- - 111 F. R .1 R Y.
The. Tirll, or Introductory Volume of
the Life of the late General Gf.orgc
Y/ASliJKGTON, edited by General Mar
Jhall, is now in the prefs, in Philadelphia,
and will be pubhlhed on as early a day as
iu nature and extent w'U admit.
; «• ®
House of Representatives U. S.
Dtbttv on the .hnciul ntn <.f the C-*naiituiijn.
December 6.
„» nr , nV iv xi '.in r„„.i
Mr PODM'A.-Notw.lhrtand.ngthe
refpedb I entertain for the opinion of tbe
gentlemen who/uppon tins conltuicuou
of the conftitution, it teems to me 01 be ut
,erly without foundation. l he ideas of
thegcntleman from t en,ie(lee(Mr. wmp
bell)are think concluhve-Tnat gen
tleman has afted oy w.iat authority we
enquire into the proceedings of the Senate, J
ofv.h-.ch they are exciufively the conih-,
tutional judges. It is replied that they
ore obliged to keep a pno-.C journal, and j
that .t appears the,efrom that this amend-j
av. iu has not received tue votes of a con- ,■
ft.;.r.tonal majority. Is t.,i* a fa.ran.wvr: .
uiflitutio" each Houle <nay 'le- |
the rules of . s o an proceeding. j
II the henate tne.i nave a right to oec.de j
their own rules, they are the on.y .
competent judges whether tue amend
. '- has been upproved by the number
wtilth uie conftitution requires. On
what foundation is uns objection taken .
Do we know the proceedings c the be
nate out through the medu.m which the
conftitution has provided . W e have re
ceived then tr.i* amendment to the con
tuttition through their _ legitimate oiga i, j
t:.s Clerk. _ he has m due form non j
hed l, , s , °- U ? p#T : ; ? e * ')r. 10 ,.-'r V,e 1
are to d, on tne evidence o. .-.8 certificate
that the benate .<ar no: parted it a. all, or
, , . ." n ' u '■ J ' t
not j.al.eu it ty a ron.-iiutiona. ni.jm.j,
,.S >,> w , et r c v. t » o ù v ! s c • c t * . t? i • t vf r ni 3 1 1 o n
, r- . . ,
we nave ito. ivc cl trotn the bttiate in the
... .
i' t at t ; j • ï ■ , (i f » t c o 11 . i » l . . v .1 \ f o r 3re wc te
. . , . r •
take Uwir proceeding, o, a cirnficate gi
ven to a number e. mis IL.u.e . Are wc
to take lots toformation .i nmthci., or at e
we to .end a commutée to y... ch
proccedti-gs, -•*« 1 *«> a co l, '
Rntiee to watch oui-. bare, y there is a
retpe^l due to the .-ciuty-vhei, the\ trails
fTiit to us j rtriG'u.ion uec.artel tu Le «uopt
a , , ir . A j t
ed ov t he in, by winch \\ e are bound to
j- ; ; I. • ... . f
give credit to it. . t u.m.s not tue cale,
a;, mteicourk- between the tuo Houles
n.uft be flopped. 1 or if the «nsie are
to watch us toi.etermu.e hj what majo- l
rt ,Y <' U l' 1 V j!, tiip'V'>,e i*, r ! nonT '
pat.ee., and we do the ui..e in ielation to ■
their proceedings, w« '.''V'
whole tune ot «he lemon dilcurt , g the « j
previous qoe it tony, wkii act reacl,..»g the
mer.ts of the mca.u.eo p. opoletl. 1 V rlf j
,s appear to me condui ve. \ he Cc-o
inoom pnd.ca.ed the cx.ftcncj -f
i- principle ot n>oral mtegniy in tn; two I
t j I f y.* /„,r,u n ^ I
lion les , ».Id witho.y. inch confidence ,
them itcyntv. ex.ft for a day. „-...
[>u .j*\n*g^hc fact, as t**e gentleman J
from l. -nnecUcut has Itated it, I tim.k this j
refohuion has palled the henate by a con
r ■ , . . .
f.tuit muai majority. 1 lie gentleman on- j
t.-nds that it has not, becaule it has not
... . r,..» th-rlc ,fn!l »iu. *
Wed thw .ll.ent Ot t\\0 thirds c.t ail I.IC ,
i-. 1», -.i r «h, ...
Conftitution t squires the artent of two
thirds only of lhe members present, we \
, r i • n i a i v .
alwa>s find it expresfly lo dated, whereas i
whtn it requires two thirds ot either
Flo ufe, it merely calls for two thirds «,f
the members; and he contends that there
1
:
i.y t ci
tern i .e
on
men
what is the
id.
r.-cci
is here a wide diftiuilion and effeiitiaff
difference in the meaning. But all this
arifts frem a mere pl.-.y upon lilt term
House. That term, according to tiiegen
tletnan, is cf wonderful import ! lie has
now dilcovered that at the firft erganifa
tton cf tl e gavernntent, when every ffn
tiir.etit that gave i: birth was t'refh on the
recolledt on, when we find among others
two vendable members from the ftate of |
,f the Semte and!
Delaware, men.be rs
likewife members of the federal Cotiven- j
g their afleii: tq amendments
: hitiition, :<!! thftfe proceedings
How was the
Houles to thefe a
lion, ft tv 1
to tiie
were uncc nftitutional.
affent ..f the two
irendmer.ts given Ï Was it by two thirds
of all the members of each Houfe ? T he
Journal ptoves the reverie to have bpen
the faeft. It expretfly fays they were a
depted by 'wo thirds of the Senators pre
It is laid however that
sent concnring.
this is inly the record of the Clerk, und
that it fhews no more than his opinion.
But this is not fo. For it is the practice
of each llouie on the next day, to read
the Journal of the proceedings of the an
tecedent day, and if there tie errors to cor
retft them. Now, if we look to this re
cord. at a period immediately after the
of tiie Conftitution, we fiiall find
-ember 17819, it is declared on
.... i- Senate tiiat amendments
■ti -a
[pafTcd, and which are now part of the con
dilution, were ratified by two thirds of
the members present.
I have ever underrtood it to be a found
rule of conftruClion, becaufe a found rule
of reafon, that a conftruflion of an irtftru
received flia.l nit be changed,
if the conftruClion be no: lo proper
As then i: ap
the conftrufti
ment once
even
as might be given,
pears that fuch was
the conftitution by many
on given to
of the members whofe labors contri
^ j(s wha may,
th( rcfor bc con ,H cl ed a , lhe m oft perfeft
m ^ Qf jw trB(J waning, fiiall we at this
(!l , Unt djy „nd.-rtake to give a different
conftrufliol , ? Shall we fay that we are wi
ai , wlvj have g0 ' e before us . and
from lU , Conftitution thofe a
' nd Jf whichbtve been nropofed by
J fwo thirJf of th „ meltlbel 8 pre | enl 0 | Mch
lloul iJn<ive bee:1 a f.. erW ards ratified i
^ foutth , of th . q ates ?
j - j ^ eon|Uuflioll to the trne !
one> Ipi the „„ftitution the term House ;
,■ ïn> , n maj ., rity 0 f >\\ lhe mem '
. a()d exam i na ,i on 0 f that inftru-'
| ^ ^ ^ th<;n m , ue ar , d |
j ^ converii , > , e term< . « F.ach
j ^ ^ , of lhtf electlonSi j
. ^ piMlificill j 0118 of ils ùwll j
m _. mb a j a m-i iriry of each (hall
r , )n ,i uiut! a quunim to do bu.inefs ; but i
a r ma | le| . number n ,ay adjourn from duv
t<> ^ ^ { be a , lthjrl3td t0 compe '| ;
(he a i teluUll<:e t) f abfe.it members, in tuch '
, n3ni , er anJ undtfr fuch Dena | tieg as ce!e b
prov j de .*> According u. the
( ;: ;Un A iU n of gentlemen a majority Hull
j ^ ^ 'J'hus a rnsj-iitv, being as- ,
j :ctr , b , edt may rrocte d to 'bufir.els—Now !
1 let us tee how we are to feparate. We !
muft( ac cordin? , ;h e argumems of gen
tlenien( wark r ; ight & a.ty until we get the
whole members prefent. We have, there
forei been tranfgrcfling the Conftitution
, , i
every dav v e have met. We have, made
, • . . .
rules—ov a great quorum, it is true, but
^ , * I - 1 ■ r
every member was not prefent—and if e
very ' meaiber were not i r efen t it was not
a and therefore we had no right
to f()ruJeI ? And yet every gentleman
knows that fome rules are indifpenfiblv
neceffurv. " The Y. as and Nays of the !
membcr ^ of chhcr IS , uscon any ( , ne fti 0I i, !
rj la |, ( at lh , defire 0 c olle f.fth of thole |
. . « i m
preienr, he entered on the o'lrnal.
, ■
1 herefore, we cannot have the Y i ag and ,
Navgel)tered mde |s eve ry member be j
^ ,__ u NVnh?r [(oufe fluU without j
^ co|jfcnt of lhe olht ... < ;u!j „,, rn fur mor£ j
l |un t . ;ree djNs y>._ i:i f .U u)e of •
' l ^' s particular lVclicn the tt-un II',use
■ ^ j u f„ c f_ 'J'lie h:v<' is to dp . i
termine" ita " rules, and to" keep a j,,Ûr- Î
j ^ u;e „ )mM q jdl J t , if J , !lCV
^ }n , hWr c ., ntlraclionf thi|(>
j out , he j.rclenee of every member there
btf no rules and xi ionm.l, and that
. h „p.lm-d'to k-«p vorkiua
I . , , s ', * 1
I without ruie or record, vet w; c«nnot ad
, j ( -,. jril . Is tins, Mr. Speaker, uolftble ! Do
gentlemen lerioufly contend for fuch an
J ^ , . - 1
j ' ' •' J j referred to a feTion I
: . V T' 1 P i
of the Conlli'u'ion where two thirds of!
j ., rt .f,. !U are re „ ,: red a , ld ,
1 * e n \ 1J ■ ,rel " u ,.j r 1 ' , '
* ot,lcr t'-i.-tioas.wncre adilieibiit ljnrua'e :i
, . . . 1 *
C 5
!
\ ~ 1, ' w - * ' • * , ' ul T ' , n
. vet mean the fame thing. In the c.ait* of
i j j imnearhments different Ian
ta . \ i impe-acuments a. .lerent Ian
8"-8 e !a "^ d '° Convey he fame mean ng.
•' 111 I he le cafes different language
1 IS used to mean tne lame thing, will not
: the like liberty be allowed in other cafes?
I do not know lhat the framers of an in
ftrument are bound to use on all occalions
the fame words to convey the lame idea,
more than the members of this Houfe are.
:i)Sooo®o:<»-
„ . ,
From tbe Aurora.
| SIR.
There has been among European
TO THE EDITOR.
j ma nufadturers, for a great number of
years
lometimes to altercation and difpute,
refpedUng the CiiineS'e Nankeen colot- ;
one party affirming that it is a dye, and
the other that it is the natural color ot
uncertainty, which has urifen
an
the cotton.
Until within a few years, I do not re
coiled! any teftimony having been pro
duced on either fiele, worthy the attention
of a mind capable of inveftigating into
the nature of evidence. Holding my
mind, therefore, in fufpenfe 011 the fub
jedl ; and finding that the European dy
ers wete attempting a clofe imitation of
that color, which has continued to pie ale
and be fafliionable, longer, perhaps, than
any other color that ever was pre-f'ented
to the eye ; and although tiie Englifh
have approached fo clolely to the ort
.
, , , . .
gmal, that nothing but a comparifon »Hl
undeceive the beholaer ; yet it is cer- J
It
:
tainlv true.'thst no dye however pleafing
in it's tint, has ever been produced
Europe, that could deceive, even a cire
lels oblerver,by comparifon.
In 1794, a chinefe drug fell in my wa\,
liich leemel to indicate, that it might
be uieful in dying. 1 therefore begin
to make to / experiments. Firft, I boiled
it in pure water ; it produced on cotton,
well wallied and without anv mordant, a
good red. A fmall portion of alkali
made the rtd deeper, and greatly like
the fmall ftreaks ot red wnich are to be
nankeen.
in
..
leen in every piece of genuine
I then took anotner portion of mv dying
'lrug and made
not boiling, but fimmered o
fire and without alkali : U then pro_
dured, on wool and 1 . 1 k, a beautiful buff
color ; and on cotton a.fo a bull of in
ferior luftre. Neither of thefe coins
i were altered by an alkaline Inc viu.n
|but on immetitog my iamplea in a
! diluted folution of tin, they immecli-telv
; «^A'vd imo the pertect nankeen color,
' as well the red as the buff. From that
"me 1 have tncl.netl.to be«« that the |
| nankeen is a dye, and not the natural co b
^ of the cotton . j t
j At that period I forbore to commun.
j cate my d.tcovery, or to avail myfelf of
advantages ; becaufe I had ancle up
i 0, y nund to emigrate to America, and to
bring with me all my obleryat.ons and
; experience, winch I did not doul. would
' bc highly acceptable to an infant nation,
When I arnved, however, in ;;:p 4 . 1
f ,uild tliat the arts occupied no pa
(he attention of the Am r.t.n govern
, ment. A few individuals indeed both
! foreigners and natives entertained the
! abll,rd ,d «i tha ' b >' thf,r ou "
without the aflilhnce or «ttcv.ior of
government, they would be a!
ht'l't time, to complete «itn
excel foreign nations in
nonufd ui*i* 3 n d 1 ;
" U " UUUIU1 - a,ul
r c a 1 o n t h c n 3 111c <- . *
l,ie nailK i
mniyo.wn !.. .ft Irom that tuts to the
PreletU ; and w Id procsbly r.evei have
been mentioned, .1 i had not liner feen,
m btaumon s l.moaffv to China, and in
! lhu " V.ewoi Sou-h l.a olma," the fol
! ^wmga extracts, which ieem to confirm
| lhe «P»» 1 '" that tin, nankeen coloris a
m natural r)rOutiCii«»n.
. ,.l ' * „
■ J>| aunton's enibifTv it Taid mey»
, 1 ^ — * u,ll ; i dll . v ' *•» 1Ä,G » P a ge
j T Am. Edit.--" lhe land in the
j neighborhood was chieiiy cultivated w. . 1 .
j tr.at particular fpec.es or variety of cot
• tor ' ll , iruo thal P 10lul , ces tllscl °V'
Cj ' I1!,r "' ie en m l.uiope. lhe d.>wn
i 13 of 1 w.nte color in the cammon plant,
Î V/:* in lhat growing in the province of
of which the city of Nankeen
is -he capual, the down is of the fame
veiuw Uno« which it preferves when
»i»un and woven m.o cloth. The color,
"» wel1 as ,he quality of this
falnlanre, was fn*jnn r cil to hr <vvhht m
1 wa '' 10 or °*vmg to
tne particular nature of the foil ; audit
•* aficri-cl that the feeds of nankeen cot
1 ton il-gtnrrate, in both particulars, when
I lranI i >l "' ted '° »"otber pro/ince, how
P i ev-r little different in its r'iimte "
' , uiikieni u its c.i.n.iu.
I In Uravton s 11 Y lew of South Caroli
oa"wem--t with the following naff „
I . , 1 " Wl 'f. p^wig«
iq nriiu'naMu
-«.iu,.. i,'r,Ç'te:
ly ufe. It ufo called from the wool re
temblin* th- color of Nark^en rlnrh
s ' ^ U1 ANar.Keen cloth.
1; is not ln ' jch d * riland . the white cot
;on bavjn «• a i ...
i^™!'h«^ H
»„Lufa-W From ft Jr. 0 '''* !
<-* . . ndl,llaajl ea ;rom it, perhaps:
«nrenor to thole imported from the!
. , 1 " d, ï s » ,t probable the
Is V, 1 le .' **P ä bl . ndl
Notwitbftanding them authorities, I
3m ln< p ,t> . et r t0 Ue.icve, chac the color i
an artificial dye, and am happy to fi :
«hat the time has arrived when the
ter maybe put beyond difpute ;
it be true that cotton of the
keen color is to be found in South ( -
lins it is hoped the planters will
themfelves of the dilcovery ; for
can be no doubt that the K n >lilh
be willing to pay more for tliat
than the white, every other quality be
ing equal, It would f'ave to England,
and grin to America an immenfe him
annually, if the nankeens worn
gland could be made from A
an infufion ; t e v w. r
over a il iw
;
!
1
r of
in
and even
e cloth:
g
•vier.:
arts.
This was never 11.v c;;-uicn ana for that
remained
I
cotton
-
in
an
: !
■ j
true
ro
ji
would
cotton
in h.u
nraei te u ti
cotton which would certainly be the cafe
if they could be fupplied with the
cle.
artt
Notwith(landing ray fcepticifm, it is
certainly a matter worthy of invertira
lion; for if it be true that'the nankeen
cotton is found in South Carolina, men
of fcience engaged in the arts will'have
no occafton to look out for a colour as a
fubftitute ; and if it be not lo I fiiall then
communicate all that I know on the iub
jecl to the Britifli manufadlurers feeinn
from a recent report of the committee
J eomwerce and manufadliim, that no «n
roara^cmant is likely to Le given to
clothing bnfinefs in the United St
It is true I have feen cotton wool 0 f
nous (hades from a white to a colour ap
proaching to that of tanned leather • lu ir
none that would bear a companion
the nankeen color.
Editorial sorr,-— Communications
on the luhjuol treated of in the foic-poino
effay will be cheerfully inlertedin tlie Au
rora, and it is re l'pert fully i'uggHRd that
filch as pofTefs information, wherever
they may rtfnle, fliould communicate it
for the public welfare generally ami f
<>•11- manufacturing inttrelts in
lar.
KtCf.
va.
Wltli
CATO.
b
t
C ? ÎS
t ; y .
ot
particu.
<> «. -at
From tbe Aurora.
The ratification of the amendment on
the part ot N. Jerley, is a circumlljnce
of co'.fiderable moment; we know th.,t
hopes were enteriain.-J of the negative
of this ftatc, and that
no incon'idiu-.ble
tffoits were empl >yed ny federal i.<rt, teil -
tial cliaratlers for the acco nplillimeni 0 f
this favorite object—like exertions were
made in Vermont, but tht;r failure in
nth inftinces affords
encouragement
to rely on the iffue of the vote in thofe
liâtes which bave not yet decided,
prefent the votes (land thus ;
At
IN FAVOR.
OPPOSED.
Dt la
Maffjchule'is a
North Carolina,
M iry land,
V' irginia,
Ohio,
Kentucky,
Ps infv lvanis,
Vermont,
New Yctk,
New je i fev....9
T he ftates, which are ye: to determine
sre : —
New ! lampfliire,
Connesdicut,
Rhode llland.
w are,
S >utn f.arolina,
Georgia,
Tenu
Ofthele lix dates four mull ratify tn*
amendment before it can become a
of tiie conftitution.
par.
Ne'V-IIampIliire and
Coiinedlic'it, it has uniformly been ad
mitted, will oppofe the amendment : tli*
legiflature of the former ICte will nut d .
cide before October, and although 110 tj.
vorabie iffue has been looked for
neverlhelels be dilappointed, as ir is w t if
known the republican intereft
maintained fuch an erect attitude as it
dues at the prefent
necticuc we look for no change within
the pref-nt year—the able expôlitioii, of
Mr. Tracy's politics
friends, which lias« lately been made in
that date, though it may not have an im
mediate effect will be gradual yet furs
prog refs tend greatly to the difperlinn -f
the altor,idling cloud of ignorance ot 1 lie
real views of the federal leaders of that
date, in which its
that Connecticut w-ould ratifi [ lie
nient fias never been imagined, it is f,e ■
lunate thu lfluc does not depend on Iter
vote.
we nuv'
ir.vei
T o Con
ni ornent.
and thofe of his
citizens are ohiV.iirrd •
amend
l he four remaining dates, we have
hefitation in laving
ment —(fenrgia and Tenne'flee
yond queftion in fav
113ee been iuggelled by rhe federal prints
re I pe lifting the votes cf Rhode ! flanc! ard
South Carolina, fimilar ijouh-s
led with relpecf to thofe of Vermont arid
New Jerley, the reluit is we 1
.node Iflaiid has a largrr majority in 1!»
Icß'fi Mure than New-Jerlev, the politics
<■: i - s fenators and repreleiuatives 111 co'
. the vote of the date at the lal! pre
•ia. eb'Clion, all tliefe faffs <>(.ji. .0
infinuations of the federalills Unit
its fentinients arc equivocsl. With tel
oeCL to South Carolina the fatfts are, it?
governor a fii'm republican, tbire is ve>
'-tie. :: any, federal opposition in the
both its U. S. fenators are
liy believe eleiftel
ptiature urul-r an expeffation
mr of tbsm would have oppoted
t ; f antenthnent, a majority of its repre
jçntaiivcg decidedly repub ic&n—every
c<rrumftance, from which it is poflibie
to ijravr a conclufion, warrants the art.-"
''•'n toat South Carolina will follow «h s
example offner fifter fiâtes.
Notwitliffamfing the clamor about sen
ttutcù, of the iirven which have already dr
cided but one fmall (fate lias opposai the *•
mendmeat, and five have dete,mined in fa
vor of its adoption—tnis is certainly the brk
aigument againft all the declarr.itions in ai d
out of congrels on this fruiiful topic, and tne
belt data on which to foim
(petting the final iffoe.
It has been .epeatedly infinuated that ta*
ohjedf of the republican party, in being
delirous of the adoption ot the anendmen 1 , '
to fecuiethc re-elettion of Mr. Jefferlon—l ct
any tnttn review the (fate of the republican
and federal patties in this country at the p [C '
lent moment, let him retfett on the majoiilR*
m concrets and the majorities in the (fate If
gillatuies, and anlwer is there a lingle rea
lem why the federalifts fliould hope to dfi*
.»>
u ill ratify the a uentl
are be.
i/ouLis
of it.
>r
vert- r.i,
rioiui.
fi
tire
can and w
hv f p.t* îs
that ne-;
an opinion if