pasjiitrgtait ^raftniL
EDITED BY
WM. M. OVERTON, CH. MAURICE SMITH,
AND BEVERLEY TUCKER.
CITY OF WASHINGTON.
APRIL 4~~ 1854.
jtSf Mr. E. K. Lvndt, bookseller, Bridge street,
Georgetown, wil/ act as agent for the Sentinel in
reoeiving subscriptions and advertisements.
^ar*GkOKOK W. Mkaeson Is our authorized
agent to receive subscriptions and advertisements,
a Washington, Georgetown and Alexandria.
Sir Ma. George E. French, Bookseller, King
street, Alexandria, is our authorized agent to re
ceive advancements and subscriptions. Single
numbers can be prooured at his countcr every
morning.
To accommodate our advertisers we have
placed a box at the store ol" Messrs. Patterson Jc
Nairn, corner of 9th street and Pennsylvania ave
nue. Advertisements, or notices of responsible
parsons deposited there before six o'clock, p. m.,
will appear in our issue of the next morning.
JB&- Obituary and marriage notices must be en
dorsed by some person known to the publishers to
nsurc their insertion.
COVGREIS.
In the Senate, yesterday, Mr. Cass gave
notice that on next Monday two weeks he would
ask to be heard on the subject of securing free
dom of religious worship to Americans in for- |
eigu countries. Two resolutions calling for
information were adopted. The joint resolu
tion explanatory of the act regulating the
manner of appointing cadets to West Point
academy was debated, and then postponed for
a fortnight. The rest of the sitting was occu
pied iu considering executive business.
The House of Representatives passed a bill
regulating and increasing the pay of deputy
postmasters, and another bill the effect of which
is to abolish the charge of twenty-five cents for
authentication of public documents at the State
Department Resolutions calling on several of
the executive departments for information were
adopted.
Mr. Campbell asked leave to introduce a
resolution looking to the annexation of Canada j
but the House refused by a vote of 28 against
119 to suspend the rules for the reception of
the proposition.
the gas works.
Our readers will remember that we lately laid
before them some gentle strictures on the Gas
Company of this city. They will also remem
ber that on Sunday we published a reply to
our remarks from an officer of the company,
and promised to continue the subject.
We entertain no personal hostility to .the
Gas Company, or towards any one connected
with it. We do not know any one connected
with it; and, therefore, whilst we are without
fear, we are also without hatred or partiality.
But, if there be any virtue iu wide-extended
and almost unanimous censure, we have made
no mistake in attracting public attention to
the Gas Company of this city, and urging a
new rival company, so as to rid the citizens of
W ashington from the incubus of an insolent ,
monopoly.
In our first article we alluded to the illegal
manner in which the Gas Company became
possessed of the pipes laid by the government.
Since then we have published a communication
from the chief officer of the eotnpanv, which
touches that matter with more of dexterity
than of candor. We fear much that that gen
tleman did not act with frankness and disin
genuousness; for we have been informed that
the present Secretary of the Interior has threat
ened to take the government pipes from the
Gas Company, because of the insolent beha
vor of some of the agents of that offensive mo
nopoly. In our last article we alluded to the
process by which the Gas Company came into
the possession of the government pipes, and
we stated that the process was Uleyal. The
defence of the company, which we have pub
lished, does not touch the question of legality,
for that defence is confined to the points of
economy and expediency. But transfers of pro
perty in this country must have the sanction of
the law?the vendor or the donor must have
the rightto sell or to gice. And the proprietv
of selling or giving has nothing to do with the
question, for it is a question of right. This is
the pinch of the matter, and it is here that the
Gas Company has given way.
But, beyond all these things, we understand
that the Gas Company is most insolent in the
exercise of its authority. That it fills the av
enue with stenches, we know from the evidence
furnished by our own nostrils That the gas
furnished is of a very inferior quality, every one
who walks the avenue can see. That the man
ner in which the company transacts its busi
is insolent and offensive, every one with
whom we have spoken bears witness.
We have been told by a gentleman of high
character, but not connected with the govern
ment, that the (ias Company sent a bill to the
Department of the Interior for about $150 for
about one month's consumption of gas, when
in fact, not more than $10 worth had been
consumed. The collector was told that no
such bill would be paid. "Very well," said
Mr. Collector, "we will cut off your gRs.- jt
was then that the Secretary threatened to look
into the matter regarding those pipes.
The threat brought the monopoly to iu
senses ; but we are sorry that the Secretary did
not execute a virtuous determination, even if it
was felt in a moment of anger and under suita
ble provocation.
Our informant goes on to say that with hun
dreds of individuals, who have not the power of
the Secretary, the insolence of the company is
without bounds; a.d if a bill is presented, no
matter how extravagant it may be, hesitation,
or even a desire to have the matter examined
is met by a threat to torn off the gas. '
We also understand that when a bill i* pre
seated, and the person who is to pay it happens
not to have the exact change, no second call
will be made. So that if a five dollar note is
presented to pay for a gas bill of four dollars,
fven by a lady, she must go through rain and
?now to have the fire dollar note changed, and
the^fs! ^gh mUd and mirc 10 the office of
^ W k ??? ?' Uw ?" * '"??<< OS
"Hi tm how. Ml black W> h>ve'
ther*' "but off in the midst of
the festivities, because the proprietor had uot |
moved fast enough to the office on the canal.
These arc the ordinary evils of monopoly, and
the unavoidable insolences of irresponsibility.
We have published the defence, the weak,
rapid defence which the monopoly has made.
It is our purpose to publish whatever supple
mental defences the monopoly may send to us,
if they be couched in proper and appropriate
terms. It is our purpose to be just, even if
others do injustice and commit wrong. But
we have not finished with the Gas Company
vet. We have undertaken to abate a nuisance,
and we do uot mean to fail in our undertaking.
If we live, we mean to rid the city from the
weight of an offensive monopoly, and its citizens
from the insolent behavior of the servants of
of such a monopoly. We mean to prevent our
citizens from being sickened by the stenches
from leaking {gas-pipes, and our [street-lamps
from the dim red glare of worthless gas.
We have now undertaken to correct a glaring
abuse, to scrutinize a wound that needs cautery;
and we do not mean to stop beiore we have
fulfilled our purpose. But we will do justice,
even if the heavens fall; the Gas Company shall
be heard.
Is a Clergyman a Citizen??One would in
fer from the slang of certain reckless senators,
partisaa editors, and pewter-mug spouters, that
a clergyman has no'right to express an opinion
upon any public measure or political subject.
Tnree thousand educated and intelligent minis
ters of Christianity have no business, we are
told, to sign their names to a petition or re
monstrance to go before the Congress of the
nation. It is only vour rum-hole rowdies that
have a right to be heard on questions 01 vital
interest and importance to the State and to hu
manitv. These patriots of the grog-shop,
these 'frothy demagogues, alone have the right
to discuss the affairs of the nation.
The ri"ht of petition and remonstrance is ab
solute to all classes of citizens?to the clergy as
well as to the laity; and we think the voice of
r>0 000 Ministers of the Gospel against the Ne
braska bill is quite as significant and respecta
ble as the clamor of 50,000 office-holders in
I favor of it.?iV. Y. Mirror. !
Is a clergyman a citizen? No one disputes
that he is 5 and, like all citizens, a clergyman
has the incontestable right to hold and express
political opinions. No senators and no editors
have ever denied them such rights. Clergymen
are citizens just as lawyers are citizens, or far
mers, merchants, carpenters, or blacksmiths;
and they have precisely the same rights that any
and all" other citizens enjoy. But, as clergy
men, thev have 110 busiuess to come before
Congress in connexion with political questions.
They have no business to speak to Congress |
"in the name of Almighty God." They have ,
no business to quit the quiet and consecrated j
sanctuary with their pastoral robes, and appear i
as a holy mob before the national legislature. 1
They have no right^to say, as ministers: " We j
protest against the passage of a particular
measure." They have no right to threaten the j
elected and sworn representatives of the peo- |
pie of this free] country with the vengeance of j
Heaven for passing acts that are necessary and ,
proper for the country. As preachers, they are 1
not known to the Constitution ; as citizens, 1
they are. If they come in the former char- j
acter, they deserve the contempt of Congress; j
if in the latter character, they should receive ,
the same respectfij treatment that is extended I 1
to other citizens. It would be as proper for I '
blacksmiths, or carpenters, or doctors, or law- ,
vers, or any other class, to petition Congress, ,
as such, in reference to the Nebraska bill, as 1
it is for clergymen.
BIRS. MOW ATT.
We extract from the Cleveland Herald, of the
31st March, the following complimentary allu- 1
gionsto Mrs. Mowatt, the distinguished author- ,
ess and actrdss. The Herald says : 1
"Mrs. Mowatt.?Representatives upon the ]
stage claim to ' hold the mirror up to nature ; <
hence that person |who on the stage acts the 1
most like a person not on the stage is the suc
cessful and meritorious delineator of character. '
"There is no art in playing ' life's part' nat- 1
urally; there is great art in playing an assumed ]
character naturally. Affectation is contempti- 1
ble; over-acting is disagreeable. 'I rue genius I
is guilty of neither. Were we to point to an 1
instance in which true nature was ai led out, as '<
nearly as is possible, we should refer to Mrs.
Mowatt as 'Pauline.' Bulwcr,in his novels and 1
plays, 1 piles up' love's agony in mountains :
hence his 1 love scenes'?the most tryiny scencs
on the stage or off the stage?require a refined
delicacy of touch and management, lest they
sicken. Could any one play ' Pauline' more ex
quisitely, more womanly, than Mrs. Mowatt?
It is enough to say that she is a dignified wo
I man of genius, and in all her conceptions of
character has due regard to the climax, pre
ferring not to astonish you on her first entrance,
but to make you feel very sorry at her last
exit. Her acting is a complete specimen of
architecture, quietly laving the foundation with
out parade or display ; but as she rises 011 her
edifice, she wins ami charms, until the laying
of the top-stone exhibits a complete triumph of
her art. We woll remember Madame Wallace
and her music. She won upon her audience
bv degrees, until she held her auditors at the I
close by hooka of steel. So with Mrs. Mowatt; |
her perfect appreciation of effect teaches her I
the art of a growing, progressive enthusiasm?
an enthusiasm which her listeners carry away
with them. We are not blessed (rather cursed)
with a ' critic's eye,' but have given the impres
sions made upon a plain man.
"Mr. McFarland sustained Mrs. M. most ad
mirably, and acted 'Claude'as a gentleman of
good taste and correct perception should do.
? The scenc at the Athenmum this morning
was exciting. The rushing crowd, anxious to
securc places at Mrs. Mowatt s benefit this
evening, rendered an auction sale of seats ne
cessary ; and it was thus announced, together
with the fact that the surplus above regular
| prices would be donated by Mrs. M. to some
charitable object in this city. The generous
crowd then passed a resolution requesting her
to retain the entire proceeds; whereupon she
appeared in person, and said her determination
was fixed to donate the surplus, whjch would
be done.
u The sale then went on, at the same time
too, the rehearsal went on; and amid much en
* thusiasm and good feeling the private boxes
and the floor seats were sold, bringing more
than double ordinary rates.''
We have received from Mr. Horace Waters, 1
No. 333 Broadway, New York, several choice j
pieces of sheet music handsomely arranged and j
printed : " The Pupil's First Wesson "The
Bignore's Polka,'' "The Prodigal Son," a
sacred song, quartette, or chorus, for the use
of the churches, social and family circle. It is
handsomely embellished with a lithograph suit
ed to the subject. We have, too, "Katy's De
fence," an answer to Thomas Baker's Katy-did
?ong, by Henry Gould. Mr. Waters is largely
engaged io the music business, and publishes
many of the prettiest songs and other descrip
tions of melodies of the dajr.
ARCIIITECTI'BB OP TUB CAPITOL.
The following appears in a late New York
paper. Of their correctness each reader must
judge for himself. Our object in making a re
publication will be answered, if we can thereby
call the attention of Congress to the stvle and
character of our public buildings?a subject
which deserves more attention thau it now re
ceives : ^
" I have had a gjiinpse of Greenough's new
group ot statuary. It consists, as you are
aware, of a hunter, who has gruppled with an
Indian and apparently subdued him, and of a
woman and child whom the hunter is supposed
to have rescued from the death-blow of the
savage. 1 o this is added the hunter's dog.
The whole struck me as very superior to Persi
co's group, which stands on the opposite plat
form of the Capitol steps; but criticism must
lie deferred until the workmen engaged in fix
ing the statuary shall have finished their labor.
"Some complaints have been made that
these groups have been placed 011 the upper
most platforms, aud certaiidy Persico's group
would appear to better advantage if placed on
that immediately below. At all events, certain
parts which offend against our American ideas
of decorum, would not be as obtrusive then as
they now are. Some of the senators were last
winter profane enough to wish that the whole
of this group might be converted into lime, and
perhaps no great harm would be done if they
should be gratified in their wish.
" 1 he ( apitol, however, wants something
more than groups of statuary to make it what
it ought to be. The outer dome, as all archi
tects agree, is too large, and its disproportion
is the more striking from its being of a different
color from thebodyof the edifice. When a build
ing presents a flat surface, as in the case of a
common frame house, it is very well to relieve
the monotony of the walls with green window
shutters. But when there is variety in the very
structure of a building, especially when that
variety is given to it by columns, a steeple, or
a dome, there ought to be uniformity, or at
least harmony ot color, to produce unity of
effect.
^ c have this exemplified in our immediate
neighborhood. In our National Observatory,
the body of the building is of one color, and tile
dome of another. A. little above Georgetown
the Jesuits have erected on their grounds a
building which is much smaller than the Na
tional Observatory, but resembling it in form.
Ihey, however, have given one color to the
body of the building and the dome. No one
can compare the two observatories without be
ing convinced of the superior good taste dis
played by the Jesuits. \et, with this example
under our eyes, the dome of the Capitol, which
is taken in at one glance of the eye with the
body of the building, and which, viewed from
a little distance, is the most conspicuous part
ot it, is suffered to retain this striking and un
pleasant contrast of color.
" Making the dome of the same color as the
body of the building, is not, however, the only
improvement wanted. Anything that goes so
high up in the air, requires something like a
pyramidal or conical topping to give it a suita
ble finish. The dome of St."Paul's at London
is crowned with a lantern, and so is the dome
rf.St. Peters at Rome. So are most of the
principal domes of Europeand so ought the
iome of the Capitol to be. if it will bear it.
W hen the workmen were putting up the scaf
folding wherewith to erect Mr. Crutehett's
?reat gas-light, which was to illuminate the
whole ten-miles square, I could not help think
ng that it would be quite as well in them to
et the scaffolding remain, as, though it made
but a poor finish to the building, still it was
setter than none. Speaking of this afterwards
:o the Superintendent of the Public Buildings,
be said he himself had been struck with the
mproved appearance of the dome when the
workmen were taking down the great gas-lamp
md it was at a certain distance above the top
of the ballustrade.
"Yet this is not all. The columns of the
portico on the east front are, as measured by
the eye, apparently no larger than the balcony
columns on the west front; and the base of the
dome comes so near the tiny columns of the
portico, that it appears almost to rest upon
them. On the west front the effect is not so
bad, as there the base of the dome does not
approach so near the line of the columns.
111 know not how this defect can be remedied,
unless it be by covering in the tiny columas
md the steps, and erecting near the foot of the
present steps a suitable number of magnificent
columns corresponding to the size of the build
ing.
"Ihe Palladian style of architecture, in
which the Capitol is built, admits of so much
license, that this could be done without impro
priety. So maguifiecent a building as the
Capitol ought to have magnificent columns
for its portico, if it has any; and covering in
the steps would be concealing a glaring de
formity. J he steps of a building should never
be too conspicuous. Each of them is a minute 1
object, and it seems impossible so to combine ,
them as to produce grandeur in effect; even if
high outside steps were ornamental, they ought
not to be tolerated, for they are a nuisance in
our climate. It is unpleasant to ascend them
when the wind blows, and unpleasant to ascend
them when it rains or snows ; it is unpleasant (
to ascend them when the weather is not, and
unpleasant to ascend them when it is cold.
W hen high flights of steps aro necessarv, they
ought to be placed under cover.
The Greeks, whose architecture we admire,
but in attempting to imitate which we are al
most sure to make some bungle, never had '
i flights of outside-steps to their public
buildings, They, indeed, erected their temples
on high hills, and placed them on torrac.es, but
the ascent to the portico was alwavs by a few
steps. The propylea of the citadel" of Athens,
was not an exception. There was a high flight
of steps there, but it led to a terrace, not to a
portico.
" We are not alone in this kind of bungling.
The king of Bavaria has, within a few years,
erected a splendid palace on an eminence near
the Rhine, modelled after the Parthenon. A
gentleman who has seen it says the approach
to it from certain direptipus is 'made by suph a
multitude of steps, that the effect is utterly
spoiled, the steps being a more conspicuous ob
ject than the building.
? R fault in onr architecture
in, ashington, both public and private; and,
w-hat u more, we are tbreaied with an increase
of the evil. \\ hen the wings of the capitol are
finished, there will be, according to the plan I
have seen, instead of one high flight of outside
steps, no less than three. If they should all
be of the same color as the steps of the present
portico, the effect will be much the same as
would be prodaced by heaping up three great
piles of brown stones against the front of a
white marble building.''
Supreme Court of the'United State*,
Monthv, April .1, 1854.
l*rcseitt.
Hon. Iioo?R B. T,?key, Chief Justice.
James M. Wavnk, Associate Justice.
u John Catron, "
" Peter V. Danif.j., "
u Kamttei. Nej.so.v, u
" B. It. CcRTIB, "
" Joiin A. Campdkli^ V
r JnTV e9(l- of South Carolina,
Charlf '1 i '/8^ 9f Pennsylvania, and
were L ^ Str?de' e8Ch * California,
this ro^rt attornc>'8 and conns el I0/8 of
N<M82 lll0fiiU,8tT ftni">unced to the bar that
ment ilZT be ?C *>r argu
ft, CTl:??
ginning with IvVn C"" ?f ?"= 1*
AJjonmed till to mom>?, at 11 o'clock.
BfctJ- We published on Sunday morning a
portion of the following beautiful poem, and
credited it to Dr. Chalmers. We have since
been iuformed that it Is from the pen ot J. D.
Robinson,esq., of Newburyport, Massachusetts,
and that it first appeared in the Daily Evening
Union, published iu that city, in 1850, from
whiclvjournal we copy a complete version of it:
THE LITTLE BOY THAT DIED.
I am all alone in my chamber now,
And the midnight hour is near;
And the fagot's crack, and the clock s dull tick,
Are the only sounds 1 hear.
And over my soul in it? solitude,
^ Sweet feelings of sadness glide.
For my heart aud my eyes are full w hen 1 think
Of the little boy that died.
I went one night to my father's house?
Went home to the dear ones all?
And softly I opened the garden gate,
And softly the door of the hall.
My mother came out to meet her son?
She kissed mc and then she sighed,
And her head fell on my neck, and she wept
For her little boy that died.
And when 1 gazed on his innocent face,
As still and cold he lay.
And thought what a lovely child he had been,
And how soon he must decay;
"Oh Death, thou lovest the beautiful,"
In the woe of my spirit I cried,
For sparkled the eyes, and the forehead was fair,
Of the little boy that died!
Again I will go to my father's house?
(Jo home to the dear ones all,
And sadly I'll open the garden gate,
And sadly the door of the hall.
I shall meet my mother; but never more
With her darling by her side;
But she'll kiss me and sigh, and weep aga>n
For the little boy that died.
I shall miss him when the llowers come,
In the garden where he played ;
I shall miss him more by the fireside.
When the ilowers have all decayed;
I shall see his toys and his empty chair,
And the horse he used to ride;
And they will speak with a silent speech
Of the little boy that died.
I shall see his little sister again
With her playmates about the door;
And I'll watch the children in their sports,
As I never did before;
And if, in the group, I see a child
That's dimpled and laughing-eyed,
I'll look to see if it may not be
The little boy that died.
We shall all go home to our Father's house?
To our Father's house in the skies,
Where the hope of our souls shall have no blight,
And our love no broken ties.
We shall roam on the banks of the river of peace,
And bathe in its blissful tide,
And one of the joys of our heaven shall be '
The little boy that died.
And therefore, when T am sitting alone,
And the midnight hour is near;
When the fagot's crack and the clock's dull tick
Are the only sounds I hear,
Oh. sweet o'er n:y soul, in its solitude.
Are the feelings of sadness that glide;
Though my heart and my eyes are full when 1 think
Of the little boy that died.
A Duel?Pistols?Wounds.?On Sunday
morning last the good people at , Staten
Island, were astonished by the irruption of a
pair of bloody-minded youths from New York,
attended by their seconds, their doctors, and
an undertaker; all for the laudable purpose of
shooting (the principals) at each other.
The day was cool, the place lonely, almost
as retired at this season as that visited by Burr
and Hamilton : and but few persons beyond
the immediate neighborhood got wind of the
dreadful preparations. Arrived upon the
ground, there was a long dispute as to who
should pace the fatal distance, in consequence
of a difference of something like a foot in
the altitude of the seconds. It was decided
ut last by leaving the pacing to the undertaker,
who gave them all the distance that a pair of
legs that looked like the stilts of an ostrich
would allow. Marks were made, and the prin
cipals stationed, each armed with a single bar
reled shooter, not of the largest size by any
means.
One of the doctors attempted to get in pills
instead of bullets, but the seconds objected, on
the ground that they would certainly be fatal,
while the lead might wound enough tw heal the
honor without destroying the life of the recip
ient. We did not hear the report of the
firing, but we understand only one round was
pot off. Upon the sound of the woid "three,1'
the seconds, pistols, and doctors went off, leav
ing the principals all in a shiver, and the un
dertaker eclipsed in the smoke. One of the
Hotspurs escaped unharmed, theother unarmed
for the time, having received a scratched under
his arm, which, upon due consultation, the
doctors pronounced just enough to make both
the men gentlemen and men of honor. The
parties immediately shook hands, swore eter
nal friendship, sealed the pledge with Otard
pale all around, and then started in triumphal
procession for home; the doctors with crossed j
lancets in front, the seconds each with an j
empty pistol on either side, and the undertaker
with a reversed spade bringing up the rear.
The immediate cause ot this " deed of high
emprise" was of course a woman, said to be
young, beautiful, romantic, rich, of patrician
blood, and?but that is enough for twenty
duels, and we forbear.* It is hnrdly worth
while to give the names of the parties; they
are no doubt quite sorry by this time, and will j
do so no -more. It is said that the fair cause !
of this rash proceeding does not care a fig for j
either of the boys, but laughed heartily at the
joke when the story came to her knowledge.
[N. Y Tribune.
The Victim of Duns.?Poor Haydon. the
artist, struggled for fortv-two years against
duns and debt, and finally committed suicide
in his own painting-room on the 22d of June,
184G. He was devoted to his darling profes
sion, and loved and followed it with a passion
ate fondnesri which art sometimes ingrafts in
"the innermost" of her children. He struggled
on bravely in his "mission," as he loved to call
it, loaded with debts and crushed down with
the importunities of creditors. And yet he was
not an extravagant man. His wants were
simple and few; but he had the unfortunate
habit of anticipating his earnings. Between
the years 1810 and 1830 he received from the
sale of his works the sum of nearly $l?0,000 ;
and yet in the latter year he was a bankrupt.
In the next succeeding six years he was in the
receipt of nearly $25,000: aud found himself
again, at the end of that time, a poor man and
in debt. When he died, he owed some $1,500
more : and it was undoubtedly the importunity
of his ttrcditors that drove him into despair and
suicide.
Such an example would seem to teach us
that neither genius nor the prospept of the ac
complishment of some great end, some noble
purpose in life, will justify a man in living be
yond his income. Haydon habitually paid off
his debts whenever he had finished a great
work, and so the consummation of some elabo
rate schcme which had occupied years of his
artist-life brought to him no "jubilate he was
no better off than before; and again and again j
he had to recommence that preat, striwrrle of j
his against "impecumosity" aod "the pWftsure |
of contracted meana." Finally, even his ener- I
?retic spirit yielded, and he died, as many have
done before him, the victim of duns.
[Albany Express.
C7" Philip Hcybolp, of Delaware, the largest
pencil grower in the world, died at his residence,
iu that State, a few days ago. He commenced
poor, but left at his death, over S!*X>,000, mostly
obtained by the prosecution ot agricultural pur
suits.
ID* Wilham M. Hurwell, lately editor of the
Baltimore American, has been engaged to take the
editorial charge ol the Baltimore Patriot. lie will
enter upon the duties of hia vocation about the
10th of April.
? o it g r t s s i o it a I.
THIRTY-THIRD CONGRESS.
FIRST SESSION.
In Seuate?Monday, April 3, 1S54.
The CHAIR laid before the Senate u report of
the Secretary of the Interior, in answer to a resolu
tion of the Senate, calling for information in rela
tion to the claim of David Carter.
The CHAIR presented the memorials of the
? legislative council of New Mexico, requesting
| additional mail facilities, praying the continuation
j of the titles to land under grauts from Mexico,
and asking au appropriation for the preservation
of the archives of that Territory; all of which
were appropriately referred.
. Messrs. EVERETT and SUMNER presented
memorials remonstrating against the repeal of the
Missouri compromise.
GOLD COIN.
Mr. CjWIN presented a memorial, numerously
signed by merchants and other* of San Francisco,
asking that the branch mint in that city be author
ized to issue (told coins of the value ot $f>0 each :
referred to the Committee ou Finance.
RESOLUTIONS ADOPTER.
On motion by Mr. MORTON?
Huolrtd, That the Secretary of tlie Navy be requested to
inform the Semite what amount lias been paid to the con
true-tor*, (Gilbert and Becor,) aud what amount 1m yet due
the sal'l contractors ou account of the floating balancs
dock, bnsin. and railways at the navy yurd, I'ensacolo,
and whether paid dock, basin, and railways have been
i completed according to contract, and accepted by tho
' United States: what is the present condition of walddock,
twain, and railways; whether any of the stipulation* of
the contract liuvc been dispensed with, and. if so, what
were the stipulations so dispensed with, and the reasons
therefor: and that he be requested to communicate to
the Senate copies of all report* of the commisMouers that
have been appointed to examine the said dock, basin, and
railways, and also a ropy of the contract entered into by
the Navy Department with the said Gilbert and Becor for
the construction of the said dock, basin, aud railways.
On motion by Mr. PETTIT?
Resolved, That the President be requested to Inform the
Senate, at s* early a day us convenient, whether the pro
visions and stipulations ou the part of the United States,
in a treaty made with the l'ottawatomie Indians, on the
26th day of October, 1832, in Indiana, aud particularly tho
Oth article of said treaty, aud tho promises and stipulations
which Colonel A. C. Pepper, their removing agent, was au
thorized to and did make to said tribe of Indians, by vir
tue of instruments, dated April 28 18:SS, signed by the
Commissary General of Subsistence, and now on file in the
office of the Commissioner of ludiuu Affairs, have been
performed and fully complied with; and if fully performed
aud complied with, to transmit to the Senate copies of all
the vouchers showing such fulfillment and coinpliauce; and
if not fully performed, to inform the Senate in what such
failure consist*, and what amount of money will fully com
pensate said tribe of Indians for such failure, or non-per
formance on the part of tho United States; and that he
likewise communicate a copy of said instructions to the
Senate.
VIRGINIA CLAIMS.
Mr. MACON, in pursuance of notice, intro
duced a bill to amend the act entitled "An act to
provide for liquidating and paying certain claims
ol the State of Virginia," which was read twice
and referred to the Committee on Revolutionary
Claims.
MARYLAND CLAIMS.
Mr. PEARCE, from the Committee on Finance,
reported a bill providing for a re-examination of
the accounts between the United States and the
State of Maryland.
BILL PASSED.
Mr. RUSK reported a bill for the reliefof James
M. Goggin ; and the same was considered and
passed.
RELIGIOUS TOLERATION.
Mr. Cass presented another memorial praying
such action by Congress as will secure to Ameri
can citizens in foreign countries freedom of re
ligious worship. In presenting this memorial, he
said that, when presenting .similar petitions some
time ago, lie had given notice that he would move I
that the report of the Committie of Foreign Re
lations upon this matter, made at the last session,
be taken from the files, and referred to the Com
mittee on Foreign Relations. He now made that
motion. He did not wish, however, the consider
ation of the motion now, but, if it did not interfere
with other business, he would this day three weeks
ask to be heard in relation to the matter.
CADETS TO WEST POINT.
On motion of Mr. Shields, the Senate proceeded
to the consideration of the joint resolution explan
atory of the law regulating the appointment of I
cadets to the military academy at West Point.
Messrs. Stuart, Adnms, and Rusk opposed the
resolution,and Mr. Shields supported it; and then,
on motion by Mr. Badger, it was postponed for a
fortnight.
And then, on motion by Mr. "Mason, the Senate
proceeded to the consideration of executive busi
ncss; alter which
The Senate adjourned.
House of Representatives.
Mr. OLDS asked leave to report, from the Com
mittee on the Post Office and Post Roads, a bill
regulating the pay of deputy postmasters.
Mr. JONES, of Tennessee, asked the gentleman
what he proposed to do with the bill.
Mr. OLDS replied he wished to make a state
ment showing the eflWct of it, and to ask that it be
put on its passage.
Mr. JONES thought it would be better to post
pone the introduction of the bill until a quorum
should be present; and interposed an objection
accordingly.
Mr. OLDS moved a suspension of the rules, but
no quorum voted.
Mr. WENTWORTII, of Illinois, moved that
there be a call of the House, which was agreed to.
The roll having been called, one hundred anil
twenty-seven members answered to their names.
Tho rules were then suspended, and
Mr. OLDS introduced the bill above named.
He explained'the several luws relative to the
~ ay of deputy pcfetmasters, saying that their com
ensation has been reduced thirty-live per cent.,
while their labors have been more thai doubled,
under the last act reducing the rates of postage.
The bill proposed to increase the compensation,
giving sixty per cent.on receipts of $100 a quarter;
lifty on $300, and forty on $2,000, or ten per cent.
over the present pay ; fifteen on all over $2,400,
as now, ?iid twelve and-a-half instead of ten per
cent, on letters for distribution. If this bill should
be passed, the ell'oct would be to make the com
pensation. on an average, $1 21 less than it was
under the act of March 30. 1851.
Mr. JONES, of Tennessee, moved to recommit
the bill to the Committee on the Post Office and
Post Roads, with instructions to report a bill in
connexion with it, increasing the postage of the
country, so as to meet the expenses of the de
partment. He had no idea, judging from tho feel
ing of the House, that his motion would be sus
tained ; but he should vote against the bill, if he
should stand nlone. He was opposed to giving
more than one-half of the receipts of postage for
its collection. He expressed his opposition to
making the Post Office Department chargeable on
the treasury. It should sustain itself. i
Mr. UPIIAM made a few remarks in favor of |
the bill, saying it was founded in justice and
equity1 and would commend itself the more to the
favor of the House the more it shall be examined.
Mr. HOUSTON wished to move an amend
ment, in effect raising the present single letter
postage from three to five cents.
Mr. OLDS opposed the proposition, saying he
knew enough of parliamentary usage to know
that the enemies of the bill might vote for such
au amendment for the express purpose of killing
the bill afterwards.
The bill was, alter other proceedings, passed in
the form in which it was originally reported.
CANAL ROUND NIAGARA.
Mr. ^ EN" TWORTH, of Illinois, asked leave
to offer a resolution, instructing the Committee on
Roads and Canals to inquire into the expediency
of making an appropriation of land or money for
constructing a chnal round the falls of Niagara.
Objection having been made, he moved a sus
pension of the ruies ; but the motion did not pre
vail.
THE CRESCENT CITY.
On motion of M. CLINGMAN, it was
th? ''resident l>e requested to transmit to
this House, (If not incompatible with the public interest,
? hi* opinion,) copies of all correspondence that may have
taken place between the government of the United States
and that of Spain, ?n relation tntjie refusM fiy ih<? autho- |
riliesofthe Island ?t Ctffco, Some time in lh? autumn of
1KC-, to permit the IniU-d State* mail steamer Crescent
inland at Harmm P8*sengers, destined for that
PARTIES IN EQUITY.
Mr. CHANDLER introduced a bill, allowing
parties in equity, less than the whole number Of
claimants, to sue lor a share of the common fund.
Referred to the Committee on the Judiciary,
OCEAN POSTAGE.
Mr. W ELT.S nsked but did not obtain leave to
introduce & biil reducing ocean postage to ten
cents on letters half an ounce in weight.
AUTHENTICATION OP RECORDS.
Mr. PERKINS, of Louisiana, reported a bill to
repeal a part of the act "to provide for the safe
keeping of the acts, records and seal of the United
Stales, and for other purposes.'' He said it simply
propoied to repeal that part which requires at the
State Department a fee of twenty-five cents nov
levied for the authentication of any document. I
was h subject of much annoyance now to ge
records authenticated. The State Department ai
well ns the members of the Committee ou lorcigr
Allairs desire that this bill should be passed.
The bill was passed.
THE MARTHA WASHINGTON CONSPIRATORS.
Ou motion of Mr. BLISS, it was
Jlctolved, That the Secretary of the Treasury be re
quested to commnnlcate to this House any Information ii
his pofmesitlon, or facts within his knowledge, touching thi
expediency of an appropriation by Congress to defray th<
expenses already iucurred in prosecuting the pewoni
charged with the burning of the uteuniboat Martha Wash
ington, ou the Mliwiittippi rlrer, lu January. 185% and U
furnish the uicaus for prosecuting said parties to convic
tlon of the crimes of arson and murder in the county o
Phillips, in the State of Arkansas, where they are now li
prison, awaiting their trial for oaid crimes, alleged to havi
lieeu committed by them iu and by the burning of the sail
steamboat.
THE KOSZTA AFFAIR.
On motion of Mr. BAYLY, (of the Conimilte<
on Foreign Allairs,) it was
h'ftiJvrd, That tlio I'reiident.of the United States be re
upectfully requested, if not inconsistent with the publii
interest, to transmit to this House copies of the corre
^spnndence not now conmuntested,' of the United States le
gallon at Constantinople, and the United States consulati
at Smyrna, with CapLain Ingraham, and witli the govern
meut of Austria, and with this government, togethor wlU
the instructions from this government to their ageuti
abroad, touching the seizure and rescue of Martin Kostta
and the terms and conditions on which he was liberated anc
sunt to this country.
THE SAN FRANCISCO.
Mr. TAYLOR, of Ohio, offered a resolution thai
the Coium tee of the Whole on the state of the
Union be discharged front the further considera
tk>n ol the joint resolution, proposing the thanks
of Congress to the rescuers of the passengers and
ollicers and crew of the steamer San Francisco
and that the same be put on its passage; but the
House refused to suspend the rules for that pur
pose.
ANNEXATION OF CANADA.
Mr. CAMPBELL asked leave to oiler the fol
lowing resolution:
liesolval, That the I^egldent be requested to cause nego
tiations to be opened with the government of dreat lirltaln
with a view of ascertaining upon what conditions that
government will consent to the annexation of the Canadaa
to the United States of America.
The reading of the resolution occasioned much
laughter.
There being; objection to it,
Mr. CAMPBELL moved a suspension of the
rules, and asked for the yeas and nays.
Mr. DEAN asked whether rhegentleman would
accept of an amendment, including Cuba within
the terms of his resolution?
Mr. CAMPBELL. No, sir, I cannot.
Mr. DEAN. 1 want them both annexed to keep
up the equilibrium; and if the gentleman will not
include Cuba, I cannot vote for his resolution.
A Voick : "That's not germain."
The SPEAKER. Does the gentleman so modify
his resolution ?
Mr. CAMPBELL. I do not.
Mr. FARLEY. 1 ask if the IIou:?e shall sus
pend the rules, whether the gentleman will ac
cept of an amendment to include New Brunswick
and Nova Scotia 1
Mr. CAMPBELL. Yes.
The question having been taken, the House re
fused to suspend the rules?yeas 28, nays 119.
The House then adjourned.
Railroad and Steamboat Accidents.?The
following table we copy from the New York
Herald. It gives all the railroad and steam
boat accidents which have occurred fr?m the
12th of January 1853 to date.
/?On Railroads.?>.?Steamboats?,
>
o
8.
Ei
n
a
1653. ?
January 14
February 6
March 14
April 4
May 8
June... 5
July 11
August 1-1
September IS
October 19
November 19
December 8
Total in 1803 138
1854.
January 21
? February 20
March, to date.. .11
Total during
14J months. .190
The Carbonari.
Our readers have heard much said about the
Italian Carbonari, but no doubt many of them
are not fully acquainted with their origin and
character. An Italian recently delivered a lec
ture in New York, during the course of which
he said:
" In 1796, the Frcnch revolutionists marched
into Italy, bearing in one hand the sword, and
in the other a code of human rights. In their
train came the freedom of the press, the aboli
tion of all that remained of ancient feudalism,
the establishment of republics in Genoa, Milan,
and Bologna, in Naples, Rome, and Venice.
"Although the throne of Napoleon arose above
the disjecia membra^of the French republic,
was sustained so largely by military power, and
wore so many features of an absolute govern
ment, it shed" light abroad over Italy, the course
of instruction in colleges and universities be
came liberal; class privileges were withdrawn;
the religious feelings of men were respected,
civil equality maintained, and the municipal
institutions properly organized. The clergy
were held strictly to the discharge of their
duties, the monastic corporations were abol
ished, the Popo removed from Rome, and thus
from the midst of his spies. The youth who
had received the rule from Napoleon, became
revolutionary after his fall, lie had prepared
them, and had reason to say, in the midst of his
misfortunes, 1 the revolution of Europe is made/
The government of Europe, restored to pow
er by the treaties of 1815, found the people
very different from the servile herd they had
so lately been compelled to conciliate?now
ideas, new sentiments, new tendencies, new
aspirations of the soul! The monarchs were
unwilling to recognise this change: tbey only
sought to drive it back and crusn it where
it forced itself upon their observation. All
their efforts were vain. And they have not
yet drained the bitter cup of their repentance.
After the great emperor's final ruin, the
youth of Italy were constrained by the return
of despotism, to unite in secret associations for
mutual correspondence and protectiou against
the machinations of their insane rulers. The
first martyrs of thoso secret combinations
suffered in 1 b15. The government watched,
arrested, and executed theconspirators,or those
suspected of having conspired; but these meas
ures only redoubled the secret union, and the
number of its members. The conspiracy spread,
and soon reigned in Italy from the Alps to the
remoter shores of Siciiy. In 1820, there was
a continuous fliain of patriotic conspirators,
under the general name of Carbonari. These
men were desirous of establishing the civil and
religious liberty of their country by force of
arms. Some wished to achieve these objects
under a government constitutionally monarchi
cal ; others aspired to a pure democracy. Tbo
latter were, at the time, in the mjnprity, but
ire now in the majority,
?mmm?
FISk'S Alil.TK.HT METALLIC Burial
Cases.?For sale by M.M.WHITE,Underta
ker and Agent, near the corner of3dst. andPenn
"ylvania avenue. Persons wishing to purchase
arill find it to their advantage to call. TV good
loarses, with handrfomf? gyey horses, always io
eadiness. oases can be supplied at thirty
ninutcs' notice. Feb 20?3m
170R RENT, at Columbia Placo, eorne,
J of Seventh street and Louisiana avenue
JH'ice Rooms No*. 4 and 0 on second floor; also
he 4th story room, embracing the whole extent o
he building. Apply to S. C. Barney, on E, be
ween 6th and 7jh streets, or Mr. J. E. Power, No
!, Columbia Place. Mar 27?eotf
noR RENT, tu? voaamodlona Dwelllng
House, Recently repaired, opposite to City
3b?t Office, lately tenanted by his excellency, Mf.
Sarvallo. Apply to S. C. BARNEi,
Mar 27?eotf E, between 0th and 7th st.
3 % S
O o = O
25 40 4 GO 33
6 11 1 120 ?
24 57 3 30 17
25 54 3 58 21
51 48 none ? ?
5 19 4 19 17
8 22 1 7 2
35 94 2 2 5
13 35 3 8 14
14 84 4 18 23
11 32 3 19 10
7 37 3 13 10
227 484 31 359 158
10 26 8 139 ; 20
12 37 5 54 24
13 78 4 118 23
262 021 48 091 225
Jfartign JnttUigtntt.
dbtaiu by thg Canada.
Tub Russian government is making extra
ordinary exertions to raise seamen. A recent
proclamation declares that all the sons of free
seamen?that is to say, of sailors employed in
the commercial marine?are under obligation to
serve in the imperial navy for fifteen years
from the date of the decree.
Boys of the age of fifteen must be immedi
ately enrolled; and all such children as have
attained the age of eight yoars shall be placed
at the disposal of the governor-general of Cron
atadt, -who is charged with the task of sending
them to the schools called " training schools,"
(itcoles de novicesrecently organized.
Sweden.?Advices from Stockholm describe
the Swedish government as being exceedingly
anxious, because of several firms naving takeu
large contracts to supply the British fleet.
Russia, it was reported, had threatened to view
any such proceedings as a breach of neutrality;
and the Lmperor Nicholas was pressing for the
closing of the sound of Calmar, between the
island of Iceland and the mainland. The ice
had not broken up in the Gulf of Finland, and
it was doubted whether the Russiau ships of
war could escape, although 30,000 men were
actively employed in the endeavor to effect their
release.
Austria and Prussia.?A Paris correspond
ent of the London Morning News writes as fol
lows, under date of March 15:
"A sudden and important change has come
over the spirit of those dreamers who thought
that Austria might be reasoned intQ honesty,
I and Prussia into rectitude. I have just learned,
from unquestionable authority, that France and
England have declined to accept the neutrality
under which the German powers have tried to
shelter themselves. Prince Hohenzollern Sig
maringen, who came here for the purposo of
proving to the French emperor that no other
course than neutrality was open to the King of
Prussia, has expended his eloquence in vain ;
and, having signally failed in his mission, he
has left for Berlin, bearing with him the reply
of the French emperor, 'he that is not with me,
is against me.'
"Austria now finds herself like Captain
Macheath. She turns longing glances at her
neighbors in the west, and then looks round
towards Russia?
"1 How happv could I be with either,
Were t'other dear charmer away.'
But the dear charmers of Franco and England
decline to share with the czar the favors of
Francis Joseph of Austria. The young mon
arch heing driven into a corner, will probably
throw himself into the czar's arms, ana in that
case he will inevitably drag the King of Prus
sia after him. E pur vedremo, then we shall
see whether Hungary be as rife for revolt as
M. Kossuth has led us to believe; whether the
chains of tyranny goad the Lombards, and cut
into their festering limbs, as M. Mazzini has
told us; whether the tocsin will sound from the
Hradschin at Prague, and call upon the Bohe
mians to throw oft the hateful yoke of Austria;
all this and much more shall we see."
Berlin, March 12.?The Preussische Corres
denz contains an article directed against the
organs of the press, which urge an alliance
with the western powers, and vindicates the
independence of the ministerial policy, which
has already silenced the voices which clamored
for an alliance with Russia.
The following were the exact words used by
M. Manteuffel, in reply to the interpellations
on the eastern question addressed to him by
Count Schwerin:
"Gentlemen, it is the intention of the govern
ment to submit to the chambers, very shortly,
with the authorization of the king, propositions
which will afford the opportunity of explana
tions, as far as conformable with publicity, of
the policy hitherto followed by the government,
and which (raising his voice) the government
has maintained in an invariable manner at the
present moment. I must refer you to the com
ing explanations. In reply to the question
be fore the chamber, I must content myself to
day with saying, for the reassurance of the
country, that the united fleets, which we shall
shortly see enter the Baltic, belong to states
with which Prussia is in a good and pacific
entente" (Loud cheers from all sides of the
house, except the extreme right)
We read in the Cologne Gazette: "By not
assuming a decisive attitude on the eastern
question, Prussia would cease to be a gr?at
power, and weuld no longer be at the head of
Germany. The consequences are already be
Sinning to be felt. Wuitemberg is negotiating
irectly at Paris, probably with the view of
gaining at the southeast of Germany the posi
tion which she would have under the arbitrary
neutrality of Prussia. Bavaria is making mil
itary preparations, and it is known that her am
bassador has recently declared at Paris that Ba
varia will act in concert with the power that
shall join France. Austria, besides, has pro
claimed, by the organs of the press, that thf>
interests of Germany require an alliance with
the western powers; and her influence will pre
ponderate over the German cabinets. PruBsia,
therefore, could only full back upon national
sympathy, which, by her indecision, she is on
the point of losing; for Austria, whilst acting
in her own interest, acts also in the sense of
the general interest. Prussia, on the contrary,
is silent, and temporizes."
Vienna, March 10.?The Lloyd, which has
lately distinguished itself by advocating an
Austrian policy, and proclaiming the necessity
of opposing Russia, if needs be, has suddenly
been suspended by the government for eight
days. The event has produced a great sensa
tion, and not only the public spirit and courage
of the journal were nighly esteemed, but be
cause tne appearance of those articles had been
pointed to by the government itself (in the
Correspondent) as a proof that the press en
joyed a large extent ot freedom in Austria. A
Uesire to please Russia is evidently the motive
for this proceeding, the Lloyd having in a re
cent number exposed the czar's government
(but not by name) as not being at all conser
vative, but essentially revolutionary in its char
acter.
Russia and Turkey. ? Con^tantinoplx,
March 5.?Disturbances have broken out at
Samos, attended with a great massacre. The
French steamship Mercure has been despatched
to the scene of confusion and bloodsned, for
the purpose of protecting the European inhab
itants ; and a Turkish steamer, with troops on
board, will depart to-morrow for the same place,
in order to quell the riot.
Tho sultan has decrced the formation of two
new armies, each of 30,000 regula^troops,
15,000 irregular, and a train of 45 guns to each
pasha. The officers of the Yalcan, which ves
sel has iust returned direct from Sebastopol,
observed not leaf than 10,000 men at work,
throwing up fortifications.
The Moniieur, under date of St. Peters
burg, March 7th, gives copies of five official
documents declaring various parts of the Rus
sian dominion in a state of siege. Each docu
ment is in the form of an imperial ukase, dated
March the 5th.
Washington's Birtu-dat at Constanti
nq?j,?.?-The last annivery of the birth-day of
Washington was observed in Constantinople, for
the first time, with imposing ceremonies. In
the harbor were several Turkish. English,
French, Dutch, and Austrian vessels of war;
also the United States ship Levant, In the
morning, each ship displayed the American en
sign at the mast-head. At noon the ^ Levant
fired a salute of 21 gvns, which was immedi
ately followed by a similar salute from all the
othwr ships of war in port. In the afternoon,
Captain Turner, of the Levant, had a levee on
OARD.?Dr. Geo. A. Dyer offers his
professional wrriMi lo the public. Office
urn! residence at Judge Bibb's, eorncr of Oth and
F street Mifll?dim,