Arizona republican. [volume], November 15, 1920, Page PAGE FOUR, Image 4

About Arizona republican. [volume] (Phoenix, Ariz.) 1890-1930

Image provided by: Arizona State Library, Archives and Public Records; Phoenix, AZ

                
PAGE FOUR
THE ARIZONA REPUBLICAN. MONDAY MORNING, NOVEMBER 15, 1920
THE ARIZONA REPUBLICAN
.... rilOKNTX. AnnroNA
'"hed Kvry Mmtnr bv the
tnter.rf .IZOIA PtJBUSHINO COMPANY
W,M At h Pnstofflce at Phoenix, Arizona, at Ma
Matter of the Second Clan
G-iTt.an'1 PuMlahar Twttht HearO
bfrr1 Hnar ......... .Charlea A. Btauffef
Q,or ....J W. Ppeaf
fcews Editor ."........" E. A. Toung
SUBSCRIPTION R ATE s TV A D V AN CC
Dally ana Sunday
OUTSIDE STATE OF ARIZONA On year $13.00;
ARIZONA BY MAIL, OR CARRIER One year.
S.00; ( not, $4.00; 3 mos.. $2.00; 1 mo, 76c.
SUNDAY EDITION by mail only $5.00 per year.
Phnr, t?r1 Private Branch Exchange
IlUne JOl Connactina All Departmenta
Central Advertising Representatives! Robert E. Wart.
Prunwtck Bid.. New Tork. Mullen Bldg- CMcP.
Jv. R Barranger. Fxamlner Blrtg.. Pen Franclco
Eft Intelligencer Bljg., Beattle. Xlue Ueuraoco
Bldg.. Los Angelee.
MEMBERS OP THIS ASSOCTATTCD PRFSS
Receiving Full Night Report, by Ieaaed Wire
0 Associated Preas la exclualvely entitled to tha use loo
ra-publlcatlon ol all news dlapatchea credited M "
or not therrlm credited tn Uila paper and alao
local n.svj publlahed herein. '
u rights of re-pubiicaUoa of special dlapatchea hereto
are also reaerve,:.
MONDAY MORNING, NOVEMBER 15, 120
As a man is known by his com
pany, so a man's company may be
known by his manner of expressing
himself. Swift.
Tha 8peolal Session
It la commonly believed that there will be a sps
cLal session of congress Immediately after March 4.
There la usually one following the Indactton of a new
president and there la certainly aa gTat a need for
on as there has ever teen. The people never before
voted so decisively for a change and the change for
the most part can be effected only by new legislation.
The very else of the majority, both popular and elec
toral, given the Republican ticket must be regarded
as a mandate for early action.
Taxation would likely be the big question before
the new house and senate. Large suras of money
must be raised to meet the expenses of the govern
ment. The responsibility for fiscal policies must be
assumed.
A general revision of the tariff Is a part, and a
major part, of the Republican program, but It Is un
likely that that will be begun and almost certainly
not completed, in a special session. But there will be
important changes in many of the schedules not only
for purposes of protection but to raise needed reve
nues to take the place of those which will pass away
with the revision of the excess profits tax law.
It la in the special session that an effort should be
made on the part of Arizona to secure protection for
the long staple cotton Industry, in order that growers .
may receive the benefit of it In the coming season.
Should we await the general revision and should
protection then be given, we would not feel the bene
ficial effect of It before the following year and per
haps not until later.
A Repetition In History
The anti-Soviet forces are abandoning the Crimea,
the last foothold in Russia. Wrangel is said to be in ,
a desperate plight in the northern part of the pe
ninsula which it was hoped he might hold at least
through the winter by maintaining his position on
the narrow Isthmus of Perekop. There he enjoyed an
advantage which his inferior force might hope to
keep, for it was unlikely that the Eolshevikl would
attempt an attack upon the Crimea by sea.
But more than a week a go "Wrangel was swept out
of Perekop and according to the dispatches of yester
day his forces wers retreating in disorder before the
Red cavalry. British ships were being summoned to
remove refugees from Sebastopal.
The operations of Wrangel have come to nothing
and the futile assistance first given him by the British
and later by the French has done the cause of Russia
more harm than good. A leaf might have been taken
from the invasion of France in the midst of the Red
Tenor, when foreign nations at the solicitation of
the emigres Joined together for the restoration of
royalty and to put down Republicanism in France.
The French people, honored as they may have
been at the beginning of the bloody orgy following the
overthrow of absolutism, were united as they could
have been In no other way, by the threatened foreign
Invasion. The victory of Dumouriex and those of the
following year by Flchegru and Jourdan were fol
lowed by further outbursts of the revolutionists and
the extension of the slaughter throughout the prov
inces, of all who had seemed to bo in sympathy with
the attack upon the country.
The great mass of the Russian people, whatever
they may think of Bolshevism resented foreign inter
ference which has seldom had the effect of quieting
Inter-necine strife unless tho interventors have been
powerful enough to become conqurors.
Great Britain could not attempt to assume that
role and if France, when the Soviet government was
engaged with Foland, intended to aid Wrangel to the
utmost. It has abandoned him and left him to the
fate of Deneklne who failed in the same territory.
A Neglected Metal.
At the late meeting of the American Bankers asso
ciation. Representative Louis T. McFadden of Penn
sylvania, and a member of the association, offered an
analysis of the gold committee's report which ex
plain why there has been so little activity in gold
mining In this country. Gold is the cheapent thing
there Is, viewed as a commodity. In all others, be
tween 1914 and 1319 there was an average Increase
of 112 rr cent. Gold was the only commodity whose
nrlce was Ilu' ug I - 4 ---"d
to the law of surPly and demand. Plut for that gold
would have gone to a premium as It has done In
all other countries.
The price of gold was and Is $20.7 per troy ounce.
That is the price the United States treasury paid
when the cost of production was much less than it Is
now, but that is a'.?o the price now. Gold production
Is. therefore, no longer profitable and that Is why it
has fallen from $100,000,000 in 19T.5 to less than $30,
000,000 this ycJ.r. And much of the production was
incidental; the gold was recovered in the reduction of
other more profitable metals.
In 1915 the United States produced 21.5 per cent of
the world's output. Great Britain produced 63.7 per
tnt In 1913 our production had fallen to 16.6 per
cent and Great Britain's had risen to 70 per cent.
This year we are at the ebb with 12 per cent, while
;;reat Britain has produced 73 per cent.
In other ways gold Is encouraged abroad. The Brit
ish Empire has been paying an exchange premium as
high s f.0 per cent. France levies a tax of $3.60 an
,ur,-e on gold used in the arls and industries.
It Was Not Inharmony
In a Jaundiced moment and without an analytical
view of the surprising Arizona election returns which
were confusing to all human calculations. Mayor
Kelly of the Douglas International wrote:
It seems that all the talk about democratic
harmony was pure "bunk." There not only was
lack of party harmony, but it seems that about
one-third of the democratic party in this state
went bodily Into the ranks of the Republican
party. Ev?n "Dear Old Cochise" gave a major
ity for the Republican candidate for president. It
is to be hoped that the Democrats two years
hence will be able to produce an entirely differ
ent brand of harmony.
We have failed to discover any evidence of Inhar
mony in the Democratic party in this state, any such
Inharmony as rent it In twain in 1916 and 1918, and
which seamed it without an actual fracture as early
as 1914, the party was not divided into factions in the
Democratic primary. The old line between Huntism
and antl-Huntlsm was broken over, crossed and re
crossed until It was obliterated.
The only body which seemed to move solidly into
the Republican camp was the labor vote which since
the admission of Arizona has been cast with the
Democrats, but it was not Democratic, hut Hunt,
and generally, it was without the approval of tho In
ternational, which, as we recall, held that, in its re
sponse to the recognized tests of true Democracy, it
waa found wanting.
We do not think that a considerable part of the
labor toU waa cast tor Harding, though the bulk of
it, wo believo. went to tho Republican state candi
dates, bocauoo It believed it had not been given the
recognition that ft had enjoyed while Governor Hunt
controlled tho organization.
Tho labor leaders never pretended that the labor
vote was Democratic. On tho other hand, they pro
claimed lta Independence. Labor was not even an
tlly of tho Democrats, only an "associate." It was
bound by no treaty or covenant and certainly not by
tradition, and cannot therefore be counted in aa "one
third of tho Democratic party," which went over
body and breeches to the Republicans.
But some thousands of Arizona Democrats did so
migrate, cot as ft faction, not in concert, without any
complaint against their own party, without any sign
of inharmony. They were merely picked up by the
wavo which had swept tho whole country.
WHEN THE PIE WAS OPENED
Levitation
Levitation is said to be "the phenomenon or illu
sion of maintaining heavy bodies in the air without
support." That is the dictionary definition. We
like to catch up the dictionary now and then, as we
do self-constituted or recognized authorities on var-
ious' subjects and show that they are wrong.
Levitation, as we are prepared to demonstrate and
provs by some millions of people in the country is
not always an illusion.. Take for instance the price
of bread which formerly waa supported by the price
of tho ingredients and labor wheh went into it.
Flour was the principal ingredient and probably is
yet. Tho labor of course, was an important factor, so
was fuel, and other factors were overhead expenses,
but altogether they constituted as they do yet, a
minor part of the cost of tho day's output, a' small
though by no means negligible part of the cost of the
loaf. Previoui to 1915, as we recall, flour was about
$6 a barrel. Then It rose gradually, though with some
rapidity, until a year or so later it went to $16 a bar
ret Its upward progress was met at first by a' grad
ual lessening of the weight of the loaf, but that was
soon found to bo ineffectual, and the price of the
lessened loaf waa elevated.
Now that waa not levitation though a phenomenon
for wo could boo that the loaf in its altitude was
solidly supported by $16 flour, by higher wages of
labor, by Increased rent and taxes. We have pur
posely omitted mention of water, an Important in
gredient of bread, since it cost nothing in the old
days and costs no more now.
But the support of flour, the principal factor in the
cost of bread has been gradually withdrawn. We be
lieve now it is about $9 a barrel, only a little more
than half the price when it was found necessary to
double the price of bread. The other costs of pro
duction which contributed to the increase remain the
same, but the shrinkage of flour has left a hiatus
between the foundation of costs and the superstruc
ture, tho price of bread that is aa wonderful a phe
nomenon as if there were no support at all. Yet,
striking as the phenomenon is, we repeat that it is
( no illusion.
This philosophical treatment may be applied to the
phenomenon of the price of meat, which seems to be
unsupported or not adequately supported by the cost
of livestock, and it may be also applied to the prices
of may other necessities.
In 1917. about this time' of the year beef steers in
Chicago were selling at $16.00 17.00; hogs at $18.30
019.60.. Last Saturday in the same market steers
were quoted $8.2510.50; hogs $12.5012.75. But we
cannot reasonably expect prices of finished products
to follow "closely upon the heels of descending prices
of raw materials. They have never done so and they
never will. They must come down by a slower pro
cess of readjustment. And now there is a condition
which complicates that process.
For at the same time there is still another factor
which in Justice to the dealers in all these commodi
ties should not be overlooked. It is something to which
we called attention very early In the game, soon after
prices began to advance, and that is the price of
money which at one time fell to half the value it had
in 1915 and has not since greatly advanced.
Thus the more we pursue this subject the less sure
we are of our ground that the dictionary is wholly
wrong, and we are inclined to seek a compromise In
tho shape of an agreement tha: the-ie instances of
levitation which wo have brournt trwaxU. iniuuu
phenomena are only semi-Illusions
Some of the home brews are said to be good for
clean?ng woodwork. This should be brought to the
notice of the prohibition enforcement corps which
sees nothing In these home concoctions but coffin
varnish.
FRIEND MEXICO
There is a town named Cox in Harding county,
Minn Thi U a belated 'discovery with no present
' It is probable, according to authoritative infor
mation from the national capital, that the United
States soon will recognize the Mexican government.
There are those who profess to believe that this
recognition will be of no little value to Mexico. Maybe
so. But, also, there is a fine chance that it will prove
of value to your Uncle Sam!
Mexico, again according to information from
Washington, is expected to apply for admission to
the League of Nations immediately after receiving
American recognition, which, of course, will be quickly
followed by recognition from European governments.
Mexico then will enter on a disarmament program.
Its troubles with other nations will be filed for public
inspection. H will make no secret iicreenients, for
instance, with the Japanese. It will help formulate,
and will obey international law. Above all, it will
have emerped from revolutionary chars and lie an
teemed member of the family of nations.
Greece: The New Na
tion of An Old People
FORTY YEARS AGO TODA Y
From the Phoenix Herald, which was absorbed by The Arizona Ra
publican in 1899, and for a time was published as
an evening edition
Monday, November 15, 1830. !
Prescott, Nov. 1$
Editor, Herald;
I have been astonished at the amount
of whisky imbibed according to the
population of this town during tho past
election season or campaign, and at the
evident influence whisky and whisky
sellers exert on the popular vote. When
Stewart and Oury were here they and
their friends visited most of the saloons
in town and in each called up every
body in sight to drink, and the same
crowd went from one saloon to another
drinking in each, and consequently
many became Intoxicated on the pil
grimage. Candidates for office went
about the country with demijohns in
their carriages and in electioneering In
vited every voter they met to have a
little whisky. Such a course of conduct
seems senseless and absurd and is cer-
'sinly annoying and expensive to the
candidates. Yet it is expected by the
people and if a candidate is considered
niggardly in treating to whisky in his
travels It seems to be Injurious to his
interests.
BILL BLANK.
Local
WANTED A good single room, fur
nished or unfurnished. Inquire at this
office.
Our compiler failed to furnish us our
regular budget tf telegraphis news this
morning owing to the fact that nothing
of Interest passed over tho wires.
Some means should be taken to stop
the reckless discharge of firearms upon
our streets which of late has become
too frecuent for comfort.
Some wretch has again been supply
ing the Indians about here with w hisky
and the nightly concert given by these
Indians is of a characted not charming
to the ear nor sufficiently musical to
cause us to lose sleep listening tb it.
Pinal County Officials
The following are the officers elected
In Pinal county at the recent election,
all Democrats: for the council, Ander
son; for the assembly, Robb and
Devine;for treasurer, Brady; for dis
Cook; for sheriff, Gabriel; for' recorder,
Devine; fo teasurer, Brady; for dis
trict attorney, Summers; for public ad
ministrator. Morris. (Many Arizonians
will learn with surprise that the late
Major Doran was ever a Democrat.?
Territorial News
The Fremont-Silent Syndicate have
made another payment on the Black
Warrior. Peck district.
Those who imagine that there is a
scarcity of money in Tombstone, says
the Epitaph, should gaze on the stack
of red checks piled up on the faro
layouts. ,
A recent fire In Walnut Grove, Yava
pai county destroyed $600 worth of
hay belonging to Mr. Meyers.
A WOMAN GOVERNMENT OFFICIAL
By Frederic J. Haskin
WASHINGTON, Nov. , 12 While
woman politicians proclaim the need of
women in the cabinet and in congress,
Mrs. Annette Adams Is showing what
a certain type of woman may be ex
pected to do in high office.
As assistant attorney general, ap
pointed last May, she has to hand down
legal opinions on various subjects to
the government departments. Ques
tions from the people on income tax,
for example, are answered by the in
come tax bureau. But if the tax ex
perts get stuck on a point of their own
law, or if some new angle or claim is
brought un. the bureau refers the prob
lem to Mrs. Adams, and she gives her
opinion, which stands as that of the
department of Justice.
Likewise, she handles disputed points
of the Volstead act, though tho su
preme court and congress have mada
the terms of prohibition so plain that
there are few doubtful p'irases. To
Mrs. Adams are also entrusted the legal
matters relating to the federal prisons,
the war risk insurance, pensions, the
Adarason eigh-hour law, and other
laws such as the Pure Food and Drugs
act and the Safety Appliance act.
A Place for Brains
To render Intelligent opinions on
there weighty matters demands definite
l-gal experience and ability. Having
to deal with the Income tax labyrinth
alone would stagger tho average human
being. Yet Mrs. Adams manages to
look cheerful and assures you that the
income tax law is in itself not unrea
sonably complicated, though she admits
h:t the e
gavo up teaching and, with a partner,
went into business for herself. She
never specialized in divorces of wom
en's cases, though women who came
to her often stated their preference for
a woman counsel in business matters
' Her chance came one day when she
was pleading a case against the state
prosecution. The district attorney had
practically assured the accused man of
a long jail sentence, but when Mrs.
Adams arose and stated her client's
defense in a simple, direct plea, the
Judge gave the prisoner only six
months. The defeated district attorney
sought out the counsel for the defense
and asked her directly if she would
like to be one of his assistants.
First Woman District Attorney
She became "the first woman assist
ant district attorney a position re
quiring a good deal of tact, probably
for the men were not used to a woman
lawyer in their midst. Where a man
would occasionally take a chance, Mrs
Adams poured over details and aC
quired a reputation for making sure
The district attorney relied on her so
extensively to draw up the papers for
pleadings that when he became 111. she
had to take his place, and eventually
she decame the district attorney of
nothern California, the first woman to
hold the office in any state.
In her new position at Washington
she has more time to give careful at
tention to cases. She thinks that this
can be overdone, however, and that
women are a little inclined to work too
much with details, so that by close at
WASHINGTON. D. C The question
of succession to the throne of- King
Alexander of Greece turns world in
terest once more to southeastern Eu
rope. The changes Greece has under
gone territorially and the part it has
played in the wars and crises of its
corner of the world . are discussed in .
the following bulletin issued by the
National Geographic society:
"What is Greece?
"In the light of the past the answer
might well be tentative, for a defini-
tio nof Greece's area at any time dur
ing the thousands of years of its his
tory would have held good hardly for
a quarter century; and in latter years,
so swift have been the changes in New
Greece, each decade has seen the fix
ing of new boundaries.
Greece "A Saa Surrounded by Land"
"Not until modern times, except dur
ing the momentary empire of Alex
ander, has 'Greece' meant a nation.
In the Grecian golden age, as well as
before and since. Greece was a house
divided against itself. Its detailed his
tory would mean the history of more
than 150 separate states. And yet there
was at all times some feellntt of
Hellenic nationality even though the
rivalries among the various groups
stood In tho way of fusion Into a sin
gle nation.
"While Great Britain may be de
scribed as a land surrounded by seas,
Greece may bo said to be a 'sea (sur
rounded by land.' Tho Hellenes have
always been a seafaring folk and the
Mediterranean sea, and more particu
larly the Aegean, have been their own
particular "herring ponds.' The islands
of the eastern Mediterranean became
Greek territory in their entlety and
this was true also of the Island-like
Peloponnesus and some other portions
of the Greek peninsula. But an equal
ly Important part of Greece or oetter.
of the land of the Hellenes were the
settlements made by mariners on the
shores of the mainland that hem in
the Mediterranean. These settlements
constituted an unbroken fringe of
Hellas along the 'shores of Asia Minor
and scattered communities upon the
shores of Italy, in Sicily, even In north
ern Africa and what is now southern
France. This was the loose "Greece
or Hellas at, its greatest a domain of
one peoples but of many states.
Greece Had League of Nations Against
"Greece gave the world Its first
league of nations: the Dellan league,'
organized in 447-B.C, by way of mu
tual protection against the 'external
aggression of Persia, which had a sort
of Berlin-to-Bagdad ambition of its
own In those days. Athens wa tha
only principal power in this league
and was the recognized leader of the
organization,
"Later came the hegemony of Ath-
, , . . . . .1 ens by force, the paradoxical empire of
(Any reader can get tho answer toi k1 .k .
any question by writing The-R?pub- ..... aP-hv Af tM.
lican Information Bureau, Frederick ,, Aa .v,o. k- .v.
05"-
TW, otter jpplle, .Irictly to lnn- approach to , Greek nation w t..
tlon Th. bureau eaa not tlv. advlc. Uf , . UM. bot ,n ot
QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Haskin. Director, Washington D.C. p,re- of gparta and c
on legal, medical and financial mat
these eras were most of the territories
ters. It does not attempt to settle do- M by Greeks included
mestic troubles, nor to undertake ex
even
large part o fthe Greek peninsula it-
haustive research upon any subject. Belf wer KOVerned by other Hellenio
Write your question plainly and brief- 8tates For a br,ef ,od M
ly. Give full name and address and
enclose two cents in stamps for return
postage. All replies are sent direct to
the inquirer.)
xmptions and surtax provl- j t.ention to fine points there Is danger
b.o..j are t-tz'.T.o. t rver' "Ulna- the main issues, in other
She recalls how. before she came
fro-Ti ralifornlii to be a government
lawyer, she herself had a little difficul
ty with her own tax blank. Its mys
teries had been carefully unraveled, ex
cept the baffling proposition as to
which Liberty bonis were exempt from
taxation. She took the inquiry to an
income tax expert and he admitted that
he had been stumped by the same thing
and that he had finally paid tax on all
of thera to get it off his mind. Now,
Mrs. Adams will not have to bother
over the possibility of her interpreta
tion of the tax law being wrong, for if
a dispute arises the matter will be re
ferred to her anyway.
Mrs. Adams doe not talk much
about herself, either her past or what
she intends to do. She has introduced
no Innovations into her branch of the
department of Justice, and she does not
expect to. Asa woman in a high gov
ernment office she is a pioneer, and to
use her own expression, she is making
haste slowly.
f-'.iiM i also a pioneer as a woman
lawyer who hns achieved a national
reputation. As a sirl she graduated
from the tate Nnrnml school In Cali
fornia and from the University of Cali
fornia, mid taught school while she
worked for her deRrees. When she was
admitted to practice in the California
woq. of losing the perspective, a
man. has less patience with details.
Mrs, Adams says this with reluc
tance. She dislikes to make any cata
logue of women versus men to show
that tht woman Juior or lawyer Is less
logical or more emotional than the
masculine prototype, because she re
gards the individual element which
makes each person different from the
rest as too uncertain a factor for such
crude classifications to be worth much.
A Jury of women, she thinks, is not
more likely to be swayed by emotions
than a jury of men of a similar degree
of mentality.
Mrs. Adams looks at life from an im
partial, matter-of-fact angle the judi
cial outlook. With a little smile she
says that she has not the "newspaper
sense," that she never could reel off
chatty little incidents about her life.
"I have no hobbles." she added,
"heugh I de like to cook and take care
of my apartment."
There you have one of the first
women executives in the federal gov
ernment a widow of pleasant middle
age (the forties) who is a hard worker
and a lawyer of recognized ability. This
first feminine federal attorney believes
in keeping the home fires burning, but
she does it by going out into the world
courts and in tho federal courfif she I and hustling for the fuel.
Q. Has any step been taken to erect
bridge of a monumental character
aeross the Potomac from Washington
to Arlington? H. B. M.
A. A bridge was Included in the
plans for the Lincoln Memorial. Thia
monument, situated in Potomac park.
is nearing completion, but work on the
bridge has not commenced.
Q. What are the highest national
bank notes issued? E. E. S. ,
A. The treasury department says
that there is no authorization for na
tional bank notes of larger denomina
tion than $100.
Q. What does a probation officer
do? D. H. O.
A. In a municipal criminal court a
probation officer is one appointed by
the magistrate to exercise supervision
over and receive regular reports from
offenders whose sentences are sus
pended.
Q. Who waa the first secretary of
tho navy? J. A. L.
A. The navy department was es
tablished in-1789 and Benjamin Stod-
dert of Maryland was the first secretary.
Q. What is the name for tho insect
csHed "child of earth?" A. M. P.
A. The bureau of biological survey
says that in the southwest the ide
click beetle. is locally known as "child
of earth."
Q. What are free porta, and where
are some of them? C. A. C.
A. A free por is a harbor where
ships of all nations may enter to load
or unload upon payment of harbor dues
or charges for accommodation. Goods
may be stored without duty at first,
and either reshlpped for export or ad
mitted for home consumption upon the
payment of the usual custom duties.
England never had any free ports and
there are none today in the United
States or France. In Germany, Ham
burg and Bremen, and Copenhagen In
Denmark, are still practically free
ports. In earlier time there were a
number of ports of this nature.
Q. Are marines permitted to play
cards and gamble? -G. R.
A. Marines are allowed to play
cards, but are not permitted to gam
ble. Q. Is the horrrer pigeon ever kept
for aquab breeding? A. S. B.
A. The department of agriculture
says that the homer is a good squab
producer, although these squabs are
rather small. The homing trait makes
it necessary to keep these birds con
fined if they have been purchased. The
homers kept tor racing and carrying
messages are usually of a different
breeding from those kept for squab
production
Q. Who was known as the Apostle
,V V , -. . a. . .
A. This title was given to John
ruot m recognition or ms urn. in
christianizing the Indian tribes of
New England in the Seventeenth cen
tury. Q. How many men were there in
the United States army at th begin
ning of the late war. and at ita close.
H. F.
A. The war department says that
the regular army on April i, 1917,
consisted of 129.297 enlisted men. while
the strength of the National Guard
brought the total up to 307.748. At the
close cf the world war the army to
taled 3.897,194 men. H
Q. Who owns the largest railway
system? W. E. T.
A. With the merger of the Canadian
National and Grand Trunk lines the
Canadian government owns the larg
est railway system in the world. Gov
ernment lines control 22,000 miles, em
ploy 70.000 persons, operate 2000 mod
ern locomotives. 100 passenger cars
and 70.000 freight cars, with carrying
enpaeitv of 600. 000 tons.
Q. Will the amount of electricity in
aome individuals affect a watch through
their clothing, and to what extent?
A. B. L.
A. The bureau of standards savs
that the amount of electricity In an in-
ander the Great Greece reached the
status of a-nation, but it was a fusion
forced by a virtual outsider and con
tained much territory inhabited by
others than Greeks; and on the death
of the great military genius Hellenes
separated again Into numerous gov
ernmental unlta.
"Greece, expanding from the, city
state, had comprised for a moment
almost the whole civilized world, but
the great dilation waa followed by an
equally great contraction. Greece fell
under the rising power of Rome and
became a mere province in the western
empire.
The military ability and power of
the Greeks ' died under the Roman
yoke; but when the eastern empire
was formed, with Constantinople as its
seat, Greek culture conquered where
Greek arms could not, and Byzantium
became In reality a great Greek state.
Once more the territory that, by con
struction at least, can be regarded as
Greece, spread outward until it held
within its boundaries much of south
eastern Europe. It is on reviving the
glory of this period in Grecian history
that Greek ambition, when it could
live at all, has dwelt,
"Tho night of Greece's martyrdom
was not under the Roman yoke, but
in the long period from the fall of By
zantium to modern times. During that
time Greece was all but snuffed out
territorially, while the blood of its peo
ple suffered dilution from tho hordes
of conquerors and Immigarnts of al
most every nation of Europe that
poured in upon it Albanians, Slavs,
Teutons, Spanish, French, Venetians,
Turks. In 1669 Turkey finally gained
complete dominance of what had been
Greece. -
"Greece, as a nation, was bom again
in 1829 as a result of a most turbulent
war of independence against Turkey,
which was at the same time a series
of civil wars among contending lead
ers and factions. The new Greeco
which emerged under the joint pro
tection of Great Britain, Fiance and
Russia comprised, besides the Cyclades
islands and the nearby Peloponnesus,
a strip of land about 40 miles wide
across the peninsult north of the Te
lopormesua. It has been the constant
ambition of modern Greece to push its
boundaries outward from this region,
which Itf considers only a nucleus, un
til much if not all of 'Hellas irriderita"
should be included. This ambition has
led to a continuous series of internal
crises and external wars.
"Now, 90 years after the achievement
of Greek independence, the territory
of the kingdom is approximately three
times as great as when it was estab
lished. Thanks to the giat war and
the dismemberr.ient of Turi ey, Greece
no wincludes -nuc hof old .'dacedonia
and southern Thrace, practlcay all of
the islands of the Aegean and a lnree
ensst of ?ia. Mlivir. TVs c-rri.- fiir
flies almost within a stone's throw of
the Dardanelles a bare 0 miles from
Constantinople. Greece has advanced
far toward attaining her ambition.
"The modern kingdom of the Hel
lenes as Greece is officially knovn
has had five rulers. Not one lias
served until hi natural dath or volun
tary abdication. The first ruler, presi
dent or the abortive Greek republic,
organized before independence was en
tirely assurd, was assassinate!. Otto,
prince of Bavaria, who was given th
throne in 1S32, was deposed In lSfi2.
Prince George of Schleswig-Holstein,
who was then called to the thror. .
ruled for 61 years, but was assassi
nated in 1913. His son Constant ii
was deposed in 1915 because of b
sympathy for the German cause. Tl
death of Alexander, who succeeded
Constantino, was duo to an unusual
accident."
Industrial depression in Jnp in has
affected llie luxury shops if TnU;
where Japanese souvenir d.-al'fs am
forced to turn tln-ir 'im1.-i m s to tin
sale of more necessary articles..
(,reat Pritain exported ?f 4 '0 rn
dividuaVs body v. Ill not affect a watch, i'ounds of c:ntii m iim