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f . .5 . VOL. 51 NO. 211 BRIDGEPORT, CONN., TUESDAY, SEPT. 7, 1915 PRICE TWO CENTS V MTEl T prerman .Undersea Boat U-27 Missing Since Attack on " Small Cruiser War Of- fice Believes It To Be " Lost; v ; : 'i Petrograd in Panic at Re y ' ports That Germans Cap . ture Riga Czar Personal- ly Takes Command of Rus- 1 sian Armies, j Berlin; Sept 7 The Admir alty announced today that the German submarine U-27 sank a small British S cruiser several weeks ago. The U-27 .has not been he,ard from;' since August 10, the-' Admiralty ' also says, and probably- is lost. - - ' The announcement 'follows: "Ac cording to the report of one of our submarines, It met the U-27 on the high-seas after the latter, about Aug. 20, had sunk . a small British cruiser f an old -type west of the Hebrides Islands. The U-27 has not" since-returned and must be regarded as lost." The submarine U-27 had not fig ured conspieuouslyln the records of German naval operations. She was built- in-1912-13. She was equipped with three torpedo tubes. v ;...-'.'';.. - - ' --.- Czar in Command of Russian Armies Paris Sept. , 7 rln a. message to president Poincaro, Emperor Nicholas announces that he has placed himself in- command, of ." all ;- the Russian armies. - PETROGSAD IN PANIC FOLLOWING REPORTS OF RIGAS CAPTURE ...... Berlin. Sept.. 7, The Overseas ews "A sencj says that -aaiiewi'ea4ised Tin Petrograd yesterday by -ranters that the ' Russian Baltic port of Riga has been captured. - "The LokaJ Anzieger, publishes pri vate telegrams from. Stockholm,", says th news agency, "statins that the Russian capital was thrown into' con fusion by reports that the positions 6f the. Dvina line had been captured, .'.-that Russian armies had been destroy ed, that Riga had been taken. and that . the German advance upon the capi tal would be no longer hanspered. Im- 1 meztse crowds gathered in front of the newspaper offices. - There . was great .excitement .and many arrests -Were . made. " v . . "Towards evening ; the newspapers published extra seditions containing of ficial denials of these rumors and say ing the -Russian defensive positions were still intact However, the spread of panic was checked in the capital and reports of Emperor Nicholas trip to the front are only a pretense to veil the removal of the Emperor's resi dence to the interior." TEUTONS WANT REG A AS WINTER QUARTERS London,. Sept 7--The immediate objective., of the Austro-German cam paign, in Russia becomes clearer with the. growing indications that the in vaders' need the Baltic port of Riga not Tjnly as a base for preseat opera tions in the direction of .Petrograd Continued on Page 2 EIGHTY MILLIONS MORE OF BRITISH ; M01IEY SENT HERE ". Portland; Me., Sept. 7. The value f the gold and securities brought to Halifax yesterday on 'the fast cruiser Argyle and which , passed through "Maine early today on the way to New York to strengthen British credit, exceeds- $80,000,000. - .' - The gold consists of 11,650,000 Eng-. lish sovereigns, equivalent to about $58,250,000, and $7,850,000 in United (States coin. The value of the bonus I $14,000,000. V This Is $30,000,000 in excess of the Value'of each of the two previous con signment of gold and collateial secu rities.', - - - - A different ' route from this city to New .York than that followed by the two previous shipments of gold from England by. way of Halifax, was tak en today by the treasure train of seven eteel express cars. . The train, guarded by two score armed . men, and -protected by a pilot train, reached here at 8:57 a. m., and 1 minutes- later, after changing en gines, was sent out over the Worces ter, Nashua and. Portland division of the Boston 6c Maine. -It should reach New- York late this afternoon. The other trains went by way of South Lawrence and Lowell and Worcester. FatheirPlunkett 111 With Throat Trouble Rev." Edward J. Plunkett, pastor of fit. ' Anthony's R. C. ehurch of Col orado .avenue has gone to Twin. Lakes for a reBt," following a severe attack of throat s trouble. During his ab sence Rev.sHenry Callahan of St. Ste phen's church will - officiate at the regular Tuesday evening services.' IME IS LOST CAPITAL AWAITS OFFICIAL REPORT ON HESPERIAN Not Known Yet Whether Mine or ' Torpedo Sunk Steamer of Allan Line. Washington, Sept. ' 7. Commaiidinjr officers of the ; sunken; liner Hesperian iia a jolrft affidavit forwarded to the state department today declared from the fragments of steel which fell on the. deck it was indubitably" shown that die ship, was struck by- a tor pcdov ' i .Washington, Sept. 7. To-day's - of ficial despatches still left " in doubt whether the Allan Liner Hesperian was sunk by a torpedo or a mine. The state ; : department L and 1 ' the White House continued to deny any action or decision. t - . -' Secretary Lansing says his reports were inconclusive and failed to estab lish exactly how the ship' was destroy ed. Qne despatch . from Consul Frost referred to the , Hesperian as having sunf"near where she was tor pedoed." Ambassador Page trans- mitted information he had received from the British- Admiralty f which . disclaimed ' that the ship ' had, ' been used in- military service at all since the beginning of the war. . The official reports from both Ger man and British, sources. The con sul officers in - England, meanwhile, will,, gather ' statements - from Ameri cans who were on- board. ' " V Consul Front's message said: ij "The Allan line believe there were no American passengers,- Two "Ameri can stewards were saved, Franjiis ; J. Dullas, of 'Buffalo; and "f Barney Mc Millen, oil drand -Rapids. . .- Both- were below when the torpedo struck. - To tal 1os3 of life is perhaps 20t" J - There is a strong possibility that the United -Stated -may change, its at-, titude toward' what constitutes arm ing a merchant vessel and, in the light of the development of submarine warU fare, may hold that the . mounting of small defense guns only, heretofore considered as not arming a, ship, may be considered armament which will remove jfhe vessel from the non-com -' batant class. State department officials" pointed out that a 4.7 gun such as is reported to have been mounted- on the Hespe rian is of sufficient size to sink a sub marine.- Proof of this fact, officials thmk. might be construed as a pur pose to challenge the German block - aders." ,; , It - was pointed out in' the same connection that the British ship Wal- mana, mounting a small gun, has been held up for some - time at Newport News while the state department has been deciding-her case. ' ALBANY TROLLEY TRAFFIC TIED UP AS i, 600 STRIKE " Albany, Sept. 7. All street car traffic in Albany,' Troy, Cohoes, Wa tervliet and Creep Island is tied up to-day because of a strike of conduc tors and motormen over the method of., suspending employes for alleged rule infractions. About 1,600 men are involved. The -lines are owned by the United Traction Company. The? 800 conductors and motormen on the local lines walked out yester day and this morning a similar num ber from the Troy local- struck in keeping with their working agreement with the Albany local. The Troy men onerate the cars in Watervliet, Green xsiana. ana uonoes, cities near Troy. Fear is -expressed that the Schenec tady local may walk out to-day or to-morrow, although this morning its rrtfembers had taken no offipial action looking to a strike. No serious trouble has been experi enced in any of the cities where the strike is in effect, In all cars are locked in the barns and there is no intention to break the strike with im ported workers, company officials say Later. in the day 200 trackwalkers., on the Albany - line struck The men, who are unorganized, demand an increase in wages from $1.75 to $2 a day. ' x ' -. - Troy, N. Y., Sept. 7.- The Troy di vision, involving between 300 and 350 men, was tied up. this morning at the end of the regular night runs about 4:30 o'clock. Travel is being car ried on by various conveyances. BANK CALL FOR SEPT. 2. Washington, Sept.- 7. The comp troller of the currency to-day issued a call to all national banks, requiring them to report to him the condition at the close of business Thursday, Sept. 2,. WEATHER FORECAST Partly cloudy tonight and Wednes days Moderate south winds. BO WEN EXPOSES MAYOR WILSON'S LABOR DAY SHAM Gives the Lie Direct to Chief Executive 's " Explana tion" to Labor. MAYOR'S OWN WORDS ' SHOW HIS HYPOCRISY Seeking to Dodge Responsi bility of His Acts, He Fur nishes Amusement. ' The sleep of Clifford B. Wilson, mayor of Bridgeport and lieutnant governor of Connecticut, was . a calm and unruffled one last night. He slept the sleep of the just Labor's wrath had been appeased, he felt, be cause he "explained" and labor .men believed. , Overlooking the point that he hadn't been Invited and in fact had been the object of a special blackball session. Mayor Wilson seized the op portunity yesterday afternoon to pal liate the enormity of his idiscrimina tions against labor and ti cloak by explanations what had aroused the ire of the thousands of Labor union members in the state. Election time is drawing "near and Mayor Wilson went to the biggest city In ' the state to-recover some of the votes he lost by his tyrannical atti tude toward unions.. 1 His "explanation" was laughed at by labor leaders in this city, although many in New Haven took it seriously. ' "Capital combines," said Mayor Wilson, "Why should not labor? I believe too, that labr should partici pate in the success- of capital, for the success of capital is, due to the intelli gence and faithfulness of labor." Some of the Bridgeporters in the crowd, watching their mayor address- ing- the Central Uabor union of New Haven, remembered the flouting re ceived by the Central Labor union of Bridgeport when that body protested to the common council against the action of the mayor in restraining speakers, and the protest was rele gated instantly to the administration junk heap. r The mayor's sorry effort to explain the Cederholm, Bowen and Nelson in cident had somewhat of the desired effect on strangers, but in this city to day the opinion -was advanced that his statements wet boomerangs. ;'-V The quoted , statrenta-. if Mayor Wilson were shown George J. Bowen, business agent of the International Association of Machinists, this, morn ing. "That isn't so," was the almost invariable answer as he read each of them. .: . -' '- Here is : the "explanation," as re ported in an Elm City journal: "Now, we have had some questions, some disputes, some' misunderstand ings in Bridgeport, and I want to tell you, very - briefly," what-' -happened there. Frederick Cederholm, , wrho- is a former alderman and a member of socialist party, and the machinists' union, and George Bowein.v also, a member of the machinists' union, and a man who gave his name as Nelson, sought a permit to speak in Bridge? port a few : weeks ago. Permission was given to Frederick Cederholm to address the people where he chose. The suggestion was made, and agreed to, that before he or the others spoke, they should seek a permit. The next day Nelson spoke with a permit; the second day he spoke without a per (Continued on Page 2) Wilson Unwelcome .Guest of Labor At New Haven Jubilee - How. Mayor Clifford B. Wilson at tended a party to which he hadn't been , invited, and where he wasn,'t very popular became known, today. Mayor Wilson went to the Labor ray celebration in Savin Rock, after the big parade in New Haven", yester day ' and.- he . addressed the meeting. His appearance caused a sensation because it was known that the Trades Council in the Elm City had voted not to invite .him because of his at tempts to deny the right- 'of free speech in Bridgeport. . ' Ira M. Ornburn, organizer of ' the State Federation of Labor, said this morning - that the secretary of the council or one of the clerks had neglected to . send an official notice to the mayor that his invitation was re voked. ,. .'",- ' According to Mr. Ornburn, Mayor Wilson went to New Haven yesterday and met the officials of the council. He told them that heyhad read in the newspapers of the revocation xbut as he didn't receive any notification, he thought he" would attend anyway. They couldn't -very well send 'him away so . they let him speak hiss lit tle piece, which is .printed in another, column V ' Some action on the attitude of Mayor Wilson toward labor is likely to be taken at -the convention of the State Federation, which began today in' New Haven. Despite the honeyed words he distributed yesterday, the officials of the unions are undeceived as they have evidence of what he has done in Bridgeport. - v The convention is the greatest one ever held by the State Federation. It will last until Friday evening, and possibly until Saturday. Vice Commission Will Meet Tonight In Public Library . There will be a meeting of the vice commission in the public library at S o'clock tonight when plans for pro cedure will .be discussed. Attorney Chapman expects to have the report of the Hartford commission . so that the local commissioners may fa iliarize themselves with the proceed ure followed there. MANY AGENCIES ON KING'S TRACK SAYS CUMMINGS Fairfield Lawyerl's Arrest Nay Be Brought About on Brench Warrant. "Unless a warrant is issued by some other official in the meantime, when the superior court comes in at Bridge port next Tuesday, I shall ask the court for a bench warrant for the ar rest of Atty. Clitus H. King on the charge of forgery," said States Attor ney Homer'S. Cummings today. ;Mr. Cummings said' that he had not asked for a warrant 'before because such warrants' can only be granted when, the superior court is in session. A warrant for the arrest of King be issued- by a grand Juror of a town or by the prosecuting attorney of a city. Mr. Cumings said he has 'been away for a week and just returned to his office today. He does not know whether there is. a warrant out for King. But if there isn't he will ask for one from a judge of the superior court. , None of the grand jurors of Fair field have had specific complaints of misconduct against King and Conse quently no Warrant isi out in that town. - "Tou may say ac coming from me," said Mr. Cummings today, "that since complaint about Mr. King was made to nre I have taken every means to see that the public was safeguarded and that the ends of justice should not be defeated. Immediately after receiving the "complaints against Mr. King I set certain agencies at work investigating the complaints and try ing to locate' King. What -they have accomplished I do not yet know. I decline to say at this time what these agencies were." ' Up to today no tidings of the miss ing Fairfield lawyer and politician who is alleged to have forged mort gage, deeds and ralsed'money on other fraudulentpajSers have been obtained. Since he parted company with his law partner, John P. Gray in the Ho tel Garde, Hartford, two weeks ago Saturday King ' has completely dropped out of sight, - There seems to be no confirmation of the story that King's friends are raising a fund to try and aid him out of his difficulties. F. Sherwood Burr, of Southport, is probably the last per son who saw King in Fairfield. He met him at 4:30 on the morning of Saturday, August 28th. . Mr: King was walking, toward , Bridgeport. ;- BURNS &BASSICK GIRLS SAY THEY HAVEN'T 8 HOURS Committee Calls on Manage ment to Have Promised Schedule Instituted. A ' committee of girl employes of the Burns & Bassick Co. called on the officials of the plant this after noon, asking for increased wages, the institution of the eight hour day, which was promised, and pvertime adjustments. . . ". James E. Roche, chairman of the executive committee of the A. F. of L. said this afternoon: "The girls are not getting the eight hour dav in the Burns Bassick shop. They are asking for it. and they want time and a half for overtime after eight hours." Think Bridgeport Girls Should Have Been' Given Prizes James E. Roche, chairman of the executive committee and Mrs. Mary Scully, organizer of the A. F. of L., were indignant today because the Bridgeport girls didn't win a prize in the Labor Day parade yesterday in New Haven. "The girls were entitled to it," said Mr. Roche. "They made the best showing, I think of any marchers." Judge Walsh Opens Common Pleas Court The first sign of activity in the" courts was seen- this morning when the criminal common pleas court be gan the September term with Judge Walsh on i the . bench.' Albert Whit taker, a Waterbury boy who went to Detroit to seek his fortune and started for home on freight trains, was fined $25 for stealing a ride. He was ar rested in Newtown last month. The court suspended sentence and placed Whittaker on probation. Several oth er minor cases were settled. G. C. Edwards Sues W. H. Maby For $525 George C. Edwards of this city has brought suit against William H. Maby of this city to recover $5 25 for money alleged to be due for rent. - Edwards recently got judgment against Maby for $50 in a justice court. Maby was a short time ago adjudged to be men tajly unbalanced. The present action is returnable to the September term of the common pleas -court. Myra Walshe Higgins , -A Brings Divorce Suit Myra K." Higgins of this city has brought divoree proceedings against George Higgins of this city on the ground' of intolerable cruelty. The couple were married September 20, 1606. Mrs. Higgins' maiden name was Myra Walshe. Sh was a popular resi dent of. Fairfield before her marriage. BIG CHANGES GO INTO EFFECT IN SCHOOLSYSTEM Greatest Number of Trans fers In History Here In stituted By Slawson FOUR SHIFTS MADE AMONG- PRINCIPALS Appoint First Male Teacher in Grades to Inculcate "Education." The largest number of transfers and changes ever made In the teach ing force in the public schools of this city will be recorded tomorrow when the schools open for the autumn term Three district supervisors have been named, several principals have been transferred and a large number of teachers were changed. The changes among the principals are: Miss Carrie Wooster from Ster ling street school to Garfield school. Miss Luella Callahan from Garfield to the new Read school. Miss Grace Van Wyck from Bryant school to Sterling street school. 4 The first male teacher ever intro duced into the Bridgeport - grade schools will be George H. Shafer, who has been appointed at a large salary to teach "Education" to the girls at the Clinton avenue school. According to reports, Harrison Streeter, principal of Maplewood school. B. E. Cortwriglt, principal of Shelton school, and Robert L. Zink, principal of Lincoln school, have been made district supervisors for the schools. Many of the teachers are dissatis fied with their new assignments but Superintendent Samuel J. Slawson of the school system said today that the assignments are tentative ones and during the week, as the term .gets un der way, changes will yirobably be made until the system is working smoothly. Superintendent Slawson called one by one today, every princi pal, supervisor and special instructor for a few minutes' consultation at his office. He- was also kept 'busy receiv ing' new teachers and arranging' for their assignments. - v . This afternoon at 3 o'clock there was a meeting of ail teachers in the assembly room of the Bridgeport High school when Dr. Slawson made an address outlining what he expects ed of the teachers during thercoiriing. term. H. D. Simonds, principal of the High School also spoke. Although various estimates of the increase in the number of school chil dren have been made Dr. Slawson ! said to-day that no good estimate could be made before Thursday. It is the belief of some school ( officials that the increase in the number of new pupils to-morrow will not reach the estimate that has been made- but that it will Increase greatly as fast as new houses are built in the East End and more families move here. For several years the increase has been about 2,000 pupils per year. The average monthly attendance last year was 17,000. Eight rooms in the Read school in North avenue are finished and ready for occupancy. The re maining eight will be finished as L rapidly as possible and it is expected they will be ready about November 1 It is expected the new Clermont school will be ready at that time also. Miss Bessie E. Howes will be prin cipal of both the Bryant and Clinton avenue schools. The critics have been transferred from the Clinton avenue to the -Bryant school. y Four new rooms have been added In the Whittier school. New chimneys have been placed on the Barnum school and repairs have been made to the roof. All schools will open tomor row on full, time schedule and if it is necessary half time schedules will be aranged at the schools which are (Continued on Page 12.) . T. & S. HOT ROLLING DEPT. MEN ON STRIKE Quit Jobs This Afternoon More Expected Among Night Gang. One hundred men employed in the hot rolling mill department of the American Tube & Stamping Co. walk ed out this afternoon, according to a police report at the third precinct sta tion. More were to leave at 5, according to the report of the policemen- on the beat, A special detail of policemen will be sent to the factory. Violators of Game Laws, Punished, May Have Killed Judge Providence, R. I., Sept. 7 Ef forts were made by the authorities today to trace the movements of per sons alleged to have shown unfriend liness toward Justice Willis S. Knowles, of the 8 th ' district court. who was murdered at North Scituate yesterday. . The theory to which the police inti mated they were most inclined to at tach importance was that the justce was shot by some one who was in fear of prosecution as a result of Jus tice Knowles' activities in trying to secure the punishment of violatbrs of the fish and game laws. A search for one suspect during the night was without result. It was an nounced today that the body of Jus tice Knowles would be taker! to his former home at Hockingport, O., for burial. LOCAL IWOUIM Roche, Head of Labor Movement Here, Promises Most Thorough Investigation, And Says If What Leaders Suspect Proves To Be True Cer tain City Officials Must Go No Money Will Be Spared, He Says. ' Z - ' - GRAPHOPHONE EMPLOYES REFUSE COMPANY OFFER; MEET TONIGHT Crane Company's Chicago Plant May Become In- volved in Local Trouble If Matter is Not Set--; tied, Say Leaders of Strike Here Roche Warns Strikers Against Plot to Incite Them ( To Violence. That, the American Federation of Labor will bringthe whole power of its tremendous nation-wide organization to rempve from office any, official or officials who are found to be dis criminating against labor, was the substance of statements made this morning by James E. Roche, chairman of the executive committee of the A. F. of L. , in assuring the .Crane Co. strikers that the vast federation will look after their interests. Mr. Roche tried many times yesterday and today to get Samuel Qompers on the longj distance telephone to explain in person-, the situation in Bridgeport, particularly the manner in which alleged rioters from the Crane Co. plant were deprived of their liberty for a year, Gompers is in Illinois at a.convention, but Mr. Roche said this morning that distance and money are small matters compared with the urgency of the need of imme diate investigation of the court proceedings. "Tni-aV rrnino- lr Vip a fi-:;i invpstio-ation-of the trmihlft that 1 HVl V. .J Jllf iv. ' V- -occurred last week," Mr. Roche , i: i l Uo. men at a mass meeting neiu m iiHgica na.ii. "We won't stop until we investigate the records of every- nnn,r r,oi.cnn invnlvoH in -this mnttpr and if we find fWTfat'w'S suspect is true, we will eryone wno had a nana in me wrung-uumg. Mr. Roche urged the necessity of peaceful methods. "We have been peaceful," he said, "and the only trouble occurred when it was provoked by others. Use peaceful methods. Go down and do your picket duty and if a policeman interferes tell riim about your picket rights. . . "There are strike breaking agencies here in. Bridgeport and they are sending men among you to foment trouble and cause disturbances." Mr. Roche said this morning that a legal representative of the A. F. of L. will be here nere Harry Sipos, organizer or me a. r . of who is acting as speaker for the Crane Co., strikers, said this af ternoon that the Chicago plant of the company will be pulled out on strike. "The local organizers in Chicago will be notified and a strike will be call ed," said Sipos. The American Federation of Labor issued an order Saturday that every man employed in the Crane Co., West End plant quit his job. At the meet ing this morning it was reported that only 14 men are in the plant,- outside the offices, and that the patternma kers quit Saturday at noon. All the moulders, machinists and patternma kers have quit, .it was reported. Mrs. Mary Scully addressed the morning. She said that from what the organizers understood the trouble was forced on the Crane strikers. The American Graphophone Co. situation appears to be the most seri ous of those in factories where strikes are threatened. , A committee called on the officials of the plant Satur day and the eight hour day was of fered. It was refused because the WATERBU :Y BY STRIK OLIG Waterbury. Sept. 7. The entire plant of the Randolph-Clowes company had, to shut down this morning when 100 laborers employed in different parts of tv.o factory left their place of employ ment on a demand for . an 8-hour day and an increase in pay. ine men nave been Daid $1.65 per day, but want $2. They simply walked out this morning and it was said at the factory that no formal request for an increase had been made. After the laborers had left, the machinists, rollers and others had to quit The factory officials refused to give out any statement, except to say that theentire plant was practically closed. Two men, Carmel Xovelle ana tra'.va- ore Barnabo, were arrested this morn ing, following a strike of laborers em ployed by the Sperry Construction Co., contractors on the new factory build ings being erected by the Scovllle Manufacturing company. These man, 100 -in-all, " went out- after filin-' a re quest for $2.50 per day. Their present rate of pay is $2 per day. The men arrested, it Is charged, re fused to disperse when told to do so -by Policeman Overton and a small sized riot followed. Policeman Tanguey went to Overton's assistance, and the two men were soon in the middle of SN - - - - - - - - . asserted in addressing the Crane j T7 1 -Ull try to remove from office ev- tomorrow or xnur&uay. company didn't offer the increases in wages asked. - -. - The company asked the committee to grant a--continuance of the time allowed for an answer. It was to have been given today, but the officials asked the several more days be giv en in which they would consider the 20 per cent increase concession. The machinists and toolmakers aro holding out for the abolition of piece work. Two-years ago .the ; company gave up 'ple'cBworkj-and went -back to it later. A meeting of the Graphophone em ployes will be- held .this evening at Eagles' hall at Which" the question of strike will be considered. The men are getting impatient and don't want to wait longer for an answer. The Canfleld Rubber Co. employes met this morning and renewed their vote not to approach the company of ficials until the latter adopt the initiative. Some of the older men, of the factory have obtained , jobs in other places. The Siemon Hard Rubber Co. em ployes met. The situation there is the same as last, week. PLANT CL OF LAM) REUS: LIVELY -BA THE the fight. Overton's club was seized and Tanguey was knocked to the ground and it is claimed was bitten by one of the crowd. After it was all over, in a few minutes, the polica made the arrests of the' men mentioned above. They are charged with breach of the peace. Present F. W. Smith With Loving Cup As 8 Hour Dgy Begin5 Friend W. Smith, president of the Smith & Egge Co., was presented with a silver loving cup this afternoon by his employes In appreciation of th eight hour day, which goes into ef fect at the factory to-day., ' A committee called on Mr Smith at 4:30 o'clock and he was greatly pleased at the token of friendship. The whole-hearted support of the em ployes in building up the factory was promised by the committee. Mr. Smith is probably the oldest manufacturer In Connecticut, taking part in the active Work of the con cern with which he Is connected. ITe was postmaster in Bridgeport wb5i Abraham Lincoln was presidejai.