Arizona republican. [volume], July 24, 1919, Image 1

About Arizona republican. [volume] (Phoenix, Ariz.) 1890-1930

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E ARIZONA . REFUEL1
AN INDEPENDENT PROGRESSIVE JOURNAL
THIRTIETH YEAR ' 14 PAGES
PHOENIX, ARIZONA, THURSDAY MORNING, JULY 24, 1919
li PAGES
VOL. XXX., NO. 88
TH
IGAN
i if 1 liilEa i htm V lbyiiuulrijiiyuulJit
; . - 1 " ;
LEHE FIELD;
HEPDRTS SSI
Carranza Statements Tend
to Indicate Conditions are
Improving Rapidly Ex
plain Recent Outrages
K.I, PASO, July 23. Martin Ipoz.
Villa's second in command, has asked
the federal government for amnesty for
himself and his command, General
Manuel Pieguez announced in Chihua
hua City, accordig to Americans who
arrived here today. Lopez has been
operating around Parral recently, they
said.
No Americans have been captured
or killed by Villa in the state of Chi
huahua, since the American expedition
crossed to Juarez June 15, the Amer
icans said. The only American prop
erty destroyed by Villa were two
bridges on the Mexico Northwestern
railroad near San Andres, Chihuahua,
when Villa captured that town, and
banned eight, including Major de la
Tlosa, commander of the home guards.
One thousand state constabulary are
being recruited from among the home
guards by Gen. Ignario Knriquez to
police the state, according to the Amer
icans. These will be picked troops and
will he paid by the state government.
They will be dispatched to the Jimenez-Parral
district as soon as organized
to free that district from armed bands
-who have been robbing and killing
automobile passengers going between
Parral and Jimenez
General Pieguez is in the field in
rommand of his troops, which include
ft number of Yaqui and Mayo Indians.
They are operating in southwestern
Chihuahua with airplanes acting as
Scouts. Americans arriving here con
firmed the report that aviators bombed
a part of Gen. Pablo Quiroga's federal
infantry, killing 2ft.
Diaz Leaves Field
WASHINGTON. July 23. Closely
following announcement from Mexico
that Villa, and Angeles had disbanded
their revolutionary forces, the Mexican
embassy tortiy received word that Felix
T'iaz. anolher revolutionist had aban
doned his campaign against the Car
ranza government and that Luis Guti
errez, another leader, has surrendered
with his force.
The acting secretary of foreign af
fairs, reported federal troops, pursuing
the perpetrators of the Correll murder
ami killed tour of them.
Official Mexican Version
MEXICO CITY. July 23. Official
accounts of the robbing of American
pallors from the U. S. S. Cheyenne July
6 and of deaths of Americans were
piven out today by Gen. Juan Barragan,
htef of the presidential staff, in the
form of governmental dispatches. One
of these stated that the sailors went
tip the river Temesi into rebel terri
tory. General Barracan also announced
that tomorrow there would be made
public " various documents belonging to
the archives of the bandit Villa" re
covered in Juarez, and including "a
letter addressed to Villa by Colonel
Charleii F. Hunt( offering Villa a visit
by Senator Fall and others" in an effort
to aid Villa's campaign.
Among the dispatches furnished by
Gen. Barragan to the Associated Press
was one from Gen. Gonzales regarding
the Cheyenne case, in which the chief
of the, Tampico garrison says:
Says Sailors Were Imprudent
"This was due to their (the Ameri
can sailors') imprudence, for without
advising with the Mexican military
headquarters, where they could have
learned how far they could have passed
palely up the river Tamesi, they ven
tured beyond the last outpost into rebel
territory and were robbed of one watch
E. little' mon"y and their shoes."
General Gonzales reports that he has
called the attention of the American
consul to this fact nd also that he
lias given orders that nobody shall pass
the last Mexican outposts in the future.
The killing of Hiram Hughes, an
American, near Tampico on July 9 oc
curred, according to the Gonzalez dis
patches, after Hughes, while intoxi
cated, bad insulted a passerby and had
been arrested. Asked if he carried
arms. Hughes is alleged to have replied
in the negative, but a gendarme found
a pistol in his pocket. Hughes is then
declared to have shot the gendarme in
the hand and was himself mortally
wounded in the ensuing struggle.
Promises Action
The death of i'eter Catron (on or
about July 71 is blamed by Gen. Gon
zalez on Catron's neighbors, who
robbed him of cattle. The names of
the. slayers are known and Gonzalez
has promised their early capture.
The statement given out by Gen.
Barragan concludes as follows:
"Tomorrow there will be made pub
lic various documents belonging to the
archives) of the bandit, Francisco Villa,
which were recovered in Juarez in the
last fight in that city. Among these
documents appears a letter addressed
to Villa by Charles F. Hunt offering
Villa a visit by Senator Fall and other
persons, to confer with him (Villa) for
the purpose of helping to push to suc
ress the campaign against the present
Mexican government, and the reply
given by Villa,
"These documents are very important
for Senator Fall is of those who have
been working hardest against our gov
ernment in the American senate."
WASHINGTON, July 23. "They are
liars of course, as usual," said Senator
Kali, of New Mexico, tonight when
shown Mexico City dispatches an
nouncing that a letter purporting 1o
offer overtures to Francisco Villa
through the Senator was to be made
public tomorrow in the Mexican capi
tal. The New Mexico senator said that
without his consent or approval, the
(Continued on Pace Two)
Germans Outline
Plan for Paying
War Indemnities
Republican A. P. Leased Wire
BERLIN, July 23. Germany1! fi
nancial program calling for the
raising of 25,000,000,000 marks an
nually, agreed upon by Mathias
Erzberger, minister of finance, and
a group of experts, was published
today by the North German Ga
zette. Eight billion marks will be ob
tained by war taxes, according to
the Gazette. The remaining 17,
000,000,000 must be raised from
other sources. The first of these
will be a heavy increase in the tax
on business turnovers. The second
is called "the imperial sacrifice to
needs." The third will be on the
necessaries of life.
An important part of program
will be the imperial income tax
which will be a tax on profits from
invested capital.
Minister Erzberger told the ex
perts Germany must pay the allies
20.000,000,000 marks gold by May 1,
1920. He said this could be done,
as the amounts already credited
Germany by the allies for various
accounts form an important part
of the required total.
CHAr.9il.9WMs ABE
FIGHTERS II NORTH
SPOKANK, July 23. Fires that f,or
weeks have been burning in the na
tional and privately owned forests in
Montana, Idaho and Washington, again
today endangered two Montana towns,
St. Regis and Stark. Only sudden
changes in the wind saved the towns,
reports to the federal forest service
headquarters stated.
With hundreds of forest fires burn
ing, forest service officials believed
a change for the better was in pros
pect, with the predicted end of the
present hot weather followed by thun
dershowers forecast by the weather
bureau.
The most dangerous fires in the dis
trict were on Gold creek, near St.
Regis, and in the Cabinet forest, near
Thompson Falls.
The flames were close to the towns.
The Gold creek control lines were lost
during the high winds yesterday, al
though the fire fighters managed to
hold the eastern end. Reinforcements
were put on the fire today.
The forest service estimated 400.000"
acres of land to have been burned over
during the present season, 230,000
acres in Montana and 130.000 acres in
Idaho. The damage in Montana was
estimated at $335,000, and it was said
"0,000.000 feet of timber have been de
stroyed in Montana and 75.000.000 feet
in Idaho.
The Henderson fire in the Lolo for
est, burning over a front of 25 miles,
broke through the control lines at two
points early today, running a half mile
up Mullan gulch and a half mile tow
ard Nine-Mile. The Nigger Gulch
blaze in the Lolo forest swept north
ward to the vicinity of Stark.
One of the worst outbreaks of the
fires was reported on Hughes creek on
the west fork of the Bitter Root river.
The fire advanced six miles yesterday,
burning over many acres of timber.
More men were sent to fight the Rat
tlesnake fire, which was considered
beyond control.
Forest fires were reported also from
western Washington and points in
Oregon.
G.O.P. WONT INCREASE
WASHINGTON, July 23. Enlarge
ment of the republican legislative
steering committee was voted down
tonight at a party conference. Pro
posals to increase the committee from
five to seven and from five to nine
members each were disapproved by
margin of ten votes or more.
Representative Johnson, South Da
kota, proposed the addition of four
committeemen, but was defeated 84 to
74. An amendment offered by Repre
sentative Smith, Illinois, to add two
members, also was defeated.
A recess of a month beginning in
August, was practically agreed on by
the conference, but the date of begin
ning it, and the legislative program to
be carried out before then were left U
the steering committee for decision.
The republican leaders also expect to
order an investigation by the foreign
affairs committee into the Mexican
situation and into the operations and
expenses of the shipping board and
emergency fleet corporation.
AGRICULTURAL BILL,
MINUS REPEAL RIDER,
PASSES THE SENATE
WASHINGTON, Feb. 23. The sen
ate late today passed the $34,000,000
agricultural appropriation bill which
recently was vetoed by the president
because of the rider for the repeal of
the daylight saving law. No effort to
restore the rider was made in the sen
ate. Senators . made no criticisms of
the president's veto.
The bill will be returned (to the
house tomorrow with a single minor
committee amendment approved today
by the senate providing relief -for
western drouth sufferers by suspend
ing the homestead residence require
ments. Because of universal desire to pro
vide funds in the bill for the depart
ment of agriculture's many activities
and salaries held up since January 1,
senate discussion of the bill was brief.
Western senators particularly urged
all possible haste to provide funds for
the forestry service ia fighting forest
fires.
FAVORABLE 0 FIRE
STEERING COMMITTEE
TWO
STRIKE OF 11
REFLECTS SERIOUS
DOMESTIC POSITION
Engli?h Coal Workers to the
Number of 250,000 Leave
Positions No' Signs of
Settlement
Republican A. P. Leased Wire
LONDON, July 23. The fourth day
of the great coal miners' strike brought
no signs of a settlement. Almost
230.000 men have laid down their tools.
Ten thousand men went out today In
Nottingham and Derby, while 10,000
in Monmouth and 7,500 Lancashire
workers went back to save the mines
from destruction but coupling with
their return a strong protest.
Premier Lloyd George and several
members of the cabinet conferred with
the mine owners today. The premier
will meet the officers of the miners'
federation tomorrow.
Sir Eric GeddeS went to Leeds with
a retinue of officials but announced
his mission was only for the protec
tion of the mines against flooding and
for the direction of sailors engaged
in pumping.
Soldiers will be used to protect the
sailors working at the mines.
The use of the military for any pur
pose in connection with strikes is a '
policy which the unions oppose bit
terly and have made their opposition
one' of the chief planks in their plat
form. Thu aiinnre bv a labor paper re
cently of a secret circular which the
war office sent to officers, asking what
would be the attitude of the soldiers
in the event they were canea upon
Tor strike breaking has produced a
great senation in labor circles.
There is no doubt that' Lloyd
George's government ht met a serious
situation in domestic affairs. Premier
and other officials wore serious faces
today.
David Lloyd George's genius hith
erto has been shown in ability for
compromises. Now he is placed be
tween two opposing forces whose in
terests are in direct opposition. The
miners, who constitute the strongest
organized labor body in the country,
are determined upon the nationaliza
tion of the mines; the coal owners
seem equally determined to maintain
their property rights. Moreover, 300
members of the premier's coalition
party in the commons have signed a
strong protest against nationalization
as a principle.
In a talk to newspapermen at Leeds,
Sir Eric Geddes used strong words.
He said:
"The government is .determined that
all the resources of the state, whether
they are resources of citizens or armed
forces of the crown, shall be used to
prevent ruin to the community. Be
cause, if those mines are flooded, it
will cause great unemployment and
for many months will prevent the out
put of coal which the industries of the
country need to keep them from being
ruined.
. "It is not to take any part in the
fighting of the strike that we are here,
but to save the life of the nation as
far as we can. I feel, and the govern
ment feels, that those who advocated
the policy of stopping pumping at the
mines have not realized the length to
which it might go."
At Bradford, most of the textile mills
will close by the week end for lack
of coal. The Doncaster town council
has decided to suspend the tramway
service Saturday for want of coal.
Sheffield reports that the number of
steel and iron workers idle has greatly
increased; thousands of workers are
in the streets and there is little hope
that any large firms will carry on after
the week end.
!
t J? J" Situation ' Wi. -.Tpfe; ,
THOROUGHFARE
Famous Mules
are Cause of
Suit in North
PRESCOTT, July 23. The Au
brey Investment' company, of
which President A. A. Johns of the
state senate is secretary, today
brought suit in the superior court
of Yavapai county against the
state of Arizona to collect the un
paid balance of $12,477 on a road
construction outfit which was sub
mitted to the state for sale and
turned down by the old commis
sion of state institutions.
The complaint recites the steps
leading to the drawing of a con
tract between the state and the
company in December, 1918, and
alludes to an inspection and the
acceptance by the former state en
gineer's staff, the delivery of the
material at a railroad ' siding in
Yavapai county and an initial pay
ment of $3,000.
The controversy between the
company and the commission of
state institutions broke out sev
eral months ago, when the then
commisshion of state institutions
charged that the livestock included
in the deal was not up to standard
and repudiated the agreement.
Correspondence between the
commission and the company en
sued, until recently the commis
sion, before it gave place to the
board of directors for state institu
tions, wrote the company threat
ening to sell the stock and equip
ment to cover expenses if a point
was not designated without delay
at which the entire outfit could be
turned back on the company's
hands.
-o '
Republican A. P. ueased Wire
WASHINGTON. July 23. Admission
that American soldiers, held In prisons
and camps in and near Paris, suffered
brutalities for which several minor of
ficers were convicted on the court mar
tial proceedings was obtained from
General March chief of staff, today by
a tpecial house war investigating
committee.
The prisoners, as far the records
snowed, were held because of absence
without leave late last year from their
mi'itary units and a cablegram from
General Pershing sent three days ago
frtm Paris declared "some of these
men were among the hardest char
acters in the American expeditionary
forces."
General Pershing's cablegram dis
closed the conviction against four of
fiers at prison farm No. 2 and Its ad
joining stockade. Two of the officers,
it said, were imprisoned after being
fcuud guilty by court martial. Con
viction of four other officers was dis
closed by reports of Brigadier General
Edward A. Kreger, acting judge ad
vocate general.
Lieut. Frank H. Smith, the well
known "hard boiled" officer in charge
of farm No. 2, it was disclosed, is serv
ing an 18 months sentence at Govern
or's island, Because of his maltreat
ment of prisoners.
Smith, the chief of staff explained,
came from Kentucky, and was sent to
Europe after he had tried to get a
commission in the Philippine scouts.
Smith's original sentence of three
years was reduced by reviewing
authorities.
o
NEW FIRES FOLOW STORM
PORTLAND. Ore., July 22. Numer
ous new forest and brush fires were
reported today from various parts of
Oregon, following severe thunder and
lightning storms.
CRUELTIES TO W
PRISONERS OVERSEAS
ADMinEDBY MARCH
'V;
Ua
Si1
'I Won't Work' Tendency of
Wobby Organization Is
Brought to Light in Ex
aminations at D o u g 1 a s
Yesterday
Republican A. P. Leased Wire
DOUGLAS, Ariz., July 23. Novel
views on methods for the adjustment
of labor difficulties featured the pre
liminary hearings here today of "Mike"
Cunningham, Bisbee pioneer banker;
Jim Boyd, a shift boss and Fred Santer
a mine foreman charged with kidnap
ing in connection with the alleged
deportations from Bisbee two years
ago.
Although the courtroom was crowded
with spectators when the case against
Cunningham was called tnis morning,
the hearing proved uneventful except
for the testimony of George Wiercinski
a native of Russia, who was one of
the men deported July 12, 1917. Wrier
ciniski, a witness for the state, testi
fied to having seen the Bisbee banker
armed, ride past him in an automobile
on the day of the deportation, but said
that Cunningham had nothing to do
with putting him among the deportees
in Bisbee or placing him on' the train
that took the 1,100 deported men to
Columbus, New Mexico.
Strong For Easy Life
The witness said he had joined the
I. W. W. during the strike. He testi
fied that he and several other de
portees remained in Columbus for t4
days because ihey were given food and
lodging free. When asked by counsel
for the defense if he would have been
willing to remain in Columbus forever
if these conditions had continued.
Wriercinski provoked a ripple of
laughter by answering "Certainly."
Fred W. Brown, who swore to the
blanket warrant against the 250 Bis-
I 1 nn,,.l.. Mn Ti.itl,
IMJC LI1U LfUUglUH IllCIl UlaiKCU null
kidnaping and Mrs. Kate Bercellino,
whose brother was deported, also testi-
fied to having seen the banker with a
gun July 12. Other than armed guards,
they said, they saw Cunningham take
no active part in the deportations.
During the hearing of Boyd this af
ternoon, Tim McCarthy, another state's
witness, who testified tnat he had
worked but a few days since, 1912 but
was a strong friend of labor, declared
that he had become a member of the
I. W. D. after the deportations because
he thought it was time that the labor
ing men "met violence with violence"
and he wanted to help out the work
ing man. He expressed the belief that
labor and capital had absolutely noth
ing in common.
The I Won't Work Motto
Questioned as to his attitude on
speeches made during the strike period
here by an I. W. W. organizer named
Clark, McCarthy said he had heard
Clark urge the men to strike soon for
a six hour day and then urged that
a strike for a four day and a third
strike for a two hour day be brought
about. McCarthy said he did not
agree with Clark and expressed the be
lief that labor would save much time
by striking for the two hour day first.
Both McCarthy and Clifford Linn, a
member of the I. W. W, stated that
they had hoped the Bisbee strike which
preceded the deportations would be
prosecuted until the production of
copper was stopped, if necessary.
Linn 'stated that he believed the I.
W. W. the "only labor organization
worth joining" and for that reason had
been an active member of it since De
cember, 1917.
A score of witnesses were called
during the day who testified to having
seen Cunningham, Boyd and Santner
with rifles on the day of the deporta
tions. On cross examination by the
(Continued on Page Two.)
3 j u. .
LIFE AT COLUMBUS
WAS WORTH LIVING
DECLARES WITNESS
ading Advocate
tification Suggests Action on Six Vital
Points to Assure AcceptanceCriti
cizes Wilson for Partisan Dealings
WASHINGTON, July 23. A plan for "interpreta
tions" in senate acceptance .of the league of nations has
been suggested by former President Taft in the hope of
uniting on a middle ground enough democrats and repub
lican senators to defeat any radical amendment of the
covenant and in the end obtain its ratification.
The suggestion has been received with earnest con
sideration by the group of republicans who favor the
league idea and who already are at work on a definite
program of interpretative reservations which declare they
have reason to believe will be accepted by the administra
tion. The administration leaders, however, unwilling to
concede that any reservations will be necessary, still insist
they will have the votes when the time comes to ratify the
covenant as it is. ,
Supporters Are Confident
So confident are the league supporters of their plan
that some of them believe President Wilson will publicly
accept it to smooth the way for acceptance of the league.
Some republican senators who have seen the president in
the last few days have come away from the White House
with the impression that Mr. Wilson, while not encourag
ing reservations if they can be avoided, might not be
averse to such interpretations as would leave the league
fabric unimpaired.
Mr Taft's suggestion, which created
a sensation because of his well known
advocacy of unreserved ratification
was embodied in two letters to Will
Hays, the republican national chair
man ' They touched upon many fea
tures of treaty controversy and em
phasized the former presidents belief
that onlv by acceptance of some res
ervations could the treaty be ratified.
Six Reservations Necessary
Six specific interpretation proposals
are outlined which Mr. Taft says he is
convinced will meet the objections ot
a large group of republicans who favor
a league. He counts 45 democratic
senators as supporting the president in
the treaty fight and says that should
three republicans be committed to vote
against material amendments no such
proposals could receive a senate ma
jority. . . '
Tk. fnrmtr nresident suggested to
Mr. Hays that his name be withheld for
the present from connection with the
interpretation plan as it might anta
gonize some senators of his party.
Chairman Lodge of the foreign rota
tions committee, who is named in that
connection, declined today to make any
comment on the Taft letter.
Criticizes Partisan Action
Mr. Taft also has written some of
the republican senators, who, under
the leadership of Senator McCumber,
North Dakota, and McN'ary. Oregon,
have been interested in formulating a
middle course for solution of the senate
situation. It is understood that Sen
ators Kellogg, Minnesota, Colt Rhode
Island and Spencer, Missouri, also have
been consulted in the interests of such
a plan.
In one of his letters, to Mr. Hays,
Mr. Taft severely criticized President
Wilson for what he termed his partisan
course during the war and in the peace
negotiations and in the other gave the
impression that no serious opposition
is to be feared to any portion of the
peace treaty except the league coven
ant. The Shantung provision, he wrote,
had been the subject of "deliberate ex
aggeration." "While the letters were being cir
culated among republican senators to
day the fit st public expression of the
Shantung settlement came from the
white house in the form of a statement
declaring "altogether false" published
reports that the president had formu
lated - the provision. The statement
continued that Mr.-Wilson had "ex
erted all the influence he was at lib
erty to exercise in the circumstances'
to secure modification of the Shan
tung peninsular plan to Japan.
The president's statement was ac
cented as precluding any likelihood
that Mr. Wilson could defend the
Shantung provision except on the
ground of expediency.
Salient Points Involved
The two letters to Mr. Hays, copies
of which were received here today, do
not outline definitely the six interpre-
i "vi vu.i.ii J
I unions suggested by Mr. Taft but they
! are referred to as having been con-
tained in a previous unpublished com
munication. These six stipulations are
understood 'to be substantially as fol
lows :
One: That upon two years' notice the
United States could cease to be a mem
ber of the league without having the
league pass upon whether she had ful
filled all her obligations under the
covenant." .
Two: That self governed colonies
and dominions could not be repre
sented on the league council at the
same time with the mother govern
ment or be included in any of those
clauses where the parties to the dis
pute are excluded from its settlement.
Three: That the functioning of the
council under Article X shall be ad
visory only and that each member shall
be left free to determine questions of
war in its own way, the decision of
the United States resting .with con
gress. Four: That differences between the
nations regarding immigration, the
tariff apd other domestic questions
shall not be left to the league for
settlement.
Five: That the Monroe doctrine is
to be reserved Jpr administration by
the United States.
Six: That the United States reserves
the right to withdraw unconditionally
at the end of ten years or at least to
terminate then her obligations under
Article X.
These interpretations, Mr. Taft wrote
could be made without weakening the
covenant. ' The argument of adminis
tration senators against inclusion of
any such provisions in the ratifica
tion has been, however, that any quali
fication at all would necessitate re
negotiation with the other nations and
encourage them to adopt reservations.
Senators Have Copies
A program o interpretations to be
of Unreserved Ra
included in senate ratification of th
peace treaty in order to insure sup
port of the republicans favorable to
a league idea is suggested in letters
from Foryier President Taft to Will
H. Hays, republican national chair
man, copies of which are in the hand?
of some of the republican senators.
The letters suagest six "inlerpreta ,
tions" covering the right of withdrawal
limiting the representation of domin
ions and colonies, asserting the pre
rogative of Congress to declare war
under Article 10. confirming national
control over domestic issues, defining
the Monroe Doctrine, and reserving the
right to terminate obligations under
Article 10 at the end of ten years.
Mr. Taft wrote that these interpre
tations would not weaken the league
covenant, but would, he believed, as
sure ratification. He suggested tnai
be should not appear puulkly at this
time.
Mr. Taft's Letter
The letters follow:
"My Dear Mr. Hays:
In what I said yesterday I did not
go over the various interpretations and
reservations because I thought they
were insufficiently explained. I think
it wise now, that t have formulated
them, after a good deal of thought, to
take up my reasons in detail for sug
gesting them.
"Speaking generally, I wish to em
phasize my conviction that the United
States Senate might well ratify the
present treaty, without any reserva
tions or interpretations. I am confi
dent that the actual operation of the
treaty after ratification would bring
about exactly the same result as that
which would be attained by the ac
ceptance of these interpretations and
reservations, but it seems to me to rife
the pari of statesmen to recognize the
exigencies, personal, partisan and po
litical, of a situation in seeking to
achieve real progress and reform.
Wilson Alone Responsible
"The situation which confronts tif
now in reference to the ratification of
the treaty is one created by very seri
ous mistakes of policy committed by
Mr. Wilson. The partisan character of
his administration during the war, to
gether with his appeal to his country
men to elect a democratic congress in
November, 1918, created a condition of
personal and political antagonism to
ward him among republican leaders
which was shared by a majority of the
American people. This was shown in
the results of the election. Notwith
standing this. Mr. Wilson persisted in
continuing ' the same partisan exclu
sion of republicans in dealing with the
highly important matter of settling the
results of the war. He selected a com
mission in which the republicans Jiad
no representation and in which there
were no prominent Americans' of anv
real experience and leadership of pub
lic opinion. With such a commission,
his unusual course in going abroad
himself, as president, greatly empha
sized the personal element in the fram
ing of the treaty and intensified the
general tendency to oppose anything
that he might bring home, because of
his apparent wish to dictate the policy
of the world and to monopolize the
credit for it.
"I feel that some of the defects of
the league of nations are due to him.
I am confidant that he prevented the
adoption of the plan of the league to
enforce peace in respect to an interna
tional court and the settlement of jus
ticiable questions. This was," as I am
advised, in the English plan, but was
studiously omitted from the very sat
isfactory plan. His prejudice against
courts is well known. Article X. I
think, is due to him primarily, because
it is merely the embodiment of the last
of his fourteen points. While It came
from his suggestion, however, it suited
the demands of the French, so far as it
went, and I believe it to be now the
heart of the league in tending to unite
the forces of the world in police duty to
suppress wars of conquest. 4
- Must Retain Article X
"The power of amendment contained
with the terms of the league offers full
opportunity to remedy the defects of
the league with reference to the inter
national court and in other respects.
The great point which supporters of
the league of nations now would seek
is the establishment of a basis upon
which, through amendment, the league
can be perfected. It is absolutely ncc-.
essary to retain Article X in order to
stabilize the world. The fluid condi
tion of the region of the war threatens
the stability of the world, and it needs
the united forces of the world to re
store a normal condition of self-maintenance.
In my judgment, therefore, It
would be most unfortunate if the cau
tionary influence of Article X may not
t