Newspaper Page Text
f r E ARIZONA CA AN INDEPENDENT PROGRESS! VE JOURNAL t PHOENIX, ARIZONA, THURSDAY MORNING, All JtlT 19, 1920 14 PAGES VOL. XXXI., NO. 114 THIRTY-FIRST YEAR 14 PAGES 4J IrlL.ij BJUL TE .1 'I I 4 I. ( V n FRANCE FRENCH NOTE IN REPLY TO COLBY EMPHASISES 0. S. VIEW ON RUSSIA Recognition of .Wrangle Only Divergence Between Two Nations; Will Not Recognize Reds Republican A. P. Leased Wire WASHINGTON, Aug. 18 The American and French governments are in agreement in principle as to the future of Poland and Russia, Secretary Colby declared today in a statement interpreting France's rejoinder ot the American note to Italy. His statement accompanied publica tion of the translation of the French note, which was delivered to the state department August 14 by Prince de Beam, the French charge. France's declaration "of its opposi toin to the dismemberment of Russia," is "most gratifying," Mr. Colby said, and added: "The response is a notable declara tion from every viewpoint and brings to the position taken by the United States a striking emphasis and power ful support." The secretary referred to French rec ognition of General Wrangel in South Russia as a "divergence" between the two governments on one point, but said the United States was "disposed to re gard the declared agreement of France with the principles of the United States as of more signifance than any diver gence of policy involved in the specific action of France in this respect." ' France Agrees With U. S. Following is the translation of the note of the French t government as given out by the state department: "Air. Secretary of State: "The president of the council and minister of foreign affairs, having taken cognizance of th6 not relative to Russia addressed by His I'-fCc'l1 ' C, the Secretary of State, -to ! ' s : lency, the ambassador c ' charged me to inform Yotfr - ..... i that he has learned with' satisfaction that the government of the republic is in entire agreement with the federal government as regards the principles . formulated in this document. "The government of the republic is of the same opinion as the federal government, concerning the present rules of Russia. As Your Excellency expressed it, they are not 'in power by the will or the consent of a consider able portion of the Russian people, but represent a small minority of the nation. They have seized power by force and by trickery; during the two and a half years that they have re tained power, meanwhile subjecting the country to savage oppression, the have not authorized popular elections On the contrary, they have put ob stacles in the way of the creation ot a popular representative government based on universal suffrage. Events have proved that the present system of government in Russia is founded on the denial of every principle of honor and good faith, and of all the usages and conventions which are the basis of relations between nations and individuals. The responsible heads of this regime have frequently and openly boasted of being ready to sign agreements and contracts with foreign powers without having the least in tention of observing them. They claim that no contract or agreement con cluaea witn non-boishevist govern ments can bind them morally. Soviet Word Not Binding "After having proclaimed this doc trine, they have applied. They have declared they would foment revolution ary movements in other countries, in order there to establish bolshevlst re gimes. Furthermore, they recognize that they are themselves subject to the control of a political faction hav ing international ramifications and they have boasted that their promises a of on-intervention in other countries would in no case be binding on the agents or this organization. "Ail these judgments of the Ameri can government are absolutely true (Continued on Page Two) A Vegetable Cook Book Free Many housewives know how to prepare only two or three vege tables, with the result that many delicious foods of this class are never seen on their tables THE UNITED STATES GOV ERNMENT has issued a splen did pamphlet on PREPARING VEGETABLES. It contains a scientific discussion of the value of vegetables as food, and recipes for the preparation of all varieties. A copy will be sent free to any reader of The Republican. Use the coupon. Write plainly). Frederic J. Haskin, Director, THE ARIZONA REPUBLICAN Information Bureau, Washington. D. C. I enclose herewith two cents In stamps for return postage on a free copy of "Preparation of Vegetables." Name Street City State NATIONS IN WHICH Isle of Man. . 1881 New Zealand !893 Australia 1902 Finland 1906 Norway - 1907 Denmark 1915 Mexico 1917 Russia 1917 Poland .. 1918 Ireland 1918 Scotland 1918 Wales 1918 Austria 1918 THE MARCH OF TIME Colonial Period Under several colonial governments women voted. American Revolution "yeomen demanded to be included in government. Abigail Adams wrote to her husband, John Adams, "If women are not rep resented in this new republic, there will be another revolution." In 1843 Woman's rights convention at Seneca Falls, New York, arranged by Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton,. the first big suffrage demon stration in this country. In 1872 Miss Susan B. Anthony made the test in 1872 of voting at the polls. She was arrested, refused to pay her fine, but was never jailed. In 1875 Miss Anthony drafted the Woman Suffrage amendment, which reads: "The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex." n -J878 Amendment introduced in Senate by Senator Sargent of Cali fornia. State Campaigns By the end of 1912 women had won the right to vote in nine states. Wyoming (1869), Colorado, Utah and Idaho (1894), Wash ington (1910), California (1911). and Kansas, Arizona and Oregon (1912). n 1913 The women of Illinois won state ana presidential suffrage. In 1914, the wome,n of Montana and Nevada were enfranchised; in 1917, the women of New York, and in 1918, the women of Oklahoma, South Dakota and Michigan. Organization of the National Woman's Party When the National Wom an's party, then called the Congressional Union, was organized in 1913 to concentrate on a campaign for federal amendment, no action or even debate on the federal amendment had taken place in Congress since 1887. Politicians were opposed and political party platforms silent about the amendment. Soviet Leader Says Reds Have Fulfilled Task (ReDubllcan A. P. Leased Wire MOSCOW, Aug. 18 Soviet Rus- . sia's position on both the Polish and South Russian Yronts was pronounced "generally satisfac tory" by Leon Trotzky, bolshevik was minister, in ah address today before thi Moscow soviet. ;": 'i l")!-!) !' - "" -y u.UU'uwi iiA.V6vtu!f,.a the fund-" amental part of their task. The holding up of our advanced troops before Warsaw in no way alters the affairs, ail the more as the Polish front is divided into two parts military and diplomatic and possesses two centers one in Warsaw and the other in Minsk. "The peace negotiations at Minsk are of exceptional import ance, because they are developing on the- unstable foundation of a stormy movement among the workers. Great Britain also is pass ing through an unheard of display of excitement among her workers in connection with the peace ne gotiations between Russia and Poland. "On General Wrangel's front we are opening the gates wide to our enemies, but we will assault them in the flank and rear. The fate of the revolution will be decided on the Polish front. This is why we have concentrated our forces in the west and are only leaving p.osts on the southern front to hold up Wrangel's advance." COLUMBUS, Ohio. Aug. 18. The Ohio public utilities commission today rerused to permit steam railroads operating in the state to raise pas senger rates 20 per cent for intrastate traffic, as was permitted by the inter state commerce commission on inter state traffic, The commission has no power, it was stated, to permit any action that would ormg about a rate superceding that set by Ohio law, 3 cents a mile fixed by me jfearson law, passed by the last legislature. The commission also refused permis sion for a 20 per cent increase in rates for transporting milk, holding present rates are sutncient, and disallowed an increase of 20 per cent on excess bae- gage and a 50 per cent surcharge on Pullman space. The latter two rates come under the Pearson law o S CALLED FOR TODAY Republican A. P. Leased Wire BOSTON, Aug. 18. Charles Ponzi whose financial fiascos probably will cost his investors thousands of dol lars. will be brought before federal court tomorrow for a hearing on the charge of using the mails to defraud He is still in jail. Appointment of a receiver or receiv ers for Ponzi was expected today, "bu r eoerai juagc Morton announced no action. Appointment of a receiver for the Old Colony Foreign Exchange com pany was deferred at the request reditors. About $160,000 of the assets of the Old Colony Foreign Exchange com pany are now in official custody and officials ask a 75 per cent distribution to note holders will be realized. The assets of Ponzi's concern still are un known, as the officials have only Ponzf j estimate that lie has $4,000,000. 01 COMMISSION DENIES RAILROAD RATE INCREASES II HEARING ACCORD) WITH U Chronology of Suffrage Struggle WOMEN VOTE 191g I Canada Czecho-Slovakia . - 1918 Germany 1918 Hungary 1918 England 191 Holland 1919 Belgium 1919 British East Africa 1919 Rhodesia 1919 Luxembourg 1919 Iceland 1919 Sweden 1919 United States ...1920 COX CONFIDENT SUFFRAGE WILL BRING VICTORY -'tnrptibttt an A." P. Leased i re J- - canr-!!,'H '-, i.aa" ....... iu.-vij rat! ioj,uti - of suffrage. That the enfranchisement of women would help the Democratic pres idential and local tickets, was pre dicted by the governor's advisers, who said they believed a great majority of the women eta-nd with Governor Cox on the league of nations issue. Governor Cox, on receipt of the news. issued a statement declaring "mothers of America would stay the hand of war." and also that the notification was promise of performance of Demo cratic platform pledges. Senator Harrison of Mississippi, leader in the Cox organization, who came here today from New York to arrange the governor's speaking itin erary, said: Our campaign plans will not be changed as a result of Tennessee's rat ification. They will proceed with the league of nations aa the paramount issue." Governor Cox was visited by a- dele gation of women suffrage workers. headed by Mrs. Abby Scott Baker of the National Woman's party. He was thanked for his efforts to secure rati fication in Tennessee and posed with them for moving pictures. Conferences with Senator Harrison kept Governor Cox busy almost until his train left tonight for South Bend, Ind., where he speaks tomorrow before the Indiana Democratic Editors asso ciation. A new speaking engagement which is expected to bring Governor Cox and Senator Harding together for the first time during' the campaign was an nounced today. Governor Cox accepted an invitation to speak here August 31 on "presidential day" at the Ohio state fair and it was announced Senator Harding also would talk. Senator Harrison also announced ten tative plans for the governor's western trip in September. It will start Sep tember 2 or 3, Senator Harrison said. and will be "a swing around the circle into every western state," taking about three weeks. The tentative route calls for travel first through the northern states, then the Pacific states to Lower California and return through south western states. Two principal addresses daily are contemplated, with numerous rear platform speeches and automobile side trips. anal me league or nations issue Is to De pressed by Governor Cox ann also by other Democratic speakers was indicated by a request the governor made today to Senator Harrison to have special seats reserved at all meetings for former soldiers and their friends In arranging for the governor's west ern trip, it was decided not to use a special train, unless absolutely neces sary. The governor and his party will have cars reserved for the trip, how- SENATOR JOHNSON TO STUMP FOR HARDING SAN FRANCISCO. Aug.,19. Sena tor Hiram W. Johnson will make a speaking tour through eastern states in behalf of the candidacy of Senator Warren G. Harding, according to an nouncement tonight at the western headquarters of the republican national committee. The committee quoted a leter from Senator Johnson in which he fsai'd : "My hope and expectations are to spend October in intensive work in gehalf of our candidate in the doubt ful states in the east." SENATOR CUMMINS HAS FLU DES MOINES. la.. Auk. 18 United Slates Senator A. R. Cummins is suf fering from a mild attack of influenza, and. while hin physician has ordered that lie remain in bed and that no visitors be admitted to his room, mem bers of the family paid tonight his rapid recovery was expected. Within seven years every political party had included in its platform an equal "suffrage plank, President Wilson had publicly appealed for the ment had been passed by both houses of Congress and ratified by 36 states, while political leaders vied with each other for the credit of the victory. The National Woman's party from the beginning adopted the policy of holding the party in power responsible for the fate of the amendment and brought pressure on that party through the political power already in the hands of the western women. Most spectacular of the demonstrations was the picketing of the White House, which began in January, 1917. and lasted until November, 1917. Dur ing the picketing between 400 and 500 women were arrested for the- crime of reminding the president of his responsibility for their enfranchisement and sentenced to prison terms ranging from three days to seven- months. These arrests were later declared by the District Court of Appeals to have been illegal. In 1918, January 10 Two weeks after the last pickets were released from jail, and one year from the day the first picket line went out, the federal amendment passed the Lower House of Congress. In 1919i June 4 The Senate passed the amendment with two votes to spare. The House had repassed it on May 21, 1919. In 1919-1920 Special sessions of 29 legislatures had to be called to se cure the necessary 36 ratifications. In all but five of the 36 states campaigns upon either the governor or the legislatures were necessary. In the first month after the passage of the amendment by Congress, nine-states ratified, Wisconsin, Michigan. Ohio, New York. Illinois, Penn sylvania, Massachusetts and Texas. The three states which ratified within a few hours of each other on June 10, Wisconsin, Illinois and Michigan, fought for the honor of first place on the ratification rolls. Kansas, the first full suffrage state to act, set a new record on June 16. The members of its legislature, at their own suggestion, paid their expenses and met without salary in a special session. New York was the second state to meet especially for this purpose, and then Texas, desiring to be the first southern state to act, met in special session on June 28. The half mark was passed by the ratification on November 1 of California. The most difficult campaigns occurred in the last few states, particularly in New Jersey, West Virginia and Delaware. The opposition resorted to every possible device to defeat ratification or to substitute a referendum. In West "Virjinia the amendment was saved by one vote, that of Senator Bloch, who rushed from California by Thousands Pay Last Respects to Ray Chapman Republican A. P. Leased Wire CLEVELAND. Aug. 18. Ray Chapman, premier shortstop and star infielder of the Cleveland club, will be buried Friday. At the re quest of the family, the body will' ; . intli"ii tte.' ' The 'paHbettrf 'V-6 c-" " r '--t eod. us'ur tt" ' " ; . -w :snc - :. 3 i . . ...ji received " cru cial recognition from Cleveland to day, when' flags on the city hall and court bouse were flying at half mast. A large crowd of friends and ad mirers was at the depot when Chapman's body arrived today. Mrs. Chapman, accompanied by her parents. Manager Speaker and Joe Woods' of the Indians, and several others, was on the same train. Hundreds of messages of con dolence were received today. Among them were messages from Governor James M. Cox and B. B. Johnson, president of the American league. - y Fifteen 'thousand men, women and children, tonight had con tributed 10 cents each to the "flower from a fan" fund. One third of the contribution for a floral design and the balance will be placed in another fund being raised to erect a memorial for Chapman at League park. Manager Speaker declined to night to make any statement re garding the accident. He denies making any statements in refer ence to Pitcher Carl Mays, who threw the ball which struck Chap man. METE GIVES WORLD NEW Republican A. P. Leased Wire ANTWERP, Aug. 18. The breaking of one world's record the 110-meter hurdles which had stood for 12 years and the scoring of points by 10 na tions in four final events were fea tures of the fourth day in the track and field sports in the Olympic games today. The record was made by Earl Thom son, representing Canada. He was a former Dartmouth college star, and the American athletes claim some credit lor nis prowess. Thomson went over the hurdles, in 14 4-5 seconds. The old record, both Olympic and world's was 15 seconds, which F. Smithson es- taousned for the United States in the Ulympic games in London on 1908. II. L. Barron of the Meadowbrook club, Philadelphia, who was second and Fred S. Murray of the New York A. C. were the runners who forced Thomson to extend himself Thomson was an example of the perfect hurdler today, with a stride over the hurdles lully 10 feet apart in the last 50 yards, where he gained ground in his greatest lead. W hiln Italy, Canada. Finland and Sweden won all four first placds to day, the consistent performances ' of the Americans gained them three sec ond places, two thirds, two fourths, one fifth and one sixth, a total of 32 points Sweden came next with 15 and Finland third with 12. These three nations now are leading in the point honors, with England fourth. Aside from the consistency- of the Americans, there was nothing espe cially noteworthy in today's perform ances. The shut-out of Americans from first places were decisive. In the 110-meter hurdles Thomson led Barron two yards. Also in the shotput the deefat was noticeable. P. J. Mc Donald of the New York A. C. cham pion in the Stockholm games in 191::. was able to get out no Letter than fourth and that was obtained with a put made in the elimination trials Tuesdai special train to turn the scales. HARDING ILL PLEASED WITH SUFFRAGE! " : ia: tz.Jiv t nation sif-rUant i ma-' t.eriat and ir;rwrnssntatr.rAir; wer : advocated by Senator Harding today In two speeches. He spoke first to American Indians, who brought a plea for extension of their racial rights. He replied that the Unfed States might do well to bestow "Democracy and hu manity and idealism" on the contin ent's native race rather than to "waste American lives trying to make sure of that bestowal thousands of miles across the sea." i The second address was delivered to the local Lumbermen's association and was a plea for a forest conservation policy that would msure a timber sup ply to meet domestic needs and thus raise the standard of American hous ing conditions. Word that the Tennessee legislature had ratified suffrage was received by the nominee with satisfaction, and h tssued a statement declaring his grati fication that women would be given the ballot in November. One of the Nominee's most carefully prepared speeches since he accepted the nomination is to be delivered to morrow to members and former mem bers of the Ohio legislature. It has been indicated that the address was considered one of the most important of the campaign. The Indians represented the society of American Indians and several camn arrayed in tribal feathers. Their spokesmen. Dr. Carlos Montazuma of Arizona, and Frank G. Smart of Wis consin, told the senator that their peo ple were oppressed and mistreated and asked that he use his influence to give them a greater voice in National af fairs. I thank you and I will agree," "said the senator, "about one basic princi ple, and that is that the American In dian is as much entitled to as square deal as any one else. I would like to think, while we are talking about de mocracy and humanity and idealism, that this republic had far beter bestow on the native Americans whose land the white man took, rather than waste American lives trying to make, sure of that bestowal thausands ot miles across the .sea. "I believe in the policy of promoting the ideals of democracy i'n America, first, and the American Indian is just as much entitled to that which right fully comes to him as any other citi zen." Yesterday the Indians called on Governor Cox, and in addressrtig Sena tor Harding today, one called him "Sentor Cox." Senator Harding joined in the laugh and said: well 1 done Diame you he is a pretty live fellow." Senator Harding addressed the lum bermen at a picnic, devoting his ad dress to timber conservation. ghicagTdelegate WILL SUPPORT COX Republican A. P. Leased Wire CHICAGO. Aug. 18 H. L. Ickes, one of Illinois eight delegates-at-large to the Republican national convention that nominated Senator Harding, to night annouced he would support Gov eror Cox, Democratic nominee. Mr. Ickes was instructed at the con vention for Governor Lowden and on the final ballot, when Senator Harding was nominated, he voted for Senator Johnson. "I shall continue te affiliate with the Republican party," his statement said, "but I cannot in good conscience biipport a candidate who was not the real choice of , his party." Ill A ction of Assembly Will Give Million Women Vo te In Coming Election (Republican Associated Press Leased Wire) NASHVHILLE ; Term., Aug. 18 The amendment extending equal suffrage to American women was ratified today for inclusion in the federal constitution, the Ten nessee house voting, 50 to 46 to concur in the senate reso lution adopted Friday, 25 to 4. The action made Tennessee the thirty-sixth state to approve the amendment which lacked tonight only for mal certification by Secretary of State Colby to complete its acceptance. There is still a possibility that the house mayTescind its action. At the last moment Speaker Walker, anti-suffrage leader, changed his vote from "nay" to "aye," pav ing the way for a motion to reconsider. Under house rules he can present such a motion within the next two legisla tive days. Should today's vote be confirmed or the house fail to take further action before adjournment Friday, millions of women will be free to vote in the presidential election. Only successful litigation contesting the legal right of this legislature to ratify the section could prevent them. Paris Reports Warsaw Safe From Soviets Republican A- P. Leased Wire PARIS, Aug. 18 Warsaw seems to be saved from the bolsheviki. President Pilsudski's armies are no longer fighting a defensive battle, te S and" ttvr bold nffensive -on I., a.-, f wings lias n-, - J the f;rs-t eb S jeetives.. TP ' " t -'V tr te , i pausinK bf;if a.MTj n ; to de ; .vUh? their &eet.s. The offensive on the left wing is being led by the French gen erals, Henry and BUllotte, and has yielded important results. It has once more put the Poles in pos session of the key to the Warsaw defenses the fork between the Narew and Bug while the forces advancing toward Mlawa, which have reached Tsiechanoff, 12 miles south of Mlawa. will force the bolsheviki marching toward Plock and Tohrn to beat a hasty retreat and reopen the direct railroad to Daniz. But the maneuver on the right between the Vistula and Bug, is more interesting from the strat egic viewpoint, because it threat ens the communications of the main bolshevik forces. The move ment has gained rapid headway and driven the bolshevik back all along the line toward Brest Litovsk, distances varying from 25 to 50 miles. JEROME-UNION STAGE ATTACKS COMMISSION PRESCOTT, Ariz.. . Aug.,18. The Jerome Union Stage Co., through coun sel, todaj issued a lengthy statement claiming, among other assertions, that the corporation commi'ssion had at tempted to evade contractural rights by its order to bonding companies not to write indemnification policies for the company. The statement proposed that the whole issue be submitted to the courts for adjudication. LATE TELEGRAPH BRIEFS GILA HAS POPULAR OFFICE GLOBE, Ariz.. Aug. 18 Seventy-three candidates from Gila county for state and county offices had filed their declarations as candidates at mid night. Of this number, 58 are Democrats and 15 Republicans. Nine of this number are In the race for justice of the peace of the Miami precinct. PROHIBITION CLAIMS VICTIM ST. LOUIS, Aug. IS Financial difficulties are believed to have prompted the suicide of Otto F. Stifel, former brewer and horseman, the Republican congressional candidate from the Eleventh district, who shot himself at his. home near Vallev. Park today. A note Stifel left was prefaced by the statement that it was for "the bene fit of the public and my creditors." "It is a brief review of how I came to get into a financial jam," the note continued. "Prohibition Is the main ," here the writing became indistinct. FEDERALS NEAR MEXICAL SAN DIEGO, Cal., Aug. 18 Fishing boats arriving here today from the Lower California coast reported that several hundred Mexican federal troops were expected to arrive late today at Enzenada, principal port of the northern district. They also reported that all but a few of Governor Cantu's troops had been withdrawn from Enzenada to Tecate, just across the line from San Diego county. The garrison is said to have numbered about 300. RAINS HALT FOREST FIRES SAN FRANCISCO, Aug. 18 While rains in Washington helped fire fight ers to control the worst of the forest fires in that state, high winds in Mon tana and Idaho fanned the fires there. TEACHERS RETURN AS STOWAWAYS SAN FRANCISCO, Aug. 18 Modishly attired, but listed as "stowaways." Miss Mildred McGruder of a Missouri town, and Miss Eva A. Tranger of Philadelphia, school teachers employed by the territorial government of Hawaii, arrived on the army transport Sheridan today. CANTU QUIT YESTERDAY MEXICALI, Lower CaliUrnia, Aug. 18 General Luis M. Salazar suc ceeded Colonel Esteban Cantu as governor of the northern district of Lower California at 6 o'clock tonight. COAL CONFERENCE QUITS CLEVELAND, Aug. IS The joint scale committee of operators and miners of the central competitive bituminous coal fields comprising Ohio. Indiana, Illinois and Western Pennsylvania; adjourned sine die shortly before mid night without rt-aching any agreement after having been in session five days. M. P. PASSENGER HELD UP ST. LOUIS. Aus. Is Four men held up Missouri Pacific passenger train No. 5 from St. Louis to Little Rock on the outskirts of this city shortly nfter S:30 o'clock tonight and escaped with four pouches believed to have contained registered mail. " Tennessee Will Test House Ruling Steps for such a test of the provision of the Tennessee constitution.; tafifolw r already have-,beea..ta,kn y th Tr nessee constitutional t . '' Ninty-six'of the, S3 members of t house were -'present: today UiwI vt alignment, until '-vote on concurrence was taken, was & tie, each faction polling 48 votes-on a motion by Mr. Walker to table the resolution. On the ballot for concurrence the line up was 49 to 47 until the speaker changed his vote. This apparently would give suf frsrist an advantage of only two bot their leaders declared to t tv-t members in favor of sut . -,Lo were absent today, would Jat. ie probably tomorrow. The motion to reconsider may be carried by a majority vote of the members present and since Mr. Walker can act without a. moment's notice, suffragists planned to be on hand in full force the next two days. Suffrage leaders said they expected no delegations, but as a precaution were tightening their lines tonight, while opposition leaders were waging an active campaign to increase their strength. The end came sddenly. Debate on the motion to concur had been in prog ress little more than an hour and thers was ho indication a vote was imminent when Speaker Walker called , Repre sentative Overton to the chair and took the floor to reply to a suffragist who had charged special interests were at work to defeat ratification. "The battle "has ! been won and the measure has been defeated," Mr. Walk er said. "I resent the iniquitious re marks that special interests are here alone against this measure. I resent this on behalf of the womanhood that is both for and against suffrage. Motion to Table Tied "I move that this measure go where it belongs, to the table." Instantly the chamber was In uproar. Suffragists clamored for recognition while a chorus of "second the motion" came from the antis. Mr. Overton, however, refused to recognize any one and ordered the roll called. The result was in doubt on unofficial tallies. An appeal to the clerk developed that his tally also showed a tie, 48 to 48. Pandemonium reigned. Members