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ALABAMA
BV WILEY, M‘GUIRE & HENRY.
TUSCALOOSA, SATURDAY MORNING, JULY 23, IS31.
VOLUME III....NUMBER 17.
From the Museum of Foreign Literature, Science, Mid Art.
BEAUTY.—By Charles Swais.
• There’* beauty in the soft, warm, summ- r room,
When leaves an- sparkling with early dew ;
When birds awake, and bud* and flowers are born,
And the rich sun appears, half trembling, through
Th- crimson haze, and dim luxurious blue
Of the far eastern heav’iwt—there*# beauty deep
Fnun mountain-tons to catch the distant view
Of quiet jrien-wood, path-wild craggy steep—
Or cool sequester’d coast where lonely waters Sleep.
* There’s beauty in the noontide atmosphere ;
When willows bend their graceful boughs to meet
Th • fountain waters—delicately clear ;
When mid-day heaven the wild lark carOl* sweet:
Tlu re’s beauty in the tender traits which heel
Along the skinj shorn * and isles of gold—
That seCIU just formed for holy angel's feet— f
G learning with gills of an immortal mould . inoui.
God !—could'hy name be lost, while men such scenes be
4 Tlier*’rbea«ity in the still, blue hour of night,
Wh, nstreams »mg softly through the moonlight vale ;
When, one by on-, slmot forth the stars of light
Dreamy and cold,ami spiritually pale :
Th-. re’s beauty on 4»e ocean when the gale
D ish, s the merry billows to the strand,
When like a phantom flits some wandt ring sail,
White a# the moonbeannn the glitt’ring sand.
And distant flute-notes rise, touched by some skilful hand.
4 There’s beauty in thtVfream* of early life—
Beauty and splendor, ami romantic light—
Wh.ii golden sleep with fkiry gifts i« riff,
And angels visit ns-i xce. <mg bright !
When tempi, s form.d oftm nch dews ol bight
Image a thousand rainbows k-and the trets
With ivory bough* and blouoju si ver white—
Wake h -aven.y music to the *cr»d bretze 1
An 1 ships of amber float upon he diamond seas'
4 Th re’s beauty on the qui.tWke afar,
Wh n wild birds sleep upon its tucekss br.ast —
Toe lonely mirror of a single *lHt\
Pale shining in the solitary west;
XI. r.’s harmony and lieauty in Hut rest—
So p.aci I—stirk ss—lonely-and s,>iWp—
W scarcely move, or dare to wlnsp. y-lest
A word should ur. Mk ihe magic of thg sleep, ,
And start the spirit-nymphs who wut^i around it keep.
»There’s beauty i-i the old moiiMtkiilr,
Wh n purple twilight lik, a nun a|*u,*s
Bending o’er minid arch—and wa ud aklc—
M ti% Stic g one* of tU parted years,
Whilst dark above the victor-ivy rears
Its s icrilegions banner o\ r th. shrine,
Oace holy with a dying martyr’s oars ;
Yet amidst dust—ami darkn. ss—and d, cunt*,
A beauty mantles still the edifice divine .
* Tin re’s beauty on the mountains—when tie snow
Ofrbousind ages on tin if fur. In ad Iks;
Purple and glittering in tin suns, t.giuw,
The .gala liglit of th. Italian skies :
When gorg uu«ly the char prismatic dyes
Illumine ic«-built i rehts—crystal walls
That, like Mirrors of the Spin re-, arise ;
Or proud magician's visionary halls,
Arrayed for merry masques—fur pomps and carnivals.
* There’s beauty in the storm .—the far, deep ro4
Of the majestic thunders—like the cheer
Of charging hosts—swells the dilating soul
With hive—deep km — and reverential fear
For Hioi who curbs the whirlwind’s red career,
And grusps the living lightning in his hand
Tor Him who of all beauty is the sphere—
The centre of the glorious and the grand—
The light of sun and star, of heaven amis, a, and land .
Monthly Review.
From the Monthly Magazine.
APHORISMS ON MAN,
BY THK LATE WILLIAM HAZLITT.
The world does not start fair in the race of
time; one country has run its course before
another has set out or even been heard of.—
Riches, luxury, and the arts, reach their ut
most height in one place while the rest of the
globe is in a crude and barbarous state ; de
cline thence forward, and can no more be
resuscitated than the dead. '1 he twelve old
Etruscan cities are stone walls, surrounded
■with heaps of cinders. Rome is but the tomb
of its ancient greatness. Venice, Genoa, are
extinct; and there are those who think that
England has had her day. She may exclaim
in the words of Gray’s Bard—“To triumph
and to die are mine. ” America is just setting
out in the path of history, on the modle of
England, without a language of its own, and
a continent instead of an island to run its ca
reer in—like a novice in the art, who gets a
larger canvass than his master ever had, to
cover with his second-hand designs.
It was shrewdly observed, that the ruin of
States commences with the accumulation of
people in great cities, which conceal and fos
ter vice and profligacy.
A certain bookseller wanted Nrtrthcote to
write a history of art in all ages and countries,
and in all its ramifications and collateral bear
ings. It would have taken a life to execute
it, but the prejecter thought it was as easy to
make the book as to draw up the title-page.
Some minds are as sanguine from a want of
imagination, as others are from an excess of
it: they see no difficulty or objection in the
way of what they undertake, and are blind
to every thing but their own interest and
wtsnes.
There are but few authors who should mar
ry ; they are alreadv wedded to their studies
and speculations. Those who are accustom
ed to the airv regions of poetry and romance,
have a fanciful and peculiar standard of per
fection of their own, to which realities can
seldom come up; and disappointment, indif
ference, or disgust arc too often the result.—
Besides, their ideas and their intercourse
with society make them fit for the highest
matches, if an author, baulked of the god
dess of his idnlitry, marries an ignorant and
narrow-minded person, they have no lan
guage in common: if she is a bluestocking,
thev do nothing but wrangle. Neither have
most writers the means to maintain a wife
and family without difficulty. They have
chosen their part,the pursuit of the intellectu
al and abstracted;—and should not attempt
to force the world of reality into a union with
it, like mixing gold with clay. In this resptet,
the Romish priests were perhaps wiser.—
‘•Fiom every work they challenged essoin
for contemplation sake.” Yet their celibacy
was but a compromise with their sloth and
supposed sanctity. We must not contradict
the course of nature, after all.
There is s ometimes seen more natural ease
and grace in a common gipsey-girl than in
an English court-circle. To demand the rea
son why, is to ask why the strolling fortune
teller’s hair and eyes are black, or her face
«val.
Prom the Baltimore American.
AUDUBON’S BIRDS OF AMERICA.
The National Gazette extracts from the
Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal,—
41 Remarks on Audubon’s Birds of America,
and Ornithological Biography.” High praises
are bestowed on the productions of this dis
tinguished naturalist, who is a native of Lou
isiana, and an honor to the Continent which
has given him birth. But we see with morti
fication, because they are true in this case, or
at least in part, such remarks as the follow
ing:
‘•Mr Audubon left America, and came to
England. His native country was either una
ble to appreciate his genius, nr unable to aid
his effiu ts, and England did both. The Ame
ricans may justly be proud of their achieve
ments, and no people can be more disposed
to boast of their good qualities; but although
they may boast of an Audubon, they must
leave to England the merit of having foster
ed him.”
It must be remembered, indeed, that Mr
Audubon’s work is extremely expensive, and
that our want of wealth which gives him pat
rons abroad, is a circumstance in oar condi
tion, not a mark of illiberally. We rejoice,
at any rate, that Mr Audubon is enabled to
publish his work, a part of the results “ of
the'Unretitited labor of a whole life.”
Its publication was commenced at Edin
aurgh, but difficulties recurring there, it was
ransferred from the first engraver, Mr 1.
H. Lizars, to Mr R. Havell, Jr. a London
irtist. The work was commenced in 1827,
ind the first volume, consisting of 100 platts
s completed. It will be followed by at least
:hree of equal size, which is gigantic for a
look, being 3 feet 3 inches in length, and two
Vet two inches in breadth. Many of the
jirds nre represented of a size to fill their re
ipretive plates.
The critic savs, that any man conversant
with birds will pronounce these plates, se
eded at random, the true representatives of
lature. The characteristics of the species
tre present, the forms and attitudes are co
pious, the occupations are disclosed, the im
igination of a poet has presided over the ar
rangement.
Thus, in plate XXI, Mocking Pirds:—
"The famed songstress of the American
woods has formed her nest in a bush over
grown with Virginia jessamine. A rattle
snake has made his wav to it. Twisted round
the stem, his tail raised in the air, the horri
ble reptile is stretching forward his distpnded
iaws, hissing at the female bird, which, in
her agonv, almost suffers herself to become a
prey to the monster. The male, full of cou
rage, has crept upon the foe, and is aiming a
blow at his eve. A pair of neighbours, at
tracted by the ones of the mocking hints, are
cv'ing the snake from the tops of the twigs,
and meditating a descent.
Again, in Plate LXXVI. Virginia Par
tridgrs n <i r/i Hard by a Hawk:—"The savage
fericitv of the bird of prev, manifested in the
glare of his eye, the bill half open in antici
pation of carnage, and the outstretched ta
lons with which lie is about to seize his terri
fied prey, seemingly perplexed in his choice
by tie number of birds which have in their
teirrr become heaped upon each other, is a
subj et, repugnant perhaps in itself, but ren
der'd intensely interesting by the skill with
wlirh it has been managed. Almost every
pnsible attitude :s exhibited in the group.—
Sene of the partridges are flying off with pal
piating hearts; others are endeavoring to
eiade the murderer’s grasp by dashing side
ling along the ground; some are beaten down
an! hampered by the rest; one upset, and
desperate, meets the foe with its powerless
cliws and open bill. Terror and dismay are
depicted in every countenance. Never before
dd we imagine that the passion of birds could
lx expressed in a manner so intelligible.
*******
“ A peculiar cliarm is given to these re
presentations. by the circumstance that the
rees, plants, and flowers of the districts in
vhicli they occur, are all represented, gene
nllv with surprising accuracy, and always
vith great taste. The flowing festoons of
dinihing shrubs and creepers, hung with
Ij-oad leaves, garlands of flowers, and cltts
tired berries, the lichen-crusted branches of
tie forest trees, and the decayed stumps on
vhicli the woodpeckers seek their food, are
ii themselves objects of admiration.
“It is enough to say that our author has in
■ented a new style in the representation of na
tiral objects ; for so true are his pictures, that
le who has seen and examined them, can nc
icr again look with pleasure on the finest pro
luctions of other artists. To paint like Au
dubon, will henceforth mean to represent Na
ture as she is.”
Mr Audubon seems to have been impelled
to these pursuits, not with a view to fame,
hut by a pure passion for studying nature.
His method was, to follow the bird lie was de
sirous of figuring, to steal on it unperceived,
observe its motions and attitudes, and then
shoot it. He restores it to its favorite or< har
acteristic attitude by a method of his own.
“Observing nature with the eye of an en
thusiastic admirer, Mr Audubon has travers
ed the dark forests of America, following the
track of the discomfitted andd isconsolate In
dian, has penetrated her cane-brakes and cy
press-swamps, teeming with the loathsome and
dangerous forms of reptile life, visited her
ocean lakes, wandered by the margins of her
magnificent rivers, and paddled his solitary
canoe over the floods that have spread con
sternation and torror among the inhabitants
of the alluvial plains of her midland regions.”
Accompanying the first volume of the “Birds
of America,” appears another of smaller di
mensions, blit still somewhat “on the grand
scale,” to which is given the title of “Orni
thological Biography, or an account ef the
Habits of the Birds of the United States of
America.” It contains, as its title-page in
forms us, “Descriptions of the objects repre
sented in the work, entitled, the Birdsof Ame
rica, interspersed with delineations of Ameri
can Scenery and Manners.”
"Stirelv,” says the critic, “if ornithology
so treated, does not excite so much interest as
a novel ora romance, it must be owing to the
utter perversity of the human race.”
Tranulati il from the Courier dt i Ktat* Unit.
The Comet of 1832.—The French j urnals
have had much tn sav, these two years past,
about the comet wlrch is to make its appear
ance in 1832. Tht German journals begin to a
nuise their readers w'th the chimerical appre
hensions, wlrch the future appearance of this
star may inspire. The fact is, that this c"met
might approach the earth nmrh nearer tlr n
:t actually will approach it, without furnishing
the least ground for fear. It is known that in
1770, a comet approached within 750,000
leagues of the earth, atv ut nine times the dis
tance of the moon ; and those who arc ac
quainted with astronomy have not forgot, that
Lalande has computed 13,000 leagues to he
the distance at which a comet could produce
any sensihl'e derangement of our system. The
fears, which these journals propogate, arise
from this: that the Comet of 1832 will pass
near the orbit of the earth (within 4 diameters
and a half, 13 or 14,000 leagues) so that, if the
earth be at that point of its orbit which shall
be for an instant, near the Comet, some de
ranging phenomena may perhaps result; but
this case is far from possible for the year 1832.
A citizen of Aix, M. Saillier, has in his pos
session a great number of papyrus manusciptsj
M. Champollion, the younger, who embark
ed in 1829 from Marseilles for Egypt, has vi
sited this precious collection, and discovered
that two of the rolls of papyrus contain The
History of the soars andreign of Sesostris the
Great. This MS. is dated, the ninth year
of the reign of this monarch. Sesostris Rham
ses or the Great, according to the calculations
of the German chronologists, lived in the time
of Moses; he was the son, as they presume,
of Pharaoh who perished in the Red Sea,
while in pursuit of the Hebrews. The MS.,
which after thirty-three ages of oblivion, M.
Champollion has just recovered, as it were by
miracle, may contain some details in rela
tion to the great events chronicled in Holy
Writ, of an interest which can easily be ima
gined, On the second of August, the acade
mic society of Aix listened to a report of M.
Siillier concerning this discovery. We will
add to the above, that the researches, which
M. Champnllion has already made in Egypt,
have modified his ideas upon certain points of
the history of that country and the order of
succession of the ancient kings. He still be
lieves that Sesostris is not the same with
Rhamses the Great,but Rhamses Mej-Amun,
(the love of Jove) the founder of the nineteenth
dynasty. Whoever he may be, our enter
prizing traveller has obtained, from the new
anti numerous data he has received during his
travels, many striking and precious confirma
tions of the facts which tire mentioned in the
Bible. Me has likewise recovered the por
trait of Sesrnchis. founder of the twenty-se
cond dynasty, (the Sesak of our holy books)
and a b is-relief which refers to this monarch’s
invasion of Judea.
The Acoustic Chair.—The ancients were
more conversant with the origin and f u mo
tion of s-unds than ourselves ; the famous ca
vern of Dionysius the tyrant,hewn iu the r clt,
so as to resemble in its sinuosities the interior
contours of the human ear and transmit to a
distance the slighest murmurs, is a sufficient
proof of their prngrcss'in the science of acous
tics. It is likewise known that the Greeks
invented very ingenious means to augment the
compass of tiie voice in their theatres. Mr
Curtis,who for several vvuvk haw studied the
dlseasesi f the ear, lias lately invented a chair
wlvch is provided with a cylinder or tanib nr,
and c. nstic pipes fur the use i f the deaf. It
is sufficient only to sit in it to undetstand a
conversation in a suppressed voice which may
he carried on in any part of the room. The
pipi s transmit with great distinctness the low
tones, which are uttered at a distance. We
have made a trial of it, and could distinguish,
in this marvellous chair, the minutest inflex
ions of the voices of persons, who were whis
pering in tiie opposite extremity of the apart
ment; and an air, played by a musical snuff
box, in a room separated by an entry from the
one where we were sitting, fell on our ear as
clearly as if it were placed upon a table by
our side.
Hatley’t Comet,or the Comet of 1834—There
are few comets that arc visable to the naked
eye, and on this account the comet, whose re
turn figures among the calculated memora
bilia of the year 1834, is entitled to an early
and special notice. So far as modern obser
vations reach, this comet was seen for the
first lime in the year 1465, and it approached
to a distance of 11,700,COO miles from the sun
on the 8th of June in that year. It came near
the earth, and under favorable circumstances;
presenting itself with peculiar splendor and
remarkable brilliancy; travelling with a tail
extended over a third portion of the firma
ment, and affording a spectacle of far greater
beauty than it ever exhibited since these
times. Its next appearance was in 1531; and
on the 15th day of August, it was at a dis
tance of 21,60' ,000 miles from the sun.—
The period of its revolution was, therfi re, as
certained to be seventy-five years, two months
and seventeen days. Calculating each of
its revolutions at seventy-five years, the re
turn of this comet might have been predicted
for the year 1606, or 1607; and, in fact, it did
return in 1607. It approached nearest the sun
cn the 26th of October, when it was 11,750,
000 miles distant front it. The period of its
revolution had consequently been seventy-six
years, two months and one day—one twelve
month longer than the preceding; whence it
is obvious, that its progress had been disturb
ed by some planet, or other strange body. It
was of considerable magnitude, its head be
ing of the size of the planet Jupiter; but its
light was weak and nebulous ; it had a long
tail, and this was also feeble in its rays as if
overspread with vapors.
The revolutions of this comet having been
of 75 or 76 years duration, it followed that its
return would occur in 16S2 or 1683. This
calculation was confirmed by its reappear
ance in 1682, when its nearest approximation
to the sun took place on the 14th September,
on which day it was distant from it 11,650,000
miles. It was now for the first time r bserv
ed with any degree of accuracy, by Halley,
from whom it has consequently been denomi
nated “Halley’s Comet.” This astronomer
compared the results of his several observa
tions with those made on the comets of the
year 1607 and 1531, and found them closely
to correspond w.tli one another; from which
he was led to infer, that the three appear
ances belong to one and the same body. On
this occasion, its revolutii n ami tinted to 74
years, ten months and eighteen days—giving
a mean duration of seventy-five years and a
iitiiia xi.un.-y jji cuit-icu uic raimi 01 uit*
comet in the year 1759. At first, however,
it seems as if the event would in t realize tin
prediction, as the comet was tardy in appear
ing ; hut to the delight of every astroiu mer,
it became visible at last, and put an end to
the doubt which had hitherto existed as to
the durable nature of such bodies as comets.
It attained its solar elevation on the 13th of
M rr.h, when its distance from the sun was
11,650,000 miles, and was of inferior size to
what it had been on it, last appearance. Its
tail was but lightly illuminated, and not dis
cern ble except when the sky was clear; on
which acc tint no precise judgement could
be f rmed of its length.
The weakness of its irradiation was princi
pally owing to its unfavorable position. Its
last revolution had been seventy-six years
and six moots. It may reasonably be asked,
why the comet consumed a whole twelve
nmnth more in its revolution than was natural
to it ? To this it may be answered, and upon
very accurate calculation, that it first display
ed itself close upon the planet Jupiter, which
influenced and retarded its movement. Hence
it appeared at a somewhat later period than
Halley had foretold. The return of the co
met in our days ought to take place in the
year 1834, but it is possible it may be so far
influenced by Saturn and Uranus, as-notto
make its appearance before 1835, or even
1S36. Numberless calculations have already
been formed on this event; and we must leave
it to time todetermine which of them are cor
rect. Neither can we predetermine what
will be the degree of its brilliancy, or the ex
tent of its tail ; these are matters which seem
to depend on circumstances beyond the sphere
of our present knowledge_From a Jia/ier
by Dr Hartman, of Berlin.
An enthusiastic young sailor, extracts from
whose journal arc published in a Barnstable
paper, glowingly describes the island of Juan
Fernandez, where Selkirk was so long 'mo
narch of all he surveyed.’ He says it appears
more like the garden of Eden, than any place
he (ver heard of. The valley is surrounded
by high, steep, and craggy mountainis, which
fomt a noble contrast to the garden below,
throigh whose openings the wind often comes,
withlthe violence of a tornado and threaten
mg dcstructir.il to the snips that lie in the hay.
This valley is a level space, of eleven or more
acres, covered with rich looking grass, that
denotes a fertile soil; while fruit trees are
so thick as to form a beautiful shade, through
which vines ami ra se bushes of various kinds
and flowers of all colors, seem to strive which
shall inherit the largest share of the bowers
formed by their own weaving, among the
peach, cherry and fig trees. These are
thronged with singing birds, whose musical
notes, nearly transport the observer to the
upper regions, while beneath all these beau
ties of nature a soft murmuring rivulet is
heard gently rippling by. For one,says he, who
had been tossed ah ait by the winds and waves
for months,as 1 had, to be at one placed in the
midst of tins most delightful spot of nature, to
be Mins undid by all that can please the eye
or engage the ear—to see before you nature’s
1 iveliest fruits—to bear the secret melody of
ten thousand birds that are continually warb
ling here, lie would scarcely believe it real—
he weuld fancy same fairy wand bad touched
bis itmg'natn n.”
We are somewhat at a loss after this to un
derstand Selkirk’s inquiry—
“ 0 Solitude where are tliv clinrmsl"
Alexandria Gazette.
Byron.—In looking over Moore’s Byron,
one cannot fail to be impressed with ,1'h
truth of the remark, that “the records <1
genius are full of strange contradictions.’’—
II s letters “ show hi::: to have been the child
of impulse on small, lb ugh the mm of de
cision on great i evasion.-,. ” The hero \vh:
volunteered bis life for Italy, and gave it to
Gree ce, c uld not enter a carriage or mount
a horse without trembling. The philosopher
who moralized in “Clulde Harold,” was
stung to the quick because his I) irkseller had
neglected to send him over some Macassar oil
for his hair. The decided critic on the works
of others, was distrustful and undecided i n
his own. The misanthropist who sc irned the
world,writhed under the sneeis of the fan].—
The aristocrat by birth and prejudice, spent
his life in advocating the cuu.>c of freedom and
the people. The generous enthusiast, who
gave away his thousands in charity, bought a
saving box to fill with pence!—Middlesex
Gazelle.
An English lawyer, Mr Joseph Parkes, has
published at London, an edition of the New
York Statutes relating to real estate and the
Court of Chancery. He says in his preface,
“ J'as ft! ab haute do ceri is a maxim univer
sally admitted ; but happily in a period of
profound peace, the opportunity exists of
gathering the experience of friends. The
United States of North America are chiefly
indebted to England for their colonization,
language, literature, arts and sciences, and
for the spirit of liberty which now constitutes
them a great and independent nation.—
To profit by their experience is incurring no
debt, and the parent country derives reflected
honor from every approach they make to
wards good government and national im
provement.”
The following is copied from a late Liver
pool paper, and shows what astonishing per
formances are already realized upon the Rail
Road there. The same may be looked lor
upon that now advancing from Baltimore to
the Ohio:
Liverpool and Manchester Railway Com
ttony.—The importance of this company to
the general interests of the community be
comes every day more apparent. In the best
periods of the coach system of management,
750 or 800 passengers a day was the most
that could he conveyed to and fro in one day.
In the present mode of conveyai cc by the rail
way, there appears to be no limits to its pow
ers of accommodation. On Wednesday lust,
upwards of 2000 persons were conveyed, which
was considered to he an almost incredible fact;
yet this number was exceeded yesterday, for
no fewer than 2500 passengers, and 400 tons
of goods passed between both towns.
Remarkable conduct of a Horse.—The
(Indiana) Times contains the following anec
dote:—“ Mr Israel Abrahams, in the vicini
ty of this town, has a horse that will, of his
«wn accord, pump a sufficiency of water for
all the other horses on the farm. We have
witnessed him, when turned loose in the barn
vard, go directly to the pump, take the han
dle of the pump between his teeth, and throw
the water with as much regularity as a man
would, until lit would pump enough for his
companions and himself, when he would
drink and dehbentely retire. No pains were
e' er taken, or means used, to teach him a bu
siness which proves a great accommodation
to himself, are relieves his owner of conside
rable labor.”
How strong mist be maternal affection?—
How c.l. se its hold upi n tlie heart! Even in
the wreck of intellect, when reason swings
from its moorings, it clings to the bosom, and
lives on when all else—when hope itself, is
dead. We are told by a p iper published*in
the interior of Penns) Ivan.a, that lust year the
child of an idiol young woman about 23 years
old, was taken from her to a nurse. It was
sent to the other side of the Susquehanna, but
the mother swam across the river to get to
the baby. This is a simple and touching f,.ct.
Well and truly lias Mrs Piemans sung,
In nil tlm coM an I hollow world,
Then* is no fount of deep, at rung, deathless love,
Like that within a Mother's luiust.
Trim’s explanation of the Fifth Command
ment.—“Pr’ythee, Trim,” quoth iny father,
“what do’st thou mean, by honoring thy fa
ther and mother ?” “ Allowing them, an’t
please your honor, three pence a day, out of
my pr.y, when they grow old.” And didst
thou do that, Trim!”said Yorick. “He did,
indeed,” replied my uncle Toby. “Then,
Trim,” said Yorick, springing outofhis chair
and taking the Corporal by the hand, “ thou
art the best commentator upon that part of
the Declogue; and I honor thee more for it.
Corporal Trim, than if thou hudst had a hand
in the Talmud itself.”
Philological.—The following very erudite
and satisfactory account of the origin of the
word “retlrai y" about which so much has
been lately written, is given by the Ohio Ga
zette.
“Its origin, we believe, we of Ohio may
boast: an Orator of our Legislature is said to
have said “ Mr Chairman—it really doth ap
peared! unto me, that the gentleman up last
is somewhat chagrinated at my remarks about
the aborgoynes—now rather than take the
course that gentleman lias taken, I would ra
ther pull up stakes and go into a state of reti
racy among those same aborgoynes.”
charleston, (9.C.; June 5.
His Excellency dmlrew Jackson, President
of the United States:
Sir: The undersigned* on behalf of their
fellow citizens of “the Union rind State Rights
Party,” have the honor to invite you to a Din
ner given on the approaching Fourth (if July,
in celebration of the Anniversary of American
Independence.
Had wc regarded this return of the birth day
of our nation, as an era of merely ordinary im
port, we should net perhaps have taken the
liberty to present ourselves to you. Rut the
case is far otherwise.
As a native of the State of South-Carolina,
and one whom she has always delighted to
honor, wc do not doubt, Sir, that yon havc
felt t.nch interest in the expressions of senti
ment and opinion, which have been elicited
during the progress of affairs among us, as to
lie fully aware of the great lines of distinction
drawn between the several parties in the State,
as well as (! the portentous omens which
threaten us with civil convulsion. It is well
knownito y» u and to the world, that the late
politic d discussions .and events have tended to
loosen those hands of fratei n il aff etinn which
once u lited the remotest parts rf our great
empir . Giograph’cal limits are familiarly
referral to as c mnected with separate and dis
j dnt( dlintt r sts, and too many of mr youth
are graving up, as we fear, and deeply la
ment, in the danger us belief that these inter
ests are inc unpatible and c •ntrast- d.
We conceive it, S r, to be a matter of infin
ite imp rt.mec to our country, that these fa
tal errors should he prom ply corrected, and
the feelings wlrch they engender tlv'roughlv
eradicated, that the ancient ties of friendship
mavonce more knit closely t~get!u r the sev
eral members rf cur happy confederacy. It is
01/r special aim to revive in its full force, the
benign spirit of Union—to renew the mutual
confidence in each other’s good will and pat
riotism, without which the laws and statutes,
and forms of government rf these States, will
exist in vain. We disclaim from the bottom
of our hearts, all political or part y purpose of
local nature or circumscribed extent. We
esteem as brethren and associates all who cor
dially unite with usin devotion to our common
country, and in the firm resolution to defend
her institutions, and transmit them unimpair
ed to the generations that shall succeed us.
Vour sentiments in relation to this subject are
well kenwn, and have been repeatedly an
nounced, and we arc proud to regard you, Sir,
as one of our fathers and leaders.
In this spirit, and with these views, wc re
quest the honor of your presence on the ap
proaching occasion. The citizens of Charles
ton have flattered themselves with the hope
that you would be able, without inconven
ience, to comply with their invitation, urged
sometime since through the municipal au
thorities. May web" permitted to indicate
the period of your visit, so far as that it shall
include the Anniversary of the Declaration of
Independence.
With the most respectful consideration, sir,
we have the honor to be your Excellency's
cb’t serv'ts, Committie of derangements.
Washington City, Junr 14th, 1831.
Gentlemen—It would afford me much
pleasure, could I at the same time accept your
invitation of the 5th inst. and that with which
I was before honored by the municipal au
thorities of CharliM n. A necessary atten
tion to the duties t f my office, must deprive
me of the gratification I should have had in
paying, under such circumstances, a visit to
the State of which I feel a pride in calling my
self a citizen by birth.
Could I accept your invitation, it would be
with the hope that all parties—all the men of
talent exalted patriotism, and private worth,
who have been divied in the manner you th
scribe, might he found united before the altar
of their country, on the day set apart for the
solemn celebration of its independence—inde
pendence which cannot exist without Union,
and with it is eternal.
Every enlightened citizen must know, that
a separation, could it be effected, would begin
with civil discard, and end in colonial depen
danr.e on a foreign Power, and obliteration
from the list of nations. But he should also
sec that high and sacred duties which must
and will at all hazards, he performed, present
an insurmountable harrier to the success of any
plan of disorgani zation, by whatever patriotic
name it may he decorated, or whatever high
feelings may be arrayed far its support. The
force of these evident truths, the effects they
must ultimately have upon the minds of those
who seem fi r a moment to have disregarded
them, make me cherish the belief I have ex
pressed, that could I have he*n present at
votir celebration, I should have f und all par
ties concurring to promote the object of your
association. You have distinctly expressed
that object—“to revive in its full force the be
nign spirit ( f Union, And ta renew *i'e mutual
confidence in each othci’s goad will and pat
rbt'sm.” Such endeavors, calmly and firmly
persevere d in cannot fail of sue. ess. Such sen
timents are appropriate to the celebration oi
that high festival, which c> mmemorates the
simultaneous declaration of Union und Inde
pendence—and wlun on the return of that
day, we naturally renew the pledge that oui
hemic fathers made, of life, < f fortune, and oi
sacred honor, let us never forget that it was
given to sustain us as a United, not less than
an Independent people.
ivnowing as i <u>, tne private worm ana
public virtues of distingtiisl ed citizens to whom
declarations inconsistent with an attachment
to the Union have been ascribed, 1 cannot hut
hope, that if accurately reported, they were
the effect of momentary excitement, not de
liberate design ; and that such men can never
have formed the project < f pursuing a course of
redress through any other than constitutional
means; but if I am mistaken in this charitable
hope, then in the language of the father of our
country, I would conjure them to estimate
properly “theimmense value of your nation
al Union to your collective and individual hap
ipness;” to cherish “a cordial, habitual, and
immoveable attachment to it ; accustom your
selves to think and speak of it as the palladium
of your political safety and prosperity, watch
ingfor its preservation with jealous anxiety ;
discountenancing whatever may suggest even
a suspicion that it can in any evcnt.be abandon
ed and indignantly frowning upon the first
dawning of every attempt toalinate any portion
of ourcountry from the rest, or to enfeeble the
sacred ties which now link together the va
rious parts. ”
Your patriotic endeavors, Gentlemen, to
lessen the violence of party dissention, cannot
be forwarded more effcctualy than by incul
cating a reliance on the justice of our Na
tional Councils, and pointing to the fast ap
proaching extinction of the public debt, as ar
event which must necessarily produce modi
fications in theBevenue System, by which all
! interests, und^St'spirit of mutual accomada
t;nn and couses&ion, will be probably protect
ed.
The grave subjects introduced in yrur
letter of invitation, have drawn fiom rpe the
finnk exposition of opinions, which I have
neither interest nor inclination to contra'.
Grateful for the kindness yen have p rsc
nally expressed, T renew my expressions of
regret that it is not in my power to accept
your kind invitation ; .ind have the honor to be
with great respect.
Your obedient and humble servant,
(Signed) ANDREW JACKSON.
FROM EUROPE.
By this ship James Cropper, Capt. Gray,
tlie editors of the New-York Gazette have
received a Bristol paper of the 31st May—
containing London dates to the 30th May
anil Li ndon papers to the 2Sth of the same
month.
The report of O’Gorman Mahon’s having
been killed in a duel, is without foundation.
In England all is quiet, and the greatest con
fidence entertain d hv the people in the suc
cess of the lie firm Bill.
The King has conferred the order of the
Garter upon Erl Grey.
London, Afcy 30//;.—Although the discuS
s‘n ns concerning the election of Prince Leo
pold to the throne of Belgium have not yet
commenced, it isevident, from the prelimina
ry proceeding*.mil the express declaration of
the deputies, that his Royal Highness will
have a great majority of the Congress in his
favor. Out of 122 of the members present,
9C declared themselves his supporters, and
only, two proaou'nccd themselves against him,
the rest reserving their vrfi.es.—Times.
Trench jinny.—A Pal Mian letter-writer
says, I am informed that the returns <>f the ef
fective strength of the French army, fully
rquiped, drilled and armed, received at the
War Office last Saturday, gave a force of
207.000. Conscripts and recruits now drill
ing and moving to their respective stations,
97.000. The National Guards of France, all
now fully armed, and under arms, are said to
amount to 750,000. One million is the round
number returned, or rather estimated, from
written enrolments, hut I understand the ac
tual strength is what 1 have given.
From the London Times of the 27th.
Wc publish with unfeigned satisfaction,
letters frow Warsaw, bringing intelligence
frt m the Polish armies so late as the 16th:—
only 11 days old. Those communicate a gal
lant and important exploit of the Patriot, Ge
neral Chrz mnwski, who was despatched by
the- Commander-in-chief with a corps of
fl.OOO men to disturb the left flank and rear of
the Russian army,an expedition intoVolhynia,
which was conducted with marvelous intre
pidity and successive lines of Russian posts,
heating the enemy in several engagement*,'
and though in the midst of 24,000 Russians,
under Generals Kreutz amt Witt, capturing
800 prisoners, with which he entered the for
tress of Zamosc in triumph. The main ob
ject of this well-conceived and brilliant enter
prise was to substitute a new force in Volhy
nia for that which, since the misfortunes of
General D wernicki.has been withdrawn from
the Patriot cause, by the more than dubious
unfriendliness of Austria towards the Polish
liberties. The new Chieftain has thus proved
himself at the outset a worthy successor to
the brave and skilful Dwcrnicki; though we
trust lie is not destined to experience the'
same vicissitude of war or the same treachery
from pretended neutrals.
IVanaw, May 16.—The Russian army
has again advanced somwhat nearer to War
saw, part of which, with the Guards,"have
marched in the direction of l’lock.
Oil the 13th iast. a considerable Polish
force, under the Comiiiander-in-Chief, made
a forced march of eight German miles, and
the head quarters were on that day establish
ed at Jablonna, and on the evening of the 14th
at Scrock, about 18 miles (English) from Pra
ga, and now Pultusk. With this party, form
ing the right wing of the Russian army, in
telligence of a battle is daily expected; the
issue will, no doubt, add fresh laurels to Po
lish valor.
The main Polish army is considerably ad
vanced beyond Pultusk. Demby Wielki is
occupied, beyond which point the Russian*
ary not likely to advance ; they have already
suffered here severely on two several occa
sions, and refused to give battle on the 26th
ult. although demonstrations to flat effect'
were made bv their main army.
Ivaraaiv, May 16.—I have just tune be
fore the post leaves merely to state what was
before doubtful, which is now confirmed by
an i facial communication, relative to Gene
ral Chrznowski. The General received or
ders to march to Zamosc with a corps of 8,
000 men for the purpose of causing a diver-*
sicn in Volhynia, and, in fact, replacing Ge
neral Dwernicki, who was forced to retire in
to Gui!:rut. He c!the shortest way,
penetrating through tite enemy’s positions,
through Keck, Luhartown, and Rrasnisl*w.
He made forced marches of 81 miles(English)
in three days, beat the Kusssians in three se
veral battles, and brought 800 prisoners to
Zamosc on the 16th inst. The fate of this
corps excited much anxiety, as he was sur
rounded hv the enemy’s forces of 24,000 men,
and cut off from all succor for a whole week.
The cholera tnorbns is no longer a subject
of alarm : it has wonderfully decreased with
in the last week; it is now fatal to very few,
and not many new cases.
The French papers of Friday, contain a
long report (copied from a Warsaw paper) ot
the proceedings of the Lithuanian insurgents,
presented to the National Government of Po
land by an envoy from Lithuania. The insur
rection is said to have extended to Grodno and
Minsk, and the Government of Wilna alone
is said to have 60,000 insurgents under arms.
They have established provisional Govern
ments, and have begun foundarics of gun
powder. The peasants fight with the great
est bravery against their Hussian oppressors,
and “ if Lithuania falls,” says the report,
“she will carry to lice grave the consoling
idea that she preferred to sacrifice every
thing rather than supply arms and means to
subjugate the Poles ami their common coun
ty
Commercial letters from St Petersburg
state that the Hussian officers of the Court,
and other nobles of the land, are clothing,
arming, equipping, at their own expense, an
army of 100,000 men to march against the
Poles.
From the Meuager dea Chamber!, dated Thursday.
Nothing new has occurred in Poland dur
ing the last twenty days. It is thought at
Warsaw, and the opinion seems to us to be
well founded, that Marshall Diebitsch waa
awaiting the issue of the events in Volhynia,
in order that he might combine his ulterior op
erations. It is supposed to be his plan to
march on Warsaw with a mast of 140,000
men. He was said to have directed a con