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ft rMg of ny torn firlhst -vbject In 1640 rfW, bft.cm, le Ultrd by nuthoni ing a 'cwflrrt3 J rride, wrier ptr.rr restriction, THrrnHny, tlie f rttJ of ti)r.erit fot a (union "ufthe hnictrr liaUHllt foiling due in that year. Yet, in ilie ojitir of the undersigned, tin lrt mode of providing in thtt ease Mould be, itb..ui rttber an exte nion of tliis kind, or a hn. or a further iue of Treasury note. f a change In tlie taiiii; but merrly by jc- , ening the pi-toprialion for the set vice -of ISM below the tttlmatc, or by tiassinti audi 1 tJeclaislnry clause lo the prrunt tariff, and such act as to the public Urtds, as have I lietetoforc'Wtn urcrd on the consideration of i WtancrCSS. f ' The argument in favor of some further dim inution In our expenditures, and the general items in which tha reduction Is considered tnoii ecmpataMe with the iniblic in(etets, were o fully exhibited In the last annual re port as lo tender a lepetition of thorn unne cessary. ' It was then believed that the laws could be altered so as to admit of safely curtailing the appropriation at once to such an extent that tlie cxpr.diture need not exceed, in the aggregate, seventeen or eighteen millions year It. After more of the (tensions terminate, and the removal of the Indiana ia completed, they ebuld be bcnlficfally contracted to even lest v.. . . - r .i -.!. t lMb..l. lUli, uliuil l.llca, VI pvtniaiiL'llt debts. If tltat be not done, the secondary measure before suggested, sucli aa a declaratory act to enforce the present tariff, a suitable modifi cation of the drawbacks and bounties, and the passage of bills graduating the price of public lands, as well as creating some new districts, for the sale of them, woujd lie likely, if taking effect early, to yield a suitable sup ply in tho course of the year. It will be observed, however, that though, under either of these arrangements, enough might be obtained within the wholo of 1811 fot tho objects contemplated, yet not a due or sufficient proportion in the first quarter; be causo by that time nil the incisures nie not likely to go into full operation, nor much of (he anticipated incirasc to happen in the ac tual receipts of duties under existing laws. Unusually heavy expenses will also fall on (hat quarter of the next year. In addition to full portion of most of the current expenses, and the whole pension payments for the first half of tho year, and one third of a million, or more, for all tho annual fishing bounties, there will be imposed on it most of the charges for tha whole year connected with tho session of Congress and private bills, as well as large payments for taking the census, and for the first instalment of tho debt of this District, several of them as early even as the first day of January. From these circumstances, and the consid erations thst all which is duo from the hanks mat be not then paid, and that the balance in the Treasury, under the policy adopted by Congress of late years, will of necessity be ' i ' ' " ' "uctuations and inequalities ween the receipts and ex-j-si i .i . . lent portions of the year, to ".'neb . .tantly exposed from causes a ' r -r occasions been explained e obvious that entire safety t i . onal powe r to he season j- . hi he Exccuthe to obtain at i . Bit sucli subsidiary means ' for a few months, and as may be nuiln.i...i -j enable the Treasury punc tually to dischaigc, during that year, all the liabilities imposed by Congress. There is another contingency under the ex isting law, as lo duties, which require atten tion, with a view to be properly prepared for it; thougn legislation concerning the subject is not necessary so early as in the other case, lecause tlie event on which it depends can sot actually happen until the year 1842. Thus the progressive prodaction of the pres ent tariff, which has been going on since 1633, Mill, aner December, 1841, take cliecttoa much larger extent than heretofore. Nearly two millions and a half of dollars will then be deducted at once. On the first of July afterwards, at least two million and a half more duties will be rcmov ed; making an aggregate in G months, of quite 6 million. If the imports then should not differ much fiom those in 1632, this would leave an income from them, not probably ex ceeding 10 or 11 millions of dollars yearly. It will therefore be necessary to make corrcs ponding reductions in the expenditures of lta, or seasonably provide otherwise, nome permanent manner, to supply any wants likely to happen from this cause. Should Congress conclude that such reduc tions in the cxiendltures cannot be nroserlv made, .and that the imports of 1842 will not increase beyond those in 1838, the amount o the deficiency would, in those events, proba tily diiTf r but little from 5 millions. Such a deficiency would under these circumstances to likely to become permanent, and may be considered the tarsi ol that character which will occur undt r the tariff act of 1633. Tlie idea that such a deficiency in time of peace ought to be supplied hy Treasuiy nolcs, or by a loan, has never been entertained by the undersigned. or can it be countenanc ed by any sound principles cither of finance or political economy. The enquiry then re curs, vVhat other mode would be more eligi ble! 'When we possessed an extraordinary urplus, it was considered pruccnt by Con gress to make deposits with the States, with view to be returned in an exigency, rather than to invest a portion of it safely and pro ductively, so as to be realized in such an event. It would therefore be consistent with that ar gument to recall in 1842, audi a part of tlie surplus as may be then needed. ' That course, however, appear not very likely to be adopted, since the former power given to the Department to recall these de josites has been taken away by Congress. Another practical mode would be to resort to oucct taxes. Jiul Itus is so unsiuted to the genetal habits, and so uncongenial to the operation of most of our population, that its adoption 1 not lo be anticipated. Some oth er rvrraarwnl source Srutl then be looked m The course will probably ret between the large reduction of expenditure, with the oth- r acctkmpanjing measures before specified, and some, ettenstve modification of the nm. em tariff. Explanations have heretofore been riven by the undersigned to favor of the form er coone, and it would probably prove suffi cient u saeei wc emergency, it we reduction be poshed vigorously, and especially if the import! after 1641 should exceed those of 1638; wbidi is rrgatdei as probable. But Congress may not coincide with him in rpinion oa these toint. and. for covering the fntifiyncv, may consider the adoption of nme permanerit change in the tariff as prefer able, and aa mt ton early at the preaent css I ion, to give foil notice of its character, before going into otriion, in order thai the differ ent interests most aiiccicd by it snail have time to become gradually adjusted to its pro villous. In that event It might be aopjioscd thsttho undersigned had avoided due rcsponshlllly, ami a timely discharge ol duly, u ho wero not pteparcd to offer aomo flews concerning tlie details, ns well .in central ptinciples, which he deems applicable lo such a change, llo 1 has therefore examined the subject, and is ready t present tho results nt any moment, ciuicr -iuuacui tungrcss snail cxiiics u wish . to that effect. Hut he refrains from submit ting them without a special request, becauso some doubt exists, under circumstances which ran properly bo appreciated, as to the delica cy of hia discussing a mtas'irc at this time, which the legislature may not consider it necessary to act on until a new Congress as scmbl. The mode of keeping the public money re cently established by Congrsss, has thus far answered the expectations of this Depart ment. The numerous labors, perplexities, and de lays of putting a new system into operation, haTC been mostly overcome, and no losses III Uw bllglilesi dejjico un) ii.ii,.:!; in this measure. Tlius the ordinary cletks authorized arc numerous enough, yet n principal one is need ed at New York city, with sur.h compensation as is usual at a place of ho large and import ant business. On full inquiry, it has been found also that no site could probably bo parchased for the crtclion of an flice at St. Louis, which would ho more suitable than a lot now owned by tho United States; and it may be, under a further examination which is in progress, that no new building could be erected on that site, which would piova more economical and convenient, than one wh.ch enn be purchased already e rectcd. A similar change in the appropriation on that subject is therefore rcspcctlully rec ommended. A provision is needed likawis in case of vacancies, from any cause whatever, in the officers or receivers general snd treasurers. One has formerly been asked, in relation to tho collectors of the customs, in cases of re movals and expiration of the term of office, to prevent an interregnum in tho discharge of the dutiss. This might properly be adopted as to them, and extended to the receivers general and the Treasurer of the United States, es well as of the Mint and its branches, in all instances whauver of the vaeanry or temporary inabili-1 ty of the principal. Perhaps the least objec tinnablo mode lo effect this object would be to direct that the chief clerk of all these offi cers should, in such cases, where no other le gal provision now exists, be authorized and required to discharge those duties, at the risk and under the responsibility of the principal and its securities, till the vacancy is filled, or the disability removed. In consequence of some defects in the phra seology af the penal parts of the act, a new clause extending them to nil disbursing officers of every character under the General Govern ment would be judicious also. A further po sition nlso, respecting the places of deposite, by disbursing officers, of money not in the nl ... .... .1 ..... -i i ixnsuiy, um urawn om ana jiui mu) ineir hands lor making payments, appears neces sarv. I'he keeping of such money is now recula- ted by the act of 3d March, 1809; and il it is intended to bring it within the operation of the late law as to money in the Treasury, it seems propel to do so by an explicit enact mcnt. The section requiring disbursing officers to sell their drafts for specie alone, though cer tain proportions or paper are allowed to be received for all public dues, appears not to be in svmmctry with thoae other nrovisinns. The general influence of the present system is believed to have been thus far salutary, the true standard of value has been rendered more familiar, confidence has been increased in it stability, prices have gradually risen, business improved, and exchanges altered greatly for the better. If something has been or maybe lost in con venience, (which is not unlikely,) by the in creasing disuse of a pnper currency for public payments, much more will probably be gained by the circumstances before enumerated, aa well as by the greater security in the use of specie, the mote stable value imparled by the piescnt system to property and labor, and the strong check established by it, not only against defalcations, but against bank expansions, execssivo speculations and commercial fluc tuations. Even any inconvenience attending this change in the currency usod, if found particu larly embarrassing, can be overcome hereafter, and the system still maintained, should Con gress feel disposed In adopt the measure which was suggested for that purpose by the under signed in September, lb37. Such a measure would furnish every ad vantage of a circulating medium, easy of trans portation, of the highest possible credit, and at th same time require an equal amount of ... I 1 1 .1 i. ' I ;. I specie iu w cinfiiuj cu, uiuuii in ucfKisue, anu without subjecting any of the fiecal affairs of the government to,that legal dependence on corporations for their management, which is so objectionable in many respects, as never to have been attempted in the management of any of it other affairs, civil or military. The topics of the condition of the Hanks of the Union, the state of currency, the proper plsces ofdeposilo for the public funds, snd other matteis immediately connected with them, have engrossed a considerable portion nfthe annual reports (torn this Department for several years. Hut the keeping of the money in the Treas ury, being now separated 'rom the banks, and the kind of money lo be received and paid out fixed by new legal provisions.it is not consid ered material at this time further to discuss tliese milters, than to submit the general re marks which will be found at the close of this communication. In closing thU last annual report of the un dersigned, it may be expected that he would advert, for a moment, to the general charac ter of some of our financial operation during in period oi nis connection wiui the 1 reatu ry Department. Though employed in different Executive offices neailylen )ear, he hat been connect ed with the Treasury only from six lo seven of litem. During this term tliere ha occuired much to vinc the greit fiscal power, m well aa prosperity of tho Union. Somo revc at timet, overtaken the rashness dlsj Carts of tho community In certain bi ' usiness, and havo extended their ai llucnces to the revenue dependent i , ' Hut tha period and the country, ai v liave been almost unexampled in developments. Thus, in respect to our receipts. ' ' standing the unusual revulsions In -two occasions, so sensibly lesscnin. v enuu; notwithstanding any losses s .ii those crimes, by tho Government, tl ccrs, hanks, or merchants, and no) i. ing the biennial reduction in tho dc has by law been constantly going ( -ns the remission of several millii road cori-orations, and under n constructions; yet our condition 1 flourishing, as to yield a revenue time sufficient, after all those de accomplish the following Important It has enabled the Treasury I current expenditures of the Govt well ns the extraordinary ones by I treaties, and other costly measuras oit imposing any now taxes, or I and without any new funded ilelH i. . ;-i i ... (1 p - - 1 " 'I, P ' 1 Ml tl - I . - - . i. i tin ; but extinguishing considerable ley. old one, and paying tha intcrston ed for this District, to save the un '' r.v 'j-r:.-i l ntt (lemm'ii ,il 'v"iw I 111 V.f 1' J fives'. .Kin ai.! una ury notes no;? outsta. oingi equal 10 nearly iff. i ft.... .,.! - i,.irm;;?.i-n. i.''t during that pe- riod, a sum not far from (he first amount has been applied to the discharge o.'bc pnnC.'nal and interest of the old funded dobt; .so that towards the payment of all other expenses, only between four and five millions, beyond what was temporary, and what has already been refunded or adjusted, have been receiv ed from any extraneous source whatever. It follows, therefore, that tho current reve nue, notwithstanding all reductions, has been adequate to defray both the ordinary and ex traordinary demands, and, after taking from what is deposited with the State, sufficisnlto extinguish every kind of indebtedness created nn account of the General Government during the same period, to leave on hand tho largo balance of nearly 34 millions. It is true that tha available sums it the Treasury, at the commencement nnd close of the period in question, will probably prove different in amount; hut if made equal, a sur plus would still bo left, which is likely t ex coed seventeen or egihtcen millions of dolars. Jicside this recorded evidence ol the pros perity of the country and the fiscal abilty of the general Government in those yeirsit is gratifying, amid many misapprehension con cerning the subject, to reflect on another cir cumstance connected with our financia" ope ration, which ha also become a mater of history. It is this Though destitute 'of a United States Hank as a fiscal agent diring that period, and baffled by various unreme died imperfections in th laws connected with the finances, as well as embarrassed by two tuspcnsiuns ui spacio payment uy many oi the state bank one still continuing yet the Treasury has been able to make its vast col lection, transfers and payments, with prom tilude, and, in most cases, with specie or its equivalent. oomc correct judgement can be lormed ol the extent and dilliculty ot these operations, when it is recollected that the whole sum which h.ive thus been collectd,withouldeduct- ing fractions, added to those sums which have been paid over chiefly by another class of of ficers, have exceeded the extraordinary ag gregate of 6300,000,000, and been dispersed over a territory of nearly Iwo millions of square miles in extent. It is, moreover, ascertained that the whole losse within the same time bv defaults, large aud small, and in all kinds of offices, will probably not equal half or one per cent, on that amuunt; and however official delinquencies may, in some esse, have inev itably been aggravitad by th unprecedented peculations of the times, and by creat revul sions and failures among banks and individu als, those losses will not be one fourth so large, in proportion to the amounts, collected and paid, a in some previous terms, when the system under a United Slates Hank was in full operation. A few words may be proper as to the expen ditures during the same period. Though they were of necessity augmented by some of the circumstances before mentioned, two Indian treaties only, out ef a large number, having already involved us In the expense of nearly S3 millions of dollars; yet the aggregate of all has been much reduced since the influences of those causes and the impulses of an over flowing treasury have diminished. The ex expenditure have fallen yearly since 1837, till they are now only 22 and a half millions independent of any debt and trust, and are supposed to be in ptogress to a still lower a mount. The undersigned has earnestly urged a more rapid reduction. He has considered ihe great i...0.mI. mgminmt m ,w. plMJ.J .n.n government, which would constantly threaten to overshadow all Stale independence, and attract the ambition of most of the friends of State Rights from humbler paths of frugality and principle into the dazzling vortex of high er patronage, honors, and emoluments. While the stimulants to excesses shall continue to lessen, nothing will be necessary to insure the farther success of aa economical policy, but perseverance in retrenchments, wherever they are practicable without injury to the pub lie interests. The removals of Indians being mostly finished, and the chief causes of fron tier wars extinguished, unlets new objects of expenditure be selected, or a great enlargment given to some already existing, the whole a- mount must, or necessity, contract hereafter very rapidly. The same result will be farther promoted by the deaths of pensioners, increasing through advanced age,and th completionof many pub lie works, as well a by presiating in a firm policy to avoid the wasteful expense of un necessary foreign collisions.and to refrain fiom those Uvish expenditure for certain domestic objects, over which the jurisdiction of the Gen eral Government is often Questionable, and which always open the widest door to extrav agence, lavontism, and corruption. One of the greatest evils to the public ser vice a well a to the security of private, bu siness, during apart of the above period, has consisted in the fluctuations to which both nave been subjected. With only a aingle year inten without any material change in t any whatever in the price of the pi we have seen the revenue from ord ces suddenly yary from nearly fi; annually to eighteen and on two ribrala to the extraordinary extent of light and eleven millions yearly, ransactions of individuals upon which one depends, must of courso havo un an unusual chatigo at the same time, mports fell within two years, in Iho it rcfencd to, from near one hundred ty millions to one hundred and four id in tho singlo year just passed, foil sixty millions. Such inflations and lions must he destructive of all confi i calculations for tho future, whllo tho jf them shall continue to operate unto- . were these causes! will be found to have been chiefly con with tho abuses of banking. On tho n first referred to, they wero tho su idanco of a fictitious medium of circu witli tho attendant overtrading and lions of 1830, and tho consequent sus of specie payments in 1837, as well as isters and scarcity of any medium till er part of A. I). 1838. Then another on commenced, extending into 1830, ompanied hy another increase in im if nearly fifty millions, which ended I tho contraction hy banks, suspension 'nmercial reverses, which have sudden ced the Impotrs of 1810 more than one nd In man" )ii - . . . .- V - tho en i' --.he ' ,v'v.' ni "i i r it- ' ' i; f.'u o ,i.:f ' 1 "en. T ' t .. 1 ! : J. it '.. 111 !.' 4 . 1. !. ' me 'i '! tl-' I'l'i' ' moneyed relations between us, need not now be discussed, though probably their influence ras large and unfavorable. Tho causes first named were, likewise, in ill operation here in 1810 and 1817, and were stcccedfd ty many of the same deplorable con!(nuenccs in 1819 and 1820. One follow er! the' ottiu.r as jnovitalily as the ebb of the tide succeeds ils iC0 , , Tho great principles oi Me.can never bo long violated with impunity; anda.'.7 fictitious or unnatural excess of credit soon ends in fe- vulsions, as the essence of legitimate com merce consists in nn exchange of values for each other, or of values for what truly repre sents values, and can be readily converted in to them. All business otherwise becomes a moro game of hazard; speculation must enter into every affair of life; riches and poverty will be de pendent on tha merest bublo; prices will chango oftencr than the wind ; regularity in receipts and expenditures bo impossible ; estimates for the future, whether in public or private matters, become mere conjectures ; tariffs requiro year ly alteration to meet the fluctuation ot busi ness ; and the community bo kept under tho constant excitement and depression of the hot and cold fits of a violent fever. The first remedy soucht in 181Gbv the estab lishment of a national bank was supposed, du ring a few ensuing years, to have aggavated tnose evus ; ano tne next remedy, adopted in 1624 by a high tariff, did not prevent the low prices and bankruptcies of 18v!5, which cover ed the country with wrecks anil ruin. Undoubtedly, the best relief on suuh occa sions is to be found in removing the cause of the disease. So far ns regards tho General Government, this was attempted in 1837. and since, by gradually withdrawing from thn ik df banks and their paperin its fiscal operations, so as neither to stimulate or contract their is sues by other influence than ordinary business, and by urging on those, who might find their employment sometimes useful, a closer regard in doing it, to the safe and sober influonce of the universal laws of trade.as wall as nn inflnr. ible adherence to tho constiutional standard of value. While tho General Government shall con tinue to pur3ue such a course, it will mitigate and check the evil which others produce, nnd which they alone, under the limitations in the Conlitution, are able entirely to remove. At all events, it will faithfully perform a momen tous duty, and exhibit a useful example for imitation. In a period of peace and comparative exemp tion from public debt, as well as from serious difficulty in financial operations, it would hard ly seem proper to attempt more by assumptions of doubtful powers, and by forced construc tions in favor of measures by no means cer tain, if adopted, not to aggravate rattier than diminish existing evils, nnd not to produco others of a chirarter still moro dangerous. Much less can it bo considered respectful ei ther to Stale rights or the people, and certain ly not competent, in the opinion of the under signed, to exercise such powers by creating moneyed corporations among them, which ma ny ol their number have repeatedly denounced as unconstitutional, and the authority tu es tablish which, was originally refused rather than confided to tho General Government by the people and tho States that formed it. JJut somo other powers expressly conlerred can, without question, bo exercised farther than has yet been dono by Congress, and in such a manner as to produce very beneficial consequences upon the currency. Still, it is hoped they will never be pushed so as to Ires- pass on oround rnaliv imiin.ii i.-.h aiuution, and prevent tho States from continu ing to exercise all legitimate authority they now possess as to bank3 and debts, however much it may bo regretted that public opinion lias mil yei run wim mrirn nirpnnin nrrnina, the abuses of both.and led to their prompt cor- rection. It is not proposed at this time to go into tho consideration of farther details on these ooinls. Hut tho dancer tn hn irnntHnH atainnt now sepin in hn rnitmr nf !i charactei from that nf over.action hy the gen - oral covcrnment in the exercise of its exnress powers. un the contrary, apprehensions exist that , '""" " uu'Ji ' it mav not continue firm in tho support of all , aPd 1,10 opening 0r ' cause were by happy which lias already been accomplished in con-1 charico given to .Mr. Scott. Jt was a god ncction with tho currency. If it should not,'861"1- Ho made himself master of his sub and should thus not aid to correct in any de- je he was favored with an opportunity gree the rashness of many to force something i which cabled him to eleetriftj tho court. All like a formidable steam power into all kinds CVL'S wcr0 ,urnF'1 uPon tlla hitherto unknown ofbusiness.withoutdue guards lo prevent con-1 y"un8 man' "efs wero from this time pour sunt and fatal explosions, myriads of individ- e(i in "ixin him. He daily rose in popular uals, as well as some corporations and states, opinion, and in that of "tho powers that bo." are likely lo be overwhelmed in still wider i 1,0 gradually became Solicitor and Attoiney ruin, and will ere long probably look to no e,i 1,0 roso 10 ,l"5 rank of Lord High escape except the sponge ot a general hank- Chancellor of Great Hritian, which office he rupt law to all private liabilities, and the un-1 e,ainei for more than a quarter of a century; constitutional assumption of the public ones ' aml "10 obscure John Scott, without a farth by the General Government, so as lo tax op-( ,nR was merged in tho Earl of Eldon, the piessively thono portions of the community Possessor of 50,000 in annual receipts the who have anything left, to pay for the losses and follies of the rest. A remedy which has been adverted to by some, and which connists in the creation of " o cure the mischief of an exist ' credit, or the formation of larger . . ke power of abuses, in order to ' r ones, must usually aggravate therefore, where it is free from objections, may in point of ex - t well be countenanced. A plan office banking.ndoptedby the states,) proMirly guarded and secured by provision similar to tiinsc recimnm:ii"' -j ...u ..n.ui- signud as long ago as 1630, witti such others as reflection and experience may sanction, i nnnears far preferable. Hut independent of. il.nt. nn rliinnes in the present system, as to that, no changes in mo yivwx. j i i ,a',tI,;. ,7. . j '7 """"kiu ''I banks, seem worthy of" strenuous exertions, ' ''V "' I ..r.,m ii.n.n wluisn direct ob eel shall ho to ho termination of the old anit I m,l, Mrn,. m restrict, control, and reculalo ' mcm "r '''0 "cw year, is an ennrk better, the institutions that alreajy exist, rath- " ci ca cuUted to pnxl, or than to incorporate more. Above all should thoShM m,,l,docp arnl l.,L ....Ml. ..t:..,. !. , rm-inil In strnnplhi-n tho "c mi'iro orrimir.,) i. '"'" certainty of prompt specie payments ns to nil . ''""'K1'1; u'"o c.l)m.fl; nimmnrh In nn fur. ' "IRS CXperiCnrtf. W 111 n ih- M,ti mitr nf irmln. nnd of siiccio on hand, instead multiplying them for speculation or cupidity and thus keeping up a succession ol expan sions and contractions, which will only cn flamc tho existing disordors, nnd render tho continuance of great fluctuations in all public as well as private affalr3 unavoidable, endless, and ruinous. With much respect, LEVI WOODBURY, Secretary of Troasury. To tho President of the Senate of tho U. S. N13VEU DESI'AIU. Tmlv hi" it h-n ,"'! ; iKI- Ml.''.. ""!. , . t (r hir!,, llwyi nt tlie 11." i , '. . f ,.l Ik-' ' -tru y-tl " it'll .orii m t .V. v III, I ' J . v v. a:, educated ill the free-school of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, in Eng land. They wero both children in the mid dle class of society. ISotli were articled to attorneys, nnd both, at the expiration of these articles, resolved to push their fortune at tho groat mart, London. John, with whom only we have now to do, went through his term, and got admitted to tho bar. Hut when this was done, poor John could not got a client. Unfortunate young man, his family connox ions wero few, humble, and far away. It was tru. that he had studied deeply and effectual ! tlie profession which lie had taken up ; it was true, ti'iat his companions in private so- ciety admired the wit, as muc. ns uio Knowl edge of honest John Scott. In ;!io ciL'.'t in the debating room, in all those places wncte "small artillery" iu practiced. Scott invariably bore the palm away, and yet he continued to remain, a briefless barrister. In vain he was seen daily at Westminster Hall, with wig of snowy whiteness, gown of ainplo flow, and purple bag, in which briefly to speak, briefs there wero none nt all. A motion of course produced him now and then a guinea, but even these wero like angels-visits, "few and far between;" and though they brought him the small piece of gold, they broeght him not honor nor distinction. As time wore away, to also wore tho pa tience of poor Scott. A fine flow of spirits had long sustained him, but gradually ho was becoming attenuated in frame, and melancholy in countenanco. Some demon whispered him, that he had mistaken the road to fortune, nnd suggested that he had better retreat in lime and endeavor to patch up his hopes by another course of life. lie wrestled with the spirit, however, for a time, still hoping with each day that something might turn up, to draw him Ironi his obscurity: lor be ll observed that mr. Scott was aware, nnd justly aware,! that ho had within him 'matter for higher ob servation than hiicrto had fallen upon him. The office of reporter to a daily paper, the con tribution of an article occasionally for a mag azine, and tho few motions above alluded to, in tho courts, enabled him to keep the wolt from tho door, and to pay Ins expenses in go ing nn the circuit twico a-year, wnoro no had the pleasure of seeing ono or two mam moth leaders carry away an iii jjiu-.-ii-.-o, m;u th. nnnnrtiinitv of studvinc human nature in the best school that of litigation wero his sole rewards ; for it must bo remarked, that though a young man may, in Wcs minster Hall, have an opportunity of startling tho pub lic ear, by some unexpected nnd powerful re mark, yet on circuit the juniors arc puppets in the hands of Iho leaders; who take especial caro not to hazard their popularity, by allow ing the young men to exhibit too much. Such continued to be tho lifo and sufferings ol John bentt; tius energies crimped, his sptr it3 bowed down, his labors thoso of drudgery, slavery, and obscurity, which last, by tho way, was "tho unkindest cut of them all." It was no longer a reckoning of months; they had stretched themselves into years, an.l Mr. Scott still continued a briefless barrister, a reporter, writer, wit, and we had almost said a broken hearted man. His elasticity nf spirit began now to fail him. Ho thought seriously of giv ing up tho law, and of trying his fortune in commercial or aomo other speculation. Tho thought of this however, the reflection of the time ho had spent in into rise study, tho lore which ho felt conscious he had treasured up me many whom his own heart told him wero far inferior to himself in taluuta, and who, nevertheless, wero lolling in affluence, all added gall to bitterness, "and great was the uiincuity with which ho arrived at tho con elusion, that all tli- m. Im- UnJ.nJ. .flic wished to emerge from tho obscurity in which lie was plunged, In fact, ho proceeded to pack up his per sonals, and pay his little accounts; hu negoti ated with an eminent bookseller to take his sma11 blU valuable collection, and even took , 1,13 Psago in a vessel which was proceeding t0 ewcastlo his naiivo place, At this very juncture, damo fort u no was preparinc for him an important chango 1 "'ebratod Lord George Gordon was about to . take '' ,rial. and ,l10 8n."eman who was re- j tamed as junior counsel being unexpectedly friend of kings and princes- -iho leader ef a poweriui party in the Slate. I.. LA ..Fieaiini n G m hr (!! M J IUI il I L tTIlu I Ol htl fiK -. III LIli: 11IIIUIJ11 UJMW-a fire, The Cotton Factory owned by S. C. Raymond Ksq. situated in tlie Kast part of wus town, was entirety consumod by fire nn Friday morning last. The machinery was unucu uj uayuiouu v nrown, and wasoc copied by Cushinan Si Cady, i lie loss la e&iimate-J at about $8,000. Not insurco. y u in in u n t lor tl tl.f lUtUM ,tly NKW Y I.Alt. ''Well h.,1 ihou m.t ,u M,:;ej ''.ii'T 'r.k,,. Knit Ia.I . . IMl In Ih In lh nuiM.. i I...." '""Wti'l .... - r,- . ofi each struggles for the accndancr,!!??t yt I obtains it, I 'Sfn- n . . i . - !l . .. or rfll,er m,Rl,l the othfr ,t,i", Such indeed is htirmn and visionary both cxt9t-tu Ji "I dishearten, hi enrhnm i tfJ!cnt0l"t '! tl., ,n.l I... I-- ., "V'cwt. K-l .... ,, KimlU . , -. bo to manv. n sonrrn nf I,,,,.: . '.a."wl reflections. Tine, no foreira l, , nt latod our Mr land, nor In, u, '3' llcaycn; earth has yielded a u)ZK dependence been proiirunccdr'-Mri again ucon established, l'liarsoti imi t,l .... ...v t-niiiimii, nun me stupcndori crimes and frauds connected withhii adm-tr. tration, are soon to bo disclosed. It on!. mains therefore for relinni- rorruplmi fleet upon iho disgrace which is, and muttn or he, tho unfailing rcw.vd of ticjchery faithlessness towards a confiding pcopli. Such must bo tho cliidiiics of minr conscience, on this d,iy, anil such must bets' tnsisirous enu ol lliuso who sliill he emulate their example. mil lot us rejoice ulio have sn signally tr,l umphed over tliemicliin.iltins and migifii plianccs of a cunning and desperate p.irtr. llcjoice, for we are no longer ubiecls but fret nn. Our country, our insiHuiions, an on inalienable rights have been rescued (torn hand of opprosion and misrule, new to li sold again until Iho peoploag.iin become c loss and indifferont of their rights, and , ing to maintain zealously tlio rights o! n fragc, tho purity of the ballot box, an.l i eternal vigilanco over all the affairs of Cj crnment, which alono onsnrcs safety, mm; tion is again found scaled in high plirei, u tho will of on manbecomet Iht taw of (helm I), For the llerslrl. Mr Editor: I send you iho followitij i fin; fM marks, wishing you to giro them a plr your paper believing that Slander "li a monster of io frightful mm, A to be tided, needr. but lolic seen." IDLENESS AND GO SSII'INC It was on one fine summer marnini! in month of Junc.as a vnunscirl to whom we i rrivo tho namr; of Sarah Alollvillo. was bupl engaged in the domestic concerns of the fJ ly, sho suddonly exclaimed with groat itt.l estness. 'O I wish I was as happy as the J1 nards, they havo nothing to tm tin nwrt ol their time; nothing to hinder thpir caKwg w somo neighbor every, day; besides, tney fcil us somo news every time we sco them; ll think thov must bo very happy.' Her motto I had just entered the apartment and heard tt exclamation, wnn a mingicu luuiui oi emm and regret, bho saw tho eye ol her dangwl fixed with iritenso anxiety on tho .Urn M nards, as they were on thoir uvi (mil enado. Well, said Mrs Mollville, if ou on neighbors ovorv day and telling al manes pcopie nappy, peruaps nicy arcii, I I . I l .1 tivo.lotus seo if there is nothing tn conin this practice of idleness and gossiping. l written that "the feet of a prudent womiii biduth in her own house." And that "i& ncss tendelh to poverty." And tliat"thti bearer rovoileih secrets, therefore mcdJi with him that flittereth with his bfi" And now Sarah, what possible advantvjt bo derived from visiting neighbors eierjk' Wo have tho privilege nf soc-i.il iniercoK answered S.irah, besides wo hive W heard rmny things concerning our ncigW from Mrs Bernard, that we hive never W boforo. Well aro not those reports yuo f lo, ol tho nvi.-U calumaiatiri'r chir.irler' Mrs Mollville. It is a privilegcslie reravt to havo society, provided it is of thai km.' will servo to slren-'tlicu and improve tlie upturn x ung vifu illy uijiiiiuil III lllc ." I.... :. : . . 1. I uui his vury noiuiury inn u auu". .rnnl ... Ml.n.iu.nn ..... ...tll'l ill.. Ift IlV V ..i: T.i- .i. . . .n- ..-.I ..l.nrlar.rA ill I iii;w,iiiu in. I .. 1 iw-. - j u 1 1; will lie sco our iiiu i""'. . I. . 1 t .... 1 . . 1 11 einVr .!...,,. I..!.:.. aa.li!lt jn nm itlv flprrrar til ll!J3U II 1171 1 it, HIIIVM ft "-'J O rnnln character. U.' t,.M in tlm nrmcrU tint "He th ,.r ..,:-1-vs iianictfi Itw npmfiljor. Pt VUIU Ul nuutlill iii-i'i"""" r - t.ir. -L- 1. Jinilnf ic n finii! a lan. toll "I1B 111JU UUU1U.II a I mwwi - ' iL'Vi ...ill I.!) vt-it limit rncliifjlm? and tho bahlor is no better." I might reptt . ,.(,..;.,!,.. r. in iitnve W i 1 1 u MKruuiii Twi "i'" manv rnnro nassauui ui am . r- ;..:..;. ..ruilnlinarin?. but shall at .,.r.w,...vvr.r.:.:-.V-o , . . .i nvirll. JI gossiping II4IJU3 HI." Ju 4 VrJ- ran, aro noi oiuy ui-ii".w i S.ir.!h find InIpiioiI ivitn tt W i wii mrt'alliirw tl l.nr rrt'iflinr. nrkfi il ... i ... JnMt t . . . . . .... i . iftbr Ifisi Klin nrrl.itrrww itur Vftil aa ia ii ,1X3 v.,11111 nil iiriiuw"-- . aim toning nows. i un oeiitne ' ,, ....... i i.! r ... ,i mum bene!!" Ili'-IU llfVIIUI.il pi v Itfl l, .iiiw i....- ...3 .....v.. a, '.i.. im. mi. ii . iiiw, .... 1 Sl- .i, fill lauui MM. ft? jili'ili. ,jcJ IClU.llU'i Jl-la-jUa I1HI11 ( IIM'- f nnnn.n.l .... I . . . . ..I t. II T. I S- ,jf i.-uiivuit:u yiMj ui mo iiuiuwi'..--. t.il it.:.. i.-u:.. ...t.;h .nn Kt1' IUIU K-J&3III1IIZ U.1UIIS, lllll j-- .I.:7 1 .1 t:... f, rl.trtTCT1 llllim lUIlllUlUIJ IIIU .11133 JIUIPl.i- .-J, , .l.;l. I lhf3 -T iiy. I linn t snaji never umj .-a said barah, but pleat.; tell me n " J . c rr- . 1 . . .lnt W 7r www ocouurs, may, wnn projju"i - meeting on tho holy sabbath, ff iA violation oi oomrrVMl ue coney, v-'-'" - ., t every person who pitsumesio "aJi tv nart uilinllinr in rpnilll L' nui" .. a Uod, or in oxhortation, or in tB ". , ..i c. .i.. i....,,iin7U.e yj of Iloaveri to rest on iho asserritdy. auch an one may bo termed a 4CH'rf. fl of none that better desenes the jTj' iiiiiti lis ll vi r is rii'i if iuiii' t im m It I written "smite the sconer . 'II I .. . . . 1. 1 iiiP IICU . ...w . 1:1 win newaro. Also ini juuf-..-i i pared for scorncrs.". And now k ,i you nevor again imagine that nl"r,-, ' silts in wicli a vaio and outsrar'T w