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PACK TWO HOME COURSE IN AGRICOLTURE TWELFTH ARTICLE FEEDING FARM ANI- MALS. NO. 2 By E. W. ALLEN. Af.sisl.inl Director of the Office of Experiment Stations, United States Department of Agriculture. IN* Judging the value of a feeding stnudard for animals it should be borne in mind that feeding standards are simply a concise and approximate statement of the amounts of the different nutrients re quired by animals, as indicated by the results of experiments mat observa tion. They are intended 10 apply to the average conditions. The local con ditions will have much to do In de termining how closely the feeder can afford to adhere to the standard. The standard for a cow of 1,000 pounds weight and giving sixteen and one-half pounds inliout eight quarts) of milk |>er day calls for two pounds of protein, eleveu pounds of carbohy drates, and four-tenths pound of fat. which would furnish 2-">.850 calories of heat, but as the carbohydrates and fat serve practically the same purpose in nutrition au excess of one may make up for a slight deficiency of the other. In making allowance for the differ ence in milk yield of different cows a uniform basal ration can lie fed to all the cows and the amount of the rich er grain mixture varied to suit the de mands. For example, a basal ration might be made np of twenty-five pounds of corn silage, eight pounds of rowen hay and three pounds ench of cornmeal and wheat bran, which would supply 1.43 pounds of protein and a fuel value of 23.712 calories. To this could be added a richer grain mix ture composed of two parts of gluten meal and one part of cottonseed meal, the amount of this being varied accord ing to the milk yield of the cow. Two Photo by Hampton Institute. IN THE PASTURE. pounds of this mixture would bring tbe ration up to 1.1)7 pounds of protein and 20.091) calories, which would meet the requirements of cows giving twelve to fifteen pounds of milk a day, while four pounds would bring It up to 2.50 pounds of protein and 30,286 calories of beat suitable for the cows giving twenty to twenty-five pounds of milk, and so on, Ave or six pounds of the grain mixture being fed to the heavier milkers. A ration composed of ten pounds of shelled coru. five pounds of wheat bran, two pounds of linseed meal (new process) and teu pounds of corn fodder per steer would furnish protein and energy corres|>ondtng approximately to the requirements of yearling steers. Tbe exclusive feeding of shelled corn, as Is often practiced in the middle west, gives a poorly balanced ration. Admixtures of other grains or by products give better balanced rations, and such rations have usually been found more profitable. A common practice in fattening steers In the south Is to feed fifteen to twenty-four pounds of cottonseed hulls nnd six to eight pounds of cottonseed meal. This Is not a we'l balanced ration. It could be Improved by substituting two pounds corntneal In place of an equal amount of cottonseed meal or by substituting silage for a part of the hulls. As n result of experiments made for several years at the Massachusetts state station the stntion recommends the fol owing proper'lons of skimmllk and corntneal. according to tbe weight of the pig: Pigs weighing 20 to 70 pounds, two ounces of corntneal per quart of skim mllk. Pttrs weighing 70 to 130 pounds, four ounces of cornmeal per quart of skim mllk Pigs weighing 130 to 2(0 pounds, six ounces of cornmeal per quart of skim mllk. Pound for pound buttermilk has not usually given quite as good results as skimmllk. But -nether lraportnnt consideration where fert'B-ers or manures have to tie relied in u is "ie manorial value of a feeding «":T. fV,stuffs differ Widely In t: s rest sect, w'heei bran and cottons m (I meal having a hi -It .mano rial vrlee. while Hint of > inrueal is feint! ''y low If t lt- nam eis care fully |C.'S ■ "(.,( ~ ;I I'-,, ||fn| O" jon of the fcr'i!.: i,. .v- Uncut* ot i; feed 1» recovered la t! •• : . v and - •ics to enrich the laud Hay from tHI* legu minous rr-'ps clover, lupine- inl'a. cowjiea, etc.—contains about twice the quantity of . 1 i;:. -tithe protein that hay f.. the gras-i - does. i■ ■ .evils I) these plants (cowpea, soy bean, etc.) are CM .■■ il. 'y iin protein and can take the l .ir of o\ eii-ive coin titer rial fee.l . I'.y g: • . g and feeding more lcgumiiiou • the amount of grain required > ■ uudiiished. the value of the in !nttfc ■ roared, and the soil is enriched in fertility. The lo i ' .dm : s resulting from the manufact .re of Hour, glucose, standi cottonseed oil, linseed oil, ferment, d liquors, etc.. are extensively used for feeding purposes and include many of the richest and net prized feeding stuffs, llominy clioj . meal and feed rc it from tin? manufacture of hominy and contain the gum and coarser por tions of the corn The establishment of beet sugar fac tories in this country has led to the production of immense quantities of sugar beet pulp as a waste material. Professor Thomas Sliavv expresses his belief that sugar beet pulp can lie fed more advantageously to cattle and sheep that are being fattened than to dairy cows. The New York Cornell experiment station, however, found that this material gave good results with milk cows, tn practice about ten pounds of pulp per day are fed to sheep and fifty to seventy-live pounds to cat tle. The amount In the latter ease, however, is said to depend on the ent tlo. and more may lie given up to 100 pounds if they will eat it. The pulp Is believed to effect a considerable sav ing in the amount of grain required for fattening. Sugar beet pulp can be successfully preserved in silos and makes a very fair quality of silage. It Is relished by rattle, even the slightly spoiled por tions not being distasteful to them. As the sugar beet crop is an exhaustive one and the fertility of the soil can lie maintninod by feeding the pulp it be comes quite an important matter that farmers growing sugar tieets should combine with it the feeding of the pulp where practicable. Molasses Is another product of the beet sugar manufacture which ac cumulates in large quantities. In Eu rope It has been found to possess con siderable value for feeding. For this purpose It has been mixed with peat, dried blood, beet pulp or with a mix ture of feeding stuffs, such as bran and palm nut meal, in order that it might be more conveniently handled. The effect of drying hay is not to lessen Its digestibility, as is often be lieved. Hay stored for a long time, even when kept dry and not allowed to heat, appears to lose a part of Its val ue as food. Experiments abroad have indicated that cooking or steaming coarse or un palatable food was advantageous, not on account of making the food more nutritious, but In Inducing the animals to eat larger quantities of It. In ten trials made by, experiment stations there has not only been no gain from cooking, but there has been a positive loss. The Mississippi stntion concludes from three years' work that "the milk and butter from cows fed on steamed cottouseed cost less than that from cows fed on raw cottonseed nnd but little more than one-hnlf ns much as that from cows fed on cottonseed meal The butter from steamed cottonseed is superior In quality to that from either raw seed or cottonseed meal." The Texas station finds it advantageous to boll cottonseed for steers. Experiments show that it will pay to soak corn for steers if it can be done for 6 cents a bushel. Snaking wheat for pigs is quite generally recom mended. The Maine station compared the value of chopped and unchopped hay for cows and found no evidence that the chopping had any effect The In diana station found that steers made better gains on cut thun on uncut clover hay. Cutting corn stover was found advantageous at the Wisconsin station. The use in this country of some kind of succulent feed nearly the whole year round, to keep up the appetite and the general condition of the ani mals, has become quite general. In Europe roots are Inrgely grown for this purpose. In this country roots are not grown to any great extent tn com parison with corn, which furnishes a larger and cheaper supply of food ma terial from a given area than any other crop. Silage proves more acceptable to stock than dry fodder, and they will consume n larger amount of dry matter in that form. It is found adapted to nearly all kinds of farm animals. In cluding horses, sheep and pigs. Soiling means the feeding of farm animals more or less confined on green forage fresh from the fields. Partial soiling is much more common, being relied upon to carry the animals over a period when pastures are short. The Wisconsin station found that one acre :>f soiling crops was equal to about two and one-half acres of good b: >e grass pasture for feeding dairy ecus, and the Connecticut Storrs station kept four cows from June 1 to Nov. 1 •n soiling crops produced on two and one-half ncres o' land. Partial soiling properly conducted will be found a >rofitab!e practice on many farms. A considerable number of proprie tary articles sold under trade names are found on the markets in this coun try. Analyses of samples of these feeding stuffs collected from time to time show that none of them can be regarded as concentrated feeds in the ro'iiinon acceptation of the term. The basis of the better ones ts linseed or !' -seed meal or some cereal byprod t T''"v are usually sold at exorbi lo t prices, ranging from 10 to 20 ■■'Ollt-S it (101 l lid. Till] WASHINGTON* STANDARD. Ot'TOI'.KR :{. THE NATIONAL CAPITAL ru'iils of Infer***! from f|i«* S«*nf v ill <t.*»% <*rniiH'iif. 15\ ». I.IOM :s. V l!<'*|)oti«iMlh > Willi l*nrf>. picturing his In 1i• ■t" in the need of financial and banking !> glslatlon which will meet tin- m i ds of tl i country and ;i:r11 eill g that the responsibility for s ell h'. islatioti 'should ft upon tie majority party," inasmuch as that par ty hail denied all amendments that might i feet its measure. Representa tive French of Idaho stated that his per ■ mill admiration for President Wil son made him "content" to clotha him with the responsibility of naming the federal reserve board. Mr. Freneh, who is a Republican, said that while lie did not agree with many of the po litieal convictions of the president, yet he had full confidence "in his high sense of public duty and patriotism." IIMTI MIIII'M Tfi«*or> I* !l(**t. In the course of bis speech concern ing the currency measure Representa tive Kahn of California expressed the belief that the Glass-Owen measure would cause many of the national banks to surrender their charters to the federal government, and return to It ho state hank system. He declared that the present national banking sys ' tern was one of stability, and said he I believed that the pending measure would drag down the existing system i without providing an adequate substi tute. Mr. Kahn, as usual, made an ef fective speech, remarking incidentally: "Every man who lias a theory on the I subject believes that his theory is just a wee bit better than the theory of the man with whom he is arguing the question." Womi-it Xmli'd In Pull! Ic*. According to Senator Jones of Wash ington, politics will elevate women and women will elevate politics. "For woman to study the theories, problems and necessities of government cannot help Put strengthen and broaden her" says the Washington senator, who fur ther declares that "for her to bring her gentle and refining influence into practical politics cannot help but make political methods and practices more open, clean, honest, reputable, and ben eficial." | "Inertnew*" ChnrnoterlfceM Senate. 1 Referring to the manner in which some of the railroads have buncoed the government, very much to the injury of Arizona, Senator Ashurst in his I speech upbraided Congress for its fail ure to take cognizance of the scanda lous condition that had long existed, j "There can be no reason for not acting j* • * except that, the inertness that | characterizes a body like this when it does not desire to see a radical change made, and yet is afraid to approve it, (and therefore compromises by doing 'nothing," is the way in which Mr. j Ashurst told the senate "to its teeth" ; what he thought about the chronic de- I lays in matters affecting railroad and land affairs. Strange WiiyH Along tlie Money Hnnd. In opening his remarks on the cur rency question Representative Lafferty Jof Oregon asked: "Is it not so that .every member who has talked on this 'measure has apologized to the house (because he did not know anything I about it?" The Oregon member de j clared that the secret of this wholesale confession of ignorance lies in the fact that our monetary system is be l ing conducted in a strange and unnat- Jural manner and not because the sub ject is too puzzlingly intricate. I.ltlleflrld ami JrukliiN. Former Representative Littlefield of 'Maine in his testimony at the house lobby investigation admitted that he had received aid from the Manufactur ers' association, but he denied in sub stance most of the implications of Mul hall, the lobbyist, regarding the im proper use of the association's money in his campaign. Littlefield also rose to the defense of former Congressman Jenkins of Wisconsin, who is dead and "cannot speak for himself." It will be remembered that the labor unions opposed the nomination of Lit tlefield and Jenkins, who were promi nent members of Congress a few years ago. On account of the influence these men exercised in protective tariff legis lation, the Manufacturers' association very consistently came to the aid of their campaigns, and nothing improper would ever have been charged had it not been for the extravagant assertions of the discredited Mulhali. The Ministry it nil I'nHtleH. As an explanation of why preachers have not been prominent in holding offices. Senator Clapp told the senate the other day that, "in the early history of this country in many of the states, ministers of the gospel were forbidden to hold office, upon the theory that pol itics were so degrading that the min isters should not withstand its degrad ing effects." The senator explained that it was not upon the theory that the church would demean politics, but that politics would degrade and lower tli" dignity of the gospel, that lite op- i<i<Ml UF the < i. r > i.inie ID b.' raised against in>li.;. .11 positions. I' Iml I HIS <'><• !'ri-.I of flu- I'mlillim. Tin- Republican leader, "Jim" Mann, I.ad plenty el' criticism for the house (HI REM J bill, but he slipped a CUR when speaking of tiie Democratic cacu < us. by not condemning it as has been Hie eustoin among his fellow Republi cans and Progressives. Mr. Mann said: I have never been disposed to criti sise the method of procedure of the majority in the legislative body. The test is, what is the result that comes out of that meeting?" Tin* (InlnlcNxcuce of I'i'rfi-i-tloii. According to Representative Pepper of lowa "the significant thing about this banking and currency" is the fact "that there have not been any real ob jections to the bill as a bill." Such acquiescence in a party measure is sel dom heard, but it has long been sus pected that Mr. Pepper is long on party programs. A WCNMIIKI' from tin* Colonel. i hat there is to be no compromise among Progressives and Republicans has been made known among the Pro gressives of the house who have re ceived and thrown their hats in the air because of the message from Col. Roos evelt which declared: "We are in this fight to the finish, and regardless of results; we have only begun to fight." Unlit Hull! for flu* HIIIIIIIIJIM! The banana has escaped with all its skin, though it looked for a time as though a tariff would be levied upon it in order to bring a contemplated revenue of $4,000,000 or $5,000,000 to the government. The senate amend ment to the tariff measure placing a duty on the fruit has been stricken out, and "the poor man's food" will continue to sell at the same old cut rate prices at the corner grocery or fruit stand. t iTtiIt I'II Ic itf fhnrncfpr fur "Hoxxv." The department of agriculture in forms us that there are 500 dairies in all producing certified milk, and that the daily production is 25,000 gallons, which is an increase of 300 per cent, in five years. The general demand for certified milk is for infants and sick people. New Democratic newspapers are ap pearing all over the state. Down in Raymond is the Pacific County Times, up in Seattle is the State-Wide Demo crat, a woman's venture, at Metaline there is the Democrat, at Prosser the independent-Record, again at Raymond the Review, the Daily Star at Cen tralia, the Inland Empire News at Hillyard and the Press at Kalama. Of these the Pacific County Times at Ray mond and Seattle's State-Wide Demo crat are the most recent, good papers both of them, worthy of patronage and support. THE WASHINGTON- STANDAHD. of course, is the pioneer weekly, Dem ocratic throughout the 53 years of its existence; where it had but eight col leagues in this state prior to the elec tion of a year ago, there are 21 today, an increase of more than 100 per cent. Heat With Steam! Are You Going to Heat Your Building This Season from the New CentrdSt^^ NOW IS THE TIME TO PLAN! FOR INFORMATION CALL ON THE Washington Public Service Co. C. A. HARMONY, Manager Office: Cor. Third & Columbia Sts. OLYMPIA, WASH. HEW FALL AND WINTER COATS ARRIVED A new line of Ladies' Coats, prices from $lO to S3O, have been received. These are the latest styles and materials. Men's Suits made to order, S2O to $45. FRED WEISS LADIES' AND GENTS' TAILOR, 709 Main Street. wr ™ . W * >? «\ Easier to Use yvu"C Ch ® a P® r to Us ® BABBITT'S LYE IN T HE NEW SIFTER CAN I ■■fete; TUST as much as y° u want — 110 more —comes out of the CHICKEN new si fling top. 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