the justice of Congre»*; bot, pen
ding the ye.V*. notice,,, i* worthy ot £n
sideratioo whether a stipulation to this ef
f.ct maybe made, consistently with the
.pint -f that convention,
Tie recommendation, which I have
made, u, ,o the best manner of .ecunog
our right, in Oregon, .re ^b.m.«d to
Congres, wilh great difference. Should
i hey, in their wisdom, devise any other
mode Utter calculated to accempUsh ihe
veme object, it sliaM meet wilhaiyhear
ty concurrence.
At the end of the year', notice, should
iCongres. think it proper to make provia- '
'on for giving that notice^ we shall have
reached a period whee the natiooel rights
*« Oregon must tiiher be ehendoocU or
firmly wiamtained. That they cannai im *
abandoned v i bout a Mcrîfiee «f both na
tinnel honor and interest, is too clear to
adrot of dcubt.
Oregon i. a part of tfce North American
ctntiner,t,towhehitisconlidentlyaflGrm
cd^the title of the United State, m the
best oervo exi.tenct. For the ground,
j on which that title rests, 1 refer you to *
the correspondence of the late and present
Secretaryof8tat*w'tHlheBnbeh|»lenipo
tentiary during the negotintioS?; TheBm
'*1» proposition of compromise, which
wou'd make the Columbia the line south of
», with n Intliug addition
of dwaehrd terr t >ry fn the failed Stnlee,
northofth.it river, and wouldjsave on
the British sid* two-thirds of the whole Or
agon territory, including the free naviga
Ron of the Columbia and ull th« va'.utble
hnjbjrn . n the Pacifie, can ntver, fern
moment, be entertained by the United
States, without an abandonment of their
just and clear terri orisl rights, their own
sell respect, and the national honor-. For
the information of Congres*, I commuai- t
ra'.e herewith the correspondence which
'ook place between the two govarntnei.u
during ilie late negotiation,
The rapid extension of our settlement*
over our territories heretofore unoccupied ;
'b* «dJition of new States to our confedei -
«sy ; th« expansion of fre«q>rineiple*, and
eur rising greatness a. a uHiun, are attr c
ting the attention uf the I'owrra ol Kurupe,
And h t ly the doct.i.i« bn* been broached in !
'<>ma.of them, et a "balance ot power'
.«n this continent, lo check our advancr
ment. 'Ihe United States, sincerely de
sirous of preserving relations of good imf
deratatuling with all nations, canaotiqs'
>nc« permit any Europetn loterferjica im
the Nur h American continent ; and *bomj
»ny auch mterlvrenco be attempt#«, wilt
be ready to resist U at any anjl at. hast
non.
au Powert »ha, I m e fere to prevent such
«union, beosuse it might d t si«rti (he ••<»'.
»oc* uf power which they m»y d»jtre
maintain u.oi this ont, vat. Sen*
quarter »f« c6oM » ag". »ha prfncpl«
was divtintlly «nnouneed tu lh--hw .rid in
annual wuwt one of ui^p^d,,.
for |mure rovlcmsetidr b^ any Effr^
Power." This peiaiciplÇfw t sppîv' with
greatly increased >-■;#, el «0 law, fr.ro>
,wan p .wer «'temuigpi r-,q»hl ,h nay |
colony fit N*rh *m- flea, màhe extyiroj
c.rru.yNTOar. « P*-ro
„ -i-eoaWI a Trevp-r .he.*o.l re mvnm
and re,..firm 'b*v — « 8 & «
MrortTO. wrel lo ,-s:e mv c rhxlcmrur
rewee to "« w.e.fo..- «a#
The r- aseer,..« ol «lim pr.«^. eypeeUllv
in roter oco t » t. Anwrg-a. ie at rhm
v btrt .he premu^v «„ « epofieywhjeh
Imrof-»a p n-er should cj.er'ri» tiw d .
po.^n lo rI.Xu* ag r,.h* ofe, ery
|-fo]5Ap»»n neti-.n *hou d be respected; but
j. *** alka t^.ur rofoy and our inter
It is well known lo the Américain peo
ple nnd to all nniionvshat this government
has never interfered wilh llic relations sub
sisting between other gorernmen»*.
have never, made ourselves part»«» toeheir
«ar« or their allia ncr* ; we have aot
sought Iber territories by. conquest ; a
have not m n ;led wilh partie* in their tfu
mestic struggles; and bsftering our owp
form of ghvernnicni to . bo the best, w-e
bare never af'empleJ rtf 'propagate it by
intrigur-s, by diplomacy, or by force.
We may claim on this enofioent a like ex
emption from European in'eriereuces.
The nation* of America are r<|ual|y sove
reign and independent with those of Eu
rojte. They poarcss the same rights. Ire
dependent of all foreign interposition, to •
make war, to conclude peace, and lo €*JS'
ulate tb*ir inturu«! affair*, l'ha people
of the Uoitol States cannot, Ö»»rejiort'i , f »
view with indiforence attempt# of Europe
an powers to interfere with the independ
ent action of tbe nations on this confinent.
The American systom of governui-nt is
«ntirely. different from that of E-trojjp.
JralouXy among the diffèrent sovereign»
of Europe, lest any ono of them, #M,;ht
become too powerful for the rort*/ ha«
caused them anxiously to desire tbe c*i«b
liahment of what tbsy t .-rmlbe "balsiMgi
of piwcrs." It c»nn»*: bo pArirviffrt to '
hare any apuficatinn öa tbe Äorjh A more
:c»n coa'ineifl, and especially lo- Uto Uot
ied ät, t ■#. We mud ever maiBtuiq the
principle, that tho people of, this continent
aljo# havq lb» fight to dec 4* thqir o*n t
dcalny- 8hou'd any iwrtjp« » ft bn», 'j
constituting mi ind> p n - ot sta e, proposo
•o unit« themseLus w th dûpu 0 osrfkd«ro or,
hi* will bo a question for tbeui and us I«
doioruiinc, without auy toreign-mtarposi
We can n-'ver Consent that K-iraito
Wu
to
«I«
, •
- %
■a I policy.
•o

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