The Durham recorder. [volume], March 27, 1889, Image 1

About The Durham recorder. [volume] (Durham, N.C.) 1879-19??

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VOL. 69
DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA, WEDNESDAY. MARCH 27, 1889
NO. 38
Absolutely Pure.
ThU K)4 T wr vari A irarrel of
puritv, trettth anl hlmiueii- Mor
economical i!in tLe orlintrr kiu!a, aud
cannot b 4 in 0"iin iun with ile diu
tilu.le of Uw tmt, hurt wright tin in or
fit update kiwik-r 8MI Wy in mv
KotAL UaK i'WDKI Co.. Wall St.,
N. v
P. W Vaughan, Ph. G
Da Aim, IT. 0.
Dealer in Drug, Mcdi
cine, Fancy and Tolit Ar
tides We liavc a large
stock and are better prepar
ed to a ait on customer now
than ever.
EVERYTHING AS
OHEAKAS POSSI
BLE, QUALITY Tak
en into consideration
"We keek none hut IUi.fc.
and FRESH DRUG?,
which wc are receiving al
most daily A large stock of
Bust's and Ely's Seeds
jtiHt received. All our Old
Seed luvv been Humcd
We have none hut those that
are perfectly fresh and re.
liable.
A C( mpentent Cleri
cal Force of Reliable
DRUGGIST
to wait on you.
We SfiSl Your Pat
1 1 mm.
Jan. !W.
J, V. Graham. Tuos. Ri rpm
GRAHAM & RUrriN,
ATTIIRIIIIN IT ..',
U1LLSBORO, iV. C,
Practice it the cmintiM i Alamanc
Cmv.1I, Durham, (JuilforJ, Kxkii(h'
Penon, and langa
BAIEIGJ MARBLE WaK
41? it 4 r)MITlll Kinwl,
RALEIUU, NO
BfiictYarl Lavfo's Old StanS,
'AKrmii.Lr., V. c.
MM.fwt irot of all kind of Mnaamrnla
T MbtaMi I. Vwbkt nr Oraall.. Ain Co
trarlor lor ll UtiiU of ntlMiti Hota Ciif .(
Pola, Wilt, !. matt allrtil al awvtl
4polfrwlcot.
Of oil "Uwnpl lft M kilit tnl to u
U4rw apua awllraiioa.
CUA8. A. GOODWIN,
Proprietor.
ay l.f
WEST VIRGINIA BRIGHTS.
THE SECRET OF THEIR CURE-
INSTKUCTION8 AND RE
FLECTIONS AS TO SELECT
ING LAND, SEEDING,
GHOWINO, CTUIXO AND
HANDLING.
J?
What Mr. CV 91. Itlrd, wlur Av
eraged Over $400 Per Acre
Hah to Say on an Import
ant Subject.
II .WTO hEOCLATR Tilt CtAT IS i CKIMO
MUtt'lKoKiJ ISTELLKiKSf IXC II1 crKMS.
Fo b WwttraTot oo J ir aL
Anyone who has ever read two
or more articles fromexjierieneed
and successful growers of flue
cured Tobacco must have been
itrucK at tliewidedifiVreneeinthe
uppurent treatment of any two
houses, the wide range iu degree
of heat used by any two not agree
ing by any men us; yet to any one
familiiir with the Hue curing pro-vt-HH
it i reudily wen they all lead
to tliexume rehult, otily a differ
nt way of applying the heat,
none of thftii giving over a cer
tain iiumbcr ot haat digrect? dur
ing i fitniii conditioiiH of the To
hat rti, and the sum total of it ull
Ix-ing tie- witne in' the end.
If tli Tobairo w cultivated
lrojM-rly and handled right w hen
put iu the barn, inexperienced
curern, with no aKHittunce, but
common m-iiw, often make the
very hut cur,, while many intel
ligent men, who stirk rigidlv to
the printed wlutlule, without giv
iug any thought to the nature of
Tbmi-o, generally fail; and an
thetefa t often caune outMidero
to tliink tlim U more luck than
brain involved in a gl cure,
wewif.li that erroneiu8 impn
sion corrited, for no man can
jmikhMv tut u hiiciv in curing
fancy Hright TobaccoM unkwM he
jiv,' the Miliji t , dep tUilr Ulid
w..t4'hiN and note in hi mind'
eye all th variou (hange a
tln'V xrur with a nueeewdul cun,
o he can rc-at it under like or
approximate condition iif hi
next cure and make improve
ment with time. There are ever
arising during a planter' life new
continsreneie with each year,
Home favorable mid many very
unfavorable, no it i the clow ob
server who prepare liimnelf for
thee hapieniiig, one of which i
a ulteii full and ulKoti actuating
temj'ratur, winch require ex
traordinary kill to overcome,
Mini' the ltt planter make to
tal failure during Midi time,
they not lieing able to control or
obtain a projter, uniform heat in
the barn unhv very watchful.
Theit i no time for fuVp, a ev
cry moment mttxt he ued in
watching the outnide and inide
thermometer, to nee that there
are jut o many dtfgreeM'of Art t
li iiil heat according to the print.
el m hitlule, making the ukih or
normal atmospherical heat Nde
grei' to work on. l or every de
gree t hat t he out idtf temerat ure
fall Ih-Iow 80 dfgree duringcur
iug he iiniKt dropiiHinauydcgri',-
liy the iiihidtf thermometer, that
i, follow the tl net unt ion of the
outside thermometer right along.
To make it more plainer: Should
the planter reach the mi nt of Mr.
I'ird wheduk, where l8."i de
giiv wen calhij for, (which
mean 1U degree' of artiilcial
heat, added to hO dignm of the
outside leiuin'rutur) and the
outside teniernturf suddenly
fall to 40 degree, should the
planter under siichconditioiiH run
hi heat up to 185 degrees he
would have 145 degreeg of arti
ficial heat intead of 105, since
the outside thermometer, on
which he had beenbasinghisheat
schedule, had fallen 40 degret,
making the equivalent of 225 de
grees on the basin of a'warni day's
temperature, which would cook
the Tobacco, if it did not destroy
the barn by fire. So it is such
sudden drops of temperaturethat
always confuses the curer, and
this is why we advise early plant
ing and early cutting, while the
weather is still warm, day and
night, doing away with the neces
sity and vexation of keeping up
with the fluctuations of freaky
weather.
We quote Mr. Creed M. Bird, of
Putnam County, West Virginia,
as our most recent guide in rais
ing fancy Bright Tobacco, the
wav to cure it when the weather
M favorable, and the approxi
mate way, when the weather is
chilly and fluctuating, and in or
der to favor these conditions it
will always le necessary to have
in the first place suitable land,
then early plants, early setting
and eatly cutting. We give Mr.
Bird's jiersonal exerience as re
lated to us, which can be varied.
since his best Tobacco lands is a
southeastern exposure, lying
high with jierfect drainage. An
other plauter's best lands might
lie n southwestern exjwsure, while
another's might le a strictly
southern exjosure, which, with
the same soil conditions, would
lie the best of all. So there is uo
arbitrary rule as to the best land,
just so they all have about the
same timber growth, and exposed
well to the sun, and consist of a
gravelly suboil, underlying a
grayish vegetable mould of suffi
cient strength to make the plant
fairly large and at the same time
ol a silky texture. The timlter
growth of Mr. Bird's Toba-co
land is Oak, Hickory, Black Gum,
pogwood, Spieewood, and a few
scattering Chstnuts. The land
(which averaged him rcicctive
ly $45.00 and f 1. '1.00 er hundred
for two separatecrojs,and l.liM)
oijud r acre) is n gray soil,
gravelly, overlying a yellow clay
subsoil, and was assisted by illib
eral supply of good fertilizer.
Those who are not favored with
this "kind of timlier growth and
soil condition, can get a near
them ns possible, since the object
is to avoid a very rich, deep black
soil, which is more suituble for
the heavy Mahogany kinds, and
they are harder to cure vcllow,
owing to the excessive gum and
sup in the leaf, and ns hard to
hold the color when u successful
cure can lieefh-cted.
In addition, let us add: The
Tobnmi planter too ofteiiseWt
the largest, coarsest plant for
"wed" when he ought towleetthe
average size, and smoothest,
th vn prune the top down to only
a few branches, mi the seed will be
larger and healthier, consequent
ly impart more life to the plant.
We recommend our patrons to
Major it. b. Itagland, of Ilyco.
Halifax County, Virginia, for im
proved wed of all varieties cul
tivated in Virginia and West Vir
ginia. To make good Tobacco
you must have good seed to
start with, and if you are going
to save your ow n wed, be careful
to choose such us w ill prove a ben
efit, and show improvement, for
any intelligent farmer know that
in the cane of corn, if he selects
seed from a "nubbin" he cannot
exjieet to gel any fineearsofcorn.
and just so with Tobacco, you
cannot expect to get a good qual
ity of Tobacco from imperfect
seed. Therefore always select the
best you have, and if you have
not that which you can depend
on, get it elsewhere, and from
some one whom you know has it
pure and of best quality.
We give Mr. C. M. Bird's circu
lar below. Respectfully,
Cahu & Dickinsons,
Commission Merchants for the
sale of Fancy Bright Tobacco
and Kentucky Burley, Rich
mond, Va.
Mlt. IIIUD's Cint't'LAR.
1 always clear my land the fall
or winter preceding cultivation,
of every pur tide of timber, large
and small, and free the soil from
all roots. When sufficiently dry
pjl is burned with the leaves and
j the ashes raked uniformly over
the whole. Then plough closely
with a short steel bull tongue or
shovel, no deeper than the vege
table mould, and follow with a
harrow until the soil is liken gar
den spot. I now (peculiar to my
self) check off my rows three
and one-half feet apart by plough
ing deejier than usual and drop
my compost or chemical fertilizer
two (2) feet apart and make the
hills right over thefertilizer. My
object in furrowing the land deei
ly being to place the manure be
yond the reach of a common
drought and also below the ini
mediate contact of the young
plant, as such would give it a
hasty, .abnormal growth, and
should a wet season follow, spoil
the crop. To make fancy Tobac
co early planting is absolutely
necessarv, so it can inatureinthe
early fall, when the mean temper
ature overages about eighty de
gree day and night, and when
sudden drops of Umjierature sel
dom interfere with the curing.
My crop is generally in the
ground between the 8th and 20th
of May, as near the 10th to 15th
us possible. My Tobacco fields
are now in such excellent order
that very little hoe labor is re
quired, andjthis should commeiH'e
when the plant takes a little root,
with great care, by drawing a lit
tle fresh soil around the plant.
The second and last dressing
should be given when the plant
has well covered the hill, which
should be done very lightly, so as
not to disturb the roots, as such
disturbance would cause it to take
d-jHr root and a second grow th,
which would incline the plant to
coarseness, rendering it more dif
ficult to cure yellow, and nt the
same time making it less valua
ble for Fancy Wrapjers, Cutter
and Smokers, a an excess of fibre
and rank green would unlit it for
fancy work. The plant should
le primed lightly and topjied ac
cording to its growth. If vigor
ous, say twelve, nix teen and some
times eighteen leaves, if it will
stand it. If weakly, top to the
nuitiler you think it can mature
properly not to dwarf the size.
The worms should U closely
watched and not allowed to eat
hole in it.
It i always best to build your
barn on top of some elevated
point, to give it pcrfVet drainage
from every side, for during ruiny
sjtell jiercolating water would
form spool in it and thereby put
the management of the curing
beyond control, and then after
ctfres are effect!, the color could
not lie held in it barn continually
damp.
The largest size bam in West
Virginia range nlut twenty
by twenty feet in the clear and
eight tiers high, yet the eighteen
by eighteen feet barn can be eas
ier controlled in unfavorable
weather, and during a late, chilly
fall Many planters leave a space
of an inch lietweun the roof and
plate wall, so as to cause the hot
air to draw uniformly to all sides,
equally as well as up through the
top of the roof. Most of the plant
ers build log barns and daub the
cracks with mud mortar from
bottom to top. yet afrumehouse
made air tight will answer every
purpose.
My time for cuttingcommences
about the last week in August,
and ends the last of September.
I aim to cut the most uniform
plants first, should the difference
in size make it necessary, seeing
that the size and texture run as
nearly alike as possible so the
treatment of heat degrees may
act on all alike, yellow ing alto
gether, and setting or fixing the
color of all just at the critical
stage, which could not be done
with large and small plants of dif
ferent character hung promiscu
ously in the same barn, for the
heat which would save the light,
silky textured plants would spoil
the Heavier, coarwr plants, or ut
least make a less successful cure
under the best management. I
handle the plants with great care
to prevent bruisingtheleafincut
ting, and hang immediately in the
barn before it wilts, soeacli plant
can swing freely w ithout crowd
ing, so each plant can swing free
ly without crowding, admitting
of free circulation of the hot air
uniformly through it, and start
the fi res at once, guarding against
fluctuations of temiernture, and
in order to guard against these
fluctuations of temperature it is
best to have" two () theriuome
ters, one hung outside at a few
rods from the bam, as u basis for
working the heat degree of the
inside thermometer. For con
venience it wouid lie lcst to bore
an auger hole overn pa neof glass
previously inserted iu the barn,
and run a reed or pole through,
attaching the thermometer to the
end of it. so it could hung in the
center of barn to get the average
heat, and when wanting to in
spect it draw ing it out so it could
be wen (a short intervals)
through the glass without going
fli and out, chilling the barn with
frequent draught of cold air dis
turbing the heat.
All things being ready, and the
outside thermometer registering
say eighty degnv natural tern
jterature. ami the day soft, run
the first heat up to 110 degrees,
holding nt this a half hour,
drenching the floor a ml wall with
water every few minute. The
object of the water is Ut p.oduee
a steamy vajor. or closeness in
the barn, that hastens theyellow
ing. and also prevent the T
baeeo from drying, or the sap
from wtting before t he yellowing
ha leen fully completed, which,
of course, would ruin the cure.
Watch the outside thermometer,
and if i! i still eighty degree or
along there, and your tobacco
thoroughly wilted, run your heat
up to 120 or 125 degree, sprin
kliug the wait, andcooliiigdowu
the Hue to the outside tciiiera
ture of eighty, or about, closing
the door, and letting it remain
in this condition three or four
hour. Now run up to 120 de
gruci, cooling down quickly (by
applying water as More) tooutj
side temperature as before. Again
run the heat from 100 to 120 de
grees, ,and hold there eighteen
hours, applying the water fre
quently, or at each firing, not
cooling down any more by water,
but holding at 120 degrees eigh
teen hours, in conjunction with
the water, just to keep the air
moist.
You observe that I alternate
firing up and cooling down with
water up to this poiut, omitting
the cooling down the last eigh
teen hours only, and now I leave
off the water entirely, as the Lug
leaves are now yellow and will
sponge or brown if not dryeci off
to set the color. My object in
using the water up to this time,
is to keep the sap flowing and to
keep up the yellowing process,
which is hastened by my method,
ami arrested just at the proper
time to catch the yellow color in
the larger portion of the plant
and also have the Lugs, as they
are the first to yellow. Most
carers in trying to make a good
cure of the Leaf lose the Lugs, for
they do not use water, and the
Lng browns orrunsredbefofethe
rest of the plant is sufficiently yel
low to fix or eet the color. It
generally takes thirty-six hours
from the first firing to yellow a
house of average Tobacco, and
probably a fraction longer for
very heavy bodied and 4jammy
Tobacco before we are ready for
the dry heat.
Let the planter keep in mind
that the yellowing of Tobacco is
the foundation of a good ,or bad
job of curing, according to its
completeness.
I now run the heat up to 110
degrees to save the Lugs, so as to
fix the yellow color, and keep
them from browning, and only let
the heat remain atllOalioutflve
minutes, when I draw thefirefrom
the flues, let them cool dow n, and
close the doors, allowing it to re
main cool three or lour hours.
You will observe that 110 dry
heat, w ith water omitted during
this short time, is sufficient to set
the color of the Lugs, and at the
same time not sufficient to stop
the yellow ing process of the thick
er leavesatove, and especially the
t- p leaves, which are heavier and
longer in yellowing. Run the heat
now to 105 and 110, and hold
there for six hours, ventilating
from equal distances around the
bottom of the barn. The Leaf
should lie curling at the tips, or
curing slowly at this stage. Now
advance the heat to 115, and
hold six hours. Tbenadvanceat
the rate of two degrees per hour,
until you reach 125 degrees.
Touch the back of your bands to
the leaves, and if sweating or
sticky. oen the doors and let it
cool down as near as possible to
100 degrees. When dryed off,
raise the heat back to 125, and
then gradually run it up to 140
degm in six or eight hours,
which will about cure up the Leaf.
Shut up ull the air vents around
the bottom of the bams and ad
vamv the heat at rate of tire de
gnv per hour until you reach
185, and hold at this until the
stalk is .erfeetly cured, for If any
sap is left in the stalk it will after
winds l absorbed by thedry leaf
like a sjKuige drinking water, and
streak it down the stem, injuring
its market value thereby.
I At mecautiou you particular
ly about fluctuatingtemperature
in the cure of Tobacco. Late in
the tall, or during a sudden fall of
teuqierature, the outside ther-
lotitimnilon 7th i'age.
aSS(P"