Washington standard. [volume], November 19, 1880, Image 3

About Washington standard. [volume] (Olympia, Wash. Territory) 1860-1921

Image provided by: Washington State Library; Olympia, WA

                
Personal
Mrs. Oliphant is to write '■ The Life
of her Majesty the t.' icen."
Swinburne's forthcoming volume of
poems is called " studies iu Song."
A young married couple are " fresh
men'' iu the Wesleyan i'uivi-rsity, Conn.
Jljbort Toombs of Georgia intends to
build n cotton factory worth .*2o,Out) at
Washington in that State.
Wilson Macdonald has finished his
model of the bast of General Hancock.
The work is of heroic sine, und is called
an excellent likeness.
" Peter Cooper'' is the name signed
to a petition asking hi 3 son, Mayor
Cooper, to employ actively all Lis large
power in suppressing tho sale of lottery
tickets iu New- York city.
Ji >bert Drowning ar.d his sister have
been tuking tramps on foot in the
mountains near Grenoble, Prance, und
have been gicatly benefited by them,
while living in a little house at Lons.
Col. Jerome Llonaparte anil his wife,
who have usually spent their winters
in Paris will pass the coming season in
Washington. Their daughter will be
near them at the Visitation Convent in
Georgetown.
.Simmons, American sculptor, resid
ing in Home, Italy, is to execute the
statue of the late Senator Morton, of
Indiana for -*20,000, The senator will
bo represented as speaking, with his
right Laud extended in gesture.
The English admirers of Kirke White,
the poet, have collected CWO toward
erecting a memorial cross at Cambridge,
England, where he is buried. Tho
cross will cost 1000, and a; peal is made
to America for further subscriptions,
Ex-Senator Cameron of Pennsylvania,
now eiglity-oneyeursold, has presented
to a Lutheran congregation in that
State a house nnd land for u parsonage,
as a memorial of his wife. The house
stands on the spot on which Mr. Cam
eron was horn.
A writer in Leeds, Eng., says that al
though tho plate on Miss Neilson's cof
lin was inscribed " Lillian Adelaide Lee
Neilson,'' her aame was neither Lillian
nor Adelaide nor Neilson (slip had been
the wife of Phillip Lee), but that her
real name was Elizabeth Ann Drown,
Mr. Mussou thinks it a singular fact
that Miltnu began writing hia famous
treatiso on the " Doctrine and Disci
pline of Divorce,"before hisjhoncymoon
Lad expired. The explanation is that
poets live faster than ordinary mortals
and do not require so much time to
reach a conclusion.
Stauley, the African explorer, was
seen recently by the captain of the Por
tuguese steamer which belongs to tho
CoanzaCompany. Lie was then ut No
ki, which is on the Congo river, about
two hours' sail from Dibi, Stanley's
headquarters. Mr. Stanley told the
captain that his object Was not com
merce, but to open a path for future
traders.
Janus Stevens, the man who founded
Feniunisin, was found in New York the
Other day destitute and starving. At
one time ho was a person of grout im
portance, and was looked up to and ul-
J most revered by thousands of Irishmen
in ull parts of the world. His efforts
in behalf of bis native land caused the
British government to offer a reward of
$25,000 for him.
Herbert Spencer, the Euglish phil
osopher, is sixty years old. Having
been privately educated, he was r.t tlrst
a civil engineer. His forehead is high,
and ho is quite bald. His face is long,
and although his features are not small,
he has un unpractical und utmost effem
inate appearance. His portraits repre
sent him as resting his head uguinst his
hand, in the Washington Irving style.
Why He Was in the Penitentiary.
An important caso was tried beforo
the Criminal Court of the District of
Columbiu. An old colored man was on
the witness-stand. The District Attor
ney interrogated the witness:
'• What is your name ? "
"John Williams, sab."
"Are you the John Williams who
was sent to the Albany State Peniten
tiary for larceny ? "
" No, sab —not this John."
"Are you tbo John Williams who
was convicted of arson, and sent to the
Baltimore l'enitontiury V "
" No, sub."
Tired of asking fruitless questions,
the District Attorney suddenly put a
leading one.
" Have yon ever been in the peniten
tiary ? "
" Yes, sab."
All eyes were now turnod upon the
witness. Tbo Distriot Attorney smiled
complacently and resumed:
" How many times have you boon in
the penitentiary V "
>" Twice, sab."
«'Where V"
" In Baltimoro, sab."
" How long were yon there the first
time ? "
" About two Lours, sab."
" llow long tbo second timeV" asked
the attorney, rather crestfallen.
"An Lour, sab. I went tbero to
whitewash a coll for a lawyer who had
robbed his client."
Tho attorney sat down umid the
luughter of the spectators.
ECUENIE'SFOKTUNE.— NapoIean lll.'s
widow derives her revenuo from three
sources - the product of savings and
speculations, the insurance on the Em
peror's lifo, and tlie reul estate which
the Empress bought iu her own namo
when sho was on tho throne. Who
owns estates in Spain, Switzerland und
HiiDgary. The Hungarian property
was acquired in tho present year, und
is adjacent to the domain of Count
Zichy. Under her sou's will the Em
press acquires proportion near Trieste
und in Tuscany, as well as houses und
grounds in Toulouse.
■- "♦ ♦ •
The average attendance at the South
Carolina public schools during the last
three years has been 52,977 white, and
69,722 colored pqpils, as against 33,-
782 whites, and 11,091 colored chil
dren for the preceding eight years.
This is an encouraging growth of in-
A terest in education, as everybody must
admit.
\\ hat Women are Doing.
! Two of the best steel eigravers in
this country are women, one living in
New York und one ut Columbus, O.
' At the commencement exercises of
the I uiversity of California the highest
honors wore carried oil by two young
, ladies.
The President of tue Hoard of Immi
gration for the Territory of Wyoming
is Mrs. A. H. Stewart, who holds her
: commission from the Governor.
The official reporter of the courts of
' Washington, 0., is a woman. This is
the lirst case of a lady's being appointed
to such an office in the State.
The niece of tho late President of the
Iloyal Academy is rapidly completing
' some groups in Carrara marble for the
new Cathedral in Edinburgh.
There were 1,0-*1 exhibitors in the
Paris Salon this year, and the number
lias steadily increased. The quality of
their Work is ulso mucn improved.
It was a woman, Mrs. John C. Green,
who gave .*IOO,OOO to the American
Sunday School I'niou, to be used in
i developing u higher order of Sunday
; school literature.
The Princess of Wales will lay the
foundation stone in October, of a hos
pitul for gentlewomen in reduced cir
cumstances, irrespective of their social
position or work.
Miss Longfellow has been placed in
charge of tho library at Mount Vernon
by the association of ladies who control
the home of Washington. The library
is called the Massachusetts room.
Among the Nihilist prisoners con
demned at the late trial in St. Peters
burg were four women. Their hus
bands had already been exiled to Si
beria. and they took this means of fol
lowing them.
There are more than three millions
of women in England and Wales trying
to earn a living in the vurious trades
and industries. Their wages are so
low that a society lias been organized to
raiso them.
A lady of leisuro and means in lowa
has received the appointment of notary
public and pension agent, in order to
give her services to poor women who
cannot utl'ord to pay for them. She
writes bills, collects claims and assists
them iu other ways.
Miss Helen Gladstone, the daughter
of the Premier, is one of the most suc
cessful candidates in this year's class
list of Cambridge University examina
tions. It is not generally known that
women have for several years been ad
mitted to most of the lecture courses at
Cambridge, while other courses are re
peated for their beuelil. This old and
conservative English University thus
showß itself fur more progressive than
our Harvard, to say nothing of Colum
bia and Yule,
Pope's Industry.
Some remarkable works of genius
have been accomplished by men who
wore continued invalids. One of these
working invalids was Alexander Pope,
whose lifo was one long disease, llis
intellectual energy was wonderful.
Johnston gives a painful account of
his physical defects, on the authority
of an old servant of Lord Oxford, who
frequently saw him iu his later years.
He was so weak us to bo unable to
rise to dress himself without help.
He was so sensitive to cold that ho
had to wear a kind of fur doublet un
der a coarse linen shirt. One of his
sides was contracted, and ho could
scarcely stand upright till lie was laced
into a bodice made of still' canvass.
Ilis legs were so slender that he had
to wear three pairs of stockings, which
he was unable to draw on und off with
out help. His seat hud to be raised to
briDg bim to a level with common ta
bles. In one of bis papers in the
Guardian ho describes himself appar
ently as Dick Distich:
" A lively little creature, with long
legs and arms; a spider is no ill emblem
of bim; bo has been taken at a distance
for a small wind-mill." "His face,"
says Johnston, " was not displeasing,
and the portraits are eminently char
acteristic."
The thin drawn features wear the
expression of habitual pain, but are
brightened up by the vivid and pen
et rating eye, which soems to be the
characteristic poetical beauty.
It was, after all, a gallant spirit
which got so much work out of this
crazy caicass, and kept it going, spite
of all its feebleness, for fifty-six years.
The servant whom Johnston qnotes
said that she was called from her bed
four times in ono night, " in tbo dread
ful winter of "TO," to supply bim with
paper, lest he should lose a thought.
llis constitution was ulready break
ing down, bat the intellect was still
striving to savo every moment allowed
to bim.
His friends laughed at bis habit of
scribbling upon odd bits of paper.
" Paper-sparing " Popo is the epithet
bestowed upon him by Swift, and a
great part of the Iliad is written on tbo
backs of letters.
The babit seems to have been re
garded as illustrative of his economical
habits; but it was ulso natural to a man
who was on the watch to turn every
fragment of time to account.
It anything was to be finished, be
must snatch at the brief intervals al
lowed by bis many inhrmities.
Naturally, be foil into many of tho
self-indulgent and troublesome ways of
the valetudinarian.
Ho was constantly wanting coffee,
which seema to have soothed bis head
aches; und for this and his other wants
he used to weur out the servants in his
friends' houses by " frequent and friv
olous errunds."
Yet bo was apparently a kind mas
ter. His servants lived with bim till
they became frionds, and be took care
to pay BO well the nnfortunate ser
vant whose sleep was broken by bis
calls that she said she would want no
wages in a fumily where she bod to
wait upon Mr. Pope.
Half a dozen New York loafers Lave
lately been shot by the police, and the
beneficial effects are being felt the
whole length of the island.
Apprentice Schools.
Boys now-a-days Bcarcely know
what being an apprentice means, al
though it was formerly the great event
of most boys' lives. This was the case
not merely with those who learned
trades. All the vocations and profes
sions had their apprentices. Knights
had their pages; physicians and law
yers took their apprentices; and almost
every man who understood a vocation,
had some boy with him to whom he was
imparting it.
Business was then conducted upon a
very small scale. A man would be a
loadside blacksmith for fifty years, and
never have any other assistance than
that of two cr three apprentices, who
would come to him ut the age of
fourteen, serve him until they were
twenty-one, and then give place to
others.
In large towns, like Philadelphia
and Boston, a mechanic who kept two
or three journeymen, was thought to
be a very thriving person indeed; and,
us we see from Franklin's bequest to
the city of Boston, a mechanic could
set up in business upon two hundred
dollars capital.
In those days, going apprentice was
an event to which boys looked forwuid
foryears. It was like changing parents;
for the apprentice used to live in his
employer's family, and was under his
government and control. The boy en
tered into a solemn covenant with him.
Here is a part of an indenture of tho
last century, such a one as young Ben.
Franklin signed in 1718 :
"The said apprentice, his master
faithfully shall serve, his secrets keep,
his lawful commands everywhere gladly
do. He shall do no damage to his said
master, nor see it to be done of others,
but to his power shall let (prevent),
er forthwith give notice to his said
master of the same.
"The goods of Lis said master bo shall
not waste, nor the samo without license
of him to any give or lend. Hurt to his
said master ho shall not do, cause, nor
procure to be done. lie shall neither
buy nor sell without his master's li
cense. Taverns, inns, or ale houses he
shall not haunt. At cards, dice,
tables, or any other unlawful game, ho
shall not play. Matrimony he shall
not contract; nor from the service of
his suid master day nor night absent
himself."
The employer, thereforo, was both
master and father. This absolute
power was frequently übused.
The tirst two years of the boy's ap
prenticeship he was in many cases ser
vant of all work. He blackened his
muster's boots, fed his pigs, turned the
grindstone, drove tho cows, and, us Sir
Walter Scott reports of Scotland, was
liable in some strict families " to spend
half iho time across his mistress' knee."
Tho hours of labor then wero from
sunrise to sunset in the summer, and
from sunrise to nino o'clock in the
evening in tho winter.
The wages of an apprentico wero
übout sufficient to buy the material for
his clothes; and if he had sixpence a
week over, he wa3 a lucky boy.
Usually, however, he did succeed in
learning his trade. His master had
time to teach him, and it was to his
master's interest that he should become
a competent workman as soon as possi
ble.
But all this Las passed. The steam
engine has changed everything. The
master, what is he now ? Where is he ?
He is a capitalist, a director, a presi
dent of a company. He may never see
his workmen, if indeed he ever enters
his factory.
Nor is there any one else to teach ap
prentices, for each foreman has in
charge a large roomful of men and
machinery, and cannot spare from his
exacting and ceaseless duties, much
time for instructing an ignorant boy.
Hence, it has become a matter of ex
treme difficulty for a boy in the United
States, England, Germany or France,
to become really skillful in any trade,
Too many boys, it is impossible. *
To meet this difficulty, which in
creases every year, apprentice schools
have been established in Europe, to
which boys are regularly bound, as of
old, and at which they acquire a trade
and an education at the same time.
Some large private establishments in
Franoo maintain such a school for the
express purpose of training the super
ior workmen whom they need, and
must have.
During the first year, the young ap
prentice spends about half the working
day in the shops, and two hours in
school. When is older, and has served
three years, he works seven and a half
hours in the shops, and three hours
in the school-room.
English manufacturers are becoming
awake to the necessity of rearing
workmen who can compete with the
skilled artisans of France and Ger
many. We, too, are following slowly
in the same course.
It has been lately suggested that
part of the huge bequest of Stephen
Girard should be expended in found
ing apprentice schools of this kind,
which would carry out the will of the
donor more effectually than has hither
to been found possible. The trustees
have more income than they know
what to do with, and in this way their
surplus could be advantageously ex
pended.
The army may hud occupation in
the oil regions. There seems to be an
opening there for artillery—at least
artillery is required sometimes to
make an opening. Lightning has a pecu
liar fancy for operating in oil, and like
most green speculators it gets its fingers
burned, llecently a tank was set fire to
by lightning and was prevented from
becoming a total loss in a novel way.
A blacksmith suggested that a hole be
opened near the base of the tank and
the bulk of the burning fiuid drawn
off. This was done by firing a sledge
hammer at the tank from an old can
non, thus opening a large hole through
which a great portion of the oil was
drawn off and saved. The United
l'ipe Line have puachased several
cannons and 130 round of ammunition,
and the next tank that catches fire they,
will, to use a slang term, " shoot it."
—Detroit Presg.
It is dillicult to become familiar with
the wheels of a watch, so many of them
travel itcog,
The Descendants of Pirates
For 6ome time the eyes of the people
of Europe, and even of the world, have
been turned with anxiety upon Dul
eigno. The following description and
history will bo read with interest now:
The town of Dulcigno, which the
Albanians were ordered by the Powers
of Europe to give up to the plucky lit
tle Montenegro, lies on the Turkish
side of the Adriatic Sea, at a point op
posite Rome and Naples, midway be
tween each. It is called in that quar
ter of the earth Dool-cfoen-yo. About
8,000 people live there, and are the
effete descendants of the most formi
dable band of pirates that ever existed.
It is a vory old town, as everything in
that region is old beyond our Western
meaning of the word. One hundred
and sixty-seven years before Christ
the city surrendered to the Romans,
and received exemption from taxation
and its freedom. From 1,503 to 1,600
pirates held full sway, and in 1718 a
great battle was lost there by the Veni
tians. In the seventeenth century
Dulcigno became temporarily as noted
as Jerusalem on account of the success
ful assumptions of an impostor named
Sabbstai, who proclaimed himself the
Messiah. Converts to Sabbatai were
numbered by thousands in every part
of Europe. His face was handsome,
and his conduct austere and becoming
to the part he played. He was deeply
versed in the Talmud, and able, through
his fine education and general earnest
ness of demeanor, to impose upon all
who camo under his influence. As his
fame increased his responsibilities
widened, and it became necessary that
he should depose the Sultan, the enemy
of Christianity. He therefore set out
for Constantinople to confound the
Turk with his anathema. Owing to the
moral power which he had acquired,
this expedition was not so crazy an af
fair us might be imagined. However,
the Sultan met him with craft, tempo
rized, and finally got him in his power.
Under threat of execution the impostor
renounced his claims and became a
convert to the Mussulman's faith. He
was then banished to Dnlcigno, wkere,
such is the power of faith, his former
disciples refused to accept the fact of
his apostasy in any other light than as
a divinely inspired means of bringing
Islam to his feet. The religion of Sab
batai of Dulcigno continued to thrive
until his death, and his tomb became a
shrine for fanatical pilgrims from Ger
many and France.
The harbor of old Dnlcigno is one of
the oldest on the Adriatic, and the best
that exists on that harborlcss coast be
tween the southern point of Dalmntiq
and the mouth of the I)rin. The ha
ven is a sure safeguard from the south
wind—the fierce sirocco, but is exposed
on its northern side. When the pirates
were captured, in the sixteenth century,
this harbor was the scene of the con
flagration of 500 of their Bbips, a lustra
tion that at one blow forever purged
the whole Adriatic Sea. In 1878 tbe
Montenegrins took Duicigno by storm,
most of the Turkish garrison having
previously got away by sea. Austria,
nowever, at the Berlin Congress, ob
jected to its retention by Montenegro.
Austria is chagrined by the present
cession of Duicigno to Montenegro.
Tbe little country of hereditary fighters
is an unwelcome neighbor, and its lia
bility to also want Scutari in the near
future disturbs the Austrians. The
Dalmation tongue of land whioh Aus
tria is compelled to guard so jealousy
is at all times open to the forays of the
Montenegrins, and the stronger they
become, the greater the danger to
Austria.
The Montenegrins, intrenohed in
their mountain fastnesses, can, never be
extirpated by their enemies. Their
position is as impregnable as was the
retreat of Captain Jaok in the lava beds.
There is a vitality in the race which
would seem to prophesy great possi
bilities should they ever d rift into the
Roman role of conquest. • *
——— - ♦ » .
Incident of the Rebellion.
A battery of the First Artillery halted
one night during the Seven Days'
Fight in a little olearing. The mea lay
down, unhitching their horses, but
leaving them in harness. The First
Seargeant, now an honored officer of
the Third Artillery, told me he got up
and walked toward one side of the
clearing. He was halted and turned
back by a sentinel. Going to the other
side, he was again challenged.
" Who comes thar?"
The voice struck him. He replied,
"Friend;" and said, "What regiment
is that ?"
The answer came, "Seventh Ala
bama."
"What regiment is that on the other
side?"
" Fifth Georgia," replied the sentinel.
" What battery is that ?"
Here was a situation. The sergeant
naturally didn't know the name of the
battery in the rebel army. Hesitation
would have been fatal. By a luoky
inspiration he replied: "One of
Stuart's batteries," knowing that Jeb
Stuart commanded their cavalry.
" Oh," said the other, " then you's a
hoss battery ?"
" Yes," said C . " Good night."
He immediately woke the captain,
who rather angrily said, " What the
deuce is the matter now ?"
" Excuse me, Captain," said the
sergeant," "but we are camped be
tween a Georgia and an Alabama
regiment."
It is needless to say the Captain got
up. Horses were hitched in quietly,
and the battery withdrew from between
the sleeping regiments, who never knew
of the prize that was within their
grasp.
J. Lloyd Haigh, the stylish New
York forger, who recently got four
years in Sing Sing for what a poor man
woald have received ten, wanted a
" gentleman's place " in the prison.
He accordingly bribed an official with
§3OO and was transferred from the
foundry to the library, while the frail,
sickly convict who had been in attend
ance on the books was sent to Haigh's
low place. The check was traced and
the bribery proven. Mr. Haigh will
obtain his former solid situation in the
foundry, and the official will lose his
offioial head. How is that for Haigh ?
Hints on Calling.
Do not stare around the room.
Do not take a dog or small child.
Do not linger at the dinner hour.
Do not lay aside the bonnet at a
formal call.
Do not fidget with your cane, hat or
parasol.
Do not make a call of ceremony on a
wet day.
Do not turn your back to one seated
near you.
Do not touch the piano unless in
vited to do so.
Do not handle ornaments or furni
ture in the room.
Do not make a display of consulting
your watch.
Do not go to the room of an invalid,
unless invited.
Do not remove tho glove when
making a formal call.
Do not continue to stay any longer
when conversation begins to lag.
Do not remain when you find the
lady on the point of going out.
Do not make tho first call if you are
a new comer in the neighborhood.
Do not open or shut doors or win
dows or after the arrangements of the
room.
Do not enter a room without first
knocking and receiving an invitation to
come in.
Do not resume your seat after having
arisen to go unless for important rea
sons.
Do not walk around the room ex
amining pictures, while waiting for the
hostess.
Do not introduce politics, religion,
or weighty topics for conversation,
when making calls.
Do not prolong the call if the room
is crowded. It is better to call a day
or two afterwards.
_ Do not call upon a person in reduced
circumstances with a display of wealth,
dress and equipage.
Do not tattle. Do not speak ill of
your neighbors. Do not carry gossip
from one family to another.
Do not, if a gentleman, seat yourself
upon the sofa beside the hostess, or in
near proximity, unless invited to do
so.
Do not, if a lady, call upon a gentle
man, except officially or professionally,
unless he may be a confirmed invalid.
Do not take a strarge gentleman
with you, unless positively certain that
his introduction will be received with
favor.
Do not, if a gentleman, leave the hat
in the hall when making merely a
formal call. If the call is extended into
a visit, it may be set aside. Whether
sitting or standing the hat may be
gracefully held in the hand.— Hill's
Manual of Social and Business Forms.
Circumstantial Evidence.
A trifling case in one of tbe lower
New York courts, the other day,
showed what a dangerous thing is cir
cumstantial evidence. A truokman had
looked his stable, put the key in hu
pocket, and fallen asleep on a stoop
On waking, he found his pockets rifled,
and seeing two young men who had
just passed, he caused their arrest
One of them was found to have a key
exactly like the one that had been taken
from his pocket. He was looked up,
and after a month was brought into
court. The truokman produoed his
lock, a patent one, whioh the man from
whom he bought it bad told him oould
not be opened by any key except the
one that went with it. The key that
had been found in the prisoner's pook
et was tried, and it opened the look
quite easily. That certainly looked
very bad for the prisoner. But he said
the key belonged to another look, and
he told where the other lock was. It
was sent for and brought to court, and
the key tried again. It opened the
second lock as easily as the first. It
was found that the looks and keys were
numbered. The number of the prison
er's key and the look he had sent for
corresponded. A different number was
on the lock of the truckman. It was
clear, therefore, that the prisoner had
been wrongly aooused. It was also
quite clear that he came within an aoe
of being a victim of oiroumstantial
evidence. Had not the second look
been forthcoming at the right time, an
entirely innocent man would have been
disgraoed for life bv a conviction for
highway robbery. This innooent man
had been in prison a month, but of
courpe, he had no redress.
SAVE THE OLD PAPEB.— Never throw
away old paper. If you have no wish
to sell it, use it in the house! Some
housekeepers prefer it to cloth for
cleaning many articles of furnitue! For
instance, a volume, written by a lady
who prided herself on her experience
and tact, says: After a stove has been
blaokened, it can be kept looking very
well for a long time by rubbing with
paper every morning: Rubbing with
paper is a muoh nicer way of keeping
the tea-kettle, coffee-pot and tea-pot
bright and clean than the old way of
washing them in suds.' Rubbing with
paper is also the best way of polishing
knives, tinware and spoons; they shine
like new silver. For polishing mirrors,
windows, lamp chimneys, etc., paper is
better than dry cloth: Preserves
and pickles keep muoh better if
brown paper instead of cloth is tied
over the jar. Canned fruit is not half
so apt to mold if a piece of writing
paper, cut to fit the cau, is laid di
rectly on the fruit. Paper is muoh
better to put under a carpet than straw-
It is warmer, thinner, and makes less
noise when one walks over it.
EXTRAORDINARY DENTISTRY.— One of
the most remarkable operations in
dentistry ever recorded was performed
at Portsmouth, N. H., last Sunday. A
boy who had been out for a drive was
descending from the carriage, when the
horse gave a vigorous whisk of his tail,
twisting the end of a hair around one
of the boy's front teeth, and pulled it
out so quickly that the lad had hardly
time to feel the loss. <
One of the most cheerful conven
tions during the past week was the un
dertakers' gathering at Boston. It
must have been a kind of rehearse-al,
and they should have had the plumed
knight to preside over them. They
were a grave assembly—but somewhat
tomb mncb of this.
Pecuniary Independence.
We talk a great deal abont oar polit
ical, intellectual, moral, and aoeial In
dependence; all the world haa heard an
talk abont them. We do not anlay
them as fally, perhaps, aa we think.
How mnoh independence of thought
has the jonrnalist, for inatanoe, who
must bid for an audience, the author
whose first thought must be never to
displease a reader, the orator who moat
repeat the stock notions of his hearera,
the professor who has to reooncile evo
lution with theolQgy; how mnoh liberty
of action haa the voter who depends
upon a government salary, or who is
in a politician's employ ? One can not
very seriously blame these people, to
whom independence often means star
vation. What I want to set in clear
light is this: that independecce in life
and thought depends, more than we
like to believe, npon pecuniary inde
pendence; it is not to be had by wish
ing merely. Individuals there are, and
always will be, who will snffer for their
moral or intellectual independence;
but communities will be what circum
stances make them. This, again, I
want to set in clear light: that we are,
as a community, deficient, in spite of
all our national wealth, and unnecessa
rily deficient, in the best part of inde
pendence—the power to enjoy our lives.
In this respect we are behind oar
friends in Franoe, with their two
millions of people living npon their
incomes.
These two millions of people are not,
for the most part, either idle, or frivo
lous, or wealthy people. Many of them
live in the cities, bnt more of them are
quiet people living on their modest
properties in the oountry, and enjoying
their competence in a rational way—
enjoying friendships, social pleasures,
family affections, and all the kindly
observances of home life in a way that
we have little idea of—in a way that the
tonrist in Paris sees nothing of. We
have much to learn from the Frenoh,
and among the things that we have to
learn aro some that may surprise as.
One of these things is the comfort, the
nnity, and the permanence of Frenoh
homes. The French home and family,
their happiness, their nnity, tbe> per
manence, these have been devel p <i by
the combined industry, thrift, utxt do
mestic sentiment of the mot>» in • Hi
gent people in Europe, and Hy
by its great middle class. We have '
significant testimony of Prince Bur
marck " that the Frenoh nation has a
sooial solidity such as no other nation
of Europe enjoys." And Mr. Matthew
Arnold, from whose " Mixed Essays"
I quote, adds: " This oan only oome
from the broad basis of well-being, and
of cause for satisfaction with life, whieh
in France, more than in other countries,
exists." If we bad two millions of
people, or one million, who were enjoy
ing a competence, earned or inherited,
can it be doubted that we should be a
happier people, and a better one, than
we are ? Franoe and the United States
have this important feature in common—
in each country nearly one-half of the
people live direotly by agriculture; but
our oountry homes and families have
not attained the comfort or the perma
nence of theirs.—T. M. Co AN, in Har
per's Alinazine.
Not Up on Goats.
The goat is an everyday sight, and
the man who does cot study him and
learn his ways and habits has only hint
sell to blame. Saturday forenoon a
" William" was quietly feeding on Co
lumbia street when a load of household
goods went past. The owner kept pace
with the wagon, carrying under his
arm a fine mirror about five feet long.
As he came opposite the goat be mat a
friend, and of course he had to stop
and tell why he was changing locations
and how much be expected to be bene
fited. The glass was heavy, and he
naturally dropped one eqd to the walk
to rest his arm.
Had this man been a olose observer
he would have seen the goat and wished
he bad a brickbat. Had he made goat
nature a study he would have known
better than to lower the glass. Qui he
was a man who despised the trifles of
life, and he was telling how many tons
of coal the new house would save him
this winter when the goat, who had
been getting mad for two long minutes
at sight of a rival in the mirror, went
through the glass like a thunderbolt,
and jumped into the street with the
frame clinging to his shaggy aides.
All that ripping, and raving, and cuss
ing—all the opening of front doorn
ail the inquiries by an excited crowd
oould have been saved had the cities*
but beokoned to the _ smallest boy on
the street and asked him to give away
a few points on goats.— Detroit Pre**.
KALSO HIKING. —Buy the beet bleached
glue, if the walls are to be white or
some light tint (if dark it is immaterial,
so the glue is clean), and use it in the
proportion of a quarter of a pound to
eight pounds of whiting, Soak the
glue over night; in the morning poor
off the water, as it simply awella while
soaking. Add freah water, pnt.it in •
pail, and set that in a kettle of boiling
water. When dissolved, stir it into the
whiting, adding enough water to malm
it, after nixing, of the same consistency
of common whitewash. It may be
tinted any color, and is applied with a
whitewash brush. If the color is rubbed
smooth in a little water, and then
mixed with the wash, it will be mom
even. If the walla have been previous
ly whitewashed, scrape away all thai
will come off, and wash with a solution
of white vitriol—two ounces in apail of
water. The vitriol will be decomposed
forming zino white and plaster of Paris,
to which kalsomine easily adheres. It
is important to dissolve the glue in a
hot water bath, for if scorched by toe
great heat, its tenaoity is impaired or
destroyed.
A pair were married at Newport, B.
1., recently, after an unbroken court
ship of thirty-five yaars. That is what
may be called a slow match.
Remembrance of the dead soon fades.
Alas t in their tombs, they decay more
slowly than in the hearts.— VlOTO a
Hcoo.
The enormous sealskin cloaks that
were not sold last winter arc to be
fashionable this winter, itia said.