THE GAZETTE AND UNION.
PORTSMOUTH, JANUARY 19, 1847,
Democratic Nominations.
FOR GOVERNOR, '
JARED W. WILLIAMS.
FOR REPRESENTATIVES TO CONGRESS,
1 T 2 AT
Dist. No. 1, BENNING W. JENNESS,
2, CHARLES 11. PEASLEE.
3 MACE MOULTON.
4, JAMENS H. JOIINSON,
FOR COUNCILLORS.
Rockingham, BENJAMIN FENNESS,
Strafford, ZEBULON PEASE.
Hillsborough, SAMUEL JONES.
Grafton and Coos, ENOS FERREN.
FOR SE’]‘('R.\'.
No. 2, PERLEY ROBINSON., of Poplin.
3, NOYES POOR. of Goflstown.
4, WILLIAM 111. GAGE, of Boscawen.
5, JAMES DRAKE, of Pittsfield.
6, CHARLES LANE. of Giltord.
8 FREDERICK VOSE, of Walpole.
9, FREDERICK BOYDEN, of Ilinsdale.
FOR Rfl(‘l\'lX(‘-’Fr.\.\-l-—c;H'.\"l‘\' OFFICERS.
JOSIAH B. WIGGIN, Register of Deeds.
JOSIAH C. EASTMAN, County Treasurer.
JOHN S(,'.-\.\l.\l();\'.l
BIAS NOBLE, Road Commissioners.
TRUE T. LOCKE, §
NEW HAMPSHIRE WILL BE REDEEMED.
"That the democracy of the old Granite State will
gloriously triumph over all the allied factions in March
next, we cannot entertain a doubt. Had no new issue
&risen in this canvass we feel that we counld have carried
the State ; but since the whigs have allied themselves
with the Mexicans against their country, as the tories
end federalists did with the British in the two wars
with Great Britain, their overthrow is certain. The
people of New Hampshire have no love for traitors,
and will never trust the reins of government in their
hands when aware of their true character. Se odious
had the old federal party rendered itself by its opposi
tion to the last war that it was found necessary to
change its name, hoping by deception to obtain what
‘they were aware their acts did not entitle them to.
Acting on this-hope, the whigs have assiduously labor
ed to disprove their identity with the federal party,
knowing that unless this was done they had no chance
of success. But although they have unddubtcdly suc
ceeded in deceiving many honest and patriotic men in
to the ranks of their party—men who would spurn the
idea of siding with the enemies of their country—the
majority of the people were too intelligent to become
their dupes ; and the democracy of New Hampshire
were classed among the unconquerable. But at length,
by the most detestable bargaining and deception, by
which the votes of hundreds of democrats were given
to a federal candidate, our opponents have acquired
control of our State government.
« But no sooner have they acquired the power for
which they have so long struggled, than they throw off
the mask which they have so long worn, and stand re
vealed to the people in all their political deformity, and
establish beyond contradiction their identity with the
federalists of 1812 by denouncing the President for
planging us into an * unjust, cruel and awful ” war, al
though Congress has resolved “that war exists by
act of Mexico "—by denouncing our country as in the
wrong and Mexico in the right—anad hy declaring that
it i* unbecoming a moral and religious people to rejoice
at the victories won by our brave troops. Their skill
at deception will not avail them hereafter—they now
appear in their true light, and this is fatal to their
hopes. Those who fought the battles of their country
in the last war with Great Britain will hardly be ca-
Joled into the support of the party that nominates for
President the man who voted against appropriations
for food and clothing for him and his brave associates
—the old democratic republican will not fail to notice
the perfect similitude between the attacks upon the ad
ministration during the last war and the present—while
the young man (whose bosom, uncorrupted by hatred
of successful political rivals, naturally burns with pat
riotic zeal) will not fail to enlist on the side of patriot
ism against his country’s enemies, whether at home or
abroad. Those who have been deccived into the sup
port of federalism, under any of its numerous disgui
ses, having discovered their error, will now return to
their places in the ranks of democracy, and aid in giv
ing the federal traitors a la Palma rout at the ballot
box in March next.
FEDERAL HOSTILITY TO THE COUNTRY.
It is evident that the whigs of Massachusetts of the
present day entertain the same feeling of hostility to
their country that pervaded the bosoms of the federal
ists of the last war. On the 7th instant Caleb Cushing
asked leave to introduce a resolution in the House of
Representatives providing for the appropriation of
$20,000 for the support and equipment of the volun
teers from that State; but the whig majority refused to
receive it—one hundred and seventy-one members of
that party voting against granting leave even to intro
duce such a resolution! Such is whig patriotism in old
federal Massachusetts—the State which in the last war
refused to allow her soldiers to join the army to defend
their country and protect her citizens. The sons have
proved themselves worthy descendants of their federal
fathers, and will receive a like reward—the lasting con
tempt of every lover of his country.
~ On the day following that on which the House re
used to reccive the resolution, however, finding that
he storm of public indignation was likely to be more
violent than they could withstand, the vote was recon
sidered, and it was voted to receive the resolution, al
though not without much opposition. Mr Keyes, a
whig member from Dedham, said “ke would cut off his |
right hand before he would hold it up in favor of any prop- 1
osition to afford any aid whatever to this infamous war
with Mexico.” Another similar patriot, a Mr, Bird, of l
Walpole, said “he would tell the drivers in this infernal
Mexican war that they were to expect no aid from Masswl
chusetts I
Tue Rocxkiveuam CouvncrLor CoNVENTION.—
This convention, which was holden at Epping on Tues
day last, was wel! attended, and the best feeling pre
vailed among the delegates. Joseph Robinson, Esq.,
of Concord, was chosen President, and William P.
Hill, of (‘ot{cord, secretary Hon. BeNaamiy JEx
wrss, of Deerfie'd. was nominated for Councillor with
great unanimity. We have not reccived the official
proceedings of the convention; we shall probably be
enabled to lay them before our readers next week.
JUSTICE TO THE BRAVE SUBALTERNS.—A letter
from Mr Giles to the Baltimofe Argus states that the
President “has appointed two soldiers licutenants in the
army, for their gallant conduct on the three-fields over
which our flag has waved in triumph during the past
year, and I believe it to be his intention to reward gal
lantry in whatever department of the army it may be
found.”
Tar. Massacuvserrs VoLusTeers.—The ten com
‘Panies composing the regiment required by the Presi
dent from Massachusetts having been raised and organ
ized, a meeting of the commissioned officers was held
on Friday afternoon, and the regiment organized by the i
choice of the following officers :
Colonel—Hon, Calels Cushing,
Lt. Colonel—Capt. I, H. Wright, of Company B. &
Major—Capt, E. W, Ablott, of Company C.
THE MEXICAN ALLIES
In this quarter continue their tirndes aginst our gov
ermment, and persist in giving “aid and comfort” to the
enemy. The correspondents of the Journal weckly re
iterate the oft-refuted arguments of the federal press on
the cause of the war. We have not the patience to re
ply to these columus of federal sophistry—nor do we
deem them worthy of any serious attention. They ad
vance nothing new—nothing that has not been again
and again disproved. The people do not require that
every charge made against the governmenf by the
traitors who join with the enemy should be replied to
by the democratic press. They know that a party has
always existed among us that has ever pursued a fac
tious opposition to the government, and that the organs
of that party have never hesitated to rékort to falsehood
of the blackest dye when it could be made to subserve
party ends; and knowing this, and having read the
plain statement of facts in relation to the war, set forth
in the admirable message of President Polk, they will
not be deceived by the hollow sophistries of those mor
al traitors, who represent the enemy as wholly right
and our own country wholly wrong. We have no fears
of the effect of such articles—if read at all they will on
ly serve to show the true character of their authors, and
call forth the just indignation of a patriotic people.
Tue Aim or tHE AsporrrioNists.—The follow
ing extracts from a letter written by Henry C. Wright
a leading abolitionist, dated at London, and published
in the National Anti Slavery Standard, gives an ex
plicit avowal of the design of the abolition party:
“ I have done all I could the past tvo years, to get the
people of Britain to aid in bringing about the dissolution
of the Ameyican Union: and Mr. Gagison is now do
ing the same.”
“Last Sunday we all spent with Mr. Ashurst at his
lovely spot at Murwell Hill. Mr. Fox, the anti-corn
law orator, and James Haughton were with us. 7%e
dissolution of the American Union, as the gigantic foe of
liberty : the right of the British people to promote this ob
ject and the duty of all friends of freedom to organize a
league against slavcholding governments were prominent top
ies of our deliberations.”
We would ask those who aet with the abolition party
in New Hampshire if they are willing to take part with
those who acknowledge that they are plotting with Brit
ish subjeets to bring about the dissolutien of our glori
ous Union. We have had abundant evidence that their
leaders are ready to eftect this——that their only hope of
party success is in the dissolution of the Union—that
their course to power is over * the ruins of the Ameri
can Church and the American constitution;” but we
cannot believe that the mass of those who have been in
duced to join with them from their dislike to slavery,
are ready to act with them in this fiendish and unhal
lowed movement, which is calculated, not to loosen the
bands of the slave, but to destroy the liberty of the free
citizens of our happy republic.
Tue Sovtit Exp Factory.—As another clection is
near at hand. the Journal shows a disposition to set
again this old trap to catch voters. DPrevious to the
last election the people of the South end were told that
if a whig legislature was secured, a charter would be
obtained and a factory erected at that part of the town.
But now that a charter has_ been obtained, it assigns as
a reason why no steps have been taken towards its eree
tion, that the new tariff law has discouraged manufac
turing enterprises. But such an excuse will fail to sat
isfy those who have caleulated on large profits from the
sale of real estate in that vicinity, as they know that
the manufacturer still realizes much greater profits than
the farmer, and that new factories are going up rapidly
in other places, notwithstanding the passage of the tar
iff act of 1846, which had been demanded by the people
long before the charter was granted. The Journal
must employ a more tempting bait than this to ecatch
the South-enders hereafter.
A Roraxp ror AN OLlveEr.—One day last snmmer.
our friend Dr Vinton, whose skill at tooth-pulling is
well known, was met by a noted wag, who was carrying
an old garden rake in one hana while he held the other
to his face, which wore the lugubrious expression which
the “ jumping tooth-ache™ is =0 well calculated to pro
duce. “ Doctor,” says he, “‘I want you to pull a couple
of teeth for me.,” © Very well,” replied the doctor, “just
step into my office and I'll relieve you. There.” con
tinued he, as they entered, “take a seat in that chair
and show me the tecth you wish extracted.” ‘¢ Well
doctor.” says the wag, holding up the rake, “ I want you
to take those two broken teeth out of this ralke!” For a
moment the doctor was thrown off his guard by-the
joke that had been played upon him; but soon recov
ering himself, he replicd—* Well, let me have it—7
might as well take the teeth from one old rake as the other !”
: NEW BOOKS.
Six Lecrvres ox tHE Use or tne Lrwyes; and
causes, prevention and cure of Consumption, Asth
ma, and discases of the heart ; on the laws of longev
ity ; and on the mode of preserving male and female
health to an hundred years. By Samucl Sheldon
Fitch, A. M., M. D.
Such is the title of a hook of 324 pages now before
us. It probably contgins some valuable information :
but as we were told in the preface that “to render the
lectures effective upon the reader, it is necessary that
perfeet confidence should be placed in the statements
and conclusions,” we suspended our perusal of them
with the following paragraph :—
“The human frame is a machine, or the trunk of
the body may be said to be a box, full of machinery.
The operations and life of this machinery is capa
ble of continuing a great many more years than it
usually does. It ought to move alwaysone hundred
years, and may go on to one hundred and fifty or
one hundred and sixty years, and probably more.
To prove this to be true, I have onll;' to present to
vou cases of persons who have lived to t.{:at age.—
God is not unjust and partial ; he has not made one
to live one hundred and sixty years, and another
cannot live more than twenty or thirty. No, we
are all made alike ; and if cut off prematurely, it is,
probably, in nearly all cases, our own fault.”
Some of our readers, however, may have more confi
dence than ourselves in the all-healing systems of prac
tice and patent medicines of the present day ; and ma
ny, no doubt, will be interested. and perhaps some ben
efitted, by the perusal of the work, which, according to
the introduction, is written by one whose “experience
is derived from an observation of more than five thou
sand cases [of consumption] within the last three years,
besides all his previous practice.” It is for sale whole
sale and retail at the bookstore of Mr S. A. Badger
No. 7 Exchange Buildings. ‘
Looxixe Upwarn: or Devotional Exercises for the
use of young persons. By Charles Wellbeloved.
With an introduetion, by James W. Thompson, min
ister of the church in Barton Square, Salem.
We have received from J. F. Shores, Jr., a very neat
little volume with the above title, published by W. & S.
B. Ives, Salem. and printed by S. N. Dickinson & Co.,
Boston. It contains morning and evening reflections,
prayers and hymns for each day of the week. The
work is not intended for Christians of any particular
sect, the author having labored to present a work which
should be acceptable to all:—“ He has studiously
avoided,” he says, “ all expressions which might tend
to render what was designed for general use, obnoxious
to any particular sect of Christians; and endeavored
to comprchend only those grand principles in which all
are equally agreed, and which are the foundation of all
excellence of character, of present comfort, and of fu
ture eternal happiness. With this view he has omitted
the common doxologies at the close of the prayers.”
07 The Journal secs no objection to the investment
of Boston capital in New-Hampshire, We presume it
would have as little ohjection to the influence of Boston
capitalists in our elections.
07 The Statesman having called upon the whigs to
organize. and have their committees in every school dis
trict, the Cgos Democrat says, “We can assure it that it
will find a great many scheol districts in this quarter
where it has nobody to organize.”
- DUTY ON TEA AND COFFEE. \
The recommendation of Secretary Walker for Con
gress to impose a duty on Tea and Coffee, was, in our
judgment, a movement deserving the utmost praise.
We thought so at the time, and we still think so, not
withstanding the subsequent treatment which it has re
ceived, and the farther investigation which has been
given the subject. At the time of the passage of the
new tariff law our greatest and almost only objection
to it was the exclusion of coffee and tea from the list
of dutiable articles. We could not help viewing this
omission as a vielation of the great principle of the
law, which, in almost every other respect, seemed nev
er to have been lost sight of—the principle of equality,
so far as equality is attainable in imposing a tax upon
forcign imports for the support of Government. Tt is
very evident that the real friends of the law had not the
sligitest inclination of recognizing the principle of pro
tection at all, either directly or indirectly; but the omis
“sion of imposing a duty on the two articles named a
bove gave this principle an existence in the law, and
its effects, however indirect, cannot help having a bear
: ing upon all the great interests of the nation,
~ The great objection to the impesition of duties on
‘tea and coffee is, that these articles are in general use,
“and they cannot be made subject to a tax without very
much increasing the burthens of the poor. This ob
jection, one may sce at a glance, is the veriest absurdi
ty in the world. It is necessary that government have
a sufficient amount of revenue to defray its ordinary
expensos; if certain articles are permitted to escape
free of duties, others, certainly, must be merve heavily
taxed to make up for the deficieney occasioned by the
free articles. If we failto collect two million dollars
of revenue on tea and coffee, we shall be under the
necessity of collecting it on cotton and woolen goods,
iron, salt, sugar, molasses, &c., articles which epter into
the consumption of the poor quite as generally and
largely, and in many instances incurring far greater‘ex
pense, than tea and coffee. It is as necessary for a man
to have a shirt to wear as a cup of coffee or tea to drink,
and it is just as much of a burden for Lim to pay a dol
lar extra on his clothing, &c., as the same amount on
tea and coffee, since he cannot escape paying the dollar.
This ohjection at the North, in the main, comes fromn
the whig party ; and with how much of consisteney, or
sympathy for the poor it is urged, appears from the
fact that they have denounced the administration, using
the bitterest and most indecent epithets, becanse it re
pealed a law which compelled the poor man, in many
instances, to pay five dollars where now he does not pay
two. This pretence, that they would lighten the bur
dens of the poor, has nothing real about it, as every
one will acknowledge who has an idea of whig princi
ples. It is whig policy to impose the Leaviest burthens
possible to be borne upon those who are compelled to
labor, that their dependency may make them the servile
tools of their employers, and keep up those distine
tions in society with which flesh and blood and soul
have nothing to do, but which rest upon the acquisition
of a little money. The poor can appreciate suckh sym
pathy ; and when these demagogues talk about better
ing the condition of the laboring poor man, they are
taxing their ingenuity to the ntmost to invent some
method to place him in a condition in which he may
struggle, but from which he can never extricate him
self. No one principle of the whig party, in our judge
ment, is so well ealeulated to produce this eflect as
that of protection of capital at the expense of labor. This
is the great principle of the whig party, and for this that
party oppose the imposition of duties npon tea and cof
fee—not purely to make them frce articles, for they
care nothing about that of itself, but to create the ne
cessity of increasing the duties on manufactured arti
cles, and thereby secure to them the largest possible.
protection. et no man be deceived in this matter.
Let him scan for a moment the past and present policy
of the whig party, and he cannot be mistaken. The
leaders of this party may talk till doomsday about
abolitionism or any other ism they please; the condition
of the southern slave is a matter of as much indifler
ence to them as the condition of the monkey of South
America. They seize upon the isms of the day for no
other purpose than to make them subserve to the devel
opement of this one great principle of their doctrine,
and he who believes them sincere in any of their pro
fessions of philanthropy, either for the northern poor
man or the southern slave, was never so much mistak
en in his life. 'We would not place the imposition of
duties on tea and coffee solely on the ground that our
government is now engaged in a war, although thag
fact should urge its immediate consummation, but on
the ground of principle—the principle of equality and
a horizontal scale of duties. If in times of peace the
present tariff law, with this amendment, should pro
duce a larger amount of revenue than shall be found
necessary to defray the expense of government, then
let a modification be effected througshout. C.
&F Capt. Goodwin, the whig candidate for Con
gress in this district, has taken the stump. Ile
made his debut at the whig caucus on Thursday
evening last. Ilis speech is reported at length in
the Journal of Saturday last. Ile subscribes to the
doctrines advanced at the Dover Convention on
the subject of the war and stavery. We were dis
appointed, however, in finding nothing in the report
of his speech in regard to the ruin preduced by
the new tariff. We hope to kear some of his
speeches before®election day. We are assured by
those who listened to him that many of its beauties
are veiled in the printed report.
&F" Some of our whig cotemporaries indulge in
ratherill-natured remarks on the “marriage” of the
Gazette and Union. We suppose they feel slight
ed because they were not invited to the wedding.
We shall endeavor to give them all the attention
they deserve, however, in future. - X
K& Professor Lovering commences his lectures
on Astronomy at the Temple this evening. Ile is
a very popular lecturer on the subject, and the
lectures will be well worth listening to. Tickets
for the series, at the low price of fifty cents, may
be obtained of Mr. Joseph M. Edmonds, who has “a
few more left.”
€ One of the uninitiated, after a careful read
ing of last Saturday’s Journal, very naively inquir
ed if the editor was not in Washington.
.0~ The former patrons of the Republican Urion
are notified that the office has been removed to that of
the New Hampshire Gazette, No. 3 Pleasant street.
07 Senator Allen, of Ohio, in one of his speeches
in the Senate on the Oregon iquestion, speaking of the
power of ‘the youthful quecen of Great Britain, describ
ed her as “the ruler of one-tenth of the entire popula
tion of the Globe—a sovereign, the jewels of whose
crown reflect the rays of a sun that never sets in her
dominions.” < ;
Tue Prooress oF Trurn.—Truth is progressing
surely though slowly, as the following paragraph from a
whig paper, clearly proves. Instead of contending, as
%retofore, that the whig party possesses all the talent
d all the learning of the country, the New Bedford
Mercury, in a late article, has this strange admission :—
“ We had supposed that the whig party would profit
a little by experience—but it seems the FOOLS are not
dead yet '
0= We tender our thanks to Hon. Charles G. Ather
ton, Hon. J. ¥, Scammon, and Hon. Joseph Cilley for
valuable public documents,
0™ Hon. William H, Gage has been nominated for
Senator by the democrats of District No. 4.
0= The Lecture by the federal priest delivered at
the Temple last week will be attended to in our next.
MEXICAN WAR. 1
In the last paper, we endeavored to sketch the main
lines of the events which have resulted in the present
war. Wehave called to mind the murders, imprison
ments, confiscations, unmitigated by any pretence of
right, which Mexico for twenty years has inflicted on
American citizens and American property. Yet we
have seen that the United States, actuated solely by a
spirit of kindness and forbearance to a sister Republic,
though her wrongs were unredressed, her demands dis
regarded, and her treaties broken, were ever unwilling
to resort to that ultimate remedy which every principle
of the law of nations would have justified, but contin
ued, all in vain, to petition and remonstrate up to the
very commencement of hostilities, and finally took up
arms, only after American soil had been invaded, and
American blood had been shed.
There are men, however, who, out of their extraordi
nary affection for an enemy at war with us, have Jjust
discovered that poor Mexico is the aggrieved party—that
“our army by advancing to the Rio Grande in May last,
invaded Mexican soil, for that the true boundary of
' Texas is not the Rio Grande, but is a little shallow
stream seventy miles this side of the Rio Grande. called
r the Nueces. As this novel diseovery has been promul
gated by high authoritics, it perhaps demands a short
consideration from us at this time.
i It should be understood. however, at the outset, that
‘even conceding its full force to this chief argument of
‘the Mexican pleaders—even conceding that our just
claims extend only to the Nueces, and that we were
‘guilty of invading the soil of our neighbor, by march
jing to the Rio Grande, nevertheless the necessity and
Justice of the war can by no means be called into ques
tion. War to the hilt would have been justified long
ago. Who that has in view the outragous wrongs we
have suffered from Mexico, can say it would have been
either “ unwise, eruel, or awful,” to have marched into
that country and enforced our claims at the point of the
bayonet 2 The argument, even if it had the merit of
being true, earries no point, no sting in it.
Nor is the argument just. It is mercly a subtle
catch of the advocates for our enemy. We shall
find, on investigation, that if we have a claim to any
part of Texas, we have a claim to the whole—if our
boundary is not the Sabine, it is the Rio Grande.
From the first settlement of the valley of the Mis
sissippi down to the year 1803, Texas, embraced under
the general name of Louisiana, constituted a province
of France. In the year 1803, Napoleon, then first Con
sul, sold to the United States the whole of Louisiana,
thus including Texas, for $3,000,000. What was con
sidered the boundary of Louisiana and of Texas, dur
ing that long series of years? It was the o Grande.
The Nueces was never mentioned—the word was un
known. Munroe and Pinckney, who were sent on a
special mission to Spain, during Thomas Jefferson’s
administration, declared “ The United States has not a
better right to the island of New Orleans, than they
have to all the territory up to the Rio Grande.” And
we learn from the President’s message, that when a
body of adventurers had settled in Galveston, without
purchasing a right of the Uuited States, they were in
June 1818, warned to remove, ¢ because the whole terri- -
tory from the Sabine to the Rio Grande was vested in
the United States.”
In 1819, Texas was ceded to Spain in exchange for ‘
the Floridas. What was the houndary of Texas under
that session * The very words of the treaty, the un
derstandiug of both contracting partics, unanimous at
the time and ever afterwards, went to establish but one
boundary—the Rio Grande. During the whole nego
tiation, there was no more mention made of the Rio
Nueces than there was of the Rio Colorado. And our
own Sceretary of State, so late as July 1842, asserted,
“ that the treaty of 1819 confirmed to Spain the whole
territory from the Sabine to the Rio Grande.”
Mexico revolted from her mother country in the year
1821, and under the Federal constitution of 1824, Tex
as, with her neighbor Coahuila, was formed into one of
the States of the Mexican Union. She continued to
enjoy the blessings of a representative government for
cleven years, until Santa Anna had established a mili
tary despotism upon the ruins of the Mexican constitu
tion. Free Saxon blood was then running in the veins
of thousands of Texan emigrants, and the standard of
independence was boldly unfurled. Revolution, appar
ently hopeless, was proclaimed. But after a year of
varying war, after many cold-blooded massacres of
Texan prisoners, the battle of San Jacinto was fought.
Santa Auna himself was taken prisoner, and Texas
was from that hour “ free and independent.”
What was the boundary of Texas, as established by
her Revolation * It was the Rio Grande. We assert
that by treaty, by elaim, by occupation, and by the want
of claim or occupation on the part of Mexico, it was “
clearly the Rio Grande. The Nueces was never con
ceived of by either Texan or Mexican. Let us glance
at these grounds of claim in their order. !
In 1836, as a result of the battle of San Jacinto, a
solemn treaty was concluded between Texas and Santa
Anna, while yet a prisoner of war, by which Texas was
acknowled free and independent, and the Mexican for
ces stipulated to be withdrawn from her territory. The
boundary of Texas was by that treaty declared to be
the Rio Grande. 1
Buat it has been said, this treaty of 1836 was made by
Santa Anna while he was under duress; and therefore
could have no binding force upon himself or the Mexi
can government. We are willing to allow this objec
tion its full force. If the Mexican Government, or
Santa Anna himse!f had repudiated this treaty as soon
as they were in a condition to repudiate it, it might
have l;cen truly argued that no claims could be found
ed upon it. But, in fact, the treaty was sanctioned by
Mexico. Her army, according to the stipulations of
the treaty, immediately on the release of Santa Anna
from imprisonment, retrograded to the Southern bank
of the Rio Grande, and no claim was afterwards en
forced against her revolted provinces. Indeed, Mexico
repeatedly offered to acknowledge the independence of
Texas up to the Rio Grande, on condition that she re
mained unsubjected to the United States, or_any Euro
pean power. The treaty between Texas and Santa An
na remains, therefore, as far at least as regards the cs
tablishing a boundary between the two republics, in full
force and virtue. That boundary is the o Grande.
But the treaty of 1836, though solemnly made and
solemnly sanctioned by the Mexican Government, did
not constitute the whole of the claim which Texas had,
during her independence, to the Rio Grande as her
frontier. She has added thereto the right of claim and
occupation. From the establishment of her indepen
dence up to 1845, when she was annexed to the United
States, she constantly exercised the same acts of sover
eignty over the strip of territory between the Nueces
and the Rio Grande as she excercised over the other por
tions of her country. This so called disputed territo
ry was represented in she Texan Legislature—taxes
were gathered there—Customs were collected at Cor
pus Christi—the laws of the State were enforced there,
and the people acknowledged allegiance to them; nor
did she ever conceive that her title to this territory
was in any degree more doubtful than her title to the
valleys of the Sabine or the Colorado. As to the
Nueces, it was unmentioned, for she well knew that
her right was the right of Revolution alone, and ex
tended to the whole or none. .
Nor, on the other hand, did Mexico herself ever
pretend to- consider the Nueces as the true boundary
between the “two republics, Her troops were rangcd
along the Rio Grande. 'They were forbidden to pass
that river. Both Gen. Wool and Gen. Ampudia for
bade a Mexican soldier fro’m_passing the Rio Grande
under penalty of being treated as a deserter, And, fi
nally, when, as we remarked above, Mexico offered to
acknowledge the independence of Texas, she offered to
acknowledge it up to the Rio Ghrande. In short, as far
as we could ever learn, there is not i existence a single
l paragraph, either in the ]ongfinegOciutions between this
country and Mexico, or in those between Texas and
Mexico, which could lead any one to suppose that Mex
ico considered the Nueces the true houndary of her re
volted province. She has always claimed to the Sabine,
or if this cculd not be, her boundary was the Rio
Grande.
But the acuteness of Mexican advocates in Con
gress has denied that Texas ever, in point of fact, oo
cupied the country between the Nueces and the Rio
Grande. They have been forced to admit that she
had extended her jurisdiction over a portion of it—
namely, the portion near the Nueces and some miles to
the south of that river—but they say there still was
some few miles this side the Rio Grande which she
never was able to really occupy; and thercfore the
Rio Grande was not the actual boundary between the
two countries. Where, then, may I ask, would these
gentlemen establish the dividing line? It is not the
Rio Grande, because a handful of Spaniards happen
to live upon the North bank of it. Neither can it be
the Nueces, because thousands of Americans live south
of that rivcr. Where, then, is the boundary? Do
these men propose to spot out a line upon the chapparal?
The absurdity of the thing is manifcst. In the nature
of things, the boundary line between these two great
nations must be either the Nueces or the Rio Grande.
Reason must decide between them.
And, besides, can any one say that the mere fact of
a few strazgling Mexicans residing in Texan territory.
acknowledging Texan sovereignty, paying taxes to
Texas, having a right to vote in the affairs of the State
and finally not even setting up a claim that they held
the country as Mexican svbjects, destroys the strong ac
cupulated title of Texas up to the Rio Grande? llf
Texas had not a clear title to the disputed territory,
certainly Mexico has not the shadow of a title. :
From the scttlement of the valley of the Mississip
pi, then, up to the present day, only one boundary has
existed on the south-western frontier of Texas—the
Rio Grande. While the conntry was under the domin
ion of France, while it was under the oppressive rule
of Spain, while it was an integral portion of the Mex
ican Union, and while it was a free and independent
republic, the Rio Grande has always been its bounda
ry. and, therefore, the United States, when by act of
Congress they agreed to reccive her into the Union. |
were bound to assume and protect that lmund:n'y. <
Hickory.
, (To be continued.) 1
Commox Scnoor. CoNVENTION lIN PorTs-
MouTH.—A convention of the friends of Common
Schools met, agreeably to previous notice, in the
Temple, on Friday, the ¥th instant, at 2 o’clock
The convention was called to order by Tlsrael W.
Kimball, Esq., and ‘Rev. A. P Peabody was chosen
chairman, and Mbr. P. Nichols scceretary.
On motion of John Xnowlton, lisq., the conven
tion was opened with prayer by the chairman.
After the reading of a resolution offered by My,
T. G. Senter, which was nearly identical with the
second resolution reported for the evening session,
Prof. Haddock, School Commissioner for the State.
addressed the convention, and was followed by re
marks from Wm. Claggett, Esq., Rev. Silas Ilslev.
T. G. Senter, Esq., 1. W. Kimball, Esq., Hon. Icha
bod Bartlett and Hon. Samuel Cushman.
On motion of the lon. Ichabod Bartlett, the fol
lowing gentlemen were appointed a committee to
report resolutions for the evening session, viz : Rev.
A. I Peabody, Rev. Silas lisley, I W. Kimball,
Lsq., and J. W. Foster, Esq.
The convention adjourned until 7 o'clock, and
met again agreeable to adjournment.
Prof. Haddock delivered an excellent address on
the mmportance of our common schools sustaining a
high moral and religious character. :
The following resolutions, prepared by the com
mittee appointed for that purpose, were read and
adopted. Several of them were ably discussed by
Messrs. Payson, Toppan, Jenkins, Claggett, Cush
man, Foster, Bartlett, laddock and Young.
~ Resolved, That we rejoice in the appointment of
our state commissioner of common schools, that we
‘eratefully recognise the distinguished qualifications
of the present incumbent, and anticipate a large
‘measure of the most beneficial results from his la
bors in the cause of education. -
Resolved, That a great portion of the snceess at
tending the efforts of the teacker, however arduous
and well-directed they may be, ar¢ rendered nuga
gatory, for want of the co-operation and encourage
ment of parents; and that we can hope for only
limited improvement in our schools until children
are made to feel the influence and authority of pa
rents on their conduct in the school room as well as
at home.
Resolved, That it is the duty of parents to pre
vent truaney, and enforce the constant attendance
of their children at school.
Resolved, That diligent efforts ought to be made
by the municipal authorities, the school commit
mittees and all other citizens of our towns to pro
cure the attendance at school of our children of a
suitable age.
Resolved, That stated district meetings of teach
ers, parents, and the friends of education generally,
would conduce greatly to the improvement of our
common schools. |
Resolved, That we look with great favor and in- |
terest on the establishment of teachers’ institutes or |
other modes in which teachers may combine for
common or mutual instruction.
On motion of Hon. Ichabod Bartlett, a commit
tee of seven was appointed to report at a future
meeting a constitution, &e., for a town Common
School Convention for Portsmouth, viz: Messrs.
Bartlett, Knowlton, Young, dJenkins, Kimball,
Nichols and Haven.
On motion of Richard Jenuess, Esq., the chair
man was added to the committee.
The convention adjourned.
A. P. PEABODY, Chairman.
P. Nicuors, Secretary.
FROM THE GULF SQUADRON.
Lacuxa Tagkex.—U. 8. steamship Mississippi
arrived at Norfolk on Tuesday, from Anton Lizar
do Dec. 29. On the 20th Dec. Commodore Perry
with several vessels took possession of Laguna, and
destroyed all the enemy’s guns and munitions of
war found in the forts and the town. Com. Sands,
with two vessels, was left in charge ofl’ Alvarado.—
The Mississippi captured a Mexican schooner eall
ed Amelia, and sent her to New Orleans for sale
Purser Crosby was killed by falling from aloft on
board the Vixen. Com. Perry has arrived in
Washington. ‘
From Tamrrco.—Advices to the 30th ult. re
port everything (Auict. Bark Ivanona, from New
York, had arrived at Tampico with the company of’
artillery under Capt. Magrauder. They were atl
once marched to camp. I\i' Chase, former United
States consul, has been appointed collector of the
customs at Tampico. Trade and commerce were
very brisk. Great competition -exists among the
pilots, whose rates are now five dollars per foot in,
and four dollars out. There are two associations of
pilots, one Americans and the other Mexican.
Tur Suir Kate-ITunteEr.—This fine specimen
of naval workmanship, which sailed on Sunday for
Mobile, was built by Mr George Raynes of this
town, for Messrs. I. Goodwin and Wm. H. Parsons
of this town, and Geo. B. Cumming of Savannah—
to be commanded by Capt. Wm. 11. Parsons. She
is 151 feet 8-10ths in length, and 32 feet #-10thsin
breadth. Tonnage 731 28-95ths tons. She is built
from a new and improved model—for capacious
stowage and fast sailing,—and will not suffer by ex
amination in any clime by the side of the ships of
any nation. We feel pride in sending such mes
senfiers of the skill of our artisans around the
wolld.— Portsmouth Journal.
PorrsmouTH StEAM FAacTOorY.—Atthe recent
annual meeting the following gentlemen were elec
ted Directors for the present year: :
Ichabod Goodwin, Portsmouth ; Eliphalet Baker,
George Hill, Samuel F. Morse, Boston ; John Mar
land, Andover; John Knowlton, William . Jones,
Portsmouth. .
Treasurer—Walter Farnsworth, Bosten,
ADJOURNED MEETING.
The members of the DEMOCRATIC VIGILANCE
COMMITTEE of Portsmouth are reminded that their
mecting stands adjourned to THIS (Tuesday) EVEN
ING, at 7 o’clock, at the Piscataqua House.
The following gentlemen constitute the committee -—
Richard Jenness,
Thomas L. Pickering,
George Marden,
Samuel Spinuey,
Joseph B. Adams,
Andrew Sherburne,
Andrew B. Vennard,
William Stackpole,
Samuel Cushman,
Jolm S. Dodge,
Gideon . Rundlett,
NEWS FROM THE ARMY.
The news from the seat of war is very contra.
dictory. We publish the different accounts recejy
ed since our last.
The following important rumor was published in
the New Orleans Delta of Jan. 24 ; —
Capt. Brown, of the schooner Robert Mills,
which left the Brazos Dee. 27th, reports that he
‘was informed by Capt. Todd, of the U. S. Army,
‘that Santa Anna, at the head of 15,000 troops, was
on his way and within four days of Saltillo—and
‘that GGen. Worth, unable to maintain his ground
‘against such overwhelming numbers, was slowly
Afalling back in the direction of Monterey ; 4
that Gen. Taylor, in anticipation of an ntt:wl&
that city, was fortifying it at every assailable point.
It was also stated that Gen. Patterson, who was on
his march from Camargo to Tampico, being made
aware of the state of affairs, had countermarched
the division under his command, and was rapidly
advancing, by forced marches, for Mouterey.
From Mr. Fowler, a gentleman of this city, who
came passenger in the steam-propeller Virginia,
and who left Saltillo on the 17th ult., we have sub
sequently learned that previous to his leaving, Gen
Worth’s spies had come into camp and reported
that Santa Anna was within three or four days’
march of Saltillo, and rapidly advancing, at the
head of about 15,000 men. “Gen. Worth imme
diately sent an express to Gen. Taylor, which
reached him at Victoria at 11 o’clock, r. M., on the
17th; and at 3 o’clock A. »., the next day, Gen.
Taylor despatched two regiments, the Kentucky.
and Tennessee volunteers, to reinforce G
Worth at Saltillo, intending to follow himself, as
soon as possible, with all his disposable force.
Gen. Taylor felt confident of his being able to ar
rive at Saltillo before Santa Anna could reach
there. The whole force ot Gen. Taylor would
then amount to about 10,000 men, which he con
sidered suflicient to cope with any force that Santa
Anna could bring against him.
LaTEr—A letter in the Picayune of the sth,
dated Camargo, 19th December, 12 oclock at
night, fully confirms the reports that advices had
been expressed by General Worth from Saltilo, an
nouncing the march of a large Mexican force. The
letter details the facts. It was supposed by pa
sengers in the U. S. steamer Edith, which left Bra#®
zos Dee 30, and arrived at New Orleans, that the
threatened battle took place on Christmas day, by
which time Generals Taylor, Twiggs, Quitman,
Butler and Wool, and the Camargo troops, had
probably effected a junction with General Worth,
numbering in all 7000 men, with which to with
stand the Mexican force estimated at from 15,000
t 0 30,000. We think it, however, rather doubtful,
whether General Wool could have reached Saltil
o by Dec. 25, from Parras, 90 miles or more.
Should he not have done so, and Santa Anna have
made the anticipated attack. the small army of
Wool may have come up in the very nick of time
1o give the coup de grace to che repualsed and baf
fled enemy. . ; Q
The N. O. Courier does not think the reported
advance of Sania Anna by any means certain, and
has no fears for the result, it it be the case. e
has no strong place to fall back upon, whereas, if
defeated, our troops can retire to Monterey and
await reinforcement.
| At Matamoras, where fears were entertained of
{what Canales might do, Col. (lark had called on
| the citizens to enrol themselves for service, and at
i Brazos General Jesup had done the same thing.
{ Both points were deficient in arms and men.
q Gen. Scott arrived at the Brazos on the 28th
| ult., and procecded to the mouth of the Rio Grande
| on the following day, where he was waiting the ar
| rival of horses belonging to the regiment of mount
| ed riflemen, to enable him to go on to Camargo.
l It seems that on the 25th December, Gen Jesup
wrote from Brazos St. Jago to the quartermaster’s,
| bureau, Washington, saying that he considered the
{ report of Santa Anna’s advance and Worth’s fall -
{ ing back as “mere gossip;” and in another letter,
written on the 25th, he did not even mention the
subject.
A letter dated Anton Lizardo, Dee. 22, says the
. prevalent opinion at Vera Cruz was that Santa
5 Anna intended to march from San Luis to the cap
ital, and strike for a dictatorship. It is not very
! improbable, however, that he had thrown forward
troops toward, Saltillo, and himself gone back to
Mexico.
A Mexican who arrived at Saltillo from San Lu
is on the 12th December reported that Santa Anna
had left that place for the capital.
~ The Picayune of Jan. sth is tolerably certain
‘that the Mexican congress had not acted at all on
the U. S. overtures for peace.
StiLL LATER.—The steamship Alabama from*
Brazos, 3d inst., arr. at New Orleans on the 6th,
with intelligence from the seat of war. The ap
proach of Santa Anna upon Saltillo is not confirm
ed. Gen. Wool’s division had joined Worth’s at
that place. Gen. Butler had also reached there, as
had Twizgs and Quitman. Gen. Taylor had re
turned to Monterey with the troops which he start
ed with from that place, but had again left for Vie
toria. '
Dates from Matamoras are to Jan. 1. Various
rumors had prevailed there.
General Scott and staff had left two days previ
ous in haste for Camargo. Going up the river they
met a steamer with the mail bringing intelligence
that part of the corps of observation belonging to
Santa Anna’s army had been seen near Parras,
where Gen. Wool’s army was formerly encamped.
Gen. Patterson’s division had crossed the river at
San Fernando five days previous, and would soon
reach Victoria, its destination. When Patterson
reaches Victoria all the passes to San Luis will be
shut up. :
The remains of Watson, Ridgeley and others,
Baltimoreans, arrived at New Orleans in the Ala
bama. Lieut. Poyle, of Washington, died on the
passage. Gen. Jesup and staff, and 240 sick and
discharged soldiers came passengers in the Alaba
ma.
Further Mexican news was also received by this
arrival. General Santa Annais declared by the
new congress duly elected president of the reEub
lic of Mexico. No direct action appears to have
been had upon the subject of the war by the Mexi
can Congress. The Mexican papers convey the
impression that San Luis is to be the great battle
ground of the war.
Ofticial Mexican accounts have been received of
events at Los Angelos, on the Pacifie. In the ac
tion of the 24th Sept. at that place, 27 Americans
were made prisoners, and 3 woundéd ; one Mexican
was killed, but no Americans. The conquerors
then laid seige to the city of Angels; and on the
30th of Sept. the sown capitulated to ¥lores. The
terms of surrender are drawn up with as much de
liberation as those of Monterey, and are detailed at
length in the New Orleans papers.
Tine New Army Binrn.—~We learn from a reli
able source that in case the bill now before Con-~
gress, increasing the arm{ and appointing new of
ficers, should become a law, it 1s the intention of
the President not to appoint officers and send them
out to recruit : but that if a gentleman should ap
ply to him for a commission, he will say to him
“ Raise a company to serve during. the war, and
then offer yourself ‘and company, and T will com
mission you .and your officers.” This is, undoubt
edly, the best course to pursue, and will reuder the
success of the bill more certain, whilst no idle com
missions will bo_ held by parties who value them
move for their pecumary worth than as a means of
displaying their patriotisn in the service of thewr -
country.—Baltimore Sun. . e
Samuel W, Moses,
Benj. F. Mellntire,
Moses H. Goodrich,
Albert R. Hatch,
Charles H. Cofiin,
John 8. Locke,
Levi Moses, -
Augustus Jenking) @
Josiah G. Hadley,
William B. Russell,
Jan. 19, 1847,