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in Congress. A -Delegate of talent and dignity. '.who b acquainted with tho AT mcricun language and customs, will both render n inestimable stmces at this critical moment, anil gain for us the res poet and good will of the entiro nation. SuckXipaii is Got. Lano. Wo havo neves before, since pnr Territorial organ izntipn, )iii an' opportunity to command tlic-ierv.ees of & man who is ablo to do onr Torritjirj:,.60 much good; and we slirBilitiiM.t tlin fhn?o to enpe o,'j.su;. may not soon havo such another.-. '.' "''." "" Governor Lane. ' Tho address of this gentleman, to the voters of JCcw Mexico, will bo found in pur paper of to-day, in Spanish. It is dear on all points, every ono can seo what his principles are; and what ho maybe expected 1o do in case he is olc& ted to Congress. What ho promises, the peoplo inay cxpect ; fur he is a (nan of low words, but much talent and energy. The' people of this Territory should feel proud to send such a man to Washington, lie is both by nature and education fitted for', the society of tho best men of any country ; and his supporters, at tha ap proaching election, may rest assured that he would take a superior rank among tho distinguished men in tho Congress of tho United States. Unless tho voters of New 'Mexico hasten to avail themselves of tho services of such a man, it is plain that wo must bo content to remain the inferiors of all tho Territories. Gov. 'Lane zealously devoted himsolf ince ho arrived in this Territory to tho faithful discharge of his duties. Ho has not only been a faithful and laborious Governor, but he has shown himself to be emiuenily impartial in all that ha has demo. Tho' truth of what wo s.tato, was so manifest to tho members of the last Leg islaturo,, that they almost unanimously petitioned tho President of tho United 6tatcs to continue him as Governor of tho Territory.. The request was not granted, not from nnv fault or deficiency on the part of Gov. Lane : but from the custom which exists in our government of changing officers, on uvery change, of administration. Such of our readers as may havo tho opportunity of perusing hit address will perceive the excellence ot his principles, n I tho thorough knowl edgo ho has acquired of the wfiits of the ierritory: lney must lie convinced too that tho people will elect him to Congruas o tíint ho may havo mi opportunity of carrying out his views, an era of pros perity will dawn upon our hitherto neg lucteil Territory, such as they may al ways revert to witli pride and pleasure. lie is tho most zealous and able advo cate for a direct Railroad through the Territory that has yet taken up our neg lected cause. Upon tho decision of Con gress, next winter, as to the route which this great national work shall take, de pends tho future destiny of New Mexico. If any man among us is capable of in fluencing the action of Congress on this subject, Gov. Lano is tho man ; and it behooves us as a community governed by tho dictates of common sense, to make ore of his services, now that wo have it in our power to do so. ' Another matter of vital interest to us will receive his closest attention, should ho bo sent to Congress. We allude to the question of hostile Indians who have plundered our country almost from its first settlement to the present time. As regards this question, onr property and lives are really in the hands of the man who may bo our delegate ; for the action of Congress, touching Indian affairs, de pends almost entirely upon tho judgment and cointncndaticns of the Delegate. That Gov. Line bus conceived correct ideas, on this subject, no one can for a moment doubt, lletotally opposes the plan, winch ha been proposed to Congress, offend ing anong us tho Indians of Nebraska, Texas, and California. Not only does he oppose that unjust project, but he goes further anil wishes to move'away those trilies that we already have within our limits. The compara tive exemption from Indian inroads and depredations, which we have enjoyed du ring the past year, is due iu great part to the wisdom of Gov. Lane. . Congress p-encrallv vives to the States. or Territories, a donation in lands, of; many millions of dollars, for the estab- lisliincnt of freo Bchools, nnd the exten ion of education among the musses. An appropriation of that kind was made to New Mexico; but as Congress did not know that tha lands of our Ter ritory aro at this time unavailable for that iimuirtant inmune, wo tnav reason ably expect that a Delegate of energy n4 knowledge, like Gov. Lane, could MiwAed in oblainincr a Brant of money in nW.. oftliH binds. This isamoiiirthe ... . - ' . . f - . 4 I...... . R... .!-!..!. n .......m ... i-i. ..- .e iand - fr 4 Onr limits will not permit us to men tion tho advantages of all his measures, in detail. We must again refer our rea-jses lers to his manifiesto, which so abound- in wisdom and good policy, that it can not fail to meet with tho approbation of every man of intelligence and good judg ment. Hational Prejudice. ' ''" Tho times rcquiro jthat wo should lay aside all false modesty, and speak plainly on this subject to our fellow citizens of New Mexico. Why should we attempt to disgniso so doplorablo a fact, when by candid reasoning, one with another, we may remove, or at least moderate the evil. The sad truth theii is, that tho Mexicans hato the Americans, and many Americans hate the Mexicans. . Wo are gratified to believe, however, that with a few exceptions on both sides, this unnat ural and fatal antipathy, is not indulged by the better and more intelligent classes. It is both a shame and a misfortune that it should exist at all. The Bible, tho oldest and best of books, tells us that a honso divided against it self cannot stand. Tho moral of that saying is applicable to ourselves at this time, If New Mexico be divided against itself it cannot prosper. An hundred men of equal strength cannot move so much as a singlo ounco in weight, if fif ty exert their strength in one direction, and fifty in an opposite direction ; but if they will agree to work harmoniously to gether in the same direction, their united effort will fhovc many times ten thousand pounds. This simple illustration is ap plicable to all th enterprises of mankind. If tho different raees of men in New Mex ico will but consent, as becomes intelli gent beings, to lay aside their bitter prej udices, nnd consult the dictates of reason and common sense ; they will soon per ceive that their happiness and prosperity will be augmented, and that their coun try will blossom like the rose. Head carefully tho address of Gov. Lane, and reflect on what he has told you on this subject. lie tells you that tho United States sprang into existence as a nation, tho year that ho was born only sixty-four years ago. In that short space of time our country, from almost nothing, has become one of the most wealthy, happy, and powerful nations that now exists on tho face of the earth. That nation is composed of people from every civilized country in the world ; but these strange and various people havo uniformly work ed harmoniously together for the com mon good ; and that harmony is tho se cret of their power, their happiness, their wealth, and all the nnspeakable blessings which providenco has sliowerd upon them with so liberal a hand. And are the peoplo of New Mexico go ing to prove themselves to be the only peoplo in the world who cannot and will not unite harmoniously with tho Ameri cans in accomplishing the great and glo rious destinies which lie before them We trust, for their own good and hap piness, that such will not be the case Let us the rather bury tho disgraceful past in utter oblivion, and make a new and better start in hamonious concert, in the accomplishment of more glorious pur poses. It was a sad day for this Territory whon men were found sufficiently de praved, to originate and direct -two polit ical parties, opposing each other, not on principles, but on national antipathies. Men who so act. act like traitors to their country; nnd commit a crime that mer its pardon from neither God nor man. It is high timo that every Ameriean of the better class should begin to turn his back upon such of his countrymen as in dulgo . in low and vulgar abuso of the Mexicans ; and it is equally the duty of the better class of Mexicans to discour age among their countrymen ignorant prejudices and abusivo language towards Americans. The united efforts of a few good men, in this honorable duty, would soon sensibly diminish the crying evil of which wo are speaking, and introduce a state of social intercourse, such as be comes a respectable and well ordered community. Our readers may havo anticipated the chief object which wo havo in view in adverting, at all, to so disagreeable a subject. We desire simply to point out to our Mexican readers the unreasona 'i i- ......... i:..- 4l...! . Gov Lnno in tho approach i ntr election, . P .. menees oí jueiiunij; uic-ir iruiiuiuci iu merelv because ho is an American. For if he 'should be defeated by Padre GaU legas it will be obvious to the world, that the only cause for it will be that ha is an American Imrn citizen. And are the KK)p!e of this Territory willing to say j to the peoplo of the United States that i they opixxto him for no other, and better reason 1 For their good, we believe not; ! for their honor bo believe not. For onr ! I . ' rt-n tini'f VAdn 1 I .imiilv Cmmm, ho ia mi Ameriean io'nr !rili know that onr fint choke u Don Ambrosio Armijo.) but wo can give a better reason tur our course ha posses. every reqnisitu for an excellent and useful Delegate. Now we ask the friends of Padre Gal legos if it is possible for them to say as much in behalf of him I They cannot, and if they elect him, it will be only be cause he is a Mexican born citizen ; and nofbecause he possesses one single qual ification for the office to which he as pires. ,Mf-A 't ; :- r ..,,.Tao. Eailroad. Last winter the Congress of tho Uni ted States appropriated one hundred nnd fifty thousand dollars for tho exploration ofthodifferentroutsfrom the Stats to Cal forma, in order that the best one may Ik selected for tha great Atlantic and Pacif ic Railroad, the most stupendous work that any nation has ever undertaken. According to the superintendent of the census, when the road is completed trav. ellers will he able to go by steam from New Mexico to Sun Francisco, in Cali fornia, in one day and night; and it will rorpiiro but one day and night also to go from New Muxicoto Saint Louis, in Mis souri. We will then be let out of our prison in the mountains, and will he able to see and know something of the great and active world from which New Mex ico has always been cut off. We can then have coffee at 12J cents the pound, sugar at 6 J cents and all oth er necessaries and luxuries oflife propor tionally cheap. We will then see more travel and trade, an I goods, und money, in ono day then wo now see in a lifetime. llie lands of JNew Mexico wliieli are now barren andworthless will at mice ho come so valuable-that evory Ian 1 holder in tha Territory will be rich nnd indepen dent. The minesof silver, gold nnd cop per, which are now worthless on account of the distance from the States, and the difficulty of reaching and working them, will then be all worked, and will then yield more wealth to the Territory in one year, than they could yield In ono linn dred years without a railroad. Every thing that we have or can produce in this country can then be sold, and at a fair price. I he money alono winen w.uiui ue leu m me country oy travelers passing through on tha railroad, would be sitfli- cii nt to enrich the Territory. A single lmtel at. any depot, or stop ping place along the road, would take in more hard cash in one year, than do all the stores now in Santa Fe put together The many hot spring in New Mexico, which aro now worth nothing to their j owners, would propably be worth two I or three hundred thonsan 1 dollars each, ... , , .i i i . ,! if we had a railroad through our country! , fof then, hundreds of people Would visit thorn fiom all parts of the World, These are only a few of the advantages which New Mexico, will derive from the railroad 1 it would require a months wri ting to discribe them all. Now, the question is, will Congress a dopt the route through New Mexico for this great Railroad I wo are sorry to say, that it is very doubtful. Soma of the most talented and influential men in Conoress are in tavor o I m akin or it nass O O I some fifty leagues beyond Taos, whilst others wish it to begin in Texas and go by i i.i tv n-i . ci.( El Paso an 1 the Rio Gila in to Calitor- nia. Our leaders must see, at once, that if Congress should a lopt either of these routes, tho road cannot be of much advan- v w . j . .. tage to ftew Aiexico. it is necessary lor (I... -...I ..1.....1.1 ..a M , A. .1. . ua nun uiu ri'uu Jiioiini j;ii iiiiuuii uiu centre of the Territory, or thiongh it least, somewhere not very far from the 1 centre. The northern route hoovo laos has strong friends in Congress, and so has the Southern routo, by El I'aso ; but what friends has the route through New Mexico i what no friends in Congress. Maj Weightman was in dpty bound to advocate tho New Mexican route, and bring it before the notice of Congress. But he prefered Texas to New Mexico, and went for tha route by El I'aso. Wefeelhappyin announcing to the voters of New Mexico that tha route through tlie ierritory nas at least one tai I t i rt l l l ,i . n entesl ami iweriiii triena. ana mat menu is Governor Lane. He has been from the , favor o( rmmlng the h; by & " wt . ,V ., . " P3lu,u mHi BUl"" route. Now the people of this Territory have the opportunity of secnrinir the eervies of Gtmjrrw, ír ho U now a,can li(ato fnr I tho office of delegate. . Should the people elect Gov. Lane, tha Jicw Mexican Rail road will have a trno riend and advo- ate, a liicnd óf talents, energy, nn'd in Quenco. 'And they may reasonably in dulge the expectation that he can succeed in inducing Congress' to adopt th:' route through onr Territory. " But should they UnlVrtUlintely prefer, Padre. CtalJegoS wlioj hardly knows how to say mass, and ccr- taiuly has. never, seetra. Railroad, the probability is' that wo will always remain as ioor and dispised as wu now aro.,- . On the fifth day if n.xt month the people of New Mexico will have to discharge the most Miiportant duty tliithnscver devol ved up m tli.nl, or that can ever devolve upon th 'in or their posterity in all future time. The question will really he deci ded tin n whither they are to have a Rail mail or not .The chaneca 'will , be.' in their favors with Gov. Lane tor Delegate: but with Padre Gallegos their int'iivsts cm stand no chance at all, in the great struggle where celebrated men. and great, siati'suieii will coiilen I for the victory. The people ol'New Mexico may, in this matter place the fullest confidence in the capacity, and sincerity of Guv. Lane, bo cunsche isti'itrtTexan but in all his feel ings and j iirt'.aüt'us a N w Mexican. The interests oi Missouri ainlNew Mexico are identical in this great Railroad question The routes which the people of Missouri go for should pass directly through New Mexico; and the route which the people of New Mexico want is obliged to start from Missouri, Therefore the interest of New Mexico and Missouri are the same, and the best friend which the peoplo of this Territory could enlist on their side is the man who is alike tho friend of Mis souri, and New Mexico, especially when that man is known to possess talent and influence like Gov. Lane. Wo consider the people of this Territory fortunate to have it in their power to secure the ser vices of sin h a man at so important an epoch. A New Paper. We are requested to state that a new paper is tobe published in Albuquerque, the first numbt r of which will be issued j nuxt Wl,(!k CIltH1(,(1 m Amigf) u pah y j nnM We are not advised as to who are the pioprictors, or the publishers of El Aiip go del Pais; l'on Facundo Pino is the agent in this city, and is now soliciting subscribers. We will notice this stranger more at large when it makes its appearance a- nuuig ns. . The la'epoll' leal evcnis-onr course Mo' r"","r" hvf I'"1'! f"ni Mo" thi. that Padre Gl!ego of Alhiiqueique has been noinÍ!tpd , M for of. )h, .t,t by a few men who call them-dves Dmo- "'"i mi whnt Wl,i I'111' prudence and less 1 '"'r"y: u""e,l"k:" 10 ,form ' ""w W mis icrrir ry, ami 10 o i reel u aiierwarus, 10 ac complish their own selfish ends. The large, nnd we ihink we m y safely ray Ihe most intelligent, portion of the Democrats of New Mexico would have nothing to i'o with this silly movement in Ihe beginning, nor have Ihev given it any countenance since. Tliey ire men who have seen enough t know that Ihe people of the Ter- rilory nave no huainess wiih feJeral politiisi thev have siiHieient ir-nrcl fnr lh tmlli t u:,v Oil. in I p'm, , mi inn, i iiiuii.-iii m imh.micu y rentier- I ..ri ........... ,k. t..:, ' .u.. . I '"h ' K,,nrl "'r I o-iiM.iy, io.i mail III i "eking to eWnte themselves to oflice. The o - ' t,on f"1"-" "P I'v nn h were niic.m.cious ,lf lMr imonf-Mlltf tht tWm f Ml. I Pierce io the Presidency of ihe United ji..ies ; lum w,i ithr foreignm.. or ciiiten.- of only ' fe4V "l0,llh' ilni" '" wl' '"v no peiu.a- "''lit connexion wilh the Ternloiy, We, as a Demo,ra, amsn(? mn, ,,,,. ituJ lMr ,. 1 . . i . , niy, ami reprímale itieir le itemliip It was con- at;'vei1 in u" Ule H'"' u( n'1 motives, and , nim T " nr""'' " 1,8 i onmn The nnmarv ohipel f . nutvi,..! u,t r . to send lo Coneress Mr. Band of Texas, who -had piored himself the worst Indian agent in New Mexico, or some other man equally unworthy and, unfit for seat in Congress Tiie originators of this small faction did not succeed in gelling a : nomination for the particular inwn upon whom they had set their affections, bul Ihey have found and nominated an individual fully as unlit foi so exalted an office. is. i.i.. H... ...i .... .. i. . .,..i.i .... ... position to the ele tion of padre Gallegos, and Ihe remainder of I his article we will devole, in ;;;-"" " w. are conscious of the deplorable fact thatj - 1 mere ns exi.iea, ana mat mer sou exists m i Waur (VTavinA ft 1antr nt similar aiA .li-iiof k&. i 8 T : . , " ' TTJl J'l ÚT,. : , " m'en .; "r Arairic.nflrrMpeciv. of n..,o,,.,i,y. A,ld w. nov, in , lincertv thai our onnosmon io Padre Gaiug. i. not owing to th. fact ih.t h. a Mexican born cititen. As we ire opposed Maj. Weightman becms. he w .s m,fit for s im portant an offico as that of Delegate in Congress. so we are now opposed to Padr Gallegos for the samo reason, ind not because he is I Mexican , bornfiliMII, o the contrary we will say tbau i two quaiiy fit for th ffict, tht fintMjconvuUion of mm(kptrMmy" - if 'Walt A tsj tilt V't'-k Lmerican and th other a Biexiran, were'lefort th: people u candidates, we would prefer the Mexican, and would pit bin esry mi h our power i but u the futura (rood of our country de pends on the tálente end fitness of the mm who may have our destinies in his hands, it ii our duty to seek foi those qualifications, and ternre then if possible, let them be possessed by whoMoerer they may. No man, let him he padre or sol, his "y jht to expert Ihe people of Hew Mexico to piVCD INCH ffH'i'j.cKB biiu ucimrvoT ni iiauu unless he possess the qualification necessary to serve us in the best and most soenssfai Dinner. As a question of Ihe (real est importance is now lruie the people of New iVcxiro for their de rision, it becomes them to act with the irreatest independence, as R becomes freemen altr.js to acl, Their consciences and their ntellijenc shoii'd govern their course, and not personal -friendship or the orders of self-constituted and il legitimate political tintar. ,. , , .,, The result of the cominp; election will p heforo-, the people and must be known to the world. If tho voters of New Mexico send a delegate to Washington able to discharge the duties of so bich an office, the people ot the fjnited Slates will re spect them and esteem Ihem as ritizens fit ano), capable for self-government. It Is equally certain Dial if an iirfit man be sent to Congress Ihe peo ple of New Mexico can neither look for respect ncr favon from the geneial government, ' l We aro requested to announce the fol- ,' lowing ticket of candidates for the vari-1 oils County and District offices at the en suing election, and to bespeak for it a aim and dispassionate consideration on the part of our citizens. It strikes us that the names presented; are unexceptionable, and that many of the gentlemen named, have strong claiini upon the suffrages of their fellow citizens, not only hy tlieir uprightness and intes- rity of character, butnlso on account of ,. much previous unthanked and upaid effi cient servico in their cause. ' At all events, when so organized and determined opposition to the friends of the true interest of the Territory is at work in support of the former Delegate ' from this Territory and his tools, it is the duty of every man who is alive to his own interests, who duly appreciates his duties to ins family and Ins friends, and above nil, who wishes to see tho country of his birth or of his adoption take her proper stand in the great confederation, to be exceedingly cautious how ho exer cises that great principle of freedom, the right to choose his own rulers and law givers, and to guard with a most scrupu lous and jealous care, against any at tempt thht may be made by designing demagogues to have him prostitute that grand privilege for unworthy purposes. Again therefore wo bespeak for this ticket at least a careful and deliberate consideration. Fur Delegate to Cangro. William carr lane. For Sotafora: JOSr GPADAMPE GALLEGOS. WILLIAM H. MOOKE, UUiN.X'IAJiO VIGIL. For Rtpretcntaliveii DON TOMAS (lUTIZ, DON VICTOR GARCIA. M. AM1URST, R. II. TOMI'KINS. For Prefect: FRANCISCO ORTIZ j DELGADO. Sor Slieriff: JOHN G. JONES. Th1) Great Gypsnm Formation: As the water has a very bitter and dis agreeable taste, it has been conjectured ! tllilt it. l'!LAlell in itri nnnrait tlii-,-tiii,k . ....u ..I. ti . .1 1 1 ! 1 But this 1 also found to lie an error, as there is no deposit of ti i. j . , , i , iclilorMe ot souiem upon the river, the ne- i ,. j . , , , i ! e,llmr .!iWte h; lnp communicated by some !f "! ílT09 " '"S '"r a hundred miles over a gypsum i formation, which extends from the Ar- kair.-iis river, in a southeasterly direction, to the Rift Grande. This great belt of gypsum, which I have myself passed thrilgh at four differ- r vnt 'm tMllim,cing a ramp of three . I . V. . . litlirlted miles, is Considered by Dr. Hitch- (.,k to be the most extensive in tho' known world 1 have every where found i .. . t .... 1 1 .1 .... i( nmi.a,.KTZUU y mo 8ame pecunarites, . -.1. .1. . . , . ' with the water issuing from it invariably bitter and nauseating. , The Arkansas, Canadian, Brasos, Col orado, and I'ecos rivers also pass through : ti.! '..nf:.,., o.i .- ; iiiin iwiiiitiuuii, anu animar mote is im parted to the water of all. These rivers, also have their sources in the borders of , the same elevated table lands, and where !.i , e ... tliev n.nVn their exit frnm tliin tilutno,. their beds are confined to vast sluices or , eanfillS, the sides of which rise very ab- f toZZ? T This defile of Red river is seventy : rmie m length, the escarpments from five 1 i. ..!.!. t 1 1 Jf.i t ! 1 I . , w eiKut ullu' 'gn on eacu side, ! ".ml iu m l!,acc? they PP t he s cage na ; Uiew not room . 888 ZnuTT K'Lh " . V88ar-V t0, travul for ml,t ,n .tho. i. ' VIW 'r 7T a 8'ot 18 lound where to ".V " -P PreoiPuon .. i...,... i i.... .. .i ... w,,e8 ?l cn""-. '"M .Jut deter- in '"X VW" mm( whether this ,ru-' muvkable defile had been formed after a long lap of timely the action of the enr- if rait, or had been produced by some erer