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<T> ' '/■ PRICE 4 CENTS PALISADE, N. J., JANUARY 1, 1926 VOL. XIX. NO. 3 * . ‘ ! PROPOSED CHANGE IN CUFFSIDE ■ PARK'S ZONING LAW CADSE OF PROTEST OY RESIDENTS AFFECTED No Objection to First Class Apartments on Anderson Ave. North of Lafayette; Whole Matter Laid Over Until Next Regular Meeting; Mayor Marini Explains Ad ministration’s Attitude Toward Changes. The proposed change in the Zoning ' Ordinance of Cl.'ffside Park was the cause of a nulnber of protests, brought to the attention of the Mayor and Council on Monday evening at the bearing on the amendment. The amendment as advertised made possi ble the building of multi-family struc tures and stores on Anderson avenue north of Lafayette and the erection of an apartment house on the corner of Edgewater road and the trolley line. A petition signed by practically all the residents in the vicinity of Ander aon and Aurora avenues protested the. change which permits stores but there seemed to be no objection to first class apartment houses in that section. Mr. Edward Farrar, one of the residents, in a short address made known this fact. Councilman Meyer stated that he had called on all the people affected by the change and learned, that the stores were -the only objectionable feature and that he had prepared an amend ment making the change applicable ■only to multi-family dwellings. uari wmtes, an attorney irom tiua . son County, represented the residents In the neighborhood of Edgewater road and the trolley and made a plea In their behalf against the proposed change from a one-family district to a multi-family. Mr. Whites dealt with the .problem from both a legal and moral angle and said he felt it was letting down the bars and establishing a precedent for certain parties and others are bound to base their argu ments for further concessions on this first concession. Mayor Marini in replying said that Mr. Whites was not dealing with a hostile body and that the Mayor and Council were just as anxious to pre serve and nph»ljlJitlia Zoning Jaw as " anyone. Tie' SaI3, too, tbat tfroposed changes were the result of requests and that the governing-body did not go around looking for places where - they thought it would be all right to alter restrictions but simply acted on recommendations as they came before them. The Mayor explained that the . Zoning law of other boroughs had suf ' fered defeat in a number of cases When permits, were refused and the matter was taken into court and the Council have in the past endeavored to preserve the best features of the law by making it elastic and not inviting litigation that might destroy it *as a whole. The ordinance was continued on first reading and .between now and the meeting on January 11 all parties con cerned will be consulted and a change that is satisfactory to all submitted for consideration. \ Supplemental ordinances were passed for additional appropriations to com plete the improvement W “Dewey, Greenmont, Nelson and Oajcwood ave > nues, and Main street. | The residents on Clark And Fulton terraces petitioned the council to take steps to have Clark terraca made a stopping place on the Palisaqe trolley line. The clerk was instructed\o write to the Public Service making this re quest. 1 xue ouuuiuuii ciiigmeenug, com pany reported that the work on the West Grantwood pumping station would be completed in a tew days. Michael McKenna filed an applica tion for a patrolman of the borough. Harry Lucht, architect, In a letter, asked the board why the sidewalks on Palisade avenue in front of the High School and the triangular piece of property owned by the borough had BOtS^een laid. He said that as thou / sands^wL dollars already had been spent in tWiayiflg of curbs and side walks, he saw no reason why the work was not finished, as many of-fft©, pupils attending the High School were incop^ venlenced by the lack of sidewalks. Mayor Marini advised that council is waiting the erection of the memorial before completing the sidewalk at the triangle. And Councilman Meyer said (in the final reports a recommendation would be made for the immediate im provement of the property in question. Rev. A. J. Ferretti, of the Epiphany I Church, Grantwood, asked the board ' that the [property recently purchased by the church on Lafayette avenue, for the new parochial school, be exempt from taxes. Grantwood Thieves Still “Among the Missing” No trace of the thieves who entered the home of Mr. and Mrs. Steve Do prak of 444 Lawton avenue, Grant wood, on Christmas night has been found. Entrance was gained by an open window in the dining room of the home while the family was visiting relatives. Mr. Doprak reported that a man’s ring with a blue stone, two pairs of earrings with red stones and opals, one pair of earrings with blue and white stones and $4 In cash were missing. Policeman Thomas Marsden has been assigned to the case. ^ Englewood Cliffs Girl Weds New York Man Miss Julia Clancy, of Sylvan ave nue, Englewood Cliffs, daughter of Mrs. Thomas Clancy, became the bride of William Ivan, of New York, on Monday afternoon, at 2 o’clock at Holy Trinity Catholic Church, 6n Lemoine avenue, Coytesville. Father Mulligan performed the ceremony. Professor Arthur Knowles played the wedding music. The couple will spend a two weeks’ honeymoon in Bermuda, and upon their return will reside in New York city, where they have an apartment already furnished. Mr. Sibley Gets School Contract in Philipsburg Architect Ernest Sibley of Palisade has been appointed architect for the new $500,000 high school to be erect ed at Philipsburg, N. J. The new school is to be built on a site con taining twenty-three acres. The Board of Education of Philips burg was attracted to Mr. Sibley through his work on the schools at Trenton. The proposed new school] will be one of the finest in this sec tion of the state. Christmas Eve Party In accordance with their custom for several years, Mr. and Mrs. H. R. Benda gave a party on Christmas Eve at their home to a dozen friends. Cards were enjoyed and a pretty or humorous prize was given td every jcjief.t as - a Christmas gift. A delTicioJs supper was served £t the :able, which was appropriately deco rated ; vith a centerpiece of green with poinseatias and red candles in glass randlei ticks. At e ich place was a red basket of Don bo ns and an unusual place card if red with a little lighted red candle. The suests present included Mr. and Mrs. Kf. B. Hartman, Mr. and Mrs. George Sears, Mr. and Mrs. Leopold, Mrs. M. Yaeger Clark, Mr. and Mrs. S. N. and Mr. Frank Yaeger. MRS. COMSTOCK’S TO BE MADE LARGER; ALREADY A SUCCESS Small Grantwood Store With Humble Beginning Is Nucleus of Real Department Store. The Hilltop section is promised a new enterprise in the way of a de partment store in Grantwood.. Mrs. G. G. Comstock, who just a few years ago started in a small building next to her father’s drug store along the trol ley tracks, has outgrown her present quarters and must enlarge her store to two or three times its size. Mrs. Comstock had a beautiful holiday trade, due to the fact that she carries a magnificent stock of staples and fancy dry goods, men’s furnishings and notions, hosiery and everything of only the highest quality that men, women and children demand. She has made prices right always, so that discriminating people of the sec tion, those who know values, have now learned how to buy at home, and Mrs. Comstock has built up a splendid business, starting as she did with an extremely small beginning. Mrs. Comstock’s business now runs well up into the thousands a year, a really magnificent showing for an even larger community. During the Christmas week trade the store was almost swamped with customers, and with a good force of extra help the trade could scarcely be waited on. Asked by a Palisadian representa tive this week about her plans, Mr3. Comstock said: “Yes; I contemplate enlarging my business greatly. It has become a ne cessity. If we could get this street matter along the car tracks settled I would begin at once rebuilding. My present store is far too small for my business. I’ve got to have two floors or more. My aim is to have a regular department store after awhile. The section is growing so fast that the out look warrants my ambition for Grant wood to have a regular department store. If Union City can support a department store why not ione here? We certainly have the population, and the convenience would save the heavy expense of shopping for necessary things in New York. The big thing Is that I can and do hammer city prices on all commodities in my line—every thing, no exception. I look at it mere ly as an opportunity to be. embraced. I carry only the best known goods, such as Munsinger’s underwear, Kay ser’s silk ties, Gotham gold stripe women’s hosiery and other like grades. My present stock is low, but will invoice easily $20,000.” OFFICE OF GRANT-LEE THEATRE ENTERED AND RODDED OF TWO DAYS' RECEIPTS EARLY THORS. MORNING Second Robbery in Fairview Where Intruders Carry Off Safe Containing No Money—Theatre Building Evi dently Entered by a Rear Door With Skeleton Key— Steel Cabinet Jimmied—Robbers Leave a Clue. Nunzio Scalo Building Home on Palisade Ave. Nunzio Scalo, the trucking contrac tor ot Fairview, Is having built for himself a two story brick house, with garage for his trucks, on Palisade ave nue in Cliffside Park. The building will cost in the neighborhood of J23, 000 and will be built by the Fairvlew Construction Company. Scalo does trucking of every de scription for excavation and dirt re moval. He has several big motor trucks. His business is known as the Scalo Trucking Company. Fire at Ft. Richard Cafe Sunday A fire at Fort Richard, Englewood Cliffs, attracted a large crowd early Sunday morning. The Coytesville Are department was called upon the scene, but arrived too late, as the employees it the historic roadhouse had already extinguished the blaze before much damage had been done. A short circuit in the wiring be tween the partitions on the main floor was the cause of the fire. A small hole was cut into the wall, and the em ployees threw kettles of water into it, which soon quenched the fire. Morning Steal Radio Set From ■ Home in Palisade Thiejvei entered the home of Mr. nd Mb. Emial Cellerano, 31 Cumber nede Iroid, Palisade, last Saturday escaped with a beautiful ItJ v« are no signs of entry hav „0 „„In forced, it is the opinion of he Fort I^ae police that the intruders ained [access to the house by means a pass k|»y- / was. away from 1 o clock The the TafU moon until 10 o’clec# Bold robbers forced their way into the office of the Grant-Lee Theatre at Palisade Junction early Thursday morning, jimmied a steel cabinet and escaped with two days’ receipts and a bundle of checks. A second rob bery near the same time was at the National Grocery Co. store at Ander son and Broad avenues, in Fairview, where the intruders carried off the safe, containing nothing more valu able than several'lead pencils. Entrance to the theatre building was evidently gained through a rear door with a skeleton key, as all the front doors were locked when Janitor Schlnkel arrived Thursday morning. The janitor, after attending to some duties in the basement, went upstairs about 10 o’clock and found the door of the theatre office open with the lock badly mutilated. Entering, he found the small safe wide open, as well as a large steel cabinet, and two strong boxes with the contents strewn upon the floor. Mr. Harry Schall, the secretary of the corporation, was informed of the robbery and a phone call summoned the Fort Lee police and Managing Di rector Kelly. The robbers left a brand new axe handle wrapped in brown paper, which evidently was intended for a weapon if they had been attacked. The robbery was evidently commit ted after 1 o’clock, as a number of the theatre officials were in the office un til after midnight. The Fairview robbery was not as serious but just as bold, in that the thieves carried off the safe. It con tained nothing valuable. Entrance was gained by cutting the glass in the frob^ door. Louis Palisade turned fro] Italy. Mr, tractor in nershlp wi elia and his bride, of 619 enue, Grantwood, have re a six months’ sojourn in Delia is a prominent con rantwood, being in a part minick Milone. . : SEVEN ARE INJURED IN TROLLEY CRASH ON CHRISTMAS EVE Accident Happened in Palisade Park—Two Are in Very Serious Condition. Seven persons were injured, two se riously, shortly before midnight Christmas eve when a westbound En glewood trolley car crashed into the rear of a Hudson river car, also west bound, on the Public Service right of way at Della boulevard, Palisade Park. The crash was heard by a passing motorist, who telephoned the Pali sades Park police, summoning Police men Coffee and Bell to the scene of the acciden , where a hasty survey of the situation showed the immediate need of medical attention for several of the injured passengers in the two cars . , THE INJURED Mrs. John\ MacDonagh, of Bay ave nue, Ridgefield; serious injuries. Mrs. I. Glasspool, of Palisades bou levard, Palisades Park;' serious in juries. William Cloman, of Harwood ave nue, Palisades Park; lacerations and bruises. Albert Ring, of Harriet avenue, Palisades Park; sprained arm. Mrs. Agnes Bailey, of Palisades bou levard, Palisades Park; bruises of the knee. Miss Macintosh, of Brinckerhoff ter race, Palisades Park; lacerations and bruises. Mrs. Brany, 31 Monroe street, New Rochelle, N. Y.; lacerations. The accident occurred a short dis tance west of the state highway bridge over the right of way and at the foot of the steep incline from the Pali sades. The crash came after the pole of the Hudson River car jumped the wire, plunging the car into darkness. Peter Henderson, operator .-of the Hudson River car, told police that while he was attempting to replace the pole on the wire he noticed the approaching Englewood car, apparently unable to step, and stepped oiit’iiof the way just as the two cars came together. PUBLIC SERVICE CORP. ORDERS 333 BUSES Said to Be Largest Order Ever Placed and Contract Price Is Reported Near $3,000,000. An order for 333 buses of the gaso line-electric type has been placed with the Yellow Coach Company of Chicago by the Public Service Transportation Company. Decision to purchase from the Chi cago concern was made on Monday by Matthew R. Boylan, vice-president in charge of operation gf the transporta tion subsidiaries of the corporation, which last week authorized the ac quirement of additional equipment. The electrical equipment will be furnished by the General Electric Company, of Schenectady. It will be sent to Chicago, where it will be in corporated in the machines by the Yellow Coach Company. There is a possibility that some of the bodies for the new buses may be built at the Plankroad shops of the Public Service Railway Company here, in order to facilitate the placing of the machines In service. Under the contract to be signed, the first of the buses are to be de livered in February, and are to come along at the rate of about three a day. While the purchase price was not announced, it is said to be ’ approxi mately $3,000,000, and is declared to ,be the largest order ever placed at one time for buses. When delivered, the new buses will - form the largest fleet of gasoline-electric machines in operation by any one company. Efforts will be made to equip complete lines with the new machines in conformity with the policy of stand ardization adopted several months ago. This will mean that modern un derslung buses on the routes to be equipped with the new machines will be shifted to other lines. Standardized equipment is now be ing used on several of the lines, this having been made possible by the pur chase at different times of a total of more than 200 of the modern ma chines from th& Yellow Coach, Fageol, White and Mack Companies. In all, the transportation company has about 27 types of buses, a ma jority of which were acquired from Independent owners. In its bus pur chasing the company has acquired 56 types of machines, the scrapping of many of the purchased macnines, as new ones were required, bringvng the number down to the new ones^mw in operation, \ Orphan Home Quarantine Quarantine restrictions have bdkin placed on the Fort L^e Orphans’ Home because ot two cases of scar let fever and one of diphtheria which developed recently. It was stated at the home that no new symptor developed, and that allj;he progressing satisfaetoi .a ,-V-.. JUDGE C. DOREMUS ! DEFENDS POWER OF ! PORT AUTHORITY Says Their Power Should Not Be Doubted — “N. J. Can’t At- . ford to Go Backward.” Former Judge Cornelius Doremus of Ridgewood has declared that the port authority has the power to issue bonds for bridge projects and warns against attacks on the port authority, saying: “New Jersey can’t afford to go back ward. We must go forward. “The Bright committee investiga tion and discussion thus far has had a tendency to cast doubt upon the validity of bonds which the port au thority anticipates issuing for bridge construction. Obstructive policies might make it impossible to float such bond Issue. If bonds cannot be is sued and sold by the port authority, that corporation would be throttled and practically cease as a functioning body. Bergen county is vitally inter ested In the construction of the Hud son river bridge and other improve ments of a like character. So is Hud son. If the bridge Is not built, it will be a serious blow to the development of north Jersey, and val les will im mediately go down to a point which will be disastrous. “Other counties, especially Union, Middlesex and Camden, would be af fected in the same way. The rapid completion of the bridge from Cam den to Philadelphia would be also seriously affected. “The power of the port authority to issue valid bonds is undoubted. Reference which had been made to the fact that the port authority is an agent of the state was not in point, inasmuch as the statutes creating the port authority, both in New York and New Jersey, and under congressional resolution, expressly clothed the port authority with power to issue its own bonds without being guaranteed by the state. “The work already done by the port authority and the expenditures made under the annual appropriations by the two states, New York and New Jersey, would be valueless if the pow er of the port authority is curtailed or doubt and suspicion is cast upon it. It is not a super-sovereign organ ization as some have stated. “Vested interests have accrued,and subsequent legislatures cannot repeal what has already been consummated. Banks and bankers and moneyed in terests can invest in the bonds issued by the port authority under legislation already passed without question as to their validity.” Judge Doremus spoke about the great majority given to Senator Mac kay at the last, election in Bergen county and said it was due to a con siderable extent to the senator’s activ ities in connection with the building of the Hudson bridge. EXCHANGE CLUB HEARS FINE TALK I ON LOCAL TELEPHONE EXCHANGE; MORE COMPLETE LISTINGS SOUGHT « / * - , " 'l'?‘ Charles McGowan Tells Club Members Cliffside Exchange Handles Over 18,000 Outgoing Calls and 9,000 Incom- _ ing Calls a Day—How to Help the Operators Give Better Service. Oldest Resident of Ft. Lee, Mrs. C. Heft, Dies Sunday Morning Fort Lee’s oldest resident, Mrs. Catherine M. Heft who has lived her-3 seventy-four years, died early Sunday morning at the residence of her son, Peter Heft, 1622 Schlosser street. For! Lee, just a week before what would have been her ninetieth birthday. When she arrived at Fort Lee from Germany, a girl not quite sixteen years old, there were only ten or twelve houses in the neighborhood. She came over here with her brother, Philii Klink, who died a few years ago ir Philadelphia. In 1854 she married Valentine Heft a contractor, who engaged for many years in the paving block business and died thirty-eight years ago. Foi more than half a century she had lived in the block where she died. Mrs. Heft was the mother of three daughters, but all have died, the Iasi four years ago. Five sons, all resi dents of Fort Lee survive. They are Charles, John, Peter, William ant Fhilip. She also leaves eleven grand children and five great-grandchildren. The funeral was held from the resi dence, the ReV. Loweth of the Good Shepherd Church preaching the ser mon. Interment will take place at 2:3< o’clock Tuesday afternoon at Edgewa ter cemetery. The arrangements art in charge of Undertaker John G. Heus Several Units of Fort Lee P.-T. Ass’n to Meet Jan. 11 Plans being arranged for th< informal^ get-together social whicl the several 'units o£ the Parent Teachers’ Association of Fort Let will have in School No. 1 on Janu ary 11. It is-the purpose of the par ents and teachers of the borough tc bring all who are vitally interested in the organization together socially in the hope of promoting greater co operation between parents of school children and the teachers. On Janu ary 11 such an opportunity will be afforded, and it is expected that many will attend the meeting. An enter tainment program will be a feature ol the occasion. Budget Meeting ‘A private meeting of the Fort Lee Borough Council was held Mopday night to consider the making of the budget for 1926. SPLENDID XMAS ENTERTAINMENT GIVEN IN CLIFFSIDE PARK HIGH SCHOOL LAST TUESDAY EVENING Performance Ran Smoothly and Was Especially Appro priate—Last Year’s Pantomime, “A Woman on a City Street,” Was Repeated by Request—Whole Affair a Credit to the Community. The Community Christmas enter tainment of Cliffside Park in its High School Tuesday evening last will he remembered for its high class features so beautifully adapted to the religious anniversary observed. Each artist rose to the occasion and gave of his or her best, and the hour and a half program was one of de lightful performance. The evening opened with a violin solo, Liebesfreud (Kreisler) by Doro thy Donaldson Caliandro, accompanied by her sister, Helen Donaldson, at the piano, and an encore number was also given to the appreciative audience. Then came the play, “A Christmas Chime,” presented by the local Com munity Players, Mrs. George Beck man directing the cast of Miss Cam Hoke, Mr. Allen Carson and Mr. and Mrs. Cortlandt Donaldson, a cute lit tle play with every one kno'wing per fectly his or her part. Madame Blanche Arral Wheeler, ac companied at the piano by Lillie Le Clerq, with violin obligato by Dorothy Caliandro, rendered a song and two encores in response to insistent en cores from an audience appreciative of the lovely voice which has won highest honors in every court in Eu rope. The pantomime, "A Woman on a City Street,” was repeated toy request from last year, accompanied with the reading by Mrs. Jean Peedie of the poem written especially for the Woman’s Club of Cliffside Park by the celebrated writer, Margaret Sang ster, and the dramatization was even 'jnore effective than last year, the same ■M^^embers taking the principal James Akin as the Ma A aonna, Mrs* vv. j. Mcuonaia as me Woman on the Street. The passersby—volunteers from the club membership—were Mrs. P. Dil lon, Mrs. H. Everett, Mrs. M. Conroy, Mrs. E. Manahan, Mrs. Charles Reeve and Mrs. Thygeson, and the Shep herds, Dr. White, Mr. Everett and Mr. Siegrist, little Ruth Peedie and Paula Everett acting as Angels. Preceding the Christmas offering, Mrs. George Hall, president of the Woman’s Club, which arranged this entertainment, gave a little resume of the two year history of the Com munity Christmas tree and entertain ment, full of good will and co-opera tion from the community except for the one blot of theft each year of some of the electric bulbs from the outdoor tree, theft which is increasing in num bers each year. It is expected that next year will see a permanent, growing tree sur rounded by a fence. The offering was over $40. The program closed with a harp and violin duet by Vivien Don aldson and her sister Dorothy; ther with lights all out, except one on the stage, that ever beautiful and mosl appealing Christmas carol was playec by the lovely harp and violin com blnation, the audience singing one verse with it; then leaving the duel alone to close the program for the people who had only praise for the whole program, which was most lit tingly introduced and closed outdoor! at the entrance by the big brilliantly illuminated community tree, which hai helped each season to bring into closet touch and real co-operation both th< foreign born and American member! of our community. ■ Si; The Exchange Club of Cliffside Park held its regular weekly meeting Tues day at noon. That the club Is really conscientious about its drive to se cure better telephone listings for sub- ' r scribers in Cliffside Park became man- • ifest when it was announced that the guest of the day at this luncheon was Mr. Charles McGowan, representing the New York Telephone Company. After being introduced by Mayor Marini as a man who is doing a big job and doing it well Mr. McGowan arose and in a clear, concise, well di rected talk pointed out clearly that his company is striving day and night to relieve the congestion in Cliffside Park. Mr. McGowan reported to the mem bers of the Exchange Club that the club plan for better listing has been submitted by him to the office of the traffic manager and that, while he would not promise anything, he feels reasonably sure that his recommenda tion for Cliffside Park will be accepted favorably. ine speaker referred to the growth In the telephone facilities in the Cliff side exchange and traced this growth. from the period during the war until the present "time. He pointed out. what a great task It has been to han dle the telephone situation and also that a greater task his company faces in relieving conditions for the future. At present all lines throughout the borough are taxed to the limit, and for that reason it is difficult to make the public realize that that is their reason for not being able to grant new telephone privileges. Mr. McGowan showed that from a percentage,^., ndpoln^^e Cliff sida telephone exchange is onSTft th«'i»eav* iest toll users (paid calls) in thestatpX The centra J office must be enlarged and new main lines must be laid be fore any new telephones may be grant ed. This work, Mr. McGowan pointed out, is being contemplated by his com pany on his own recommendation. The speaker outlined the enormous amount of detail necessary in connec-' tion with installing new home tele phones, proving to his audience why delays in such installations are abso lutely unavoidable. He asked the peo ples’ indulgence in the work of the telephone operators, explaining that each operator in our local exchange has probably 100 to 125 calls at one time to handle, and these calls must be passed as quickly as possible. Mr. McGowan gave figures showing that the Cliffside exchange passes 18,000 outgoing calls a day, between 8,000 and 9,000 incoming calls and about 1,500 regular trunk line calls. He pointed out that should a person 're-., ceivlng a call be "cut off” the best' £ 3 thing to do is to "hang up” and wait to be called back, but if you are “cdt off” while making the call yourself then call back the operator. This plan avoids much confusion. It was also brought out that an operator cannot always give calls when asked for be cause of lack of a sufficient number of trunk lines and that such condition can be remedied only by new lines and is not the operator’s fault. Mr. McGowan’s talk was fine and very well directed, throwing much light on the telephone situation. The talk was greeted by a rising vote of thanks by the members. Mr. B. Duncan McClave was also a guest at this meeting, but the time was too short to call Mr. McClave to speak. The candy committee, which pre sented each orphan home with two tubs of Christmas candy, was dismiss ed with thanks. The committee on welcome signs reported progress and that the signs will soon be erected. Public Service Gets Bus Permit in Edgewater After being on the council lire for some months, the bus question in Edgewater was decided with the granting of a permit to the Public Service Bus Company to operate a bus line along the River road. The buses are to be placed in opera tion on or before January 15, and are to run on a ten-minute schedule from 6:30 o’clock in the morning until 12:30 o’clock at night. The company agreed to live up to all borough ordi nances pertaining to the operation of buses, and said that it planned to put three buses in operation before the time stipulated in the permit. Mayor Wissel said that it is prob able that the county would Improve River road with a permanent im provement next spring, between the tunnel bridge and the 125th street ferry, and that the clerk had been authorized to write to the Board of Freeholders and ask them to repair the River road from the ferry north to the borough line, as this portion of the roadway is in poor condition and in need of immediate repairs. - % :y\ yy,,. mm •• v.;^v