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MMMMMM,MMMMMwW,MBMBMMMWMBMMaMMBH IIIWM 1 l.3aPWWawWWMWBB HWi'lHWll Mill M Mfirf - A. A. EABLE, PUBLISHER. ISTo More Compromise witti Slavory. (TERMS, 81,25 IX ADVANCE. IRASBURGII, VERMONT, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 28, 1856. VOLUME 1. NUMBER 9, Citcrarn Selections. THE FIRST STEPS IN CEIME. The following sketch of a young man's career in crime is from Mr. Holbrook's book, Ten Tears Among the Mail Bags." The literary reputation of one of the oldest and most celebrated seats of learn ing in New England, was once tempora rily overshadowed by the 'eminence' that it attained in the eyes of all within a distance of fifty miles in every direction, who attempted to transmit valuable mat ter through the mails. The period dur ing which this state of things existed was in the months of January and February 1854. Throughout those months a fa tality attended all money-letters designed to pass through the place referred to ; the like of which has seldom been known in the history of the Post office. " As well might one have attempted to send a valuable letter across the Mael 1 Strom, as to get it safely past that fatal point. This point was like the lion's " cave in the fable, into which many tracks "entered, but from which none were seen "to return. And the lion whoever he was had an insatiable and 'discriminating appetite, for he consumed the supplies coming from three or four neighboring counties in the State, and like a feline Oliver Twist, continually 'asked for , more.' The effect of these numerous losses, of course, were confined to the vicinities of the sufferers, but were felt in remote por tions of the county. But the loss of money and the conse quent inconvenience, were not the onlv results following this wholesale robbery. Perhaps no series of mail depredations ever spread so widely the cloud of sus picion over those connected with the mail service. All the route agents, postmas ters, post office clerks, and mail messen ' gers, whose spheres of duty lay within the infected district ; all these officials felt the severity of the test of character, which existing circumstances applied. Such a state of things as that which we are de scribing, often serves as a thunder-shower to clear the moral atmosphere. - Half formed purposes of roguery, for the pre sent at least, are laid by ; those already guilty of speculation on a small scale, eease from their operations, all wait in breathless suspense for denountent of the drama ; and when the bolt fall-, and the "offender smitten down, they breathe more freely ; and such a catastrophe is not.un- Frequently the turning point in the life of some young man, who has Litherto been vacillating between good and evil. The arrest and punishment of another inspires him with salutary fear of similar results in his own case, should he venture like course. . And the effect of such occurrences upon those who have never turned aside from the path of rectitude, is no less de cided. , These are the times that ' try men's souls.' It is a hard thing for one to bear up for weeks and months under a load of suspicion, though conscious of innocence ; but this is astill harder task, if he has noth ing between the eyes of the public and his inward rottenness but the thin shell of a decent and false reputation. No man can know to its full extent the value of a good character, until he has been through some 'fiery trial,' in which noth ing but such a power could have saved from ruin. Yet those who, at the time of which I speak, were most firm in conscious integ rity, did not escape the stings of annoy ang suspicions, and significant insinua tions. ' ' Could it be a certain Route Agent?' asked an officious individual, perhaps quite too willing to start such a suspicion, the aforesaid agent having in pursuance of general instructions, denied him the privilege of the mail car. I saw him,' continued our virtuous friend, sporting a fine turn out only last Sunday, and they do say that he is rather fast for a joung man on so small a salary. It would notsurprise me much if they should il .i i uuu uiai me trouble is there.' Unfortunately for his theory, so well founded on the basisof a Sunday , turn out,' and ' they say,' the 'fast' young man could not nave tad access to one in s dozen of the lost packages. - This is a specimen of the endless sur mises and conjectures that were thrown out in the progress of the affair, much to the annoyance of postmaster's clerks, and other officials, whose honesty aided by the strenuous efforts of the special Agent to arrive at the truth, carried them thro' the ordeal triumphantly ; and left their accuserparticularly the man who could'nt r"ic in the mail car, rather chop fal len.'and possibly not a little disappointed. The banks within the infected district, suffered in the loss of drafts, &c, to the amount of at least two hundred thousand dollars, which scarcely a business man in either of the two or three cities within range of the prevailing disorder, escaped the vexations and often injurious conse quences of the depredation then going on, for the robber did not stop to select his booty. Indeed, he could not have done so, had he wished it, as the reader will hereafter see. An investigation of the case was ordered by the Department, and carried on with as much energy as prudence would per mit ; yet in the midst of it the robberies continued unchecked. Hereupon some of the bank officers grew very impatient, as the victim of depredations are apt to do, if they are not acquainted with every step that is taken in the delicate process of narrowing down the investigation. . When I had been on the train for near ly a week, one of these gentlemen an excellent financier, but by no means pro foundly versed in the mysteries of human nature in his imprudent zeal to find out tomething, took matters into his own hands, and came near spoiling all by alarming the robber, without detecting him. lie prepared a sort of decoy letter, as he called it, well filled with tissue pa per, about the size of bank notes, and his tempting package he addressed to cashier to whom several of the missing letters had been directed. This fell into the hands of the robber, but the experi ment was rendered harmless by the fact stated by himself after his arrest, that he never stopped to read or examine any letters, except to ascertain whether they contained money. It will never be known probably, how much good advice the crim inal lost when he committed this tissue of deception to the flames, for the worthy cashier, in his well-meant zeal, supplied the place of bank-notes in the decoy pack age with what he doubtless considered of more value, namely, a moral lecture to the delinquent, displaying in vivid colors the folly and wickedness of his course, and closing with the warning that if he took that letter, he surely would be de tected! .:, . ' ..: .. 1 The ingenuity and shrewdness of this device cannot be too much admired. The threat contained in the letter was so well calculated to throw the culprit off his guard, that if he read it he would no doubt have fallen an easy prey to such cunning machination : It was of course expected by the deviser of this scheme that the package would be preserved by the per son who stole it, in order to afford the evidence of crime ! The pieces of tissue paper could have easily hare been inden tified, and he would naturally preserve the accompanying document with as much care as Job was ready to show to the book which he wished his adversary to write Such interference as this, with an im portant investigation, is never warranted by any consideration whatever. The commander of an army who has laid all his plans for surprising an enemy, would feel under very slight obligations to any officious friend, who, in his impatience and ignorance of the cause intended. should alarm the foe by some hasty and ill-advised attack. Thus it is in the investigation to which we refer. Secresy is all important to the successful issue of the plans that may be devised ; and volunteer services, es- pecially from persons destitute of expe rieiice, are quite as likely to aid the crim inal as to assist those who are endeavor ing to detect him. This digression has been made princi pally for the sake of protesting against such interference as that above mention ed, and of inducing other to abstain from similar unwarrantable experiments Notwithstanding the unesiness of our amateur detective officer, and the re markable skill displayed by him (as he supposed) in that capacity, considerable progress had already been made by means much safer than those which he adopted, if not more lrgnious. There were but few points to which suspicion could be reasonably directed, as there were but few places where the stolen packages would have centered. Each of these points was closely watched A section of Tailroad, some thirty-five miles in length, over which most of the robbed mails must have passed, seemed, for a time, to satisfy the conditions of the problem to be solved, but this hypothesis was overturned by the fact thiU on one and the same night, packages were taken irom ine mails which had other on this rod, in opposite trains, on separate tracks and at a high rate of speed. The mail messengers employed to con vey the mails to and from the several railroad depots were carefully looked af ter, but all appeared right among them. As for post; offices, there were not more than two out of all affected by the nu merous losses, through which half a dozen of the lost letters would have passed. There was, however, one man who had not thus far been included in the investi gation, chiefly: because in- the discharge of his ordinary duties as baggage-master, at a central station or junction where mail-carriers were provided by the rail road companies, he was not supposed to have -tfta a temporary charge of any of the mails. But while watching one of the mail-carriers on a certain evening, as he was conveying a number of mails from a city post office to the cars, the Agent ob served him placing them in charge of the aforesaid baggage-master, prior to the ar rival of the train by which they were to be fowarded. After they had thus been committed to his custody, he was seen to throw them carelessly into his baggage-room, and en ter the room, closing the door behind him. After a lapse of several minutes, he came out, piled the bags upon a barrow or baggage-truck, and Wheeled them to a point upon the platform, opposite which the ap proaching train was; to stop. The un necessary operation of placing the bags in the room when the train was nearly or quite due, was a very suspicious circum stance, when taken in connection with other movements. The Postmaster of a neighboring city was requested to be present at the opening of the mail, to see whether certain letter packages arrived which were known to'have been in the through mail pouch for his office that evening. ' The reply was, opened mail myself, no letters for this delivery. An hour and a half had now passed 6ince the train had left, and if the mails had been rifled in the baggage-room, suf ficient time had been afforded the robber to have concealed or destroyed the direct proof of his guilt upon this occasion. Hence no open action 'was then taken in view of the discoveries made. . Besides, there was too much .at stake to warrant the incurring of any risk on the strength of these facts. The following evening the movements of the suspected person were again watched the Agent haying a better knowledge re specting the exact nature and value of a portion of the mail bags which were to be forwarded at that time. Upon this occasion, the train was ' on time' and the carrier a little later than usual, so the mails were placed directly upon the barrow, and wheeled by the baggage-master to an obscure part of the depot, more remote from observation and less in the way of passers, than where they were carried the previous night. After remaining there a short time, he rolled the truck and its valuable load back to the usual spot, in readine. s for the train. - . ; . .o- ' . The strange manoeuvre indicated still another and colder operation, but the probability were that he had been foiled in any attempt he might have designed to make by a person whom I saw follow ing him into his dark retreat to make application for baggage, as I supposed for they both entered the baggage room ana soon came out, tne stranger witn a valise in his hand. The contre temps excited in my mind no very amiable feel ings towards its innocent cause, for I had concluded to bring the affair to a crisis at once, should the telegraph report any thing missing from the mails. But the dispatch received that evening, was All right,' which confirmed my beleif that my plans and those of the baggage master had been frustrated by the stranger. Another train from the opposite direc tion, and bringing mails for delivery at this point, were due at a late hour, and as there had also been losses from these mails, I decided to wait and see what usage they received on their arrival, which owing to heavy snowdrifts some where on the road, was delayed till near midnight. " ' "When the train came in, and the bag gage was disposed of the mails were all carried to the baggage room instead of the post office, and after putting out the gas lights about the depot, the faithful baggage master returned to his apart ments. ' . : -" - n 'Through a small swinging window de singed for ventilation, opening into his room near the top I could see a faint light, and from its unsteady motions, which showed that the lamp from which it proceeded was in the hand of some one moving it in various directions J concluded the occupant of the room was rifling the mails. This was an exciting moment My first impulse was to proceed at once to the door, demand admittance, and charge him on the spot with the crime of which I suspected him. But a slight distrust of j my physical ability to cope with him sin gle handed in case of resistance, which would almost certainly follow if my sus picions were correct; and the lateness of the hour rendering improbable that I could obtain and should it be necessary ; these considerations prevented me from carrying out my first intentions, and when the unconscious object of my scrutiny put out his light and left th v depot, I went in an opposite direction to my quarters, de termined, however, to give him but one more chance to continue his depreda tions. The next night he robbed his last mail bag. Obtaining an interview with the Superintendent of the railroad, I for the first time laid the facts before him, for the purpose of securing some assistance in the prosecution of my plans which he only could render. I wished him to pro vide a place of concealment in that re tired part of the depot where the mails had been taken on the preceding evening; and as empty cars were frequently left standing over night upon some of the un occupied tracks, it was arranged to leave a car near the place mentioned for my exclusive occupancy. From the ' loop hole' of this retreat I could determine with some accuracy the nature of such mysterious movements as I had before witnessed in that vicinity. Lest the baggage room should be cho sen this time as the scene of operation, a discreet friend was stationed near that point about the time the mails were biought over from the office, in order to ' head off' the suspected functionary. For the purpose of allowing as much time as possible, the conductor of the train which was to take that mail had been telegraphed to ' come in a little be hind time.' - Certain money packages had been pre pared, and everything being in readiness, I took my post of observation in the emp ty car just before the mails came from the post office. I had not long been sta tioned, before I heard the familiar sound of the baggage truck, and in a' moment more the baggage master appeared, trun dling along his load of mails, and coming to a stand upon the platform within fif teen feet of my watchful eye. That eye saw rapid work for a few mo ments ! Hasty passes of the right hand between the mouth of one of the mail bags (as it appeared in the dim light to be) and the rapacious pockets of the sack overcoat, showing clearly for what pur pose the mails had been thus taken out of the way, and the well known click of a mail lock informed me that the opera tion was concluded, and that the moment had arrived for action on my part. I think a railroad car was never emp tied of its contents in a much less time than on the present occasion. And my very informal introduction to the whole sale dealer in the original packages was about as sudden. In fact, he had hardly set down his barrow, after removing it a few yards to its original position, before I was addressing him. In the midst of the rifling process just described, I had seen him open the door of a small apartment near him, a light shining for a moment while the door was open. And it ocvurred to me that an accomplice might be secreted there lor the purpose of receiving the stolen poper ty. Accordingly I remarked that I would like to have him accompany me for a mo ment into his room on private business, to which he readily assented, neither knowing me nor having any suspicion of the nature of my business, for otherwise he might not have so cheerfully complied with my request. On openiug the door I discovered a person within who appeared to be wholly unoccupied except in smoking a cigar. Thinking it probable that he was in some way connected with the robberies, I con sidered it prudent to obtain assistance be fore making known the object of this in terview, and accordingly spoke to three or four persons who had been attracted to the place by the unwonted movements, requesting one of them to call one of the police officers, some of whom were gen erally in the vicinity of the railroad sta tion. During this delay, and in order to pre vent any attempt to escape, I put a series of questions to the baggage master, calcu lated to allay the suspicion which began to be strongly indicated by his looks. Did you,' I inquired, find, in thismorn- ing's train from II , a pocket-book lost there by a passenger ? If we can re cover the papers, the money is less of an object.' This seemed to relieve him consider ably, and he replied in a cheerful tone. I have found no such thing. It isn't my business to see through the trains, but this man's,' pointing to the other person present. 'Ah, it's my mistake. Did you see anything of a pocket-book,' I asked, turning to the other person indicated. ' No,' was the answer ; ' have you lost such an article ? I was relieved from the difficulty of this question by a rap on the door from the Chief of"Police, -who was the man of all others I wished to see. As he entered, I intimated to him in whisper what was on foot, and then turn ing to the baggage master, without any preamble or formality, I requested him to hand me the mail-key which he had in his possession. ' I haven't any mail-key,' was the dull response. ' Very well, then,' said I, ' we shall have to search you.' He turned pale, and remarked, with as sumed carelessness, ' I suppose I know what you want.' One of the side pockets of his overcoat appeared somewhat distended, I com menced my investigation with that. The first article that appeared was the large package of letters made up that evening for delivery at the neighboring city, be fore alluded to, and the next dive brought to light heavy distribution packages for the same office. Several other packages of less size were afterwards drawn forth. After the search had been completed, the culprit was handcuffed and lodged in jail within half an hour from the time when he committed this depreda tion. After we had dispatched this part of the business, we turned our attention to the companion of the unfortunate baggage master, who had been observing our pro ceedings with the utmost equanimity, tho' not without interest. ' That's rather hard on Ed,' said he, as the door closed on the culprit. ' Yes, replied I, ' it is. But I believe we must search you, for I think you are concerned in this affair. ' I never was searched in my life,' said he smilingly, ' excepting when I searched my own pockets, and then I never found much. Perhaps you'll have better luck ; at any rate it won't hurt me to have it tried,' and thus saying he laid aside his cigar, and presented himself to undergo the ordeal. But nothing was found that could implicate him in any way I then expressed a fear that he might still be an accomplice, as I noticed the baggage master open and shut the door of the little room, while rifling the mails that night. An honest laugh followed this remark, and an explanation was given me, which satisfactorily accounted for the suspicious circumstance. It seems that his dishonest companion, fearing that he might come out of the room, and detect him in the act, had opened the door, telling him that he would have to be locked in till the train ar rived, and turned the key on the outside. Tliis passed for a joke, and the imprisoned person thought little of it, as he would have no occasion to leave the room until the train arrived, when it would be his duty to inspect the cars. It also appeared that this locking up trick had been played several times previously, no doubt for a similar pur pose. Thus was an honest man subject to sus picion, by circumstances beyond his con trol. A satisfactory explanation of this, however, was not beyond his power, and his experience goes to increase the array of testimony, to show the inestimable val ue of a clear conscience in all exigien ciea whatever. The key of a private desk in the bag gage room was taken from the robber, and in this desk was found about $10,000 in bank drafts, check?, &c, and more than a hundred rifled letters, which, as their postmark showed, must have been the proceeds of one or two nights' robbery. Everthing taken from the mails except money, had been committed to the flames, as the criminal himself afterwards con fessed. A large portion of the available funds which he had accumulated was re covered, and restored to the rightful owners. In less than a week from this time, he was tried and sentenced to the State Prison for the term of twenty-seven years. The discoveries here detailed give rise to great surprise and exclamation among all whoknew the guilty individual, for he had sustained a good reputation for so briety, honesty aud industry. His innocent family received the wafm-1 est sympathy of the entire community, which indeed they deserved, for the cul prit's wife was a sincere christian wo man ; a living exemplification of the religion by which the professed to be guided. Some of the interviews at the prison between her husband, children and her self, were painful to behold ; yet, after the first terrible shock (and how terrible it was can be realized by those only who have seen a beloved one suddenly meta morphosed from a fancied angel into a fallen spirit,) she became more resigned to the overpowering calamity whkn had overtaken her and her children. She had no reproaches for her sinning husband, nor did she allude in his pres ence to the sufferings which he had bro't upon his innocent family ; but her aim seemed to be to induce him by means of his bitter experience, to begin a new and Christian life. One day when I called to see the pris oner, in company with a gentleman who was anxious to learn the fate of a pack age of papers he had lost, we found the afflicted woman sitting by her husband one arm thrown lovingly around his neck, and an open Bible lying on her lap. We apologized to her for the interruption. She looked up mournfully, a tear stealing down her wan cheek as she said, . ' It's no matter. I was only reading to poor Edward.' Then looking at him fondly, she continued, ' He has been a kind, good husband and father, and he hadn't any bad habits or companions that I knew of ; and I have often thought that if he only had religioa Le would be per fect And if this trial, bad as it is, will only make him a Christian, it will be all I shall ask. Meanwhile, her two little children were thoughtlessly playing about the door of the cell, unconscious of the ruin which had been wrought in the hearts and pros pects of their wretched parents. The youngest one while we were there, tried to play ' bo-peep' with its father, but was immediately checked by the poor mother, who cried out in an agonizing voice, ' Oh Eddie, don't ! Ever since her husband was sent to prison, this devoted wife has visited him twice a month (having been furnished with a free pass by the officers of the railroad, which passed near the prison), and to judge of the report of those who have an op portunity of observing every day, the prisoner has commenced a Chris tian life, to which the prayers of Lis lov ing wife were designed to lead him. Nothing can be said that would add to the force of the lesson contained in the facts here narrated. If a life-time of im prisonment, and the blighting of the hopes and happ'mi'ss of loved ones, do not show with sufficient impressiveness the result of crime, imagination will in vain attempt to supply the deficiency. I append a letter received by me from the criminal, some time after his commit tal to the State Prison : W , Ju'y 1, 18o4. Kind friend For I must consider you as such, because through your instrumen tality I have been saved, jerbaps from a worse fate than has befallen me. I tliink through this, I have been taught to see what a sinner I am. I am truly penitent for this crime, as well as my disobedience to the just laws of God. I meau through the help of Almighty power to serve my Creator the remaining years of my life. It is strange how I was tempted to do that crime. I never was Inclined to do evil or to keep bad company. In fact 1 kept no company hardly, except that of my wife and little ones. Oh, how my heart throbs to break loose aad join them ! Look upon yours as you cim in freedom and think of me. It almost suffocates me to call them before me in my mind. Oh, horrors ! little did I think such a fate would befall me ! I cannot tell why I did it, more than this to pay roy debts. How they did trouble me how should I ever ay theru? But this was not the way to cancel them. I do not love money not at alL I never deairod to be rich, only to be square with the world. I became indebted bv extravagance and pride. I would tell you a little story of my life, if I could. My connections exw-pt my father are pious people. My mother was a good Christian, and dil in the hoje of Heaven. She called me to her bed side about two months before Ler death. That was the last time I saw her alive ; and when oho parted with me. the clasped me to her boom with these words "My Son, oby Gl and m f um in Heaven But this is too painful. 1 cannot write of this. You can imagine my feelings at this time. Btit the evil tempter has left me now, and I pray to God, never to re turn. Do warn others of my sad fate, to shun the road to ruin. Will you not call and see tne some time? Don't despise the thief Christ did not Many thanks to your kind heart. Also please thank the Government Attorney and the Postmaster of II and N II May God watch over and pre serve you all. " Your unworthy servant, E. A. S. TTEXTCO. "Who shall describe Mexico the Mex ico of that age? It ought to be one who had seen all the wonders of the world ; and he should have for an audience those who had dwelt in Venice and Constanti nople, who had looked down upon Gran ada from the Alhambra, and who had studied all that "remained to be seen of the hundred-gated Thebes, of Babylon, and Nineveh. The especial attributes of the most beautiful cities in the world were here conjoined ; and that which was the sole boast of many a world-renowned name, formed but one of the charms of this enchantress among ckies Well might the rude Spanish soldier find no parallel but in the imaginations of his favorite romance. Like Granada, encir cled, but not frowned upon, by moun tains ; fondled and adorned by watery like Venice ; as grand in its building as Babylon of old, and rich with gardens, like Damascus the gn at city of Mexico was at that time the fairest in the world, and has never since been equaled. Like some rare woman, of choicest parentage, the descendant of two royal houses far apart, who joins the soft, subtle, graceful beauty of the south, to the fair, blue eyed, blushing beauty of the north, and sits enthroned in tho hearts of all be holders so sat Mexico upon the waters, with a diadem of gleaming towers, a fair expanse of flowery meadows on her breast, a circle of mountains as her zone ; and, not unwoman-like, rejoicing in Hie reflection of her beautiful self from the innumerable mirrors which were framed by her streets, her courts, her palaces, and her temples. Sjxiniih Conquests in America. CsTA wag meeting a very homely man, thus addressed him "My dear friend, you ought to take saffron." u For what?" inquired the latter. "To keep the ugliness out, for if it ever strikes in it will surely kill you.'' C Chesterfield, having been inform ed by his physician that he was dying by inches, congratulated himself that he was not so tall by a foot as Sir Thoma. Kob inson. Cyilere are two faces under one hat," as the young lady remarked when her lover wa3 kissing her. 6 An incorrigible wag, who lent a minister a horse, which ran away an I threw his clerical rider, thought he should have some credit for his aid in spreading the gospel ! CJTA Cincinnati paper contains ai advertisement of bonnets and petticoat for young men's wear, to correspond with the shawls so generally w orn. 62 The fifth vo'ume of Maeaulav'-i History of England has passed into the hands of the printer. 6" He submits him-elf to be wn through a microscope, whosufl'ers himself to caught in a passion. 6iT It better to go round a stream than to drown in crossing. 63 The best work a mother can do is to take care of her children. 53 Tis but a little, narrow soul, w hieU earthly things can please. In California they call a livery stable a "horse restaurant' Unjopu!ar Quarrelsome wotnrn, rainy day, and thote dirty-faced boys who are continually boring you about that little bill you owe Mr. Grip. 6ST O'a uwther " aid a little child, fc Mr. S. does love aunt Lucy ; he its by her, he whispew to her and he hug her. "Why Edward, your aunt doci jnot iuffer tlmt, does the-' i i-' mother, it? !!!-- ir," S:lff invr ;t ;