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Page Twelve MUSSOLINI, Hl,' ’ SECRETLY QUITS PREMIER JOB Turns Over Reins As Evidence Piles Up (Special to The Daily Worker) ROME, March 4.—Concurrent with the disclosure of further evidence of the complicity of Mussolini, fascist premier, in the assassination of the deputy Matteotti. it is known, though severely censored and not mentioned officially that Mussolini is seriously and chronically ill and has handed over the premiership to Luigi Feder toni. Unpleasant For Capitalist Press The news will be broken carefully, and the explanation made that Feder *onl will only temporarly assume pre miership. This, because the collapse of fascism is expected with Musso solini’s retirement. This is very un pleasant news for the capitalist press, both here and abroad. Federzoni is one of the figures of the nationalist party, now combined with the fascist party, and he is min ister of the-interior tinder Mussolini. The Rossi Letter The new disclosures of Mussolini’s connection with the Matteofti murder and other fascist crimes is given in a letter of Cesare Rossi, whom Musso lini allowed to be made the goat -when hard pressed by the-critics of,Ms ter rorist policy. Ross); is now 'in jail, charged with the kidnapping and murder of Matteotti, and his letter shows that he appealed to Mussolini as to an accomplice who occupied a place of power, to secure hjs release. The letter, in part, says: “From a number of facts I gather the impression that you have elected me the scapegoat for the misfortune which has befallen fascism —a scape goat not only from a political but moi*al and penal viewpoint." Your in difference, your silence, after Sig. De Bonp, chief of police, set a trap for me. fills me with indignation,. JX dur ing the next few days you fail to furnish me with proof of your friend ship, pot so much for my person but for my past record in my position as your collaborator and executor of your frequently illegal orders, I shall put into effect what I told you this morn ing. “I refer to the attack and clubbing of Deputy Misuri, {o the attack on Sig. Amendola, to the trip to Paris of Du mini on money furnished by Under Secretary Finzi, to the recent demons trations against the opposition, to the attack on Cesare Forhi, to the attack on former Premier Nitti, which de generated into the looting of Sig. Xitti’s house. ’ *1,1? - a %:£• “I deem it superfluous to warn you that if the revolting cynicism you dis played recently, complicated by fears which seized you just at a time you should dominate the situation which you created, should counsel you to Drder fresh physical suppression dur ing the time I will be in jail in yase Four Years of Progress of the I Communist International | GET ALL THREE report of ; For “The Fifth Congress of the SI,OO Communist International^ ' This special price has been made for a , I ' 1 | copy of each of the reports of Abridged report of all the important decisions by the ! ; 2nd World Congress leading body of the world ! Communist movement at ; ; 4th Communist International n CCt 8 j | HELD JUNE 17 TO JULY 8, 1924 ! The Second World Congress report con- * * J ; tains the famous “21 points’’ on the conditions AT MOSCOW. ! of admission to the Communist International. * - \ | With the Third and Fourth Congress re- J \ ports you have a guide book to all the im- ; portant steps and decisions of the C. I. (with 70 Cents Each, Postpaid, the exception of the First Congress report, ! now out of stock). j Price, SI.OO for all three. ORDER FROM ‘ ! ! ...... . . . . .. “The Source of all Communist literature t Add 10 cents for postage with cash remittance. ' ' This offer good only with cash or C. O. D. In this country”— [ THE DAILY WORKER 1113 W. Washington Blvd. Chicago, Illinois School Teachers Children Are Buncoed in New Board Move The board of education went into session for the purpose of deciding on greater economy in handling school funds. After “sweating" a whole day trying to find away to squeeze more out of each dollar byway of greater “efficiency," it evolved with the fol lowing recommendations: Greater use of the present equip ment at its command. It will increase each elementary school classroom by three. This brings the size of the classrooms up to a,n average of 48 per class. Discounting the classes for the sub-normal which contain about 15 to ,20 to each class, we can see that the classrooms are much larger than 48 in number already. Each one of these classes is to be increased by three since the present rating is at an aver age of 45 per classroom. The size for any one teacher to handle properly should not exceed 25. The recom mendation also calls for increasing the classrooms in high schools from 35 to 40. In true sweat shop fashion the board follows up its proposal with a promise of more wages to the teachers for the extra work. Julius F. Smietanka, chairman of the finance committee, gives the whole story away in a statement he makes to the press. He says: “It will be the policy of the board to try to avoid the periodic clamors of the teachers for just treatment.” Translated into board of education tactics, it means that the board will continue to follow its policy of avoid ing any clash with the big property holders who are dodging their taxes and thus limiting school funds. Change in Saltzman Tour in District 6 Comrade Max Salzman’s tour has brought many good results. Two miners’ conferences are to be held and their work outlined for the de velopment of the national coal mining campaign of the young Workers" League* One conference will be held in Pittsburgh and the other in Ohio some time in April. “The one in Pitts burgh will be held on March 7. Much enthusiasm has been created since Comrade Salzman has entered this territory. His work lias met the ex pectations of all the comrades. Many letters commending his work has been received by the national office. The following are the dates in Ohio: BELLAIRE, Ohio, March 9.10-11. — DILLES BOTTOM, Ohio, Mar. 6 of my arrest, you will equally be a doomed man and you Will be destroy ed. and with you will fall the regime, because I have already placed my long, detailed statements in the hands of friends. “It is for the sake of the tremen dous interests of Italy that We two should remain friends. It is up to you to arrange it. You remain in the government while I, by fleeing al ready have sacrificed myself for your safety. <■ . * (Signed) “Cesare Rossi." TKe New International By MAX BEDACHT. MARCH has ever been a dangerous month in the annals of rulers and ruling classes. The greatest revo lutionary events of the past century took plaoe in the month of March. In the year 1848, the beginning of the month of March was greeted by the victorious proletariat of Paris which had just called a halt to the career of Louis Philippe. In Berlin and Vi enna, during March 1848 was heard thru the noise of revolts for national unity the first rumblings of a new revolutionary power, the working class. Paris Commune Alarms Rulers. IN March 1871 the victory of the Paris Commune thundered Its les sons into the ears of the workers of the world and alarmed international capitalism to the dangers threatening from a revolutionary proletariat. It was the month of March again when In our present century, in the the destructive roar of the cannons of the world war in 1917 the first flashes of the Russian revolution surprised the world and prepared it for the momentous event of the vic tory of the Russian proletariat in No vember of that year. . Third International Formed. AND it was in the month of March 1919 when delegates from revolu tionary proletarian groups of many countries met in Moscow to form th< Third (Commuhist) International March 1919 is the date of birth of the grave digger of international capital ism. Only gradually did our capitalist so ciety drive home to its victims, to the suffering and exploited masses, that their problem was an international one: that thfeir foe was an interna tional institution, and that only an in ternational struggle and international solidarity of all the exploited could bring relief aftd victory. Urge for International Solidarity. UPON this knowledge there were built attempts of internationi organizations df "the proletariat, which I crystallized in. September 1864 in London, into the., firsj. International Workingmen’s Association. The First International gave a body to the spec tre of Communism that was haunting Europe. It supplied the nucleus around which the revolutionary strut gle of the -international proletariat could be grouped, and by means of which the international proletariat groups engaged, jn conflict. First International Dies. THE! First International died. It died mostly because of the immaturity of the proletarian- movement itself. It 1 is significant the immediate cause of the death of the First Inter national was. a concept that grew on } Russiah soil. , The economic back wardness of Russia, the domination in Russia of the petty individualistic psychology oMfre peasantry originat ed and supported the concepts that supplied the sajcuninist wing of the First International with its strength. THE DAILY WORKER *♦ Russia Becomes Leader. BUT the same Russia that virtually supplied in Bakunin the undertak er of the First supplied in Lenin the father of the Third International. The economic backwardness of Russia postponed the bourgeois revolution In that country to a time when the pro letarian forces of a new, a Commun ist tomorrow had grown so strong that they could relieve capitalism ol its function and could put the task of development of the economic forces oi the land into the hands of a ruling proletarian class. Thus its economic backwardness became the Immediate cause of Russia’s political advance. Thus the step child of revolutionary advance became the leader of revolu tion. Second International Dies Ignobly. THE First International was follow ed by the Second. Born in 1889 in Paris, that body died an ignoble death in 1914. While the First Inter national was mainly one of propa ganda and education, the Second In ternational specialized in organiza tion. Its size was its pride. All signß of disagreements and principle differ ences were covered up with a cloak of organizational unity and thus be came the' causes of internal (jisinte gration. A colossus it sto6d, waiting for the storm destined to blow it down. Its source of. strength, carefu! avoidance of decisive settlement of in ternal differences, had become its source of greatest weakness. Avoid ing a clear outline of revolutionary strategy and tactics it was bound not t(J apply any revolutionary tactics in the time of crisis.* Unwilling to set tle the question as to what to do, and how to fight war it was destined to do nothing at all—when war really came—and worse than that —to, do everything in favor of the war. Socialists Fought for Capitalists. FOR August 1914 a world congress of the Second International was to convene in Vienna. In the face of the situation created by" events in [ Sarajevo this congress was sure to use much of its time discussing the question of war. In 190? at its regu, lar congress in Stuttgart and in 1912 at its special anti-war congress in Basel generalizing ‘ resolutions were adopted against war. “Imperialist war must be answered by proletarian revo lution.” THE congress hall in Vienna in Aug. 1914 was sure to resound in pro testations against imperialist war and in pledges to fight against it. But events moved fast. The delegates from the different countries did not meet in a congress hall to talk against war, but on baftlefftfelds fighting for and in the war. The parties of the Second Interna tional suddenly differentiated between [ imperialist war and this war, and thf “great,” the “magnificent” Second In ternational broke into pieces and di vided into its national subdivisions each one supporting its native bour geoisie in the war. . Socialists Forget Revolution. THE exceptions to this rule- were very few and far between. For sixty-six years the proletarian j revolutionists had taughtt "The work- I ers have no fatherland. They cannot j be robbed of what - they do not pos sess.” Yet in 1914 “socialists” sup i ported the fraud of ‘fcwar for defense.” Marxism had become a synonym for 1 the thought that - the -first attempt oi | capitalism to lead society back into barbarism thru a period of gigantic imperialist wars would be the signal I for the proletariat revolt against cap | italism. Now the first great imperial | ist war had come and the ‘‘socialists’’ answered It, not with the slogan of revolution but with the slogan ol “Burgfrieden,” civil peace. Lenin Breasts the Current. FOR decades friend and foe looked upon the International as an in strument of the proletariat In the in ternational class struggle. . Now, when this struggle had reached Its climax the foremost theoretician of | this Second International excused the collapse of this instrument with i the theßls, that the Second Interna | tional is first and foremost an instru ment of peace and therefore failed in i the crisis of war. BUT in the midst of the chaos of the the treacherous Second Interna ! tional the banner of a revolutionary | International was raised again “The ; Second International is dead, vanquish led by opportunism... The Third Inter- I national is given the task to organize the forces of the proletariat for the attack against the capitalist govern ments, for civil war against the bour geoisie of all countries for political power, for the victory of socialism.” Thus wrote Lenin' on November 1, 1 1914. He, with his staff of old guard I Bolsheviks undertook to swim against I the current of social patriotism and social pacifism alike. Around him and his group there gathered the indlvidu j als and groups of upright revolution ists, for whom Marxism was more than phrases and for whom revolution was u living and immediate problem-* The Zlmoierwald Left. IN September Jtp.ls there assembled in ZlmmerwaM: a 'little town in Switzerland, aofht) proletarian revolu tionists from mft# countries. To or ganlze the revolutionary forces wn the task. The PiJf Bring was also pt tronized by and social pa I clflst groups. These groups were stronger at Zimmerwald than the revo lutionary left. The right did not want a new International. Its interna tionalism was not one of struggle against capitalism, but one of weak ness, of pacifism and of petty boui geols character. The Third International was no born at Zimmerwald. But the Zimmer wald left was the nucleu& of the new International of proletarian struggle, and well could Zinoviev, today thd president of the Third (Communist) International, write after the Zim merwald conference: "The Second In ternational is dead, Infected by oppor tunism; Long live the Third Interna tional, freed of opportunism.” Socialists Betray Workers. IN May 1916 a new conference was held In Kienthal. Again the left revolutionary wing was outvoted and in place of plans for action the inter national proletarian movement was once more given only manifestoes. The right wing at Zimmerwah} and Kienthal had by no means lost its as Unity to the dead Second Internation al. Many ties still connected it with the social traitors; first of all its fear of revolution, its contempt and hatred for the, proletariat. Menshevism Fails. TEN months after Kienthal the be ginning of the Russian revolution acted as- a cleansing storm. In the fire of history itself menshevism was tested. It failed the test miserably. The Russian section of international menshevism and of the Zimmerwald right betrayed the revolution and made Itself the bannerbearer of bour geois power in Russia. In any other country that act of treachery might have been successful because with the established, leader ship of the proletariat turning against the workers the latter are practically at the mercy of the enemy tip'a new leadership develops and wfhstthe con fidence of the foiling massemvf 1 Lenin Took Leadenftfip. BUT in Russia the treachery of men shevism failed in fts purpose Lenin with his clear revolutionary in sight had long learned t0 ( ,4&0w the anti-proletarian menshe vism. He was never .Reived by phrases. Behind phrase he looked for the substance. 'And so he had fought Russian menshevism in. years past. He had prmiaced the Rus sian proletariat for an em ergency as the betrayal by the men sheviks after the March .revolution. Lenin had built a revolutionary party the BOlsheviks; he had led the Rus sian Workers thru his party in the past. He had won their loyal confi dence; And when the revolution seem ed to be at the mercy qf treacherous menshevism Lenin and hSe. Bolshevist party stepped in, took over the leader ’ / . " . • MX-J . '.I, 1 ' . • ! THE PEOPLE’S MARX—by Julian Borchardt t An abridged popular edition of Marx’s three Volumes of “Capital”. “ The People’s Marx" and ! mp ? rtant extractions presented in a \ sequence that will assist the beginner In the study of Marxism. t (Paper) .76 / copies. , THE WORLD TRADE UNION MOVEMENT—by A. Losovaky „ ' A hlatory of the treason of the social-democrat* and labor bureau- < The W ° rld Trade Union ; Uo a n and °th e ; after I t, ' e war * , th ® straggle against class collabora. Movement” the rise of the revolutionary labor, movement culminating in the 1 establishment of the Red Trade Union International (Paper) .50 1 copies. ’ ORIGIN OF THE FAMILY, PRIVATE PROPERTY AND THE STATE— ' by Frederick Engels “Origin of the Family” J „. A scholary Investigation Into the origins of the basic social institutions. ' The real function of the state, the manner In Which the Idea or property i PcciUlar development of marriage corresponding to COp,eS ’ primitive economic systems, and women a place In society, are questions of great social import that Engels studies in masterly, simple manner. ' " (Cloth) .60 \ • i* 9 - I* i ' »IF •*' -:>0 I I THE ANCIENT LOWLY (Two Volumes)—by C. Osborns Ward “Ancient Lowly” ! th , e history of the working class from earliest known I times to the reign of Constantine. (Accounts of ancient trade-unionism; . 1 SEZSZJPJiIP.f*™ r vo L ta; i h# w ° rher » or antiquity and thc-lr close ' churshj are some of the phases of this corn dawn of civlflzatlon con<mlon!, nnd achievements of the proletariat In tho ! j.* .Vo»s. Price, each (Cloth) . »2.60 j ... uvc-,.1 , I enclose I - , Ji f * , i. -so Send Books to: [ •; j iIV'WOV " - r «, , j '- . ' ' ! These classics of working class literature will make valuable additions to your library, as will many others In the new catalogue which we will gladly send you without i charge. > '<*>■'• >■■■:■ . street - ! •I* • THE DAILY WORKER LITERATURE DEPARTMENT . 1113 W. Washington Blvd. v * - Chicago, 111. state ; LJ _ t , - ~ ' , _ n a !'*'*. | ship of the revolutionary workers o' HajsifJrinitet&ated the Russian, bow geoisie and their lackeys the menshe viks and secured final victory for tin revolution. Russia Becomes Workers’ Center. WITH this momentous event thf ’ center of gravity of the revolu tionary proletarian movement of the world was moved to Russia. There the resolutions of Stuttgart and Basel were put into action. Imperialist wai was answered —and ended —by prole tarian revolution. Here international capitalism met its first decisive de feat. The principles of the new inter national were baptized in the fire oi revolution. • The tide of the Burg frieden was stemmed and the flood of a, proletarian offensive against capi talism was inaugurated. Call for New International. i • IT was natural that on the achieve ments of the Bolshevik Patty of Russia, the new, the Third Interna tional should be built. After the first hard months of strug gle had been weathered by the Com munist Party of Russia the call was issued for an international congress for the formation of a new revolution ary proletarian international. The victory of the Russian proletar iat was the signal for the end of the imperialist war. International cap talism found that a new and formid able foe had risen and that its own quarrel would aid in strengthening this enemy.’ The revolutionary battles of the Russian proletariat proved that the imperialist war was the great convulsion of mortally sick capitalism and that a concerted revolutionary ad. vance of the proletariat at that mo ment was the only hope for the ex ploitod. i Capitalism Shaken. rfE Russian example created a wave of revolutionary enthusiasm among the Workers the world over. Capitalism was shaken to its very foundations. It ended the war in or der to concentrate on an international battle against revolution and against the leader of revolution, Soviet Rus sia. } The great handicap for the workers in the various countries at this mo ment was the lack of leadership There were revolutionary leaders, tc be sure. But their enthusiasm and spirit of self-sacrifice could not make up for the lackrof organization. What was needed was a party that could penetrate the proletarian masses in motion against capitalism, that could supply a clear aim for the struggle, that could give leadership and initia tive. Third International the Guide. IT was the lack of such a party that led to the defeat of the German proletariat ih 1918 and to the defeat of the Italian workers a little later The new international, to be formed at a congress in Moscow, March, 1919 was to supply that need. The master of revolutionary strategy, the grea’ - VISIT THE NEW YORK NEW HEADQUARTERS AT 108 E. 14TH ST. NEW YORK, March 4.—The New York local office has moved Into new headquarters and extends a hearty welcome to every worker In New York to come to the house warming party on Saturday eve ning, March 7, and on Sunday af ternoon and evening, March 8. A real good time is in store for you. The program includes dancing, eats and music and many surprises. Come and faring your friends. leader of the Russian proletariat, Len. in, was to guide the building of this new structure. Workers Achieve Unity. THUS the Third Communist Inter national was formed in March 1919 in Moscow. It gathered up the groups and parties revolutionary ad vance guards of workers in the differ ent countries and welded them into a new revolutionary party. The next great crisis of international capitalism would not find the proletariat leader less. It would meet with a solid pha lanx of revolutionary parties which had established their right of leader ship over the toiling masses in hard and tireless work and struggle for and with the working class. MEANTIME, the new, the Third, Communist International would again raise the great slogan of the first Communist manifesto: “You have nothing to lose but your chains; but you have the world to gain!” Work ers of the world unite! Patronize our advertisers. Will You Celebrate World Women’s Day? NEW YORK, March 4.—The Work ers Party, District No. 2 has ar ranged for a demonstration to cele brate International Women’s Day This day is celebrated by all working class women thruout the world as a day on which they voice their class solidarity as workers. On March 6th FRIDAY come to the mass meeting at Labor Temple, 243 E. 84th Street near 3rd Ave. M. J. Olgin, Rose Pastor Stokes, Juliet Pyontz, Fanny Warshafsky and Anna Thompson of the Young Workers League will speak. There will be a musical program. The admission is only 10 cents. Working women’s organizations have been in vited to participate. Nqt only women but also men workers are invited to come and celebrate International Wo men’s Day which is the holiday of the world proletariat. Join the Workers Party!