Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume], April 18, 1850, Image 2

About Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883

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VERMONT WATCHMAN & STATE JOURNAL, APRIL 18, 1850.
I am acquainted with a drover rha left Cali
fornia in December last, with the intention of
bringing in ten thousand sheep from New-Nejci-co.
This aliows that the docks and herds east
tfUie Rocky Mountains are looked to already
"os the source from which the market on the Pa
cific arc to be supplied.
The cliniito and soil of California are well
suited to lha growth or wheat, barley, rye and
oat. The temperature along the coast is too
tool lor the successful culture of maize, as a
field crop. The iact that oats, the species which
is cultivated in the Atlantic States, are annually
eelf-sowed and produced on all tho plains and
hills along lha coast, and as far inland as the
sea-breeze has a marked influence on the cli
mate, is sufficient proof that all the cereal cra ms
way be successfully cultivated without the aid of
irrigation.
It is quito trua that this auxiliary was exten
Bively employed at the missions, and undoubted
y increased the product of all crops to which it
was anolicd. as it will in biiv ennntrv nn earth
if sVill fully used. This docs not (.rove, howev
er, that it was essentially necessary to the produc
tion ot an ample reward to the husbandp.ian.
The experience of all the old inhabitants is suf
ficient evidence of this. If their imperfect
mode ol culture secured satisfactory returns, it
is reasonable to presume that a mnre perfect sys
tem would produce much greater results. There
is abundant evidence to prove that, in the rich
Alluvial valleys, wheat and barley have produced
from forty to sixty bushels from one bushel of
eed, tcuhoul irrigation.
Irish potatoes, turnip3, onions, in fact all the
edible roots known anil cultivated in the Atlan
tic States, are produced in great perfection. In
all the vallevs east of the coast range of hills the
climate is sufficiently warm to mature crops of
Indian corn, nee, and probably tobacco.
The cultivation of the grape has attracted
much attention at toe missions, among the rest
dents of towns, and the rural population, and
been attended wilh much success, wherever it
has been attempted. The dry season secures
the fruit froai those diseases which are so com
mon IP. the Atlantic Slates, aud it attains very
treat perfection.
The wine made from it is of excellent quality,
very palatable, and can be produced in any
quantity. The ranes are delicious, and produc
ed with very little labor. When taken from the
vines in bunches and suspended in a dry room.
by the stems, they become partially dry, retain
their flavor, and remain several weeks, perhaps
months, without decay.
Apples, pears and peaches are cultivated with
facility, and ihere is no reason to doubt that all
the fruits of tho Atlantic States can bo produced
in prcat plenty and perfection.
The gtasacs are very luxuriant and nutritious,
affording excellent pasture. The oats, which
pring up the whole length of the sea coast, and
from t'oity to sixty miles inland, render the cul
tivation of that crop entirely unnecessary, and
jield a very great quantity of mnricimis food
for horse, cattle and sheep. The dry season
waluies, and I may say, cures these grasses and
oats, ao that they remain in an excellent state of
preservation during the Summer and Autumn,
and afford an ample supply of forage. While
the whole surface of tne country appears parch
ed, and vegetation destroyed, the numerous
flocks and herds which roam over it continue in
excellent condition.
Although the mildness of the winter months
and the fertility of the son secure to California
very decided agricultural advantages, it is ad
milted that irrigation would be of very great
importance, and necessarily increase the pro
ducts of the soil in dry seasons. It should there-j
fore be encouraged by Government, in the sur
vey and disposition of the public lands as far as
practicable.
The firmer derives some very important benc
h's from the dry reason. His crops in harvest
time are never injured by rain; he can with per
il ct confidence, permit them to remain in his
field as long after they have been gathered as
his convenience may require; he has no fears
that they will be injured by wet or unfavorable
weather. Hence it is that many who have long
been accustomed to that climate, prefer it to the
changeable weather cast of the Rocky Moun
tains. As already stated, the forests of California,
south of latitude 39", and west of the foot-hills
of tho Sierra Nevada, are limited to detached,
scattering giuves of oak in the valleys, and of
red-wood on the ridges and on the gorges of the
hills.
It can bo of no practical use to speculate on
the causes which havo denuded so large an ex
tent ol country, further than to ascertain wheth
er Ihe soil is or is not favorable to the growth of
forest trees.
When the dry season sets in, the entire sur
faco is covered wilh a luxuriant growth of grass
and oats, which, as the summer advances, be
comes nerftctlv dry. The remains of all dead
irees and shrubs also become dry. These ma
terials, therefore, are very combustible, and us
ually take fire in the latter part of summer and
beginning of Autumn, which commonly passes
over the whole country, destroying in its course,
the young shrubs and trees. In fact, it seems
to be the process which seems to have destroyed
or prevented the growth of forest trees on the
prairies of tho Western States, and not any
aualitv in the suil unfriendly to their growth.
The absence of timber and the continuance of
the dry season are apt to be regarded by farm-
era, on first going into the country, as irremedi
able delects, and as presenting obstacles almost
insurmountable to the successful progress of ag
riculture. A little experience will modify these
opinions.
It is soon ascertained that the soil will pro
duce abundantly wi'hout manure; that flocks
and herds sustain themselves through the winter
without being fed at the farm-yard, and, conse
quently, no labor is necessary to provide forage
lor them: that ditches are easily dug, which
present very good barriers for the protection ot
crops, until live fences can be planled.and have
time to grow. Forest trees may be planted with
little labor, and in ery few years attain a suffi
cient size for building and fencing purposes.
Time may be uselully employed in sowing vari
ous pram and root crops, during the wet or win
ter season. There is no weather cold enough to
destroy root crops, and, therefore, it w not ntccs
nary to gather them. They can be sold from the
field where they grow. The labor, therefore,
required in most ot the old States to fell the for
ests, clear the lands of rubbish, and prcpate it
:cr teed, may here be applied to other objects.
All these things, together with the perfect se
curity of all crops, xn harvest time, from injury oy
trtt mother, are probably sufficient to meet any
expense which may be incurred in irrigation, or
caused lor a time oy a scanty supply ol timber.
In the northern part of the territory, above lat
itude 39", and on the hills, which rise from the
"rial plain of tne Sacramento and San Joanum
to the loot of the Sierra Nevada, the forests of
timber are beautiful and extensive, and would,
if brought into U6e, be sufficiently productive to
eupplv the wants of tho southern and western
portions of the State.
I have spoken of the agricultural products and
resources of the country, without reference to
the remarkable slate of tilings caused by the
discovery of gold, winch, it is probable, will
oostoonc lor an indefinite tune ail cllorts to im
prove the foil. As long as laborers can earn
fifteen dollars or more psr day in collecting gold.
they can very well afford to import their supplies
from countries where the wages of labor are not
more than fifty cents to one dollar per day. It
is not, therefore, to bo supposed that the soil
will bo cultivated more than the production of
vegetables, fruits, and other articles so perisha
ble in their nature that they cannot be brought
from a great distance, will require.
To secure .this important market for tho pro
ducts and manutactures of the Stales East of the
Rocky Mountains u undoubtedly an object of
the greatest importance. It will be considered
in its proper place.
FCBLIC BOUMX.
Tho extent and value of the public lands, suit
able fc- sjncullural purposes in California, cau
not be ascertained with any degreeof accuracy
,urtil some very impojtact preliminary questions
hall iiave been settled. , .
It is nrt known whether the Jesuits who
founded tte mission, or their successors, the
Franciscans, ever did, or do now hold any title
from the Spanish crown to the lands which they
occupied. Nor has any investigation been made
,o ascertain how far those titles, it they erar ex
isted, have been uiralicated by the sets of the
priests, or the decrees of tha Mexican govern
ment.
A superficial view of the matter would be very
apt to lead to the supposition that the Jesuits, so
celebrated for wisdom and cunning, would not
tan to secure that which, at thai time, would
probably have been obtained by merely asking
for it a royal decree, granting to them all the
lands they might require in that remote country
for ecclesiastical purposes. There have been
some intimations to that effect, but nothing is
distinctly known. These missions embrace with
in tbeir limits some of the most valuable lands in
the Territory, and it is very important that it
should be ascertained whether they belongtotne
Government, or may justly be claimed by indi
viduals. Most of the land fit for cultivation south of lat
itude 39 3 . and west nfihn valiev of the Sacra-
memo and San Joaquin, is claimed under, what
purpart to be, grants from the Menem Govern
ment.
On most of these grants the minerals and met
als are reserved to the Government conditions
were coupled with many of them which have not
teen complied wilh. In other.-, te uouimaura
described embrace two or three times as much
land as the grant conveys.
The Mexican law required all grants made by
the Provisional Government, with few excep
tions, to be confirmed, by the Supreme Govern
ment. Tim n-reat distance which separated
them, and the unlrrquent or difficult means of
communication, mauc a compliance mui mu
so expensive aad tardy, that it came to be almost
disregarded.
There were other causes wnicn lea 10 mis
neglect
Previous to the trcity with Mexico and the
immigraiion of American citizen to that coun
try, land was not regarded as of much value
except far grazing purpose. There was room
enough for all. Therefore the claimants or pro
prietors did not molest each other, or inquire in
to the validity of titles.
These extensive grants are described by natu
ral boundaries, such as mountains, bays and
promontories, which, in many instances, might
allow of a variation of 6cver.il miles in the es
tablishment of a corner with chain and compass.
Bv the treaty ofGuadalupe llid.ilgu, the Uni
ted States purchased all the rights and interests
of .Mexico M and in California. This purchase
not only embraced all the lands which had nol
been granted bv Mexico, hut all the reserved
minerals and metals, and also tho revisionary
right which ni'ght accrue to .Mexico from a
want of compliance on the part ot the grantees
wilh the conditions of their grants, or a leant oj
tirrtrrlinn ill the. Tyrants.
It will be perceived that this is a subject of
very great impoitiuce. not only to tne people ol
California, but to the United States, and calls fur
prompt and efficient action on the part of the
Government. It is believed that the appoint
ment of competent Commissioner.-!, fully empow
ered to investigate the-e titles, in a spirit of
kindness toward the claimants, with power to
confirm such titles as justice may teem to de
mand, or with instructions to report iheir pro
ceedings and award-) to Congress, fir confirma
tion or rejection, w ill be the best and peihips the
only satisfactory mode of adjusting this complex
and difficult question.
The lanes in the northern pan oi uic l errua
ry, above the 3J c, havo not been explored or
granted, iliey are ptippnseu in rauure an
rca of about twenty million of acres, a large pir
tmn of which is doubtless valuable fjr its timber
and soil.
Comparatively few irrat.ts luve been obtained
in the great valley of the Sacramento and SanJo
arp.in. This vast tract, therelore.c outainmg, as
is estimated, from 12 to 15 inill.ons ff acres, be
longs mostly to the Government. South of this
valley, and west of the Colorado, nithin the lim
its of California, as indicated in her Constitution,
there aie said to be extensive tracts ol valuable
unappropriated Und, and on investigation it will
probably appear that there are many of them in
detached bodies, which have not been granted.
I do not speak of the gold region, embracing
the entire foot-hills i.f the S.crra NevaJa, some
500 miles long and GO miles broad, in connexior
with the public domnn, which may be embraced
in the general land syslcm.for sale and settle
ment, lor reasons which will be hereafter assign
ed. The survey of thu Public Linda on n system
suited to the interests of the country is a matter
of very great importance. In the inhabited por
tions of the terniory the boundaries of .Mexican
grants, running as they do m all direction, will
render the system of surveys hy parallels of lati
tude and longitude quite impracticable.
In all parts ot the country irrigation is denia
ble and its benefits should be secured as fir as
possible by suitabb; surveys and legal regula
tions. Most of the i alleys are watered by streams j
sufficiently large to be tendered very useful. It
would, therefore, seem wise to hy olf the land in
conformity to the course of the hills and streams
which bound and dram the valleys.
A system of drainage, whieh would also se
cure irrigation, is absolutely necessary t givo
value to the great plains ul the Sacramento and
San Joaquin. This valley is so extensive and
level, that if the rivers passing tnrougli it "ere
never to overflow theirbauks,the rain which falL
in Winter would render a greater portion ol it
unfit lor cultivation. The tLtindatiun of such n
system can only be established in thesurvey and
sale of the land.
This can be done hy laying out canals and
drains at suitable distances, mid tn proper aircc
tions,and leaving tcide margins to the rivers, that
thnj may hace plenty of room to increase their
clianntls iclicn thtir iraters shall be corjined icilhin
them by embankments.
It would be well alsi to regulate tne price oi
these lauds so as to meet, in tome degne, the
cxpen.-c of draining them.
This 6yslem woutc, wncn agriculture snan ue-
come a pursuit in cainornia, make mis vauey
one uf the most beautiful and productive portions
ot the Union.
(Concluded nezl iceek-)
California appears to be able to take care of
herself, and to have less to apprehend trom the
refusal ot Congress to receive her into the Un
ion than we by rejecting her. She is going on
very well, and very independently, and if we are
wise, we will nol Keep her long Knocking at our
door Tor admission.
The following arc the salaries appointed for
the State officers by the Ccncral Assembly :
Governor SIO.000
Secretary of Stito 7,000
Comptroller ol Slate B.UUU
Treasurer of State a000
Attorney General 7,000
Surveyor General 7,000
Chief Justice and each Associate Justice 10,000
Cach District Attorney 2,000
Stale Translator " 8 000
Governor's Private Secretary JjGOO
A .Veie am Beautiful ITare. We were shown
on Saturday a new ware, which for beauty of
finish and durability, is not surpassed by any
thing of the kind within our knowleJge, impor
ted or domestic. Ii comes from the Bennington
(Veimont) Flint Enamel Wate Wgrks, and is
composed entirely of mineral substances, with
out a particle of clay. It is thus rendered very
strong and is fire proof, two very important qual
ities with housekeepers. lis beauty of finish
and smoothness of surface is fully equal to the
best China or Porcleain yet known. In addition
to all these essential qualities, strength, durabil
ity and beauty, it is said to be afforded at lower
prices than similar articles of clay ware. Its
uses are not confined to the usual crockery ware,
but the inventors make from it door-knobs, da
guerreotype frames, fancy brackets, letters for
signboards, figures for numbering, and almost
everything of the sort. Tne right to manufac
ture it has been patented, and the ware will
probably soon be brought into the market.
Philadelphia Ledger.
Ohio Wheal Crop. Farmers, from wheat crow-
ing counties are in great glee at the prospect of
an oia lasmonea crop oi wneat. it never look
ed better, say they. For two years the crop had
been a failure, and the farmers were getting dis
couraged. They now feel quite sure of a great
yield. Cleveland Plaindealer.
055 Eleven Camels were imported into Balti
more last week from the Canary Islands. They
are intended for the Far West, to teat whether
they can be raised and acclimated.
IDotcijman & State 3fonrnal
E. P. WALTON, JR., EDITOR.
Thursday, April 18,1830.
To our Subscribers.
W- thank those who have heeded our calls
and squared accounts: and now for a fair and
important notice to those who are in arrear. On
the BOTH OF APRIL NEXT we shall erase
from our direction books the names of all sub
scribers who are in arrear for mere than two
years, and proceed to collect the amount due
from them. If any can p3y without trouble,
they have no excuse ; it any ici'l not pay except
upon compulsion, duty to ourselves requires us
to compel them; and if any really cannot pay,
it is lime for us to slop furnishing papers with
out compensation. Nor is this course for our
advantage only: it is really for the advantage
also of all w hose accounts are running up faster
than they are aware of, and will prove a serious
difficulty to them if suffered to go on. We are
anxious to settle every case without recourse to
the lawyer: but old accounts mujf be settled.
' The Senate on the Slave Ques
tion. The action of the Senate, and in it, tho la3t
week, is of a melancholy character indicating
thai a bare majority of that body is in favor ot
making the establishment of two or three tciri
torial govcrninen's icilhout thr Proviso, a condi
tion without which California is to be rejected.
If this is successful, California will come in as
a free ttate, and as an offset two or three territo
ries are to be formed, which may nnJ tcW, we
fear, become slave s'ates Mr. Webster's doc
trine of the laws ot God and Nature to the con
trary notwithstanding. He may think it pious
and safa to reject the proviso, and rely upon tin
divine and natural laws in New Mexico to keep
out slavciy : but we believe that is a very great
blunder we believe that piety and safety lie in
the act of obedience to these divine and natural
laws, and that obedience is required of every per
son of every officer of the government, ot
the government ils If. Will it be obedience in
the government to refrain fiom carrjing slaves
into these territories, ani yet not to parent its
members, who arn threatening that they can and
will vio'ate all law of Mexico? Wo think
not: and should it turn out that one inch of the
free soil of New Mexico becomes coutaminatid
by slavery, through the dropping ol" ihe Proviso,
that fact will prove, as to Mr. Webster, that
" the line gold has become dim."'
As to the actum of the Senate : the votes all
look favorable to Foote's committee of compro
mise. As to the events in the Senile: Mr. Cass
began the neck by presentingihe resolutions ol
Michigan, rescinding the instructions on slavery
and Ihe If'ilnwt Proviso! This tuachcry to Free
dom we have thought would not be perpetrated.
But who can tell Ihe breadth aud depth of the
corruption of locofocoism und coalitionism (or
had nol both caved in" in Michigan, these in
structions never could have been rescinded.
Mr. Webster favored Foote's committee : ho
can reconcile this with his previous declarations,
only by saying that divine and natural laws ut
terly lorbid the notion thai the committee can do
any thing.
Mr. Clay exhibited a temper which pains old
and strong friends, in the threat to movo amend
ments which shail compel the Senate to consider
the territorial question and the California ques
tion as a compromise.
Mr. Benton showed temper, too but ou Ihe
right side.
Gentlemen in Congress! just so sure as you
reject the temperate, just, peaceful, and there
fore most sagacious plan of President Taylor
and the administration oil ibis subject, immense
mischief will ensue.
Gold! Gold!!
The two sieimers thai reached New York
last week fiom Clngres brought two millions
and a half of gold from California. This is a
pn-tty good lift, for one day, towards relieving
the money market: but the gold news is more
buoyant still. According to the accounts of the
newspapers (for which we are indebted to tun
dry friends in Califo'iiia,) gold i3 now got in
some diggings in quantities far outstripping the
most foitunatc placers heretofore. We juntas
the stories are ttrainc-d a little ; perhaps the gold
is not accurately weighed ; and ptrhips specu
lators would like to restore extravagant prices
in California by stimulating emigration. There
can be no doubt, however, tint gold will be got
to a very large amount this year. The floods
have washed down new deposits in old beds, and
new beds arc discovered. The amount mined
is also to be increased this year by improved
modes of working. According to the rcpoit of
Mr. King(hich we have commenced publishing
this week,) and to the statements of Mr. Wright
(member of Congress elect from California,)
there are vast deposits of gold in quartz, which
will ere long be worked hy machineiy and sep
arated chemically. On the whole, the prospect
is certainly flattering for a large increase to the
cash capital of the country, for which, however,
immense sacrifices will be made in the property
and lives cf emigrants.
A'oble. Theie have been eight trials in the
Charlestown district, Mass, to elect n Member
of Congress. The Hun. Benj. Thompson (the
Whig candidate,) leads ; but he is more anxious
to have the district represented at this crisis
than he is to be elected himself, and he has
therefore declined, for the purpose of enabling
the patties to agree upon a new man who can
be elected. The Atlas says that tho Hon. Sam
uel Hoar of Concord is suggested. He was the
agent of Massachusetts, repudiated by South
Caiolina a Whig, up to the nomination of Gen.
Taylor, whom he thought ho could not support1
but we know Mr. II. to be a man who never
would countenance factious opposition to the
administration who would support it in every
goc-d work, and we would be well contented
willi his election.
The .brlh British Review. Tho February
number of this able and valuable review has
been published by Leonard Scott & Co., New
York. It contains a review of Hugh Miller's
" Foot prints of Creation" a book which con
cljsively refutes, on geological giounds, the
"development theory" found in tho late inge
nious and mischievous book entitled lha " Ves
tiges of Creation."
Musical Huntington & Savage, New York,
are publishing " The American Musical Review
and Choir Singers' Companion," edited by J. B.
Woodbury. We commend it to choristers and
choir singers.
LitteU's Living Age.
See advertisement. The "Age" is the only
thing of the kind published in this country, and
is eminently worthy of favor.
(XT5 The receipts of gold at the Mint, Phila
delphia, and the branch at New Orleans, since
the first arrival from California, including re
ceipts per Cherokee, are estimated at 813,875,
152. The coinageat the Philadelphia Mint for
the month of January was $890,495 ; ditto for
February $1,160,585; ditto for March $I,80G,
202. Of the amount coined in March, over
$600,000 was in double eagles.
" Phrenology and the Scriptures," is the title of
a lecture by Rev. John Tierpoint, just published
by Fowlers & Wells, New York. The lecturer
ingeniously argues to show remarkable corres
pondences between sundry doctrines (according
to his interpretation) of the apostles and phrenology.
fjy'Sickness has precluded the editor almost
entirely from editorial duties this week.
Byrne's Dictionary of Mechanics and Engin
eering. No. 7 is published a large part of
which is devoted to corn-mills.
fp The Tribune comes to us on an enlarg
ed sheet and printed on ne-v type. May its
shadow never be less. Atlas.
Ditto to the Atlas.
QMessrs. Gill &. Thompson's Mexican Pan
orama, will be, exhibited this evening, for the
last lime in this village. We have seen the
principal Panoramic and Dioramic spectacles
that have lech exhibited in the cities, but we
have seen none suporior to this. The painting,
notwithstanding ils immense size, is nol a cheap
daub, as ome might imagine, but a superior
work of art, fitted to give pleasure to the most
cultivated mind. The aficr-pieces are very di
verting f erformancci", and cannot fall tcuiinure
not only "juveniles," but all who love a hearty
laugh. Allojether, we have seldom had a
chance In witness a more pleasing exluhilion, or
one that h less exceptionable Burlington Dai
ly Srnlintt.
The Panorama will probably be exhibited in
Montpehcr this week.
New-Mexico in Danger.
The Connecticut darlings who, from pure de
votion to Free Soil, helped Locofocoism to three
Members of the present Congress and thus .Mr.
Cobb into the Speakership, have a fresh triumph
to rejoice over in the Report of Linn Bod and
his pro-Slavery majority of the House Commit
tee on Territories against the recognition of Air.
Hush N. Smith as Delegate from the Territory
of New Mexico, on the naked ground of ihe
claim of Texas to the belter portion of that ter
ritory, fllr. Wiutlirops Whig Committee last
winter reported in yiro of organizing New
Mexico with her ancient and rightful boundaries,
limilin Texas to the region South of tint Ter
ritory as of old, overrulniff without ceremony the
trumpery claim tf Houston &. Co. to represent
the people of Santa Fe and Taos in Congress ;
but Mr Cobb's Committee declares it inerpedient
to allow the Delegate unquestionably ches n by
the New Mcx cans a seat (without a vote) in the
House, because Tc.as c'aims dominion over
them. They detest and tepcl her claim; she
has never made a show of enforcing it; they
never voted in her elections and have had no
part in framing her Constitution, some features
whereof are especially loathsome to her, and yet
are so clasped and riveted that no majority of
her people has power to annul them. 'J o refuse
to recognize -Mr. Smith as her Delegate on the
pretext here set up is to betray New .Mexico in
to the power ol her enslavers, so firas Congress
can do it. And, whether th.s result shall be at
tained or not, Connecticut's exclusive FrceSoil
crs have most effectually promoted it.
This Report of Mr. Lmn Boyd against the ve
ry existence of New Mexico is made the special
order for the 2yth inst. The vote upon it will
show who are in fivor of maintaining Freedom
where it now exists and who are in favor of sub
jugating it und establishing Slavery in its stead.
iMcn who uttim Free Soil ! let n events of such
a nature and magnitude escape your keenest ob
servation l.Y. 1'. Tribuue.
Fearful Accident to the Norwich
Steamboat Train.
.'.fiV'ici'.'oui 1'scape oj One Hundred Passen
gers. At about cigl-t o'clock on Monday even
ing, as the New York train from Boston, upon
the Norwich and Worcester Railroad, was ap
proaching Fisherville, about four miles the other
side of Webster, they came to a bridge known
as Ma-on's bridge, winch crosses a small facto
ry stream. As il.o e.iEincer, Mr. Jo'in liyde,
touched the bridge, he felt it sweive, and imme
diately putting on a full head ol steam, attempt
ed to cross. Just as the locomotive reached
the other side the bridge gave way. The en
gine broke trom the tender and remained upon
the track ; the tender and crte-cir also cleared
the bridge, but were thrown from the track,
tearing off a rail, which went through the craio
car and one of the crates. The second cl is?
car broke in two pieces, and one p irlion fell in
to tho river. The next car (lull of passengers)
dropped duwn with the bridge, but did notnach
tho water, ihe timbers of the bridge supporting
it. The third i ar was thrown upon one end,
and all tin" seats but three broken. The car
was full of passengers, who suddenly found
themselves thrown ioK a heap at une corner of
the car. To add to the contusion the car took
firo from the stove, but fortunately the lire was
promptly extinguished. Tho ularnfof the pas
sengers at this moment, can bo better imagined
than described. Alter some order had been re
stored, and time given to luok about, it was foi.nd
that not a passenger lud a bone broken. As near
as can bo ascertained, there were about one hun
dred passengers on board the train, ot whom
Mty-three. from New Hampshire and Vermont,
bound to Cdlitorma, came over IheiNashua road.
and took tho train at Worcester. At about 12
o'cluck, nearly the whole of the passengers, their
baggage having been translerred across the
river, proceeded on their journey to New York.
some of them with slight bruises, but n.ost of
them barring their (right, in as good condition
as when they started from Worcester. The only
person killed was a brakcinan, named John Gal
lagan. He was standing upon the platform at
the time of the disaster, and was probably struck
by timbers en the head aud in the abdomen.
A pastengcr who was also standing upon the
platform escaped without a bruise. Another
lirdkeman named John Morun was badly bruised
and cut, and it was feared, at last accounts, he
would bleed to death. His nose was partially
severed from his face. The conductor of the
train, Mr. W. Richardson, was considerably
bruised, but was able to keep his feet until the
extent of the disaster was ascertained, when he
was taken to Websier. The bridge in question
wad about sixty feet long, and about ten feet
from tho water, which is at present eight feet
deep. The engineer has orders not to run fast
across the budge, and it was only when ha felt
the bridge going, that he put on steam, and went
across. The accident caused considerable de
tention to trains, and the steamboat train from
New York, via Norwich, had not reached this
city at one o'clock. The officers of the road are
at the scene of the disaster, making every exer
tion to clear off the wreck of the broken cars.
As to the causes ol the accident, which has thus
hazarded the lives of over one hundred human
beings, and caused the death of at least one,
nothing can be said with certainty, at present
It is hoped that a thorough investigation will be
made, and the danger ot recurrence of a similar
event most rigidly guarded against for the future.
Boston Traveller.
Late dates from Hayti state that ao American
captain had been seized by Soulouque for causa
unknown and imprisoned. The American con
sul applied for his release, but Soulouque told
him ho would cut off his head if he persisted in
his demands. The Consul finally bribed the
guards, and the captain escaped. Whereupon
Soulouque threw the Consul into prison. Two
American ships of war had cone up to Cane
Hajtien. r "
CONGRESS.
Mo.xdit, April 8.
Senate Petitions being in order, Mr. Benton
presented one fiom the citizens ofSan Diego, for
a separate collection district for southern Califor
nia, and warmly advocated its reception. A pe
tition was nrcsented from the Colonization Soci
ety, for recognition of Liberia os a Republic. Mr.
Cnss presented a petition from the officers of the
Army in Oregon for relief.
On motion of Mr. Dickinson the deficiency
bill was taken up. The Chair, however, decided
that Mr. Benton was entitled to the floor, on the
slavery question, which he took, and concluded
his remarks.
He commenced by warmly and vehemently
advocating the admission of California as a sep
a rate measure. She stood on a footing entirely
different from other territories, and it was entire
ly incongruous and disrespectful to join other
measures w iui tier admission as a oiaie.
He replied to the remarks of Mr. Clay, made
on Friday, which had induced him to speak. He
complimented that Senator fur his open and man
ly avowal. He considered it would do good,
though he differed from him. The votes of the
two Homes were mor' valuable to the country
than all the compromises of a committee. He
would never iro lor a compromise.
Mr Clay replied. He was sorry that ho dif
fered Irumthe Senator trom .Missouri, tte was
not in favor of connect!!!" the fugitive slave, and
other questions, with ihe admission of Califor
nia. Ho would refer to a committee only three
propositions- the admission of California, the
establishment of territorial governments, and the
boundaries oflexas. If the admission of Cali
fornia was provided for in a separate bill, these
measures would bo attached to it by amend
ments. They were connected and not incon
gruous. There was no danger of California es
tablishing an independent government. If the
California bill was acted upon separate, the Sen
ate would find that all parliamentary measures
would be taken to delay it.
Mr. Benton here said that he would give no
committee jurisdiction on the abolition ques
lion. Mr. Foote explained. The commillcc, he said,
could report separate bills.
.Mr. Douglass wanted the vote taken, and
therefore moved the resolutions for a coinnii'tee
be laid upon the table, and that they consider
the bill for the admission of California as a
Stale. He wanted something practical.
.Mr. Cas3 explained briefly. Ho fully agreed
with Mr. Clay, and added that a committee could
to no harm, and was one more way ol settle
ment. He considered the debate about separat-
ii" bilis was irrevelant there was tune enough
fur that when the committee should have report
ed. Mr. Hale said that there was no necessity or
propriety in refusing admission la California,
since all agreed that she would be admitted.
He said he was notso sure but what many wc; I
opposed.
Mr. Smith followed, and stated that he was
opposed to a territorial bill, and should vole a
gainst it.
Mr. Foote opposed Douglass' motion fora test
vo'e at the present time, at many Senators were
abseil', and moved that the suoject be postponed
until Thuisday, with the understanding that the
deb He should then close.
.Mr. Bradbury said that he wanted to speak.
The subject was postponed.
Mr. Dickinson said that tomorrow he would
call up the deficiency bill. Alter an executive
session, the Senate adjourned.
House. The Judiciary committee reported
the Census bill, which was made the order of
ihe day fur Tl.tir.-d iv.
Mr. Vinton olTeied a joint resolution, second
ing Henry Grinncll's propositions for vessels
with Naval officers to search for Sir John Frank
lin. The Home went into com niltee of the whole
and took up the California bill.
Jlr. Wallace spoke warmly against the ad
mission of California, and charged the people of
that Stale with being usurpers; compared them
to a band of robl.crs, and denied their right uf
sovereignty. 1 he t rco sm'ers contemplated
tha ultimate abolition of slavery throughout the
States. He charged the President wilh the de
sign lo put down the minority by force of arms.
Ho warned tho S-iuth that the lime for united
resistance had come.
Mr. Johnson of Ky. followed. He admitted
the sovereignty of California, but not ready
for her ndmisnon. The Territorial q iestion
must he first settled.
.Mr. Adams, of Tcnn., obtained the floor, and
ihe committee rose.
Mr. Conner moveil a suspension of the rules,
for the purpose c' allowing him to introduce res
olutions for the abolition of the fr.inking privi
lege, and in favor of cheap post tge, pending
whieh the House adjourned.
The speeches in Congress on Tuesday were
ofthe usual mder. The Senate, however, iui
proved. They devoted a sh-ire ot the day to the
Census bill. The Tribune thus notices the
speech of Mr. Howard, of Texas :
Jlr. volnev U. Howard, formerly or Missis
sippi and now M. C. from Texas, yesterday gave
ihe House notice ot an amendment to .Mr. Mc-
Clcrn mil's Slavery Compromise bill, providing
that, if Texas should not consent to telinquisu
her claim to the better part of New Mexico, ihen
lis government s'tntl be organized in . tie Mexico
lo have jurisdiction on this side ofthe It to Grande ;
nd it 1 cxns shill consent, lor cash in hand, 'o
surrender her clai-n to New Mexico, then the
laic of Texas establishing Human Slavery shall
prevail in said Territory until the same' shall be
admitted intu the Union as a State! We hive
met some cool propositions in our day, but none
quite equal tn that. We thank Mr. Howard fur
making it decidedly than him. We beseech
Ihe yeas and myson this proposi.ion, and this
week if possible."
WKDSESDAr, Arm 111.
Senate. .Mr. Hale presented thirty or furtv
pelititiuns respecting the abolition oi slavery,
Sc.
Mr. Atchison moved that Mr. Hale have leave
to withdraw them.
Mr. Hale said that the petitions were handed
to the Secretary without being read, and with
out staling their contents, lo save time, as it was
not insisted on.
Mr. Clay cal.cd the attention of ih-- Senate ti
the tact, that these pennon presented are all
alike, and that it was a concerted plan of the Ab
olitionists, designed tn produce an impression
upon the public sentiment.
The chair suggested that the petitions had
been passed upon.
Mr. Hale called Mr. Clay tj order, but waived
the point.
Mr. Clay very emphatically warned the Sena
tor, and the country, against the increasing peti
tions of this kind, lie said that Mr. Hale was
not mounting a hobby-horse, but negroes, to ride
into power. (Clapping in the galleries, which
was suppressed.
Mr. Hale replied.
Mr. Rusk heartily concurred with Mr. Clay,
and Mr. Butler spoke to similar effect.
Mr. Foote wanted to apply the corrective to
the fullest extent.
Mr. Hale replied.
Mr. Clay moved to lake up the petition just
presented by Mr. Seward, to enrol slaves amongst
the rnililia Carried. He moved to reject the
prayer cf the petition called for the yeas and
nays, and hoped ttat all would vole against ihe
abominable prayer. (The report does nut otale
whether any vote was taken.)
The consideration of the Census bill was re
sumed, and discussed for three huurs. It was
proposed ti aine.id it so as to print the schedules
by contract. Rejected. The bill passed. Af
ter a short executive session, adjourned.
House. Mr. McLanahan was excused from
serving on the Galplun committee. The Chair
was authorized to tut the vacancy.
The consideration ofthe resolution iu favor of
granting a pension to widows of the officers and
soldiers who hive died of diseases contracted in
the service, was resumed. It was ordered to a
mini reading, un a motion to reconsider a
warm debate sprang up. The motion to recon
sider was laid on the table
In Committee ofthe Whole, on the California
bill, Mr. Ross, of Pa., spoke an hour. He de
feuded the South, and contended that tho North
was the sole aggressor. He assailed Thuddon
Stevens furiously, and his speech created intense
interest.
Mr. Doer of New York defended his vote on
Root's Resolution. He bad heard no plan at
....... I - .1 . . I- T I ' . .
suwu u iimi oi me rrestocnis. u was not in-
action, as was charged, but action. He was wil
ling to authorize New Mexico to form a Stale
Government, but first settle its boundary. The
proviso would break up parties at the North wilh
the cry of repeal. The President's policy was
demanded by a spirit of treaty, and would re
store peace. Should insist on the Proviso, and
never consent to an opposite course, as it would
bring more war for slave territory. He ridiculed
the idea of couilibrium. and admitted the obliga
tion requiring the return of fugitives, and consid
ered the " free soilers" inconsistent. The South
could not prevent the abolition agitation if they
would.
Mr. Ewingobtained thofloor. Thecommittee
rose, and the House adjourned.
TuunsDAT, April II.
Senate Mr. Cass presented tho joint resolu
tions of the Legislature of Michigan, rescinding
the instructions to the Senators and Representa
tives in Congress from that State to vote for the
Wilmot Proviso. He expressed his pleasure in
presentingihe resolution, remarking that they
were a peace offering, that they should be re
ceived as surh.
Mr. Douglass presented a memorial in favor
of securing the free navigation of the St. Law
rence river.
The Senate resumed tho consideration ot Air.
Rail's resolution on thesubiect of Slavery, which
.Mr. Foote had moved to refer to a Select Com-
miiiPL' ol Thirteen, with instructions to endeav
or to report tome plan of co.npro.nise for the
settlement of all the questions arising out of the
institution of slavery. To this motion Mr. Bald
win had moved an amendment, providing that
the question of the admission of California
should not be connected with the questions re
ported upon. The question having been staled
upun the latter amendment.
Mr. Benton bricfiV addressed the Senate, cit
ing facts in support of the position assumed by
him, that in sixty years of legislation, Congress
had never before coupled tlu admission of a
State with any other question.
-Mr. Clay replied Again citing the case oi
Missouri, and proceeded with some remarks for
the purpose of showing that no indignity or in
justice wuuld be done to California, by referring
her cae to the select committee, l here were
few points in whicn Congress had any right to
touch the question of slavery at all, and uf those
few, there were several which he would not
touch himself, tat.cl would not, therelorc, send
them to any committee. He would never con
sent to couple California with slavery, in any
way. He also read tho act lor the admission oi
Jlis3outi, aud commented upon the action com
pleting ihat measure.
-Mr. Dayton opp.ised the connection ot canior-
uii with the disiract.ng questn-n ot slavery.
.Mr. lung advocated tho propriety ot connect-
ng two subjects as proposed.
ilr. Douglass, as a ttst question, wneiner tne
Senate w-,uld raise the seltct committee or not,
moved to lay the whole subject on tht; table, but
wlljfow t,r
Jlr. Webster, who expressed hU readiness to
vote for the committee, but he could not commit
himselt t support any measuie which shall
make theadmissim of California dependent up
on any other incisure. He tin ught that the im
portance of the pieceuenco of measures as
much oveinted. If .Mr. Douglass shouldget up
his Stale Bills, it would be competent fur any
gentleman to move to amend by in-erting territo
rial government,and via vers't. The question upon
either or bttli subjects could r.ot be avoided. In
conclusion, he said he was ready to vote fir the
admits on ot C.ilifi rnia, a-i ail independent meas
uie.and lint he would vute for the proposed com
mittee, as an experi.r cut, In deterence to lead
ing men in the Senate, who had discussed ihe
question, rather than lio.n any confidence in its
re-ulK
Alter some observations bv Mr. Hale and Mr.
Ftote,
Mr. Benton submitted some additional re
marks, to show that if ihu ttinject of California
should bo sent to the committee, her case would
hive been already prejudged.
Mr. King denud, lor Inm-eit and those no
acted with hun, being governed in his couiae by
any cons-derations connected with the introduc
tion or exclusion of slavery into California.
.Mr. Uouglass renewed his mitioii to lay Jlr.
Foote's inouori on the table, which was rejected
vea- 26 mys 2i, as follows :
Yeas .Messrs. Badger, Benton, Bradbury,
Chase, Clark, Corvin, Davis of Mass., Dayton,
I)od"0 nl 1 ia, Dodge ot Wis., Uougias, reicn,
Green, Hale, Hamlin, Jones, Miller, Notris,
'helps, Seward, hoie.ds, bmitti Jsoruance, Up-
liam, Wales and Walker.
.Y.iys .Messrs. Atchison, Bell Borland, Bright,
Buller. Cass, Clay, Clrinent, Davis of Miss.,
Dickinson, Downs' Foote, Hunter, King, Man-
gum, Mason, Morton, Pcurcp, Pralt, Kusfc. Se
bastian, Sotile, Tumev, Underwood, Websier,
Whilcnuib and Yulce.
After a reuwrk or two bv Mr. Webster, rela
tive to the propriety of getting some direct vote,
Mr. Foote expressed fii3 willingness to inojity
his motion to as sinply to re'er Mr. Clay's and
Jlr. Ueli s resoluti m in conjunction, lo a select
Committee of tbinei n.
O.i motion, Air. Foote was allowed to with
draw his original motion and substitute the new
une.
Mr. Benton moved tint Mr. BaldiTin's amend
ment be m idified. The notion and the question
being put. it was rejected Yeas 20, Na)s 2i
The que-uun lecurring on Mr. Foote's motion,
he moved his amendment taking from ihe pro
pjseri Committee the power to consider any of
questions relating to domestic slavery.
Atier so.ne futther debate, Jlr. Halo moved to
refer the whole subject to Ihe Coiuamtec on Ter
li.ones, which motion was rejected yeas 23,
nays ol.
Mr. t lay renewed, in substance, his amend
ment to Mr. Benton's amendment.
Jlr. Benton said his object was to prevent the
coinimitee fioin considering the questions stated
in Ihe amendment. He did nol think Air. Clay s
prop unions as strong as his uwn, but his extreme
desiie lo secure some progress, expressed his
readiness to accept them.
Mr. Davtou, lor the purpose ot gaming lime to
examine the question, as now presented, moved
an adjournment, which was nol agreed to.
1 he qucstlun being stated on .Mr. Benton s a-
meiiduient, as modified by Jlr. Clay, Jlr. Up
hain asked a division, and the question was first
st.ted on the proposition, Hut tne motion fur ief
erencc shall not tie so construed as affirming or
implying the power of Congress to abolish slave
ry in the States.
Alter further debate, Mr. Websier expressed
his unwillingness to vole upon the propusiaor. in
relation to slavcrv in ibe District of Columbia
without consideration and debate. The Senile,
at 5 o'clock, adjourned.
In the House, nothing of importince was
transacted. Mr. Poller, from the Post Office
Committee, reported a bill establishing matt
routes in Calituruu, Oregon, Jliuesota and New
Mexico.
I-'kidat, April 12.
Senate. Mr. Webster wanted the vote taken
on ihe committee proposed by Jlr. ''ooie.
Jlr. Clay spoke briny. He said good would
result from a committee.
Mr. Benton woind cousent to refer the Call-
forma bill, with ins ructions to consider it sepa
rately and independently.
Alter some further discussion the subject was
laid over.
i'he deficiency bill was taken uu. and Paten'.
Office Appropriation discussed fur three hours,
pending wnicn the Senate adjourned.
House. Jlr. Jones proceeded lo make some
re.uarks on the but tor the relief of the widow of
Gen. Worth, winch were ruled out of order.
He appcalcj from the decision, and the Chair
was sustained.
The House went into Committee of the Whole
and look up the private calendar. Much dis
cussion ensued, but iioiluiig was done.
I he Ciiair-uau of the Galph:n Committee ask
ed tor instructions. Mr. Moore introduced a
resolution to inquire into the circumstances ot
payment. Mr. Sweetser commented severely on
the allowance of the claim, alluding to tho ru
mors of a rupture in ihe cabinet growing out of
it. Mr. Casey called him to order. Much con
fusion followed. After various motions and calls
ofthe House, the yeas and nays wera-ordcred on
an amendment offered by Mr. Harm, orillinoia,
directing an inquiry into the hiitory and origin
of the whole affair, calling for persons and pi
pers. Adopted. Adjourned to Monday,
The stem of the holly-bock contains a blue
dye superior to the finest indigo.
Railroads in ureat Britain.
The progress of railroads in Great Britain has
been nearly as rapid as in this country. At the
close of the year 1844, there were open for use
2,148 miles of Railway. To this total the follow,
ing several additions have been made in 1645,
2f)3 miles; in 1 8 10, 595 miles ; in 1847 760ms;
in 1848, 1.191 miles. From the lines present in
action, 53,000 men are furnished with respectable
and remunerative employment. Besides these
nearly 200,000 more are engaged upon the con
struction of works yet incomplete. A computatn n
uf this gross traffic shows thai the numberof pas
sengers conveyed on the several lines was such
as to allow two trips a year to every man wo nan
and child in Great Britain and Ireland. Fro ii a
return for etx months Iroin the various lines in
the Kingdom, it appears lhat the total number of
passengers carried was 31,000,000, of wimm
about ' millions travelled by the first class, 12
millions by the second, and Ihe remainder, amoun
ting to nearly 1G millions, by the third. The
salety ot this mod of traveling, must now be set
tled eren bejoud question, even in the minds of
the mo--t timid. Out of a grand total of 57,910,
'04 passengers conveyed during a period ot 12
nonllis, 21 only were killed, of whom 12 met
their death by their own cirelessnesi or miscon
duct, leaving but nine tionnjiue casuanues upon
nearly 53 millions ventures, and making the odtle
more ihan 0,000,000 to one in favor of tho travel
ers safety. It is proved beyond any denial lhat
low fares produce greater receipts than lngl.tr
ones.
Plank Roads.
The Mobile Advertiser says: ' Our sister city
of Montgomery see us lo hue taken the Pianij
Roid Fever the natural way, and wo trust some
very clearly defined cases of Plank Roads com
pleted will follow, before the public pulse is
much reduced. A meeting was held last week
in which it was resolved thatthe city of Mont
gomery would subscribe $75,000 stock in ihe va
rious roads contemplated to terminate at Moi t
goinery. We like this spirit, and cuiitiut-mly
anticipate favorable results. As to tha advan
tages lo the city of these roads when completed,
there can be no question."
New Mexico. The Washington correspon
dent of Ihe New York Commercial siys, that
recent intelligence received trem ISew .Mexico,
goes lo show that the people arc about to take
measures to form a State On eminent, a nd to in
corporate into their Cunslilu'ion an "express pro
hibition of slavery? This is another proof ot tint
wise loresigiilo: uenerai i ayior, anu me jusiice
of hn recommendation to have no Territorial
Government for New Mexico, hut to let her come
into the Union as a State. It is to avoid t'us,
that .Mr. Poole and his Committee in the U.S.
Senate are so anxious to establish a Territorial
Government, that slaveholders may get -n there,
so that in a year or two New .Mexico will ask
admission into the Union as a Slave SiatP.
Again wo call noon the House of Representa
tives to stand firm ba Freedom; defeat the Scheme
of the Senate, and rully icilh serried ranks arouud
the platform of General Taylor. Do so, and
New Mexico tn'.' be Jrte! Atlas.
The St: Louis Unioi ofthe 25th ult pub! sh-
es a letter from Senator Benton, declaiming all
compromise with his general opponents in .Mis
souri, and insisting on a high wall and deep
ditch. He wuuld rather sit in council with the
six thousand de.id who died oi cuoiera in SI.
Louis, than go in connection wit,-, a gang of
scamp Calhounists. lie would not mix w.i.i
them, or give or take help. He recommends ms
ricnds to make Bentonisin the test at the Muni
cipal as well as the State election. He would
rather see the Whigs elected tlun tne Dm o-
cratic opponents rather see his own seat tilled
than the line should not be drawn. Calhoun
must be extinguished from Missouri at all haz
ards, and without regard to consequences.
Xiicspaper Credit System. Tho cerrepondent
ofthe Biltimore Patriot, speaking of the Na
tional Intelligencer, sajs that the outstanding
debts due to I lat establishment arc estimated at
four hundred thousand dollars. Un this, tne
Boston Herald remarks :
1 We doubt not there are other subscription
papers, the proprietors of which can tell us sa I
a story as Ihe one above. Tho loss of everv pa
per ot the kind is no less, on an avcrag than
twenty per ccnl. per annum. We know an in
stance which occurred iu this ciiy, a few years
ago, where an old establishment was compelled
to fail, at the same time its outstanding ut-bts
were not less than $10,000, not one quarter of
which was ever collected by the assignees. Toe
late Mayor Russell once attempted to draw up
ins subscribers to the paying point some of
them were indebted to him for twenty years sub
scription. Une ot these ordered him to slop tho
ipor. ' 1 11 be hanged, said ho, "it I taic a
paper from any man who duns me to pay lo.- it.
The o d leilo-v had read the piper tor twenty
years wi'hout paying a cent tor its proprietor."'
form of Slavenr. Slavery probably exists in
a harsher torm in the United States liian in any
other quarter of ihe globe. In Cuba and Bnzil,
a slave may by law summon his master belore
two magistrates, who iwssess the power of ap
praising the slave, and if" he, or any one for linn.
at any future time, pays the amount, he can de
mand Ins freedom. In Brazil, if at tho birh of
a child, the patents tender their masters the
fixed sum of five pounds sterling, the infart is
Iret, and the master is obliged lor seven years,
to find the infant tood, without exacting any li
bur from him or any extra labor from his parents.
Uoslon lranscipl.
The Pearson Case. The Committee of tho
Council belore whom the hearing was held en
tho petitions for the commutation of the sen
tence uf Pearson, etoud, when the sentence was
tiken, four for sustaining tho sentence uf the
aw, against one fur commuting it to nnprisi n-
menl tor life. The case will ci-me before tho
Governor and Council this week for final action.
Die Post slates that Pearson, since bis " convic
tion, has cenressed that he rose to kill his wife
after he had been lying by her side about three
quarters of an hour. It was not his original in
teulioii to kill the children, but on account of ihe
resistance his wife made, Ihev woke up before
he had accomplished his first purpose, and then
it become necessary to despatch them lest they
should expose him."
South Carolina. The Governor of South Car
olina has offered the appointment of U. Stales
Senator to Laugdoii Chevcs, who declined ac
cepting IU
Death ofthe Hon. T. J. Camnbelt. We regct
to learn thai the Hon. Thomas Jefferson Camp
bell of Tennessee, Clerk of the U. S. House of
Representatives, died in Washington on rriday
evening. Mr. Campbell was a very worlhy pe i
tleman, and his loss will be severely felt by hi i
lamuy enu menus.
Steel-ribbed Umbrellas. A correspondent of
the Liverpool .Mercury states that, while walk
ing with a friend, and protecting themselves
from the rain with a steel-ribbed umbrella, he
suddenly felt a shock like that of electricity,
and became enveloped in a blue flame. He was
bewildered fur a second or two, and then heard
a thunder clap. He had been struck by light
ning, attracted, doubtlessly, by the steel in the
unbrella. His friend did not feel anything, hut
saw tha flame. When he got home he examin
ed his watch, and found it had changed to cop
per color.
Mr. Sullivan, the British Charge at Limi, re
signed the very day after he was so soundly
flogged by Jlr. Potior, our Consul at ValparaiiO.
A British man of war arrived at C'allao, on that
day, and the commander either required, or SlI
hvan thought proper lo give in his resignation.
Mineral Health of Japan. The empire of
Japan contains inexhaustible mines ot ti.e pte
cious metals; the quantity of gold, silver and
copper exported from Japan, between IGII and
1706, according to an official report of a Japan
ese minister ofthe slate amounted to $ I ly.OtJo,
cOO. Gold is so plenty in the great Island cf
Niphon, that it is thoug'ht advisable to regulate
the working of ihe mines by law, lest too great
a quantity should be brought into circulation.
The currency of the country is composed of gold,
silver and copper. Auf. Intelligencer. A
George B. Warren, Esq., has been appointed
Postmaster at Woodstock, in plice of Porter B.
Soatbgale, removed.