The Rutland weekly globe. [volume], February 06, 1874, Image 1

About The Rutland weekly globe. [volume] (Rutland, Vt.) 1873-1877

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vol. m. 40.
FBIDAY MOltNINO. FEB. 0, 1874.
TKR113 IN 1DTANCB.
DiitTWr month
Tnroe montlis
8lx montlm
Onoycur
Vi kkslt Tlirco montlia
Sl.t montlia
73
..12 0)
.. 4 oo
.. 8 oo
.. 75
tr,
uneyear,...
S 50
Addross OLOliK 1'Ai'Kit ct., itutland, vt.
Wc grcatly fenr tliat "clvil servico rc
form" muat lio plaecd among tlic "lost
nrts." As much ns cvcry slncero lnvcr of
lila country may rcgrct tbls, ho lint onocon.
solatlon in tlie fnct tliat It will to found
ngain In two ycars tho ycar of preslden
tinl clcction. Wo wlll thcn hcar of It, ro
solvo nbout it, nnd .
Two montlu liavo now clnpscd slnco tlio
ns.enibllng of Congrrs, nmr vra nru nu
nttilcr tlie solatlon of otir financlal iiroblcni
tlian we wcro Bt Its opcnlng. Perhaps
iiinaJoM. a'xl Kepresentatlvea, drnwlng ti
comfortnblo snlary, dn not fccl nny pnrtlc
ular financlal prcssuic. Wlth somo of
tliclr constitucnla It Is (llffcrcnt.
Is tbcrc, ns ycl, nny way In whlcli n
crimlnal can bo conviclcd ln tbo Unltcd
Statea rourts In Utnb ? Wo bnvc nn lndis
tinct Iniprcsslon of hcaiing tliat Congrcss
ougbt to lcgislatc, nt oncc, ln tbo mattcr.
As notblng bas bccn douc, or nllemptcd to
bo done, w e prcsumo wo wcro ln'slakcn.
Kvcry 011c knows tI1.1t Congrcss is nlwayt
pronipt to nct.
Tbcy ccrtaluly bavotivllriglils, pme and
nlmplc, in Mlsslssippl. Tbo llrBt colorcd
inan clcctcd to tbo Unltcd Stntes Scnatc,
nnd obtalncd hU scat tbcrcln, was itevcl.
from tliat Btatc ; nnd nowMlssisslppl ngalw
sends 0110 of bcr lalo Blavcs to tliat body.
Tbls timc, in tbo pcrson of U. Ij. Ilruco for
llio full tcrm of tlx ycara. Tbcrc sccms to
lic 110 partlcular troublo ln Mlssis.slppi, nnd
It would bo found plaln Bailing cnougb ii.
tlio otber statea. if tbcy wcio givcn to un
derstnnd tltat tbcy must tako caro of tbcm
fclvca. Ia It nny wonder tliat tbcy, nt last, bavc
good Kovcmment In New York city?
Sinco tlio prlnclplo bas bccn cstabllsbcd 11I
clcctlng only boncst nicn to olllcc, but oni
tblef Hcnry Ocnet bas, nfter bcing
clccted to tbo stato asscmbly, bccn con-
victcd of stcalini nnd run awnv. And non
whT'TmTy-fiUclligent, bonorablc, cducated
mcn in tlic city' govcrnmcnt, cvcrytbing
must be nltogutlicr lovely. At tbo lasl
mcctlng of tbo bo.ml of nldcrmen, onc ol
tho mcmbcra dcinnnstratcd lils fitncss foi
tbe position bo bolds, by delivcring blmsoll
of n spcecb, of wblcb tbo following Is n
vcrbalim rcport : "I wlll," says tbo bonor
ali'o mcitibcr, "hol cmbargo tliia Bubjcct
' wltli nny useless lbodcmontadc. It t
" absurd tliat tbls board sbould be nt tbe
" Ipse dlxlt of nny ono tnan or two mcn. 1
" nm determlncd to oppnsltion nny furtbci
" expcndltmc, nnd Fball not lio Bliaken
" from tho liash on wblcb rcst evcu
" tbo concentiatcd foicc wblcb tbo rivalry
" of niy opponcnts can conglomcratc."
Tlio only mistako mado by his cnnstltncntf
was in not clccting bim a inember of tlic
board of odiicatlon. Snrcly n "Clialr ol
Dlctionary" ongbtto be foundcd, nnd licbly
endowcd, for tbe cspcci.il bcncltt of thU
erudito scbolnr nud linguist.
Tiii: m:v .si:..vi'ics.
Wltbln tlie past few wccks foiir electlons
for Unltcd Statcs Scnator bavc taken placo :
namely, In Californla, Ohio, Virglnla nnd
Ivnnsas, nnd ono moro !n Jllssisslppl, Is 011
llio tapls. Tbe rcsult, tbua far, has had no
cffect upon tlic politlcnl complcxlon of tliat
body. It ia understood, of courac, tliat,
witli tho cxecption of Kansas, tficso clcc
tions, nro for llio tcrm comnicucing Jlnrcb
4tb, 1875 tliat is, for tbe forty-fourth
Congrcss. In Ohlo, Allcn Q. Tburman,
dcmocrat, is ic-elcctcJ. Aa much ns wc
dlsllko bi3 polilics, wo aro rcjoiccd, ao long
:as n dcmocrat waa to bo sclccled, tbnt be
'wns tlic choscn of lils party. lic Is n
statcsmau mnt peur tt mni rcproche, nnd
stands forcmost in tbe Senato for nbllity
and Intcgrlty. So fnr ns Ohlo la conccrned.
tho eltuation ia unchaugcd. In Ylrglnla,
A Ithers, varlously dcnomlnatcd ns demo
rrat, conservatlve, or oppnsltion, is clcctcd
to auccccd John F. Lewis, lcpubllcnn. Ile
ia nt prcscnt llcutcnant-govcrnor of tho Btatc,
nnd by profcssion, wobclicvc, n physician;
nnd ccrtainly ls a man witbout moro tlian
locnl rcputatlon, witbout n knnwledgo of
polltica, or of congrcselonal or. cvcn, legis
latlvc cxpcrlcncc. TliU loss ls moro tlian
mado np by tbo clcction ot Nowton IJootb
from Californla, wbo, ns tlio prcscnt gov.
crnor tbereof nud othcrwlsc, haa already
.mado for lilmi-clf n namo nnd fnmc coin
imcnsurato wltli tbe Union. Kducatcd ns
n buslncBS mnn, bo wna, n fuwyoarango,
lcctcd to tho Californla etnto ecnato. At
that tlmc, bo wn n mcrcbnnt dolng an cx.
tcnflvo buslncsa, of wbom tho Ccntral I'n'
rlllc rallro.nl conipany bougbt n largo pro.
portion of tliclr 6uppllca. Hlaproflla from
thclr trado nlono wns Inimcnse. A blll, in
wblcb tbcy wcro largcly intcrc3tcd, waa
pcndlng bcforo tbo lcgislaturc, wblcb Mr.
Ilooth opposcd by r.n nblo nnd forclblo
Bpcecb, following lt un wlth lila votc. Tho
next day, or foon thcicnftcr, lio wns np.
proncbcd by tbe ngcnts nnd olllccrs of tbe
rompnny, wbo moro tlian Inllmatcd tbat
unless lila oppoFltion to tbo incaifuro wna
wlthdrnwn, thclr trndo would bc. llis an
Bwer la lilstoiloi ",My goods nro forBalc,
not my prlnclples." It ls ticcdlcBS to say
that ncltbcr lils opponltlon or thclr trnde
waa wlthdrnwn. Tbls lllnstratca tbo mnn
ncr of man lio U. Ile ia n rcpublican of
tlic tlght etnnip, wlth lils faco stcrnly BCt
ngninst monnpoliea, frauda nnd corruptlon
In Knnsas, cx-flovcrnor Jamca M. Ha'rvcy,
rcpublican, is clcctcd to Buccccd tbo noto.
rloua Caldwcll, If wo may bclluvc tclc-
graplilc ndvlccs, and wo slnccrcly truBt w
cnn, lils persoiml cbarnctcr nnd roputntinn
nro unblemlshed, no tlala or, cveu, suspl
cion of corruptlon cvcr eulllcd lila sklrts,
white lila clcction ia rcgardcd, in Kansas
ns a trlumph of bonesty, intcgrlty, purlty
and falrncss, ovcr tbo ba&cr clcments Iu tbe
polltica of that stato. IIo lias alwsys bccn
a republlcan, nnd, howevcr much It mny
detrnct from hlm la tho cycs of lomo of
our OTer scnsllivc Vermont pnllilclana nnd
newsp.ipci, la a prnclirnl farmcr nilhal
In Miaalsslppl therc h somcthlnir of i
wranglo, but It la lrnrdly poaslble tliat It
can rcsult In tlio clcction of nny ono but n
rcpuoncan.
OO.MVIJOTIOWT.
Connecticut 1ms cnmmcnccd toburklcon
Iicr annor for tlio pnlitlc.il conlcst, whlrh
wlll cloao by hcr nnnu.il stnto clccllon on
tlio first Mondny of Anril. Tlic domocrnt-
lcstntc cnnventlon mrt nt New Ilnvcn.
Tiicaday, was thlnly nttcndcd, and rosullod
in tho noiiilnaifoii of Oovcrnor Ingcrsoll for
re-clectlou. Tlicro was thouunl contest
ovcr n doublo sct of dclegnles from New
Havcn, whlcli was sctlled, ns usual. bv
dodglng tho qucstion, mlmllllnz botli delp-
gauons .niul, thcrcby, Mtisfyinjr nellher
H. ...... T ,l . . I ' -"..in Ilut UIITU UI.-UH UUV18CU 111-
?v aT.7 8"? clM,niwHwtouri,,,on ranuot bo rcllcd up.m
UV n Inaloritv nf utina-tuiiiii .fn..u r.
or inrco iuousanu voicb, wiuic 100 incTiii;1
VtTlil!"l"w
rcpubllc.in majority for mcinbrrH of Con
grcss, througliout tlio Mntr, wn nbout tbu
amc. Tlio dlsltubing clement iu Cionnci
ticiit polltica was tho.i, ns it bail bcvu for
ycars, tbe onc capilal qucstlnn, Now Ilincn
antcd 1', nnd Hartford wanlcd It ; nnd
tbls issuo controlled stalo ronvcntion, lrg
Islatuics nnd tlcrtlons. (Invrrnor Ingcr-
soll wns n rcsldcnt of Xew liavcn, and ic-
ccivcd rcpublican votcs In tli.it counly ntoiio
sulUclent to ovcrcnme tbi) li'gulnr rcpubli
can majority and givc hlm n majuiity.
riiat Issuo li:ul iiotblug to do uith tlio con-
cssional clcction, aud tbo vuto tbcrc.it
may, nccordingly, be rcgardi'il ns iinliin-
tlng tbo rcpublican Btrcngtli of tho htato nt
tliat tiinc. .Moicovcr, tlicio woro otber
fcuds nud divhloua iu tlie p.irly tb.it lundcd
to nnything but liarmony. 'I'lns ycar, all
cbangcd. Tlio capitnl qucstlon iscttled.
bcyond rccall, by n coiislltutlonal anicnd
uiciit. Tbe rcpubllcans nro li.innimlons,
ullcd nnd dctcrmincd upon victory. Al-
tbougli tbo Btate convcntion bas not yct ns-
cnibled, tho prcss nnd pcople, wi;b 11 w
rlsing unnninilty, bavo pre.-cntcd tlio
namcs of Ilauison and Walt for govemor
ind llculcnant governor, nnd tbcy will bo
nomlnatcd by ncclaniation. 3Ir. Ilarnson
a rcsldcnt of New Ilnvcn, nnd was tho
candidate of tbu New Havcn wlng of tbo
iarty last ycar. Ilolli gcntlcmcn aie pcr-
(onally popular tliroughoiit tbo ntntc, nnd
lrc. confcscdly, boad nnd Fboulilers nbovc
tbcir democratlc opponcnts in cvcry way.
Tbo 6lgua of tbo tlnica polnt to .1 decided
cpublican tilumph. Aslde from govcinor,
tho grcat strlfo will bc for nicnibcra of tho
lcgislaturc, ns nn Unltcd Statea Scnator is
to bc clinscn ln tlic pl.icc of Qovernor
rockingham. W'v do not bcllcve tliat tlic
epublic.ins of Connecticut wlll nllow bim
to bo ouccccdcd by any onc but hlnifclf or
lonest .loe Ilawlcy. All looks wcll.
TJir. Cr.NTIlM.VIAI. i:XI,OSITtO.'V.
Only two ycars clapse bcforc wc rcle-
brato tbo ono buudrclh aniilvcisuy of
Amerlca'a indcpcndenrc j of tbe day when
lic thlrtccn colonlcs of Orcal ilrimln.
parscly Bcttled, witbout nrmies or navies,
wlth no treasury or npp ircnt mcans of pro
curmg tbe buichs of war, wilh, in cvery
itlicr rcspect, divcrfe inlercsta, and idmost
witbout rcsnurccs, rclying upon tbo llgbt-
nousncsa of tbcir causc, not by their dele
.itca nnd rcsolvcd to bo frec nnd Indcpen-
lcnt. ithout mcn, nioney or rcnurcea,
ivlth 110 poucrto ralsc taxcs, tlicy rcaohcd
to cojiu witli tbe mnst fornildililo govcm-
incnt on tbe farc of tlic carlh, and llgbt to
bo bittcr end. Almost from nnlhlng, tlie
drm resolve and Intenso patriotism of tlic
pcnplo of 1770, and tbe crcatlvo gcnius of
tbo Btilosnicn, gcncr.ils and finani iers of
tbe day caused to surlug fortb nrmies, na
vlca, nnd money na rcqulrcil, nn 1 tlie con
tcst fougbt througb to n iiicccssful issuc.
Itlswcll to rccall tbo day of tbcsc Bmall
thln js, not for tho purposoof maklng na
proud nnd vnln glorioua, but ns nn Incen
tlve for tbo future. From sniall, distlnct
colonica dcpendcncica of Oicat Ilritain,
wltli towns nud vlllagcascattercd bero nud
tlicrc.nnd occnsional farms leinoto from tbe
sctlk'inents, we bnvc grotvn to our prcscnt
proportlons wlth cltlcs, nud towns, nnd vil-
lageB, nnd farma nlmost witbout numbcr.
Instcnd of blacd trcca to mnrk tbo way or
rudo turnpikcs, wo bavc our wcll gradcd
lilgbwnys, our rallroads and cannla. Tlic
rudc, bcavy vchlclo hna bccn Bupplnntcd by
llgbt, convenlcnt carrlagca and wagons
whllo instend of journcylng m tbo saddlo
dlrcctcd by tbo unccrtaln foot path, wc can
trnvcl, nlmost wbero wo may, in car or
boat, ns comfortnbly provldcd for bollt
nlght nnd day, ns ln tho bcst nppointcd ho.
tel. A calth, prospcrity nnd industry
mark tbo prcaent day. Tlio btrldca wblch
tbls country has mado Iu materinl prns
pcrlty, durlng tbo ccntury nio nlmost bc.
jrond comprclicnslon, nnd cannnt bo paral.
lclcd ln l.lstory. Evcry ouo wiio wills, cnn
obtaln n coinfortablo support, lf not nc
qulro a compctcncy or, lndccd, nllluenco !
No moro, nro tLo ilchnnd poor, na has
bcen tho caso ln tho cnuntry'a history.
compellcd to mako n dluncr of livo kcrncls
of parchcd corn nnd a slnglo oystcr orcrab.
Exccpt in cxtraordlnary nn cxccptlonnl
cascs, cvcry man, womin nnd chlld wbo
will work can prncuro tbo ncccsBarica nf
II fo.
bucli aro somo or tlic chnngca of n ccn
tury. Is It not moct nnd propcr that tbe
ccntonmat anniversary sbould bo npproprl
ntely commcmorntcd t Wo bavo becn nc
customed for ycara, iu nlmost evcry city
vlllr.go nnd bamlct of tbo lanil, td relcbrato
tbo natlonal nnnlvcrnary. It will, dnubt.
Icss, bo moro gcncrally commcnmralcd In
1870, througliout tho country than ovcr be.
forc. That thla may bo dono In nn nppro.
prlnto manner money ls nrcdcd, wblch
must be ralscd by prlvnto subscrlpllou
Thli wlll nbsorh tho voluntary offcrlngs of
tho pcoplo. lnnddltlon to thla, ns wna
mcct nnd propcr, n natlonal commemora.
tlon has bcon provldcd for In Plilladelpbla
tho city nhich iravo blrth to n nation. In
accnrdance wlth nn nctof Congrcaa, tbo do
talls wcro lcft to commlssloncra to bo, nnd
whlcb bavo bcon, appolnted by tbo govcrn
ori of thesoveral statea. In Vermont, our
townsman John N. B.txtcr wna nppnlutcd
nnd, upon lils rcslgnatlon, MldJloton Qold
smltli. M. D., nnothcr citizcn of Kutlnnd
wm placed on tbo commlsslon ln bls stead.
Every cltlzen of Vermont knowi that bct
ter selectioua could not havo bccn made.
VTo haye rsuon to bolltro, frm a personal
ncqualnlanco wltli somo nud tbo leputatlou
or, nnd lnfurmatlon abnut, tbo othcr com
mbsluners, tliat equal wlsdom bas bccn
displaypd in tbo scleclion of tho otbcrs,
Thcso commlasloncra havo decidod tliat tbe
commenioratlon sball tako tbo form of nn
"cxposltlon" Bomelblng nfter tbu naturo
of tbo VI enua and otber lalo Kuropcau ex
posltloua to wblch all tlio untlons of tbu
c.irtb Eball bo Inyltcd to placo nrllclcs upon
oxbibltlon and to tako part tlicrolu. In tbe
(llsptay, It Is, also, dcslgned to illustralo
nnd bIiow tlio progrcaa of tbo flrst ccntury
of our Indcpcndcnco In tbo nrts, sclcnccs,
wealtli, and materinl progiess gcncrally. It
wlll bc, nt oncc, nn Intcrnatlonal cxposltlon
and n nallonal ccntcnnlal coniineinoratlon.
In our Judgnicnt.a moro llt nu I npproprlnto
niodo of celebratlng tbo coniplctlon of tbo
ccntury coubl not bnvo bccn doviscd Pri
conimcnioratlon. Cnn we, ns a pcoplc, nf-
rd to bavo lt n failuro for tbo wnnt of
inoiK'y ? Cau wo fall bchind otbcr natlons
n maklng thU cxposltlon wortby of tho
iiintry nnd tho occaslov? Wo fiivor"
nouoniy -In natlonal npproprialion. io
mc looks witli n moio jenliiua cvc, tlian c
do, upon iintliinnl cxtr.ivagnuco and Idlc
npproiulatlona nnd cxpelidlturcs. Thln,
houcvcr, is a natlonal objcct, Mmllar ccl-
bnitluna can occur but oncc in n liundicd
cars, It nppcals to our prlde and lovo of
ountiy. Tbe Iowcrbouio of tbo lcglt'n
uro of Jlnssncbiiscttabavo passcda rcsolvc.
c(ucstlng tbcir Scnatoisnnd Hi'prcscnta-
vcs In Congrcss to glvo thclr support to
all icasonablocongrcs.slon.il appropriatlon,
wbieh may be uccesary to mako tho cx-
iciBltlon n "coniplclo rcpiesentatlon of tho
trimn ludustrlcs of tbo nallnn, and n
wortby tiibute to thoso gicat men wbo se-
currd for us tho Inestlmablo blcsslngs of a
freo ri'pulilic." W'c bcllcvo tbla to bo tlie
seiillnicnt of tlic nation. Wlth tho men in
cbargc, wc bavo 110 fcars tbat such nppro.
priatlon would be foolKbly, wnstcfully or
corruplly expendcd. Congrchi sbould nct
nt ouco Iu tbls mattcr. It la Iiiportant that
tlic coiiimisVioncra shoulil know what tbcy
can rcly upon. Two years Is sbort tlme
nougli to mako tbe nccc.isary nrrange-
ments. I.ct Congrcss nct piomptly, and
et 11s bavo a ccutcnnial conimcutorntion
woitby ol n grc.it, fice. cnlightened nation.
ii.ikkici;ii' 1111,1. i. Tiur:M:,i'M:
Tho Senato havo taken hohl of tho bauk-
rupt law in f.irncnt, nnd tccm dctermlned
to mako somcthins ofit, that wlll lcml to
tbo bcnelit of tho boncst, unfortunalc
lebtor nnd, nt tho s.une lime, givc llio cro
litor 11 fair ehotr. Sybtcina of b.mkruptcy
ic ncaily ns old n tho coniinon or clvil
:iw, nnd, willi propcr icgul.ition, nrenlniost
coinniercial necej'sity. When busincss Is
brought dmvn to .1 cash basls, tbcrc wlll of
courto. be 110 ncccislty for bankrupt or Iu-
snlvent l.uvs. Tben sucli uaine.s ns deblo.
ivditor, bankrupt, Insolvent, otc, will bo
obsnlelc. So long, howevcr, aatbe bulk of
trado is transaetc.i upou crcdit tliere wlll
bo b.inkruptcy a neccsity for sometliing
llko bmkrupt laws. Tbat thcie wius mp
pnscd to be sui'b a ncccssity is hown by
tho cl.iusc ln our organlc laws glvlng Con-
giess tlio pmvcr to pass unlfonn laws upon
thoBtibject. It bas furthcr becn sbowu, at
Bcvcrnl times by tbc nlmost unanimous de-
mand of tbc pcoplo for tbe passagc of bucIi
law. We nced only rcfer lo two occa-
bions : ono imnicillately afler tlic pamc of
1837, nnd tlie passagc of wblcb was made
nu isstie iu tbo cclcbrated loi; cnbin nud
bnd cider campaign of 1810; nnd llien
soon nflertlie close of tho robpllion, wbicb
rcMilted ln tbo prcscnt law, npprovcd
.Mnrch Sd, 1807, nnd bas now bccn iu lorre
bcing nmcndcd ycar nfter year ncarly
scven ycars, n longcr pcriod than nny of
tbc fornier laws. The country tbnt is tbe
busincfs Intcii'sts of tho country nccds
for its full development, nnd na nn nld to
gcncral wcnllb and prospcrity, nn uniform
cystcni of b.mkruptcy ; or such n syBtcm
bas nnd wlll piovc n dctrlmcnt thcrcto.
Whlcli has it provcd ? It wo may tnko
Urcat Diitain nnd othcr forclgn countrles,
wblch bnvc long bnd such laws In forcc,
or Jlassachubctts, evcn, tho nnawcr must
bc thnt It is bcnellcUI. Iu rcfcrcncu to tbo
working of our natlonal system, lt may be
othcrwlsc, nnd thcre nro sevcrnl rcasona
w by lt t-hould bc $0. Notwitbstanding tbe
nppaicnt failuro of tho law of 1807, n8 wcll
as of tho formcr law, wo douht not tbat
tbo intelligcnt buslneEa mcn, wbo carry 011
tho grcat Industilca nnd gcuernl buslncsa
of tbo country, fccl tho ncccssity of somo
such syttcm, nlthougb tbcy bavo bccn com.
pellcd, ln vcry sclf-defcnce, to pctitlon nnd
work for tho repcal ot bucIi laws ns bavo
bcen passcd.
Tbero nro scvcrnl rnasons for thla nnd It
a in tho powcr of Congrcs9 to rcmcdy most
If not nll of ihem but wo slinll touch upon
only two or tbreo of tbcso rcnsona. In tho
flrst placo tlio nctlnn of Congrcaa haa bcen
tno pasimdIo nn tbc mattcr. No law bns
bccn sulTered to rcmaln nn tho stntuto book
ong rnough for tbo pcoplo to bccomc uso
to lt, nnd govcrn tbcmsclvca by it. Ono
rcasnn for thla Ia, to bo suro, that tbo most
of thco lnws havo bcen crudo and im-
pcrfcct bastlly passcd nnd ns bastlly rc
pcalcd. Let a law bo drawn wlth nll tho
caro nnd gunrda wblch dlstlngulsh otber
Inwa, nnd, nftcrwnrds, perfeclcd In placca
wbcro expcricnco shnwa tbat lt nceds lt
Witli such a law, nnd tho undcrtlandlng It
was to contlnuo n law, tho bualncaa of tbo
country would Bbapo iteclt to, nnd bo bcn
ollttcd by lt Anntber troublo bas bccn
tbat cvcry ouc could ruih, or bo forccd, in
to bankruptcy wlictber tbcy liad nny ns.
sets or not. In tho mninrlty of cnscs In
tho country, crcdltms havo rccclvcd just
nothing. Tbo Senato havo already ndopt'
od nn nmondmont undcr whlcb no dcbtor
slinll go into bankruptcy unlcss lils nsscts
piy thlrty-thrco nnd a thlrd pcr ccnt. of liit
iiabmtlca. Tbero bavo boon, tno, n vcry
largo per ccntago of fraudulcnt bankrupti
at lcast wo kunw of no othcr namo to
call tbem by, Wo know pcrsonnlly, of ln
dlviduala who took the bcneflt of tbe nct
in tbo flrst two or thrce years nfter Its paa
sago, wboio llabllltlcs wcro largo, who
sworo poslllvcly and unequivocally tbat
tbcy bnd not tJtreclly or IndlrKtly , one
cents worth of propcrty, nnd, by vlrtuo of
tbat oatli Borao friend, we prcsume, hav
Inj cbarltably fdren thcm the monoy to
VT., FRIDAY MOKNING, FEBRUARY G,
pny tho fccs obtalncd their dlscbargc. In
ono ycar, somo of tbcso men owned clegant
liousca, costlng ovcr tcn tbousaud dollars,
nnd furnlshed wlth nll tho tasto of ninilcrn
luxury. .Moreovcr, tbcy weio owucra of
borsea, canlagcs, bnnds, stock nnd bnd
plcnly of money. Tbesc nro not lsilntcd
cnscs. Instnnuca can bo found nll ovcr tbe
country. Wo wnnt n law to fcnder tbis.
tblng lniioislblc. Tbero bave bccn, tno, n
clasa of small, boncat dcbtorn, wbo, on nc
count of tbe vlcissitudca of trado, panies,
llrca or otber dlsastcrs. bavc bccn com
pellcd to puspcml, wltli propcrty cnougb,
proicrly managcd, to pay from llfty to
flcventy-Hvo ccnts 011 tho dollar. 'If tlic
man had died, bls crodltora would bavc rc-
cclved tliat nmount. Undcr tho bankrupt
lnw, tbcy rccclvo not n ccnt. Tbcrc Is no
reaaon wby It nhould cost moro to settlo a
livo than n dead man'rt cstate. We wnnt n
hirt6vcctMltbTllff?rioTrnnriTamr,
incnt nllowlng proof of clalms to bomade
bcforc justicca of tlie pcnco nnd notnrk's
publlc, Instead-of icgktiraln b.mkruptcy
and Unltcd Statcs conimiHiniiPi. Tlicio
ought l.i bo lawyers nnd lui'-lnci.s mcn
cnougb In Cnngictw topeifect nn uniform
Byslcm of bankruplcy, wblch sball bccomc
n pcriuanent foalurc o our lawa, wheruby
justlco can bo obtalncd, bolh for tho dcbtor
and crcdltor, specdily nnd cbcaph , nnd un
der wblch only tho vcry snialleit pcr ccnt
ngc of fraud Bhall bo possiblc. lf tbis can
not bo ncconiplIhcd, llien let tlio Senato
pass llio Ilouso blllsHccping tho cnllro law
from cxlstencc.
JllclKC lllllltl
011
CflllKI'VV'.iOlllll
')'
llou. Luko 1'. 1'olnnd, ropro.-ontatlvc
from tlic Hciiiid eongiosional district, bas
wiitten tho following lettcr lo tlic Unltcd
Statea Tic.istirer Spinner, icviowing tbc
whole qucslion of congrcsslou.il p.iy niul
cstoring to the licasnry bls'bnck puy" ln
obcdienco to tbat dccitlon :
Wasiusoton-, Jan. 21, 1871.
Oen. F. K. Spinner, Trcavirer of tlw Ihri
teU Stalri :
S11:: I bcrewith band you a draft for tlic
nmount rccclvcd by mo for Incre.iscd salary
ns n mcinbcr of tbo forty-sccond Congrefs,
undcr the Act of ilnicli !l, 1873. lo bc
paid Into tho treasury of tbe United Slatcs,
Iokr llils occasion lostatcBliorilv mv rea-
sona'for bo dolng. The conslitutlon pro-
vulcs tbat 'benatora nnil lteiircscntntives
sball lcceivc a coinpcnsatlon for Iheirsor-
vlces to lio nsccrtalncil liy law.
Uomiicusallon mciuiles reasonalilo Min-
pott whllo pcrformlng tbc fervlre, nud 10.1
Bonablo leward for tho service nerfornivd.
Tbc compensation bcictofoie provldcd bv
l.iw lias nlwaya prolijsed lo be iinllorm,
(.tliough tlio largo inlleage forincily ullow
ed miiilc it in fuct .vcry uncqual). ln con
sidcriiig wliat IJ proper rninpcnsntlou, n
lUllculiy nt nnce nris.es lrnin tlie lilllciciit
ciuidiliou nnd diffeient halilts of t lic va-
ious ineinbers, nnd lirst nnd inalnlv. ns lo
tlm suimoit or llvlnir whllo ncrforinine: the
servlci'. In Congicss tbeie aic nluayn
Momc men of largu paltbr w ho 1110 abla lo
llvc. nnil do lue. in n bivic nllouellit'i- iie-
yond uny sabuy ycl llxcd, or cvcn pvnpos.
ed. On 1I10 olher band tberc is 11 imicli
lnrgor numbcr who have no olher Mippoit
for tliemselves nnd familics but tbe oonv
peimation tbcy rccclvo 11s salary. llnl maiiv
of tbls claa rnnnot bo routcnt to livo Ith-
in Mii.ill means, but 1110 loolish cnougb to
feel that tbey must rnpy tbe c.iciihio
slylc of their moro weallhy colleagiii'S, or
fall ot cqual social position.
Ilut ii!-u:o tiom tlils. lliero la a L'ro;it Ul-
vciity iu tbo nctual nnd nerofnry expen-
h-j 01 ilillcrcnt inemiiera. Minic li.ivi
largo nnd cxpenslvc faiiillies to supporl ;
ntbers have nonc, or lcsa numerous nnil ex-
liensive ones. bonie havo liecn actuslonicil
to tbo luxurloua nnd expeuslve habils of
fnsbionablo lll'cj olhers bavo bcen icarcd
to babita of fiugnl economy, nbd bnvc 110
de8irc to dcpart from tbem.
Uoinix nsuuon Kir bcivicc is pcruaps suii
more dilllcult to mako cnunl. Vlieio 111 e
nhvnya mcn In Congrcss of largo nbllity
nnd nttnlnnicnt who rould coinniand in
buslncsa or in tlie piofessiona vcry much
larucr Incomo than thev rccclvo iu Con
grcss. On tho otbcr band, Congict-s al ays
contnlna bomc men wboso perviccs Iu nny
dcnartmcnt of nrivato llfc would not bo
llioiiu'lit vcry vniuaiiie. .tinny mcinncrn
dcvoto tlienisclves nssiduouslv and lalmrl
ously to tlicir dutlcs ; boiuc do vcry little
cxccpt ta look nfter tbo locnl nnd pownal
mauera irom incir own iiuiiieoinii' 111-uii i
or Slatc.
It la noncaied. tlicrcfore. tbat In flxlug a
comiicnsatlon tor incmiicra tnero woum na
tualiy ue vcry grcal illvcrsiiy 01 opinion
ns to tbc propcr nmount. Ilut this iimiiunt
must bo flxed by Congicps llfclf, for tbc
liowcris vcstcii nowncre I'lsc. in (iccituii;
what was iironcr cacb 111:111 would natur-
aliy uo governcu much uy ma own iniuv ki-
tiai casc, nim inenggrcgaie jiuignicni 01 un
wbolo bodv must bo Ihe riilciiou.
Wlicn llio proposillon lor 1111 incrca'c 01
tlio Balary of ineinbera wns llit brought
into the last Comiress tho IIouso negatlicd
itby nullo n decislvc maiorltv, but jntt nt
1110 cuu 01 tno bcbsioii, 11 unving uccu
placcd upon nn Importnnt nppropiinlioti
bill, cnougb mcnibers wcre fouud wiio fcll,
or nffectcd to fccl,thnt n dlsagrccmcnt to tbo
Balary clanso ns passcd by tliii Senato would
lnvolvo tbo loss of tlio npproiirlntion
blll nnd mnkc n spcclnl Besslon of Congrcss
ncccssary to pas the bill by n baro majilr
Ity. When last bcforo tbe IIouso tbo Biib
j.ct had vcry little considerntlon i.tho wnnt
of tlme nnd tho conditlon of tbo bill pre.
vcntcd nny full dcbato.
1 voted uuiformly ngalnst tbo lncrcase. I
wns acluatcd somewlmt by my own person
nl condilion nnd Ideas. Tho old salaiy was
sulUclent fnr mo. Ilut I havo uo douht tbat
manyof thoso wbo otcd to Incicasolt, fclt
tliat lt was nctually ncccssary fnr tbem. I
tliought nlso that If tliere wa3 a rcal nccea
slty fnr an Incicasc, lt wna nn inopportune
tlme tomakolt. Certnln iiivcBtigallouannd
dovclnpmcnts had crcated n grcat cxcile
ment In tbo public imnd 011 thu subjcct of
coiruptlon Iu publloolllclals, nnd for atinio
tlicro wna grcat distrust of everybody In of
llclal position. But tho l ill becamo tho
law. That portion of it iiinklngtliolucicise
niply to tbo Forty-Sccoud Congrcss wna nt
onco deuounccd In vcry eevwo termsby tbe
publie prcsa. Llttlo or no objcclion was
mado to the prcspcctivo lncrcase. I could
notecotho forco of tbo Indlscilinluatlon,
If $7,000 ivas 11 propcr snlnry for the For.
ty-Thlrd Congrcss, I rould not bco wby It
wns not for tlio Forty-Second. Tbo servlco
was tbo samo, tlio expensonf livlngcvilain
ly na grcat. Cotigreis had tbo samo leg.il
rlght to rnlso tbo puy nt tbo cnd of
sesslon ns nt tho hcgimilog. niul
tlie nronrlcty '" of tho act dcpcnd-
o.l wbolly 'upon tbo nmount llxed,
whetbcril wns or wna not nn unrcnsnnnble
sum. Such too had bcen the invarlablu
pructlco of Congrcss nud of nll stnte legln.
iaturca. Ihat an'lncrcaso of salarr nlwnvs
nppllcd to tbo body maklng It. itwnsoti.
Jcctcd to on tbo ground thnt it wna iu tbo
uaturo 01 a comraci uciwccn 1110 rcprcsen.
tativo aud lila constitucuts, thnt be would
scrvo tho tcrm for tbo salarv ns It stoiH
when ho was clcctcd. I icgardcd tlils
vlow ni wholly nnsound. IftbiTOla nny
semblauce of contrnct ln It, tho cnutract ls
tbat tho mcmbcr wlll scrvo for such com.
pcusaiion aa Congrces slinll determlne. lf
Congrcss sbould mako Ulcsabo could not
complaln 1 If they incresscd lt, ho is ea.
UUd to t bcnoflt of tko laorsau. Tbt
appncnt opnosltlon nt llrt sccmed wholiv
ngalnu tbo Ihcrcnso of tlto salary of tho
iorly-sccond Congrcss-tbo back pay, ,
Itwascdlcd I could seano forco in tbe
rosaons urgcd ngalnst it tliat did not cnual
ly npply t,, tlio prospcctivo lncica.c, nnd
tlicrcfore I drj'W tbe lncrcase as 1 ,li, ,nv
otber pay. NiO publlc olsniislon wmn b.'-.
g.m to go fiidn-r, nnd to rondemn tbe Cn.
tlrenct, whfh wns tbcsamo grouml 1 ,a.l
Blond tlp..njvhcn tho nct wns passcd.
I dctprmln,1, tl.ciclorc, for myclf to
...i -i. " '""wau, wiien tlie
ICt CO'.llll llfl ll.ll.,.rf,.t,. '
nmlneil nmidccided. Tbo mattcr cniiio bc-
II, IU .tll'l
tbls fcssior
ia nt tho oommcnccmcnt of
uim wns ueoaicd nnil consld
crbnps tinncri.M.irv i1,.IIl,..r.
crol wlth
tlon. Tbo
'CSlllt WllS IL I'l'lltrn Ir, tl.n ..1.1
salirybynAeiv declslv., mijorlly of botb
IIo isc... 4 wlth otbc-s, did our utmost to
uiiilo nll tlt conscquc-nccs of tho incrraso,
nnd mako vcry one now In Congicss, ho
wd irrlvJL inoiiey umlcr it, ucnount for
t y liw icscnt salary. liut so maiiy ucn
tleiliffl. wjri) troublcl wlth constlliitlSnal
nfc'.v.JJlTuiiA-niiV ninffl consllltitlonnl
'"iaJ'tiu wns- nny mo
lli.lh 11 Ktroactlvo tUereate. That vlew
hontrrr pievallcd, nnd cacb ninn is lnft to
nct oh IiIk own judgmcnt lf Congrcss had
ili-i'icM that 47,00O wns tbo propcr pnlary
ior un nmi luturo ( ongicsscs, 1 suould
liivc Ml 110 pciunles nliiiut letalnlng tbe
same srtn for tbe last Congresi. Itut tbcy
naving (cliDcraiciy Jleclilcil tliat tlic old
salary of .1.000 is tho propcr sum for thla
nud futuii Congie.ifcs, I wo 110 propilcty
In rotalniu,' a gic.Ucr Biim for tbe last. As
1 sam iiciiic, llio fccrvico wns tho B.11110;
tho vxncnsi of llvlna tbe same. nnd 1 tblnk
tlio p.iy nlould be tbe samo. Tlic samo
rcasuns. Ihucfoic. wliich Induced 1110 to ic-
ccivc llio iiiucnso feem now to prevcut my
propeny rcunung lt.
1 11111 utly your oljcuiciit scrvnnt,
I.I!KB 1'. 1'ul.VM).
l'roni tlo Olouo'a Mpcclal lirnorler.
.Ili'itlni; nt llio Vi rliionl Ilmiril ol
.Itrrtcnlf nro.
Vkkoemses, Fcb. 3.
Tlio nftermon bosslon cammcnccd wlth
nn nsscinlily nf nbout slxty rlllrens of tho
counly.
Gcn. Gco. W. Grnndcy, was clcctcd
chaliinan ol tho mcctlng, nud witli a few
Fpiiiicd rcmirks took tho chairnnd intro
duccd Or. Virgil W. nianch.ird of Middle
bury, wbo procccdcd to read n papcr upon
"mechanlcal nppli.incca."
Tlio icw prcacutcd tdiowed that tlic far-
miT is nt the prcscnt tlme much Icss n
slave lo nitiire nnd its flcklo control than
cverbeforo. Flood, fro-t, droutb, storm
nnd tcmpcat, niarko.l hlni a prey ln fornier
tlnus.
From 1853 mcrlianlcnl nppllanccs be
camo utlllizcd in tbo mowcr, reapcr, tbrnsb
cr, rakcr, ftc.ini plow, nnd olher wnys, so
tbnt Ihe biulo forco of tho horponnd ox bc
conie inorc prolllably dlrcctcd by buniau
intelligenre. I lio ideai had existeil in 11
trudo ftnlo bcforo but weienot fully dc-
iclopcd.
riic liarvcbt of gralu by tbo piesent
melbnd of uslng n icrfcct icnper, tliat givcs
(Visemul contlilenru to tho cmployer waa
coin))S)d to tho fornier inethod of hnrv-
fctinjj lly tlie ui-o ot the sicklc, wbere lui
uian ('iiJiiiance was taxed to tbe utterinost
nnd llie (xh.insled bodiiy vlgor picclude'd
nny activ- piofltalilo tliought.
Tbe Iiu;iMvcnicnt9 pos.sible in tbo horso
rakc mcio incntloncd as desirable, so tbat
the level dry bay sball bo gatheicd, coekcd
and lclt iu iyniuutric.il he.ips in oncopera
tlon.
The horse jmwer sliould bc so iniproved
tno, that lt slall not cost ovcr $.10, lic llgbt
slrong nnd wsily ninnagi'd, nnd ndapted lo
niDi l- woik ot llio farm, so thnt tho wood
for fiicl sball hij nll wi ought by its nse,
nl.Mj thrnsihln, cl.ui'nlng, cuttiiig of ftcd,
clc
Wind, ns n souice of powcr, wns rcfeitcd
to nnd ita pisllnlilles Fet forth.
Tbe only obdacle lo man's fcupremacy
m er tbe forces of naturc, Is his lnek of np
piccl.itlon of his own mentul powcr when
his intcllect ls lliornnghly cultivnted.
Now tho farmcr Is fully cngaged ln ac
(piiiliig nulcrl.il lns.tc.ul of iiitellectual
wcallh.
Tbo doinlnation of tho ngrleulluiist is
siuo to bo a f.ict, for two icisons
First Tliey nro numcrically in tlio 111.1.
joilty.
Sccond Ileciuso 1ns cloc coniinuniou
witli nattuo dovelopa bls mlnd to rcceivc
right nnd just Inipie.ssions, that ns bls
lcasuro glves hlm tlme to nsslmilato will
lead 1)1 111 to work ln bnrmony witli naturc's
God.
Tho dlscusslon followcd, led by L L
Wriglit of Cornwall, who icjoiccd thatho
wns hero to hcar tho nddrcsa, nnd pympa.
thued wltli evcrylhlng thnt clovatcs tbo
fJiiner.
Ue spokc of tho horsc rakc tbat cnables
tho boy of tbo f.irm nud cvcn n lady to tako
plcasuio In gntbcrlng tho barvcst of bay
7. U .Inmcaon fcpokc of tbe elcvation ot
tho farmcr depeniling upon tho coiilinunus
cducatlon of tho chlld.
Wiien tho chlld ls young wo tnko pleas
uro In tcacbtng It, but ns its qucsllona bc
como moro dilllcult to nnswcr, wo bcconio
lesa Incllucd to nnswcr tbem, nnd rcnlly tbo
boy fmn flftecn to twcuty-onc, leaina lesa
than duiiug tho samo limo carllcr ln llfe.
At thla nge bo sbould lcarn nll tbo prncttcnl
work nf tho fnrm, tho buylng, telllug nnd
brcedlng of catllc, shccp nnd stock of nll
kluds ; tho sowlng, culturo nnd barvcsting
of nll crnpa ; tbc manufncturo ot buttcr
and chceso. All progrcss dcjienda upon a
bettcr unders'andlng of all our dutlcs, nnd
tbo wuy to pcrform tbeni.
I'rof. Colllcr urgcd tbo lmportnnco of
fnrmlng hubils of nbscrvntlou of naturo of
facta ln lelntlon to nll tho dcvclopmonts In
tbo scismia, crops nnd fnrcca of tinturc,
Mr L U Wrljht mcntloned tbo plowlng
of wct land Into beda nnd plowcd by nccu
rato mcasnrcments of two rods In wldth
and was gulded by 6takes. IU found tbnt
tbls inecbnnlcid nppllnuco gavo hlni grcnt
sallsfacllon In tbc tlulsblug of lils Innda,
Dr liosklns spoko of tho md to tho fnrm
ernf nccuracy In lils phintlng nnd lnnll
lils incthnds.
Mr. Goodalo, of Bildport, mcntloned
that thcto wns two classca of nrlstocrnts.
Tlioso wbo bavo a mauly prido In thclr Ia.
bor, nnd tbo otbcr clnsi tako prlde ln Idlo.
HCfS.
IIo tben asked how land cnu bo testorcd
that la vcry poor. Uo Intcuds to plow In
somo crop nnd looso tbo use of tbe land.
Now what crop ls bcst to plow In ?
Dr. liosklns wns nppcalcd to, nnd tald
tkat oa JlgUt oll, corrul oould bo plowed
1874,
In oftcncr thnn any otbcr ; buckwhcat cnn
bo sown tbreo times ln n Benson and can be
plowcd Iu na inany tltncs.
Ilut tho rcd dover plant plowed ln wlll
icnovnle tllliigc land rapidly. IIo sows
dover sced Iu tho npring on plowed land
with no grnin. T'io same ycar tliere Is n
rrop to mow ln Scptcmber, Tbo next
ycnr mow nnd bay tbe flrst crop, nnd when
1110 seconil crop lagraln plow it m. nnd It
makcs n good picparatlon for nnothcr crop.
The dover plant roots decply nnd storca
Ui fertllily from tho subsoll j tbo loavcs
nnd Mnlka storc up fertllily from tbo nlr.
Mr. Goodalo sald ho thoualit of sowhur
wlnler ryc, nnd In tho sprlng plow It In,
tben sow sprlng ryonnd plow tbnt In 1 thcn
sow com nud when It has mado n growth
ot four or slx fcct plow tli.it in, wblcb
can bo caslly dono by having n clialn drng
irom 1110 cvencr to tho bcam of tbe plow.
At tbe cvcnlng Bcsslon n good nttcTidanro'
of cltlzens wcro prcscnt.
Col. 12 8 Slowcll, ot Cornwall, icnd n
vcry carcfully preparcd bistory of sbccp In
gcncrnl and tliosc cspcelally of tbo Ameil
can mcrlnocs, ns dcvelopcd by tlio IIm
nionds from tbe Atwooil merlnocs nnd tbc
Klcli or I'.iulars breed. Also tbo wool In
tcrcst of llils country nnd Its llseund fall.
Tbo papcr was n valuablo one nnd n propcr
tributo to tbo pronilncnco that has bcen
glven In Vermont to shccp busbandry. The
rcport of tbe Board would bardly bo com
ptcto wltliout such n papcr ln It, nnd lta
conipilation nnd ntraugeuicnt rould not
well havo bccn Iu bctler bands.
Aa tbc cvening was Bomcwbat ndvnnccd
tbcrc wns no discusslnn, buf tbo papcr of
l'rnf. I'. Collier, sccrctnry nt tbo board,
was callod for nnd ho procccdcd to icad It,
cntltlcd " Waslo I'roducts of tho Farm."
Thla papcr took up thu rcmalnder of tho
cvening uullt nfter ntno o'clock, nud nt ita
concluion a votc was taken to Invlto tho
ladles to ntlend tbo nicctlngs, ns tbcy nio
public.
Itoar.l ndiouincd to 0:30 n ni. Wednea.
d.iy. .. k. J.
VKROENNea, Feb. A.
On Wcdnesd.iy morning tlio mcctlng wna
called to order by Gen. Geo. W. Orandcy,
who procccdcd inimcdiately to businesa by
introduclng .1. Bailey, of Bridport, who
icad n papcr upon tho
VEOKTAM.K I'KOIICOrS 01' Tlir. FAIi.M.
All Ihe (lenicuta of nnimal nnil plant
growth nro ln tbo nlr, cartb nnd water.
lic only consldered tbo prlnclples ot plant
growth, lcavlnglo otbcrs the nnimal gtowtli.
Ilercteried to tbu licli bottom lands in
tbe Cbaniplaln valley nnd its nlmost inc.v
hauatable fertllilj-. Much of tlio lowcr
lands nced dralulng, nnd witli open drnins
nlong thu baso of tbo uplanda to carry off
suiplus water, wo ircl.iini tbo bcst of our
lands.
Ifnll (lint groH npnn (ho Hoil is return
ed lo It, its fertllily is lncrc.iscd, but llils
rnunot nlwnys be done. Slablo inanuie
shoulil be carcfully savcd nnd npplied.
ton of straw wlll mako niorc inanure than
11 liui of hay. Do not soll slr.iw but sell
hayj nnd feed gralu wlth tlio Btraw to cat
Ile. Itestoic n f.irm by gralu raMng, feod
ing grain nnd str.iw. Tlic icason why we
get innie mauiiro wilh :i ton of str.iw tlian
11 ton of hay U beciuso the hay Is nll ron
sunied nnd tho icsult n only abutit one
load of manure. While straw ia not all
consumed but Is partly trodden undcr foot
nud Is also an nbsorbant of liipiid manuic,
and tbo icsult Is two or thrce bi.ids of man
ure.
I'.islure iniprmeinoiit wns icfened to,
nnd tbe wliito gr.isa tliat Is sprcad ovcr
llieni coiulenied. Tbc use of manuio upon
tbc surfaco of pastuies nnd mingled witli
tbe surfncc of till.igc, wassliown lo be tbc
Irue pollcy.
Tbc paper was so full of good tliought
nnd wcll dlgosted Idcas that nu nbstrae
cannot do justico to lt. It was rcceivcd
wlth be.irty applausc.
Mr. Mason of New Havcn Inquired bow
to klll out wlld grass from n meadow thnt
llows. His meadow had becn wcll fct
1itl1 berds nnd grass but tbls ycar tlio wild
grasscs como m.
Hc was nnswcrcd by scvcral pcrfom
L. L. Wriglit spokc of plowlng ln bcds
so ns to clcvnto part of tho land nnd favor
drainage.
Our reporlcr would placo fowl meadow
aa one of tho most valuablo lowland grasses
nnd for the productlon of mllk or nouilsh
ment of cntllo nbout cqu.il to hcrda grasa.
Tbo dlscusslon wna sbortencd to liear tbo
papcr of C. G. I'rlnglo of Cbarlotlo upon
"ntClTS FOlSFAMILY CSE."
Tho soll (or frult sbould such as Is good
for potatocs or corn, wcll drnlned natu
rnlly or nrtlficlally. A halt acro wlll clvi
room for n snllsfactory frult garden, tho
shapo ot a parallelogrnm, wlll wlth Btrnlgbt
rows glvo n chnncc to cultlvnle wlth horso
nnd cultlvator, havo n few fcct of grnss
at cnch end to turn llio horsc upon. Tbc
rows of npplca may bo BO fcct for slow
growlng trcca, wlth carly bcailng trees
mldway bctwccn, currcnt busbcs In tbc
rowB of npplo trccs. Grapo vlncs by tho
bordor, a placo for 6trawbcrilcs, black bcr
rlcs nnd tho blackcnp raapbcrry, nll nrrnng
cd so that hoi-60 culturo u rows la prac
tlcable. A llst of npplca for tho vcnr waa
brlclly dcscrlbcd bcgmnlng wlth thecaill
cst ma'uiing klnds nnd clnalng wlth tbo
bcst wlntcr klnds 1 Tetofskcy, Hcd Astrn
ehan, Bwcct Bougli, (tcnder,) Curtls Swcct,
Swcet Slberlan, Sops of Wlnc, Early Joc,
I'rlmatc, Benonl, I'oiter, Grnvlnstoin,
nuchc6s of Oldenburgb, Fainusc, St. Law
rcncc, Fall Ornugo, Slunson Swcct, Hub.
bnrdston, Nouesucb, (tendcr,) Swnur, Tnl
mnn Sweot, Lndles' Wlntcr Swcct, Wng
iicr.Northcrn Siy, 11. S. Greenlng, Goldcn
Husbct. Among grapes tbo Del.iwnto la
tbo most hnrdy, closely followcd by llio
Concord nnd otber klnds. Sliawbcrrles
are led by Wllson's Albany. Chcrrles nnd
plums wcro rcferrcd to and tho vnrlctlcs dc
scrlbcd, nlso pcari.
Tbero wna much In tbo pupcr that wns
prnctlcol nnd cncouraglng to tho frult
growcr of tho Champlain vnllcy.
Tbo Tinmouth, wns inquired afler nnd
rccommcnded ns nn cntlng npplo, but too
tendcr to sblp.
L. L. Wrlght sald lt lncks charactcr i ls
not good for cooklng. Otbcrs fnyorod tbo
Tinmoutb bcnrtlb.
Bamsdcll Swcet was lccommcndtd by
L. L. Wriglit ns gooil len montlia in the
ycar.
Or. Hosklns colucldcd wlth Mr. Wilght
In rccommendlng tlie Hamsdell Swcet, and
says it Ia hnrdy ln Orleans county.
-Mr. Douglass epoko of the Tinmouth ns
a very vnri.ible njiple In quallty and bears
cvery otbcr year. When tho npplo la Iu
pcifectlon It la vcry flnc i when It la sbadcd
and tbo treo la overloadcir nnd not well
ripcucd, it Is lnfcrlor nndon unbcallby tieea
It Ia npt to be Impcrfcct.
Dr. liosklns nnd othcra nttcslcd lo tbe
Igb nnd dellclous flavor of Vermont ai-
ples, ns nttestcd by conimlltces nt cxhibi
tlons wbcro tbo samo vnrlctlcs nre comnarcd
togethcr, grotvn Iu different localltles. 1
Mr. Prlnglo mcntloned, na n fnct. tbat
Vermont npplcs nro good kcepcrs nnd bcnr
transportntlon to forclgn countilca and to
(Iirt?nt.jiirta n'Cnur own country. Ho
orcharda.
Itobcrt J. White statcd, ns n fact, that in
ono locahty tho sanicvnricly wlll bo hnrdy,
and flftecn mllea from sucli 11 placo lt wlll
bo tendcr. Actual trlal wlll be the tcst, but
tho frult planter can gain valuablo Imprcs
slons from obscrvlng tbo Burceas of
orcbards nronnil hlm.
Adjotirncd untll 2 p. m.
AlTElSNOON.
I'rof Gco II Pcrklus of Burlington, nd-
drcsscd tbo mcctlng upon
IS3E0TS THEII! l!Ut.AT10S TO T11B FAUMEl:
Tberc Is n Btrnngo npalby in rcgnrd to
cntomology. During tho last 90 years not
moro thnn $1,000 n ycnr haa bcen expend
cd In studyiug Insccta in the statea nud
nation, while tbe loss by insccls to the
farmcr ls nnnually $3,000,000. Tlicro aio
nbout 80,003 Tnrietles of Insects in the
country and only nbout thlrty mcn giving
tbcir atlcution to tbo habils ot Insects, nnd
only tlirco men receivu n modcrnto salaiy,
beciuso ot thclr atlcution to tbla branrh of
kiiowlcdge. It may bo 11 small mattcr for
n man to spcnd his timc ln studyiiu nn in-
scct not much largcr than 11 pin bead, yct
such nu insect haa dcstroycd more tlian
$73,000,000 worth of whcat In Illinols.
Many lliings of grcat iinportaiico rcsult
from tbe carnot consldcratlon of small
mattcr. Wo nced thcorizeia wilh practical
men. Tlicio nro cight or ten tbousaud
klnds of insects in Vermont, nnd do vcry
much daniage.
riic potnto bug tbnt dix'3 iimncnso dam-
nirc lu tbe west, nnd ia 011 ita way eastward
nt tlio rnle of 100 miloa n yoar. Spcclmens
of thla was sliowii nnd band picklng of
thcBO bugs nnd drnp into bot wntcr is tlie
mnst effeetlvu warfaic.
Tbo boicra iu vniious trees wcre rcferrcd
to. nnd the injury rcsultiiii; from tbo farm
crc woodpile breeding bniers that pprcad to
1ns frult trees. Kefeienco wns mado to a
may bug, Ihat In n lava stato eals tbe rools
of grass nnd roots of slriiwbcrries, nnd is
injuriotn. Wood abes sprcad upon land
has nn cffect to destroy many worms nnd
eggs of insects tli.it 1110 ln tbe soll. Tbo
coiihng molb was referred to.
niaorasioKB.
LLWiinht. of Cornwall, sald ho bnd
cot power over tlic Codling mnt1'. He
nlanted nn orchanl and bls trtut was stung,
stung, Btitng. Onc ycar loO luskcts wcre
gatbcred and cvery onc wns stung. not a
nuslicl llt 10 sell. ue rcniaiKcii iiiiiucr:
"I wna at home one Sunday nnd got npplo
liunurv. nnd wcnt inlo tlie cenar anu picK
cd n lonir tbnc to find n nerfect nnnle. 1
brought up tour nna sal down nnil ciu open
ono nnd tbero was n wonn. I watrhedhim
and saw hlm drnp toward the floor 011 a
tlireail tliat lie spun. 1 llinugiit ot n pinu :
1 would lcncu un my orriiaru perieciiynini
put my hogs in to ent up cvery npple that
lell olt. lt cost mc Bfo to tence 11 ngiit
Tlio 11 rst ycar 1 got but little frult: ntte
thni 1:0011 crona. liy pasiunng tiieorciiaril
tbc hnga cat tho wludfalla nnd the worms
wlth llieni.
I'rof. Henrv M Seely, of .Middlebury
snoke upon "Lcavcs," lllustr.illug 1ns nd
diess by numerous speciniens sbnwing Ihe
vnrioiH forms of coustruction of stem nnd
blnde. Theolllee of the leaf is iu claboratlng
the lulccs ot tlic plnnt, nml transiorming
carlli. ilr nnd wcather into the most beautl
ful orirauism. 9.000.000 tonsof caibomc
neld pass tlirough tlie lcavcs dally. Tbc
ent ls tlio mcana ot ouiiiiuig u 1 orgnm
structure. Its meets tbo oxygcn of tbe
nlr that la so dcstrucllvu nnd iuakcs lt harm
lesa: It rctnlna tho carbonlc acid. Tbclcaf
fccds tho nnimal cre.itlon. Tlic leaf prona
e;atesllself bv ils vnrlcty ln llowers and
sced. Tbc Bccds of swcct npplcs nnd beana
are lcavcs; tlio coal nnil l;eroeno 011 ls 111c
restilt ot loavcs of foimer ngcs.
Tlm OriBliinlor of Anicrlcllii
Wllliani Saunders, tbo ninu who luaugu.
ratcd tbo order of tbo l'atrons of Husban
dry lu Anicrica, says a correspondcnl o
tho Chicago Timtt, Is n gcnlal, unoslcnta-
tious, scnslblo Scotchman. IIo !a iiptvnn!
of 00 ycara of age, a man of largo tramc,
sotuetblng nbovo medlum bclght, wlth gray
bnlr. a beard nlmost white ; and, allhougl
bls complcxlon ls rnthcr dark, ho has th
bgbtest bluc cycs I cvcr saw cycs wblc
would dcllght tbo trniiscendontnl Alcott
who bcllcvcd tbat tho biue-eycd will iuberlt
tho carlh. Ho bas n hlgh and snmcwhnt
rctrentlng forcbcad, n noso wblcb cvlnces
strengtb of chnrncter, nud n rather sobc
cxpresslon of countcnnuee, aa a mnn of
tliought rnthcr thnn a man who ! conlioll
ed bv bls fecllngs. Hli bcarlng Is 6uch
that ho eliclts gooil wlll from otbcrs
thoso who nro nssoclated wlth hlm boldin,
hlm ln profound and cvcn tcnder reganl
Mr Saunders cnmo to thla country In 181
I'rlor to thnt tlme ho had bccn cngaged I
horllcullur.il nnd ngrlcultural ptirsulta
nnd nbout London, wbcio he nlso org.unz
ed soveral Boclctlca of pcrsona rugaged I
occupntlons slmllar to his own. For ov
cral ycars pnat bo hna bcen, na bo U nt pre
scut. tho supctlntendcnt of the girdena of
ngrlculturo. Ho luslsta tbnt tbeio ia
gross mlsutidcrstnndliig ln tho popular
mlnd na to tho mnlu purpnso of tbe gran
gers. Instcad of belug, ni gcnerally stip
poscd, au organlzntlou to llnht mouopolle
nud to control political ncllun, tho orlglual
Inlcntlon, nt lensi, wns mcrcly forpurposes
ofslmplo cducatlon nnd buslucss, for In
structlou in bortlculiuie nud ngrlcultur
and for economy nnd clllclency ln thclr prl
rato buslncsa transacllnus.
Iluvlng to prcach In the pulplt of the
town m whlcli bo fouud bls wlfc, on tbo
Sabbnth after bla marringe, ono mnlndrolt
mlnlstcr who bnd grown Irougtnyns
bachelor In lils slmpllclty so far forgot all
suggcstlons poBsiblo lo tho occaslon, as to
antiounco ns lils tcxt, Job xxlx, 2, and rcnd.
nmld tho palnful tltters of tho pcoplo 1 "O
that I wcro as In months past ; ns In tho
uiys when uort protferven mo.
PIUOE F1VE OENTS.
From Our Hpoclat CorrcspondenU
Tho Wniorliury IlrlilBo ui.n,,,.,,
St. Alijans. Vt., Feb. 8.
Tho stateinent conccrnlng tho tcst and
failuro of tho new Iron bridgo of tbo Cen
tral Vermont ovcr tho Winooski rlvcr ncar
Nnteibury last Saturdny, publiabcd ln the
Ilutlnnd iraUnt tbla morning is dlstln
gulshcd by nn unfortunalo Inaccurncy too
frequently noticeable ln the columna of
tbat journal. Tbo prlucipal crror in tbla
nccount Is conccrnlng tbo deflectlon of tbo
bridgo undcr prossurn, as contnlncd in tbo
following pnrngrnph qunled from tbe
llcrald:
Slnceltscoinpletion tinms bavo becn pass.
ng oycr it daily, but untll Saturday it bail
bcen stib ccteil to nn ..i.i "J
sttenglh. It wna thcn tcstcd nfter tbe fnl.
ow ng nianner:-Four frelgbt cars wcre
oadcd w th foitv i.m 1. ..
tnched to nn cnglnc bnckcdon the bridgo i
two nnd n half Inchca mnie. nml ln
did it sprlng baek to ils orlijlnal levd nfler
(110 rcinovai 01 tne cnrs. As tlic flnnl tost.
10 four cnrs. having a oombined wcluht
11101 c than two liiiniliml tim
w crc plac( d 011 ; wIipii it Immediatcly rol
lapscd, preci)lt:iling tbc iour cars nnd two
men wboweioon them Inlo tbo rlvcr lc-
ow, n (listiiiico of nbout tbiity feet. Ono
)f the men waa vcry teriously Injuicd, hav
ng lna collar bonu lirokcn nnd lila head se
rcrcly cut. Tbo olher escancd romiima.
tlvcly tinhurt. Tbcy wcre btidge men, nnd
lt Is said were noloidereil tlicro, nnd bnd no
buslncsa on Ihe cara during tlio tcst. Tho
clvil cnginecr reccivcs n good dcal of blanio
toi not icportlngtbe faettli.it nfter cirh
tcst llio bililge did not sprlng back to Ita
foimer level, 11s, had thnt faefbccn knowD,
tbo nccident niight lnve becn nyoidcd.
The qrcatest dellectiou is now stntcd nt
3 Inclicsunder tlircecaraeach located wlth
10 tons of hou.
Tbc facl U tbat 110 obscrvatlon wns taken
wiili ihree rnrson tho btidge, nnd that tlie
niaxiuiuin dcllcctlon notcd l.y tlic cnglnccrs
nt nny tlmc wns ptcclscly oneinch.
Wo nro cunhled to glvo bclow tlie nu-
thentlc and only obscrvations tnkeii by the
cnginccison tho dellectiou of tbo bridgo
uudcr the variuua lests nppllcd. Tho ob-
servntions wcre taken and dellectiou noted
only 011 tbe mlddlospan of llio brldge, wlth
rcaults ns follows :
Dellectiou wlth frelght traln on tlic
bridgo standiiig Btlll : Quartcrs, 1 Incb.
;ntro 9 1-0 incb. Litcral sway inrh.
FIllST TCST.
Slngle cnglno nt rest on eenter.
Quartcrs incb ; centre, Incb ; lateral
not taken.
bixosd Tnar.
Bngine aloue, running slx nilles per bour.
(Juatters, incb ; centre, 7-1C Incb ; lat
eral not tnkrn.
TlltKD TCST.
Kngitie nlone, runningten mllea per bour.
Quartcrs, (3-10 Ineb ; ceutie, 7-10 Incb :
lateral sway, .1.10 incb.
roURTIl 1KST. 5hL
Bngino nlnne, runiijug twenty-IIie niilcs
pcr bour.
First (north) quarter, lucb ; ccntie,
10 incb Lat quarter, 5-10 Incb ; lat
eral sway, 5-10 incli.
FIFTIt TEST.
Kngine nnd one car louled wltli filty tons
of Iron.
First quai ter, 4-10 lnch j centre, J Inclu
Last quarter, 5-10 Incb ; lalcral 1 way 3-10
lnch.
blXTU TCST.
Enginc wilh two cars loadcil wlth llfty
tons of Iron, each stamling 011 centre.
Quaitcr. J inch j centre, 1 lnch.
From tbc nbovc it wlll bc scen that the
dellectiou was vcry sllgbt, nll tbiuga con
sldered, nnd remaikably uniform.
It is truo Ihat tlie wntract provldcd tbat
tho brldge tbould sustain a prcssuro of 3,-
003 pounds pci line.il foot, but tbat It waa
" proportloned " to sustain that prcssure
Is scarccly the wbnle truth, na the tiguiea
sbnw It lo bo capable of sustalnlng a prcs
turc of 12,000 pounds per lino.il foot, or
four tlmcs tlic wclglit creditcd by tbe ller-
ald. Tbu " fuct " that tho btidge failed to
sprlng back to ita original position nfter
eacli tcst, is not n f.ict at nll. On llio con
trary. 011 being rclleved from picssute tbe
bridgo promptly rcgnlned ils level In evcry
lnstnncc, untll tbo tlnnl crnsh.
Thefailuicof tho bridgo undcr its last
test Is a tblng wblch ns yct rnnnot in nny
way bo accounted for wlth certaiuty. No
dcfcrt cin bc found in tho work, nnd. na
nbovc stntcd, rareful r.dculations slmw lt
to linvc been capable of suslnluluga wcigbt
moie Ihan four times ns gient ns tbnt undcr
wblch It fcll. Max.
Itmlu'ii)' IIciiiv.
Tho Mobile and Ohlo rallway ls one of
tho longest ln the Unltcd Statcs, aud
stretches from Mobilo to Columbns, Ky.
Tlie Mobile and Montgoniciy road Is n llnk
in niiotber ehabi of rallwny that conuccts
.Mobile wlth llio West. The New Orleans
and Mobile rallway, onc of tbo bcst np
poluled roads iu tlio South, connects the
two grcat cltlcs ol thcgulf. Tbo Grand
Tiund rallway now bullding, nnd of whlcli
sixty mllea nro competed, wlll tnp tho irou
and roal rcgious of tbe stnte nt 'Blrniing
ham, und pass Ihrough vast forests of valu.- '
ablo plue tlinber. The Nortbwcstern rond
wlll pass tlirough tbc flnest cotton-srgwfng
leglon of tbe South, nnd wlll rMclrto II e
lcna, Ark., wheie lt will rpijntct wilh tbo
Ivnnsas City nnd McliiphiJ road, and wlll
mako Mobile tho greafport of cxport and
intpurt for a Inrgo part ot tbo uorthwcst.
Tbo Unltcd Statcs govcrnmcnt la buslly cn
gaged 111 lmprnylnglic harbor of Mobile,
aud tbua rcndcilng It fully capable of
iilm.ln tlm (mimrtAnt vlwrl v!iti.i nit'nlts lt
iit au carly day. g
Tbo grcat watcr jouto wldch nature has , '
formed lelwccn tbo Mlsslaslppl nml tbei
Gulf nccda only n llttlo cfTurt and cxpcuso
to bccomo prnctlcnblo nt nll so.isons of tho
ycar. It 1 proposed to connect tbe Blg.
bco rlvcr wlth tbo TcnncsBco by a canal,
tcn mllcs long, 4ftim tho Tonibigbce to
Bear Creek ; an ciitcrprUo wblch would
cost only $009tQO0, nnd nn appropilatlon
fot whlcli hnaulieady becn asked of Con-
crcsa, lt la nlso pioposed to deepcn tbo
Cooso rlvcr nnd connect by n cnual wltlu
tbo Tcnuessee, nud the ilecpcnlng of tbo
formcr livcr bctwccn Mobile nnd llomo lt
altcady ln progtesa uuder tbe illiectlon of
au Incorporatod compafly, Tho project of
n thlp canal ucrosa thu 1'cninsula of Flori
dn is nleo urgcd, nud wlll doiibtlebs locclvrt
tlio nttentlnn ot llio generiii govcrnmenu
-1 ,