Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume], December 15, 1853, Image 1

About Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883

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i)Y 15. P. WALTON, J 11,
lUtttcljmnu & State 3ouvunl.
I'Unusiiui) nvr.nv tiiuiimiay moiinino.
fRUitr--1 Mh In snr i 9,(K) If payment Itaot
mass In lalttwt !. IiiimI I mm iht rail uf
,(, jt.
A 'lot! in a oilaratsnt In ratal labsflriplliifi., attr.
va.a aril e-i Aantealla', and ackwlJp pajrinentrui
Ilia
ILKntirlJ, J. N.lllMPHOV,
Hrs-eMl-M, A II.KMITII,
dM.C.1'. rtROWN,
matins, ni.titi.tt' v. hanm,
lUatsia, K.B fro IT,
llfaskart, fin'VARl) It. HAW VEtt,
Jatliww. fe. IV.BOoTI'.
Ma.-lifl.la.Ii. II. PUTNAM,
lMtHili,J.H. N'VH,
MlMlM-l. IRl! IrVINBOS, Ji.
NailhlMri, K. H I'll,
tra.UB-. ' A I.I J C A K PB NT BR,
(ainlM,A.T IHNlv-dPT,
H.,tii II Mlk,i lltrAN,
Hn.wi-, jnsRPII ' . ft (VflOMI,
Mitanir, WIi.UVM It it.I.IVtf.
K..mh r3-rant.it, IMN'IP.I. A. JUUI).
T.n.Mti, AAHnN N KINi;,
VV.ti.f, tl . F-.J. w,(iK lJOB lTtl
tVarnsi.rtiaxKI.I. A. t FII'IHT.
Wainlm-ras lln .,, a i" ustfn,
ri"i...wn, n mif rniiiR,
Wifi'iiu. jina Aimorr.
PK KSID I'uNT'S M K SSAGlT
IWiom Ciliirns of the Untitle, awl of the House
of Iltfirtstntativt :
Tlio interest, with winch the people or the re
puplir anticipate the assembling of congress,
anil tlic ttilnlment, on Hint occasion, ot the duty
impose I upon ii new President, m oii of the beat i
cvid- iiui of their c.ipi.-.if y to ren Lie the hopes i
oflh' founders of a political sytom, at once '
complex nnil symmetrical. While the different 1
brune.i. a of government are, to a certain extent,
in-lep. nJi'iil eatli other, tho duties of all, alike, ,
li iv dnect reference to the source of power.
F .run l'ol) , miHrr this systorn, no man if m hijf h, I
and n n" i h nnhl, m the wale nf p-iblic t-
lion, .1 la eacjpo I'jooi th'j ac.rutniy, or to b ex. I
otu'jt tV'jin tho rei-ioiiibility, likh all official (
I'lll.Ct.ei s lilljily.
Tmii the justice anJ intelligence of tlietnuw.
en, in n gyt rnment thim nrcannH, ia the ante '
ruiimi o of the confederacy, an the only aeruri- j
ty for hon -tt nnil enrneat ilrvolioii to itn intcrcxt, 1
iiMin-tt Hie ihiiiiuMiiii' mi l eii' ioiclimrnta ofi
i)ir on tlie on' hrm.i, nixl the ntu!ta of per- i
soiinl a'libition on the oilier. I
I lie in'erat, of w Inch I hive axlen, iamsep
er'hle fioiii an inqiiiring e!f overmg coiiiinum
ty. but ktiiiiul itrl. lolIbtle,", nt tli- prenent ti oe,
by inn iiiiaettled oiitl.lioii of our relations wilh
f ver.l lori'in oont-r ; by tli" iuw ubiltr ilKHia
r.'.nllihJ froiun iiJil"ii exleii-.;un of the field
ot .'ii'.Tjr,e.- ; by th "pint w.ih mIikIi lint field
Ii all en enfred, nod the .i'i " ti" "ii 'luv with
li.iiit re" ,'cea l"r in ill" ilenuiela of
i iui i :i ty It ivi :i dev i p d. I
Ml . iiyli ill-. - . art un.iii,' t o-e t in" lie:
C1 .' ' I" IIC t,l' I '. v,' e ,i! , 1 d 1 .-"it,! jj
i -I i.-liee, Ii ih ! Il r- t"ei ,i . m Si ei- p.r- j
tioiMof our country, we liae"i!l Hie nxM abiin-1
ill ImrH'i'M Mi--!....ir i 1'iUoiilor!
Mil fll-l 11 itlll.ltlOiE if Kdi b" II !'! illOWt !fd
oj,.. u. a u....ri.. i. w. in a a on-ir-iou-. ,
new ot rapid adtaiiceiuent ami mereaaem r
, .ii i i. i .i .i . . i
Mrenoth be lubilna v aamviatf d with annbidinir
. , . , ,, i i ii i
n "I depi-nd' uce upon I Inn in ho da sn h,
. ... .... ... .
R ...Bi U.o ,!,, of the broad pr.neiple
d a,, uv ujw .,. Mtei11,r,l-,.,.,-,.n.Hir
politu al eoml li'in. I rli.mld alirink from a clear
do". , d'd i f.'il to exprea mv deepr convicnon, I
Hi it He c in j Uce no secure reli.ince upon any
np;, r- m pronrtui, il it be not nu t lined byimM -n-al
luteyrny. r-'iiijr nion ill" j;r-at truth i affirm
ed and illnv.Mted by divine rmeltition In 'be
iiilJut of our nornr lor the ulHicti d and aulTerint., 1
it hua been coupling to a. io.v promptly diaaa. ,
trr nude true neinliori of ditr:cta and ritiea
sejwraled widelv Iroin each other, r.nd cle-enn
to w.iteli the foenyUi ot lli.l eornmon bond of
brotiiei lunui, which uii.tia a. I henrtii. ill all pirtt
oft .H I'liion, Hiien (Linger ihreil' ua from abroad,
or e ihrnity impenib. over us at le oe
Oi.r dipMMiialic relation with fer-i'n xnir
liiV" undergone no oential cluue aiuce the
adjournal ot of tie I ut c nreri. W itli nn.ie
of llie.ii, ijueftioiit. ot diatu bin.' rhardi t. r air
'i I! pi ii Imjr bet thein .if t;.i I re inm to !)
I.eie tli.it t.ieae m y all be niinC'itilv i liju-iii-il.
J''ie 4 mi ye.iri piai, t ireji ijr.t mi h.it hi eon
atrie d 'Ii ti il art. ci of the c mention ot the
JOtti ol' Aprn, lrIS. in rcjjar.i t tie- li-te n a on
thi no.tlnMI.-ru eoi.nt, tta to exc'ud" onrcit z 'is
fioiii Pone1 ef the fuihniff jroun-..- ti wl..-h they
Iri I) r.:orltd tor nearly a ipi ir'.cr of n cen'.ny
lib -ut toth'Mlite ol Ui.it tn-ily. The I'uit-,
cd St, ilea have never iieqiiicseed in this ron-truc-tion,
but have alwaya claimed lor their finleTinen !
all tin-right whicli they had o ImtK enjo) ed ,
without mol. station. With a vie to remove
all dtrtl'-iilti.-a on the subject, to i xlend the ribli i
ofmir lUherm-n beyond the limit fixed by tlie '
coiiv ntioii of Itilc. an t t i feirti lute trade be- '
tueutlio United Slated and tiie britnh Nnrih !
A le'ricutjliovmcia, a ne'ouatioii has b. cil opt II
el, ith a Mt jpfftipeel of a favourable result, i
T.. protect WriHmi'. n in tie. enjoyment f'
their ri'hu. avnJjjyevuut wdliason between tliam I
and L)raihTieien, I dueioed it expedient to
ttation a njval TBttti ill llmt quirler dunni' the
Uilliriir SHHKlll,
Gtnb inns,, nt. questions have also arisen he-
Ivy -on the two government in regardtoCentral A-m.-rica.
Great B'lfi in has iiroposed tosettlo them
by nn amicable arnmgeiuent, au.i our nnnwter
at London is instructed to enter into uegotuuiuiH
o i tint subject.
A commission for adjusting th" claims of our
, i , v . . n -...,. (!miii Itrituit.. und tlinas, ,it I
Jlutuh snbjecU agatnat the United Stat-s, or-1
gamzed under the convemwii of tne Stti of Feb-
roury last, is now sitttug in Irfmion for the tran
saction of business.
It u in many rospsct desirable that the boun
dary line between the United Slates Mid th-)
Uritwh province iu the northwest as desi.jnated
in the convention of the 15th of June, It-Hi, and
especially that pail wnali separates the territory
of Washington Iroui tilt- Bniuh posession on
the iuii ill, should be traced and marked. I
therefore present the subject to your nonce.
With Prance our relal.ons continue on the
mart friendly footing. The extensive commerce
betttoen the United State and that country
might, it is conceived, be rcleuiod from some
unnecessary restrictions, to tho multul advan
tigo of bolh partie. With view to this sub
ject so, no prores ha been made in negotiating
a treaty ol cu iitiirfrce and navigation.
Independently of our valuable trade with
Spun, wo hava important political relations with
Inr. growing out of our mugliboihood lo the is
lands of Tub i and Porto R,co I am happy to
announce, that sinco tho last conre) no at
tempt Invo been nude by niHiithonzed expo
d.tiom within the Unite I State, against either
of those colonic. Should any movement be
manifested within our limits, all the moans at
my command will bo vigorously everted to re
press, it. Several annoying occurrence Irive ta
ken p ce at H ivanni, or in the vicinity of the
ulanJ of Cuba, between our citizen and the
Spimsli authorities Coiijideriny the prux unity
of that island id our shore lying, us it does, in
tho truck uf trade between some ot our pnncipil
cities and tho auspicious vigilance with which
foreign intercourse, particularly that with the
Uuitod State, l there gua-ded, a repetition ol
such occurrence iimv well bo apprehended
As no diplomitiC inturcoura w allowed between
our consul ut Havana anu urn iiu 6'-!"'"'
Cubi, ready cxpl inations cannot b made, or
prompt rodrej alforded, where injury has result
ed. All comphint on the part of our citizens,
under Hid proimit arrnngumnni, must be, in tho
first phce, precnted t tin guvcnuneiit, and
then referred io Spain. piin a'i ' ,0
1 " local authorities in Cuba for inve.ttg&twn,
an.l poMpmes an attwer till ehe linn heard from !
tluuo authorities. To avoid thrwo Irtiutltig and
vexattotu delays, a proportion hflslieon madB to
provtdo for n direct appeal for redress to thn
captiin-tjennral b ntir cnnaul, in behalf of our
injured fellow-eittrem. Hitherto, the govern
tnent of Spiin Ins declined to ontcr into any
atioli arrangomeiit. Thn conrso on her part is
deeply regretted ; for, without soma iirrnngmnent
ortliw kttnl. the (rood understatidtug between the
two onnntrlcj uny ho exposed to ocetniiniil in
tarruplion. t lur minitr at Madrid i instructed
to renew tlio pnip.mtioti. and to prean it acnin
upon tho coniideration of her Catholic nmjosly's
govoriimfnt.
Pot several yuan Rpiin Inn been calling tho
attention of Him government to a claim for hwso
by sijino of her suujee.ts, in the case of the
schooner .'Initial. Tins claim is belii veil uj
reslon the obhgittoni imposed by our existing
treaty with tint country. Its juattce wa admit
ted, in our diplomatic correapottde.ice with the
Spuiiah ffiivertinient, aa oarly as March IH17 ;
and one of my prideessors, in hi animil mes
tog of that year, recommended that pr ivislon
dliould be nude fr its wymetit. In January
last it was again submitted to Congress by the
executive. It ha received a favorable coihiiI
era'ion by committees nf both branches, but M
yet theio hit been no final action upon it. I
conceive that yood faith requires its prompt ad
justment, and I present it to your early mid fa
vorable consideration.
Martin Knszta, a Hungarian by hirth, came to
this country in lrJ50, and declared his intention,
in due form ofluw, to leco.ne a citicen of the
United Slates. After remaining hero ii"irly two
year, he visited Turkey W hih at Smvrna he
was forcibly seized, taken on hood an Au'trmn
brig of war, then lying in the hirborofthat
pi ic, and there cuntined in irons, with the
avowed purpoae to take him into the dominions
of Austria. Our comul at !S nyrtia and legation
at ('onatsntmople interposed for Ins release, but
their efforts were liielluclual. While thus im
prisoned, Comminder Ingraham, with the United
States ship of war St. ljotits. arrived at Smj nn,
and, alter inquiring into the circumstances of the
caae, came to the conclusion that Koszta waa
entitled to th protection of this government, and
took energetic and prompt measuiea for Ins re
lease. I uder an arrangement between the
agents of the Un; ed Hlates and of Austrn, he
wu transferred to the custody of the French
enn ui ueneral, at Sniyina, there to remain until
Ire should be disposed of by tho mutual agn o
inent of tho consuls of the respective govern
ments at that place. Pursuant to that agree
uii'iit he li i been re leaned, aud is now on his
way to tin- United Slates. The emperor of
Austria hn made tli" conduct of our officers
who took part in this trans letion a n'eet of
grave complnnt. Rrirdiii f Kozt i ns -.till hi"
aiibj 'ct, nn 1 c iii'iin.' ,i r.'ht to rfi In n " ith
iii th It. ni's ot' i!i" T'l '.'sh emu re. he I ?
I. inidcd of tin. govern. i ut i'.s c ins- i
aurri uder ot'tii" pri.soiii'i, a dijvowa. i 's
o' UK .lH'-Ilti, Mel lii.icl. n l"r till' ' I .
ric. Al'ii r t c ir. fu! cot's,. 1 -r it. on , ,
I cam" to the conclusion tli it Koszt i
ed without legal tuituority at Suiv
w ,, rt ,,., ,
u. .. c ....... , ,i, , i
trian onir ut nrir; li.t. ai too time
i , .,' . ,, ,, . ,
"re, if wai clothed uiMi llio unmoi i
n ' i . . ,. . .
United State ; and tli i1 t le arts ot mi-
fi M , 0 h f ,
b; anJ :, e , v
- 7.
1'ie
t,
clined.
For a more loll acc.Hint of this tran- et on
snj my views in regir.l to it. 1 refer tj t i i t
respo'idetice lo-fveen the charge d'.fTaire-s 'f
Austria and the Secr-tarj of State, which is here
witll trana nitted. The pr.nciplea ami policy,
lliercin tin i nu l ied on the pirtof th United
Statst. will ht": -v. r a proper occasion occurs,
be .'plied .nil enfbri , ,1.
Tlie con I turn ol t liiii i, at tin time, renders
It probable that wine import in! .'Il nr.e.s will oc
cur ill tlntvist empire, which will lean to a
m ire iinretrn t nl Intel, nurse with it. The
co ntn'sioner to tin' country who h is been re
centlv appointed, is in-triieled to tvnil In nselt
ot all oce.m mn to op, ii tin I cvt nd our co. ii
lneii.1,1 r. I it, mis. ll jt o'll i' .nth til" ejiiiii'iif
I'll. in. hut with o..n-r v-,itn: nations.
In -''i. in etpe.liti m w is sent to Jnpin, mi
ll r il.e enn i ". I of (' u o 1 re I. rry, for the
purxise ol eieni'. Cl.iiilnetr il ll, ti icil'-e with
Hint emp r" In',. II , in eh I- I l "11 refe.vedof
his an V ,1 111 -r. , in 1 ,-l i.i- ll Vl'i; nenle k,l in ll
to the. np-r I Jin in tie- oh. 1 1 ot Ins v isit ;
but it is not y ' an-en nn, d h ' tsr the eoipernr
,11 I e I'lSposed to all iieion h s resi n tue po'i. y
tin I op ei th il ni' en couefy to a cn'ii nerci il
Intercom' i'h Hi" 1'iu'e.l St i tin.
I' has been my earnc t sir" lo maintain
friendly mte,-, oorse with the a -c,i n o.is neon
this continent, i.d lo ml tte'in in preserving good
nmlenil n I ns i noiiir th.'nn -Iv . Nv ilh . i it-
ico, u ei-;ite Ii ari-en a to the true hou id ry
lm- b-1-en .eir te-Hory "f New Vex.eo nnil
the W ,mii ' i ' of Chilviihua foiiii'r
coiominnoiii r d" the United Slate, empiiived m
rnnii n.' th ' l.ne paia'i.int to the treaty of (iua-
dilupo I udiljo, made a oenonu mwtake in de-
terniiulng the initial point on the Rio Urmde :
but, inmuch a Iim decm nn wa cleirly a de
pirture troni m-air''ii in eir ir:n-oi' uiu noun
dary contained in that treaty, nnd was not con
curred m bv th ' surveyor i.ppoinled on 'be part
of the United States, who.- eoiviiri-in e wis
necessary to g.ve v.ltdity to tint .lecis.-m, this
governmiiet is not couclud"d tln reh v ; Inn I hut
of Mexico Uke a different v.ew of the su'ij.-cl.
There an also oth-r ones' urns of cawiderable
magnitude pending between the two republics.
Our minister in Mexico has ample instructions
U. adjust tliem. Nejotialioiis h ,ve been oeli
but sufficient progress has not b"en nude the-
it
re
in to i nihle me t spenti or in j.n re.in.
Impressed with the importance of maintaining
amicable rehtton with tiat republic, and of
yielduig with liberality to all bei jurt claims, it
1 reisonah'e to expect that an arrangement mu
tual Py mtisfactorv to both ooiitrie may be con
cluded, and a Ina'tmtf friendship between them
confirmed nud persluteU.
Congress hiving provided for a full iiiu-aiouto
the States of Central America, a minister was
sent thither in July last. As yet he Ins bad
time to visit only one of theelate, (Nicaragua )
where hu was received m the most friendly man
ner. It is hoped tint hi presence und good
office will have a benign effect in composing
tho dieini n3 which prevail among them, and
in establishing still mure intimate and friendly
relations between th'-iii respectively, aud be
tween each of the.n and the United State.
Considering the vakt region of tin continent,
and the number of status which 'would be made
accesibl by tlie free navigation of the River
Auiasoii, puticular attention uas oeen given io
this subject, llruzil, thr.High vvhoe territories
I passe into the ocean, h . hitherto persisted in
a policy so rustriclive, in regard to the use of
thn rivor, as to obstruct, and nearly exclude, for
eign commercial intercourse with tho stale
which lie upon its tributaries and uppor blanches.
Our minister to that country is instructed to ob
tain a relaxation or that policy, and to use his
clVurls to induce the llraziltan government to op
en to common use, under proper safeguards, this
grest natural highway for international trade. -Several
of tho South Aniencun statu are deep
ly interested in this attempt to sucuro the free
navigation or the Amazon, and it ia rcai-unable
to expect their co-operation iu the measure. A
tho advantages' free commerci.il intercourse
anion-' nations aro belter understood, more lib
eral view are g- nornlly unterlained as to the
common rights or all to the fan use of lhoo
moans winch nature has provided for intermtlon
al communication. I o lhee moro liberal and
enlightened view, it is hoped that liroztl wil
conform her policy, and remove all umieeesarv
restrictions upon the free tue of a river, which
ISSUED SiMULTANKOUSLY
traverses so many states ami so largo a part of
the continent. I am hippy to inform yon that
the toptihltc of Paraguay and tho Argentine
t onfedoration havo yielded to the Itbemlpolicy
still resisted by llruzil, in regard to the naviga
ble rivers within their rupective terrilonea.
Treaties embracing this subject among others
hnvo been negotiated with theso governments,
which will bu submitted to tho Meilato at llio
present session.
A new branch of commerce, important to tho
agrftiltural ltiteret.ts ot tho United States, has
within n few years nut, been opened with I'nrti.
Notwithstanding the inexhaustible deposits ol
gitalin upon the islands of that country, consider
able ditllcullies are experienced in obtaining the
requisite supply. Measures have been taken to
remove theso difficulties, and to seenro a morn
abundant importation of the article. Unfortu
nately, there lias been a sertotis collision between
our citizens, wh i hive resorted to the Cluncha
Islands for it, and the Peruvian authorities sta
tioned there. Redress for tho outrages, com
mitted by the latter, was promptly doiiiande 1 by
our minister at t.ima. This cubjert is now un
der consideration, ami th 're is reason to believe
that Peru is disposed to ofTer adequate indemni
ty to the aggrieved parties.
We are thus not only at peace with all for
eign countries but, in regard to political affiirs,
are exempt from nny cause of serious disquietude
in our doiuesttct relations.
The controversies, which have agitated the
country heretofore, are pi-song nw.iy with the i
e m.?e which prol ieed the n and the pis-oona i
which they had awaken s or, it any trace of them I
remains, it may be reasonably Imped that it will ',
only be perce v d in the zealous rivalry of all
goo.l citiz -ns to testify tli"ir respect for the rights 1
of th" states, I heir devotion to the Union, and I
their common determination that each one of the I
states, its institutions, its weltare. and its domes-!
tic peace shall be held alike secure under the
siered tpgts orthe constitution
This new league ot amity and mutual confi-i
lence and Htippoil, into Inch the people of the
republic hive entered, happily afford ni(!u.:e-,
inent and opportunity for the adoption of a more j
comprehensive ami unenibirra'sed line of policy i
and action, as to the greatjmatcrial interests of'
the country, whether regarded in themselvis or '
in connection with the powers of the civil:.' il
world.
The United Slates have continued grmliii.lv
and steiddv to expand, through acquisition- ot
territory, which, howinuehsoever s.ane of tie in
may have been questioned, are now inn ers iliv
seen and admitted to hive been ise in pol.cy, '
just m character, ami a great rleiie nt in the
vaiiuctnent of our country, and weliii. it'ihe
bu n in race, m freedom.
, itml in li tp
lrr ,a n t i lie
i i.ie p on
the il -t ,nt
pinew, I le' 'Mi
t'nrtv .ui". en
on th"
t A.- i.
I i
inn ii.. r, n i -i
1"
ut mi
-iiul i
;n I me .! tn ii p i ,
i ti,i!,i ev i 1 it- in r-
i . i
' - I. ; o . It.JO.l
i t ir a-, re! i" i 'o t
n i i, c h t l.if i I-. I
l- I i n in I pin e
: uel -" !
1' . 1 I i' ' Villi' n I'vv'i, li.
i rune-ill 'e . nf.lui't ol He-
r-', Kl i.l) r- ., iliee on lie
II ot Lie tiv I it lilies , c ,0-
', ill th" din et, ns afl'irileil
of ti i'i'.i p i'iIv . alb nn. d
v t'l. H nn tp'.-j
,ir f itl.ers ol' tiie
, vli re'tice. and
le
-poeii U.'", s i net .oiif'il hy
c,ni-"er it"d anew by the
vhe'iu.ni. voie
ol the p -.ijile 1. 1' the I'.i.'.i d
.St it,
Uacui .it,; to these principles, wli.ch cot.slitti'e
; Vr;ame b. si..l uiiioti, aft perl f .vrTiit, vaVt
ll const itu-e
th-
iVt
i s nn
re
-Hons atel th - illitie.s . ,e to.lelal
.'ni. r,i ,! ut. v-'ei :n ot . n'ru-tid to, it- throe
" it d"p .rtiiieots t'le 1 ,nvi . e en'oi e, : nd
,1 ill-Ill Jet tllB Mlbst itive power, tl e pop i'ar
lore.'. ,i id th" large . a,, i, ,t s t. .r ni 'oil an, I i .a
I, rial dv vvlopiiient, i xi-' in tl n -j,."etn l iti.-,
b ch, all being ' t', i- !.,svvill L ,,-t,-e-.
r-puhhes, as they pretv.il -d, -' t It" v- nl are
capable of in i lilts linng and pi nn tu t ii' the A-uieric-in
Union. The federal e . i n n- it Inn its
npptopi i.ite line of action in tl ',m tie ami li.n
iied powers conferr d on it by tv i ,:i-t:tutioii,
rhi. fly a to thissc things in whico lite Mate- , tv e
a co.ii'ii .n nit' rest tu their relate in to mi
olh"r, iin.l loreieu govt ili,ll"lits ; urn . it. gie it
tn is-ol nitt r, .is wn.eh belong toc'il'.v i'i i , n,
th ' ordinxrv h'tsmess ot lite, the . r,n
du try. all the diversified personal hi, 1 ,
alfii.n ot bucctv, rt st be ureiy umui ,:i,
leserVi il power of the people of tie
s al. s. Tnere is the elf ci.ve demncrit
nt
.1
nation, and tlere the it si isseiicu of ll- b. mj
an I iu gi eatness.
Ol th" practical conssspiences which flow 'V in
the ti ttnre ot the . d- r u govei uui. m, ilie prim rv
one is tue duty o nlmin'slertng w itli inlegiity
mil ti lelity the high nust r 'jioseil in it by th -constitution,
espce. illy in the npplicati not' the
public funds, a drawn by taxation I rum the peo
ple, and appropriated to apectie o'jject by con-1
gr'Ss. 1 1 ippily 1 h ive no occasiou to suggest'
..liy radical chai.ges in the financial policy oltlis
goverie-ieiit. Ours is aluioat, if no', absolutely, i
loo aolilnry power of Christen lorn having a frur-
piu reveiitie, drawn mmiediuteiy from imports on ,
commerce, and therefore measured by the spon-
' tutieous enterprise and !itionil prosperity of the '
country, wilhnuch indirect relatkiu to agriculture, 1
; iiiaunl acturi s, and tlie product ol the euilh and
sea, as to violate no coiismutional uoclrine, nud .
yel vigorously prouiote tne general welfare. Nei-'
tlieras to the sources of the public treasure, nor I
as to the maun 'r of keeping and managing it, does
any gr.ve controversy now prevail, the re being
a geueiai acinn tci:ce in the wisdom of the pres-'
i nt system. -
,hereHmorthesecr'laryortliBtr..asiiryw,l
cxluhit, in detail, tne state ut tlie public tinuuccB. ,
nud the condition ol the variou brunche of the ,
public service adiiiiinsterctt by thst dtpartmeni of
tue government.
Tue revenue of the country, levr d uluio t in
sensibly tu Ilia tax-pay or, goes on liom yeai to
yoar increasing beyuml either ihe mterosis or the j
At tho close of tho fiscal year ending June DO,
lfW, then' remained iu the treasury u balance of
fourteen million six hundred and thirty two thou
sand une hundred aud thirty six dollar. The
. public revenue for tiie fiscal year ending June an,
Ipo.I. amounting to titty eight million nine hun
' rired and thirty one thousand eiglil hundred and
I sixty live dollar from custom, aud to two million
1 tour liiindrcc and live thousand seven hundred
and eight dollar from public laud and other
I miscellaneous bources, amutuitlligjtugether to
Isixty-nno million threo huudred BuditTrtyisoven
I I hones ml five hundred and suycntyiftiur'ilollarb ;
vilulo the public exicnditureJfjpri)ioVsaiiie lian-
,o.l, exclusiie of pa) incuts offfKcouiit ol the
' public debt, amounted to forty'llircp million ilm
I hundred and tilty lour thousand two hundred aud
I sixty-two dollars ; le-av mg a balance of thirty-two
million lour hundred und twenfv-five thouaanil
tour hundred and forty-suyen doflars of rcceipla
above expenditure. ,
This fsct, ot increasing surplus in tho trcas.
ury, became the aubjectot unxious cunsideralioii
at a very early period uf my administration, and
the putli of 'duty in regard lo it seemed to ino
obvious and cle ir, iiimely : lirat, to apply the
surplus revenue tu thu ibbchurge of the public
deb'., so far a it cuuld judiciously bo done and,
secondly, to devise means for the gradual reducr
tion of the revenue to the ktundard of (ho ptiblie
exigence.
Of these object, tho fir-t has been in thu
course of nccompli-hirieiit, iu a manner and to a
d-'gruo highly stilactory. The umounl of the
public debt, nf nil claa.es, was, un the fourth of
March, ld.i t, sixty tune million one hundred and
ninety thousand aud thirty -seven dollar ; pay
ment on account of which havo been made,
sinoe that period, to tho amount of twelve mil
htm seven hunJred and three thousand three
hundred und twenty-nine dollars, leaving un
pud, und in the continuous-course of liquidation,
the sum of fifty-eix million four hundred and
AT M0NT1M5LLRH, NOllTHFIELD, WATE1UJUKY, SC.
THURSDAY, DISC. 15, 1853.
oiffrty-six thousand wVen hundred and ei)ihi
dollars. Tlreeo payments, although made at the
market price oftho respective classes of clocks,
hvo been clfected readily, ntid to the general ad
vantage of the treasury, and have at tho same
time proved of signal utility in the relit f they
havo incidentally atforded to the money market
and to the industrial and commercial pursuits of
tho country.
The second of tho suotc mentioned objects
that of the reduction of Ibc tariff, is of gitut tm-
ixmancc, mi mo plan mggested liy the socre
retary of th treasury, which is to reduce tho
iluttea on certain articles, and to add to tho free Numerous aiitilieatiens hnvo been mode, ami
luit many atttclcs now luxed. and efp. ciaily such no d ,l,t ill eontinuo to Iw, mtille Tor grants of
as ontor into inanufaclur . and arc not largely land, in all of the Construction of railways. It
or at all. produced in the country, i commended is n ,t beli ved to Ik within the intent and" meiin
to your candid and careful consideration. , ing of tin nstitntinti, that the power to dispose
Vott wdl find in tho reiort of (he R-cretary of, ol the puMie dumnin a'mul I lie us"il othervvis)
the treasury, also, abundant prmif of the enii-e thin nuht lw expected from a prtidciit proprl
adeqnacy of the presi lit fiscal j stein to meet all etor, nud. therefore, that grants of land to aid
the requirements of tiie public service, and that, in 'be construction of roads should Im restricted
vrhile pr perl administered, it nperiti s to t '" eie where It would be f r ll e interest of a
uilv inlige ol tlie conmi'nity in ordinary on-. u ;w I r i-".t r. under like circumstances, thus to
relations. , , ' ooiiiri! ut to the construction of these wotks.
I respectfully risk ywir nlteiHion to sundry P the prwftieal (iperallon uf such gran s thus
suggestions of iiiiprovements in the rttlenient of fr. iri ndvancing the interests of the states In
accounts, especially as icgarits the lirge .ninis which the works nre 1 icnted, and nt the samo
of outstanding arrears due to the govi mnn u', ' ''ic the substantial interests of nil tho other
and of mher reforms in tho ailministiativo action states, by enhancing the vnluo and promoting
of his department, wlurh are indicated by the rapid sale of the pu'dic domain. Irefiryoii
secretary ; an also to th" progrr" made fn tho '' 'be report of the sccretury of the interior. A
contriiclion of marine lies,pit,iis, i uatoin ho
unit ot a new mint in aliloruia mid a-g v "(lie
in the city of .New York, heretotoie provided tor
by congress ; and a'so to the eminently Mieecss
fui pioi! e-s ol the ioj1-'. survi y.uinl of the I" i,t-hoin-c
tei t, il.
Anion' the objects meriting votir nttentio ,
will be important recummend ttions from the sec
ntary it war ami nut v
I am fully Hatched
Untitle ii.vv ol lie I. luted Slater is not
condition ot mti'iiglh anil ttlicit ney couiinci ei
ae mill th in r.'n.t nle of o-ir co iiuiercial --id
n'her niti ri 'f ; -ii, I i mien ml to your i spi n il
nttentton tic Miugi -I oils (ai this suliji cl, made
by the Mcretaiy ol tie- n y. I r.spic'to'tv
Bubintt that the ariny, Inch, under our s,Mf in,
Utt nias he rega.deflnjtli the highest ir,t, r
est, as a nucleus .iiMt&Mrhicli the voiiuuir
f ui'-. "ill- ii ' i ai -'iier in 'i
r (Killer ,n : in .,' it o.i ' i in" i
it t i the nn'-' il i v ,, ,1 ,
I ' on- i.i to ' . oit.e i.i i t.'ie
I', ii in li l" s to i nt nitt i or
the te ,', -ry ot w In, h wi'A i
llioii e.iti iii-i it tie -", : u; l-'S n
a ! ' or of d.in,;"r,
i" it mi to aii 'pt
.1 till fl"',i , 1 '-
i o'l.iil ,t the
I' the co: tun nt .
i e ir III the ton
! iiir and I ne : i
! ir.
1,1 t'l" ji'l,-'- it on of th '
pirtineni lur tin. n-i M v -:r r
I-"t. 'li" Ty es i via i ,n,!i v.
l!,.l- ll'i'l 1. o , 11,1 t a , , J ' Ml
li I I' 1 t'lllt' -I 111 ,1 I . - . 1
' ir-- nt ' i nn I "' ! ',, e i r
I"-'
ll',.
,1 ..
.III,."
I 1.1 I
- V I 11 h
: lint
u.r. nt
..I n-. i
, ! th
M t
t
I
I Ii '
te i
r He
,l
ml
"i i , , vi'n Iv to l '. i, -i . i ,
In , v iv ol, line,) Li tl
ge. en! ; ne ii, .; ,
r .ti s I,, . il, j rtn i
tor tu u! -er n n n ,
'i'ne i x'lltilt .11 t',
Irene: tl ol III, u.( onie
' I' twirl ot l,e pi -'i e T
it'- h 'III - ' he I I n oiiiii-
i 1 1 - I . , ii . , ii p- lit 1 to p ii
i ! bv r iilio d eoiiipai,
ri port ol tie- po-lin o 'ei
1111,1 i xpellliltlir' -s 'iv tu hi
f-te eier- w Tl lie tomni
ni. I of a eli .i ns-, r to de
'i till tl Iv 'lit. I, Ml!!".
.it ol the lunni .ll .! e
t.on ol i
.x linn iiiiia inj tj I'-rniit
intis iiij d I'-rniit tr mils n-iori the i.i)
sinw burr in Ji,iv4iuvn hrmielit t.v light th-n
the 't-i-t tear. i.'yV In'foine in-tifiices, fli n-i i1
piini-li'.,. nts infictcil; I., it, uiiloiteiriti
others, iruiltj tntl"H lur.e ic'ip.'(! l.ot tlin,ii;l
th w mi .I'sii li.-i. nt evnleii-'e to w ,rr-,rit a c at
vi'lini, lot iu cm- iiteiice of the p:i v is'.ou- o
luni -Hon in to, t xn-tiiij 'aw s.
1 Mm tli' n titr- ol tln-H el i:u , tie- f ti ii't-li-'s.
,,)' ire- tr 1'iin.ls 'o p '-s np.ei in- m, ne I tl ,
ii o I.' m nn li ih" p, ml is iim, ,tv . Iiirfi-h
o,l t. nil ' ..' ins l i , nine 1 v, it, , nie,itl -t ni
ii I ii ted hv tne i-tiv .oiii- tl.tnciilli. ,s a :( 1. 1 in ii
Th- ,- ,
apj'.ri i,'
V'i ir e ir
1) ir
h-t" Ired
111. I el' V
su-vi v , ,!
1 1 ' , ,
,e i - 'n
p, 1 1 id i
eiiltv -in
in th" 1.,
I -o ! tl !
i tin. ii th s s
t i the i n I-
' It IS Ino-t
ll V e ,r, I. in
ii th ii- ti d
III 1 It
I. I,l-tl.
ie
tint
ail
ii' .ni t
I ,- li-,
nun ! .
- ol
- n i ir
li ll r hei
. Inn I
I'l ll lie!
it lel.H
I 111.
pllll.
1
- -
' t !e u 're. I
.. lie t.
I - "V
I, I to o
I '" ,
1.1 I V 11
p ibl i- lire h -' i . i ! i
ie m ''n.n . i hi v -'hu
nl l l.n-t v liv ... I is ;
r.'v I ii 1 w ,rr . ,ts o
.1
e iii - 1 ! and ,,i it two ton. ami tin. ,
.1 .uui -ilv ncio: n. mil i" er nth. r
it,--, ii ne th. u-i ml thin Inielriil nnd
-s v.-ti -titij c t ih ,1 to the M t , k ,i ,
i I in!-, i- ieen nnlhoii , e. hlltlilr, (' I'ini
hninlr
Cet I Iii,
Iw I ir
fvv -in,p I i
righty-foiir thia-iinl tw i Imhi, ' . , .,1 ni, lifie
three le-n-s ; s. , ctld for ril'riid and .itliei nh
jeets, nnil. ' a.ts ol cougn ts, one mill, .n I. i.r
bun ired nr.! t enty.s. veil lliiie.-niid four hun
dr.d and tittv even acres. Totil amount o'
land- dis;sis. d of with n the fnc il year, twenti-
nve million thn e hundred and I'm ty sue thou
c. i i -n.i i i
t-uiid nine hundred and iinetv-two ncres : which
,:...rit ii .i j
in ni. I iuw; u iMiaimit riitu null lUUUldl llliaer
ui , .', ' ,f ... !.. ... "
Sred ?. Stot
., . ..i i ,.
ntid eighteen acres over the fiscal year lnunndi-
iti .... !',.. r'i i 1 1 I
tCJ S Vt i"S I I 1t
reo and hliy one re es 1 he amount received
sand six hundred and eighty-seven dollsr. Tin;
gj tllt. ',1 ,nrd ouortors of
to.-., .or w . ou.Mi.eo ..m.wemy- iroo luou -
quantity sold the second and third quarters of
tlie year Ir.M, was one million six hundred and
nine thousand nine hundred and tii xteen seres;
nnd the amount received therefor two million two
hundred und tucnty-six thotwand uight hundred
and seventy-siduiiaiiW , t
Tiie i-.hole numbttr of land warrant issued
lmder cx;9tlng tewg priortolhe :10th of Septem
her last, was two huudredand M.ity six thousand
und foity-two j of which there wero outstanding
At IriHt llull fclVtU.klV ftillOMt.ll ll.liu ln.n.trn.1
and forty-seven. The quaintly of land required
to satisfy t;n-s outstanding nrrunts, is four mil. ; '"8 "",l0, th0 "te ''u R"! will ot all, lius,
lion seven hundred and seventy night thousand , ""-ortheless, Iwen the basis of much Hjliticul
one hundred and twenty acres, I uiscittntm, und has stouil us u ditji craven line
Warrants havo been issued to 3(lth of Scptcm-1 ot ll'Vsiu" between stutesmen or eminent abill
ber hist, under the act of JJth February, lrj-17, ll,ld ltriutism. Ihe rule ..r strict oonstruc
calling for twelve million eight hundred and 'l"n ol "1,lK,w!" "''gu'ed 'y '' "ftttes to
Bcvonty-nme thousand two hundred and eight '!' GB"Bru' government bus urriiyotl itself, from
acresjnndtr acts of Septemper i!8, (...0. and , '"". ' "'0. "Km"' tho rapid progress of ex
March IW, 16.VJ, calling lor twelve million five i I-i'J't uro-s from the national treasury on works
huudred and five thuusand threo hundred ond uf n l.Kail chunicU'r within the states. Meinor
sixty acros ; iimking a total oftwuiity-five inilltoii j a "" C1IU0, "J ''? I'ify suMect
three hundrod and eighty-four thousand six hun ,s t1,0 ,M'e ol, Prei'bmt Jackson, of tlio 'I, th
drud and forty acres. ' "ay. I""1, which met the system of inter;
Ii is l.el.eve.l il.,.'nvnori..eo lm. .orifio.1 ii... nal improvements iu its oouiiiurutiie infancy ;
wisdom and justico of tho present system, with i bllt "''"I'"1 had Iwenits growth, that the pro
regard to tho public domain, inmost ointial par-! Jtct ,a',,,',r!'lt . ",s 111 iUa 't"',r fur, Wurks uf
. ' 1 tl.IU Alllir iMuv l,,l,l t-Iuil, t(, tl,.. ,.l ,.,n n ......
tie.illars
Yuu will perceive, from the rcort or the seo
retary or the inu-rior, that opinivns which have
ultcn been expressed in relation tu thu osratiuu
of the land system, us not heinj- u source of rev
enue,', to tho rcdtral treusury, wero erroneous.
JTho net profit from'tbo sale of the public lands
to June oil, 133. amounted to the sum of fi fly -
fibred millions two hundred und eighty-ninu
thousand four hundred and sixty-livu dollars.
KJ I a,-.,..,un.l ,i... ..icnd;.. .o t. i ,.,i b. .......
. , Wl.illll.llll I1U t. VV ll-IU 1 .US, IUU FJ n U
Ibver tho territories of I' tub and New Mexico,
'with stiuli niudifcatiuns ns their peculiarities
may riquire.
Regarding our public domain as chiefly vulu
nble to provide hutav ("r the industrious and
enterprising, l.uuf nut prepared th rccuuiuirud
uny cssittitiaPclSTga in tbo land system, except
by niodiUtalionyni favor tf the uctuul settler,
und nn exrjsiuijiif tho pre-eiuptiun principle in
cirtuin Cfisislfor.reusims nnd on grounds which
will, lie, nully.'duveltiped ill the reports to be laid
UfurjyuUsaaK'
CigrentJfnUng the proprietore of th
territorial ilotnnin, and elmrgotl especially with
Fintr to tllsKso of tcirltory lielongitij to tho
nltetl Stnteg, Ims for n long; "course m years. 1m
ginning with the mlniiiilstmtion of Air. Jefler-r-on,
exercised tlio power to eoiistruct roads with
in tho territories ; and there are so inanv and
ohvions distinct ions between this oxerriso of
tmwer and that of tnakin'f roads within tho
states, that the former bus never been consider
tsl su'ijeet to sueli objections us npplr to tho
latter, nnil such may now lm considered tho set
tled construction of the lamer of the federal gov-
emmtit iinon (he enhiect
nre.nl x iiniiiAtior. however, will show that
tins exs'rii nee is the regu.t of a just disertinin-
ti in, ami will be fir from iill'ifling eneouriige
nv nt to a iccklcss or iridiscriminnto extcnidon of
ti e j rim i le
I e met end to yntir favorable consideration
the men of genius of our country, who, by their
inventions und discovirtcs in science nud urt.
hi'ie contributed lnrg ly to the iinprovetiients.of
inr uj.", naiiiiui, in many insiuuccs, securing
for themselves any thing like an adequate r.
wanl. Per tunny ititeri sting details upon this
snlijfet I refer you to the appropriate reports,
ami i,eei,illv nrje up m your c irly attenti n
the a) nrently sliaht, but really imp Vtnnt, un.d
ifcuti uis o! ex i.-ting laws titer, in suggested.
The liljir.d spirit nbich hus so l ing marked
tl.e not ton ot coi'grcss in r.hitimi to the district
of (iiluml t i will, I l,.ive no d"u' I, lontim.e to
ti lie.li'.lested
111 erection of nn 'isvlum I r tlie insan of
i' e ili-tiiiiol t '.ilt, mi, i i. nud "I 11 ormy niid
,i "! tie t niii , Mat, i, l-.is 1 1 en ,n , u I ,.t
p ,id ,1 lo the ere t il"inund I ,r tn.iti ri iN and
I.i or iluitne tl i ti ot sun, un r, hot lull tie; n--
Itl I
turn
t i
,u,1 ,, v.
wit;
mi"
I r
I ir ti e li e 111 itl of li tticilts, lie!,
e I
.111 1
I l.ill
i I tin r winl. r, is anti, i, it I
I . 1 1 e h t re.e. ,n t ' In lleve. It.
tltelnl I itt l .11 l'.ll, I I'M ie
1 tl I
I ,1V i I "ll
tnini-! "1
lo ih n i-
I. VMt'l t I
Ih 1. -! I
i, I tl . Ill !
I ,
, l.ltl
', tl It It
I l In!, -
v ill
nd
ii I. ,
1,1,1
i i,,
i I i
. n! Mill
wisl
I
. .in I
nn I
ll
t1
' I 1 i in t s "' i ;i -t
I I,
I .'
I -J,
' ! t M ,leh 1- i . ,lesi , ,1 I , -
, . tlie. in s ,i l asnn ,.i"i, ,m, I o i -et .w n .ill
a'-in -i .ni i ply . i j: l inul w h I i e v .ter,
it lie cm i - mv iliitv to ix. inline the r pert .u-d
J'l II s ei tl e t lllln , r vv l.o 1 lid ebaiee ol ie s ir
v. nin1 i tne .let hist named To" liest, ii not
i .11 1 x lan. r ilculat. t i secure permanently
t! - I I t .eg' t, w,,k tlmt winch e.int.'.n I. it. s
lakiiii' tl " vv.,t(v lroin the n..r P.. lis ot the
I' t in e i ml, i , lis iiu 'iitlv, I "it" to it mv np-
I e ll
'"i tKe j-rigress im.l pfaMint suuditi.ei of il i
i . ,.i t ,nt ' rk, end l',r its deunnitls, s i lur i s
; l i .ti-'tis i.i-e t on, , rn .1, I rcler vou to liio
1 1 "i ! tl e mi i n tni v ol w ar
1
ps'.u
I'"
i.i
tl
e tis nt we ii i. 1 system o tlio lintnl
-!,n w In en iu "peratioii (or so long il
I .,1 ti ne. ..nil lus, in its general tlnry
inn, n ot its thi.nl-. beeiane ko I miili.ir to
I I in , ..in! ,i ipoi' I s , i i.itr Iv the i id lie
, i, ,. t'.it il -nsl.h.il iii miv r -j. 1 1 , it
si I l-l
ii K inline." i.irtiml isuli. h m ,v
' ; i' t ll , io. i. is il . i. i,t, j ,,j nl ni , ,,"
'Ji.iisii , i (,,, i mi. ,, Mali-.. In llio re-
ii, ti i I'-- .1 i - itioi - I li ' nirts is ii w t ii-
1 ti t t . i. t,n s i,
i . 1 . ': - , .1-, i,i, in. , I vv i ii
I i , . V. i-i i -in. 1 iw.i. 'I', j s
' he l ,1IH-
I', t! i ,'i,l s
..I 1 ( .
,lll
III. i . .- in t- . I : 1
II I li
t
ll
I '. .
, I I
III 1
ill' I -
. 1 1- ,
til III
i. ll. I
(l
I I'
ll I
' 1
111
ll ,11, t
,t
ll f
si lit , 't ' e , ,i - Itnll 11 Ul.,1 ll
e ,i,i t . i , . 1 1 1, ii. r ,t ..ll r , -t.,i
1,1 1 1 l.l.l 1 I I ... "11 t'll I- me ll
ol t1 "
II g 111
I, , 1 I , He J,. '.1 1 .1 tri'MIl, .Is I li 1,, t,.
I , I 11,1 , 1,1 I oli-l ' I tl ,i tli- il, ,,! t.ilit
sn-j ,t, v, hi, Ii, iii lit luiiit tit. ,ein i Is the
) it.lv :,, tn.n of ci'i.ei.ss I will r, s. nt to
vou, ,1' .1 in, d .1, sir,.' I '. ti ) I n, vvhith I i.m
) ri p r il t ' r- comuiriid. 1,-r the i nl nemeiit i.nd
in, nlil.. .iti n "I the pre-ei t ju.lii i 1 sv-cni
'J i e iii t of congress ' MuUisI ing the Sicitliso-
liilll II Hi.i.tioli 1 roli'ted that the Pn -i'li lit of
tl-- I i,ii, d Mnti-K i.nd ..'her p rsoin t! . n in de
sign it- d, should constitute an " eslahlisluiient "
oy imu name, anu iimi me inemiK'rs snoun
,' ,, . . , , , , .. r .,
bold shited und special meettngs for tbo sillier
by that name, and that the ineiiiliers should
r . I il- i' .1 ... r..i
. vision ol the ullairs ol the institution. I bo or-
T
mo prolan' that it should lie effected without dc-
i 1 n', i i i
H is bus Ijeen done ; and mi oeeastoii was
thereby jienteil fi.r inscting the condition of
' ,, M, illflllBWf8. b 1
. , - itlwl , ,k fi,..,,.,,,,,, ,..i,ir.
ution lur tho estimates ol works nf a luenl char
acter in tncnty-seven of the thirty one states,
amounting to one million s-ven hundred mi l llf-
ty-foui- thousand live hundred dollars, hcctiusa,
independently of the grounds which have so of
ten been urged against the application of thu
fodenil revcninflbr works of this character, ine
quality with onnequut iiyuitico i. inherent In
tbo nature of tbo iroujsition, and because tho
plan litis proved eutiiely inadequate to the ac
complishment ot tlio oojectH sought.
i . 'fbe subject of internal improvement, claim.
ot more than one hundred millions uf dollars.
Iu that mesaago the l'nsident uduiitted the
difficulty of bringing hack the operations of the
govermmuit to the construction of the constitu
tion eat up in 17'stij, und inuiked it us un admon
itory proul of thu necessity of guarding that
instrument with sleepless vigilance against the
uutliorily or preceslents, which bad not the
btuiciioii ol its most plainly defined sjwers.
Our government ciists under u written com
imet between sovereign states, uniting for sjeci
lic objocts, nnd with ss-cifiu grants to their
gem ral agent. If, then, in the iirogrcs of its
udtninistrulion, there Intve l-eeu Uiuirtures from
the terms und intent of the coiiiHict, it is, and
v ill ever bo, n.per to refer luik to the fixed
standard which our fathers left ns, und make ti
stern ili'jrt to confurtu our uction to it. It
would sci-iu that the full of u principle having
been resisted from the first by many of the wis
est und most putriotie men of the republio, und
ii policy Inning pruducud constant strile, with
out arriving at a conclusion which can be te-
vol. XLVirr,
5Anled as satlsraetory to Ita mnst earnest ndvo-lof
cafes, should Eugirest. the inquiry whether thcro
imty not lie in plan likely to bo crowned with ,
happy results. Ithoiit perceiving nny sound
distfnctnm, or Intending to nasrt nny principlo
aa ojiKiseHo improvements needed for the pre-
tectum of internal commerce, which does not
erually nj ply tu improvninents on tho seaboard
for tho protection of f irejgn commerce, I submit
to you, lietltcr It mny not lie safely anticipated
tlmt, if tho pillcy were once settled ngainat a-
liropriiitiotis by the general government for locol
linnrovemcnts for tho Iwnellt of oommcrco, lo-
ciilttlcs requiring expenditures would not, by
modes nud menus clearly legitimate and proper,
raise the fund necessary lor such constructions
oa llio safety or oUier Interests of their com-
tn"rce might require.
If that can lip regarded as a system, which,
in the experlenee or mora than thirty years, has
nt no time s . commanded the pv.'die judgment
us to give it the character of n. settled isilicy,-
i i. li, though it has iHlmvd s mm works r
coiiceeded liiinortiitice, has la?en nttcndeil with
... ... .......
nn oxramdlture quite dlsproporttoniite to th. ir
vaiu,nmj has resuitrit in eqtMimionng laree
sums upon olijects which have nnwtml na val-
lautws,-lob .oicn siB . . io. u muwi, re
ouired It to la. abaiidoned unless hopes bo in-
..i Hume nmcii m.o .... .........it in Ul0 FmTO tfmll hnxaci,, v a wi10 nro ntJff
'".l. i .i ,'endeiivoring to meet the obligations ofduty, the
, ith an ntixioti, desire fir the completion of year I860 will Ik, recurred to ns a t3riod filled
the works vvhicl, are reg.in ed by every good eit- witll nmiims nrrreheiii,m. A successful war
izcn with sitn cre interest. I hove dce.ne.1 it mv , hmi just termitiaied. Peaoo brought with it a
duty to nsk nt your hands a deliberate recnsi.f- ,,1(lt nugtiipntation of territory. Disturbing
i-p.it mn of the question, with n hope tlmt, mil- nations arose, liearing upon the domestic instil
mated by u desire to promote the permanent and ttililim ot on0 Imrtim, of the conre-lr-rncy, and
sui.st.mt,,! interests ,.f ti e country, y. ur wis- illt(.iTin(! ,10 constitutional rights of the states.
..u... , .ovs. r.i iu in.- uh ... -ie..-i..K no.,
mnturnn; a lilan. wlnell. milled to fiis Sllliicct.
limy promise sonietl inj; lietter than Constant
stnle, the suspension of the power of local en
t. ririse, tho ex iting of vnin bop) s, and the
disappoin'.uient of cherished expeelutl ins
ii expen.line the iuii r t nations made liv
, - i i ,
1 ist congress, sever..! e.is. s h ne :. risen in rela-
ongri'
ti. ti to works fur th.i iu, r .veuient ot Inirbora,
wl i, h iu dve questions ns lo the right of Roll
nnd jtiiisi.ii tion, nnd have tbreuUned conflict
bet we. il "ie authority of the state and general
i; . .nun it-. He nl t t in t a bh ak-
w t'l', ."'tty, or .Inn, Viillil ,o' il. tleei s
p irity, t i co ry with it .he pi.vni I i i"'i -t
utelireirii sin li coni.li uctt in - 'I ! is e in otilv
li i II . tit ot . none liy liavi.ig jiu
t1," ,il lillt II I i I. Ills,' "I t - c
ii. tl. -I over
!-.!!ttlti,Ul is
tollll,!, on w he Ii to Ii nL tl
M " to e. lse j. . is ll i
Nt.,, . xi ' t that i nlei i'
t' n of the frs artii ' I
i l.ilin i, the I nit' d
o ev. r tiie s il ot a
1 '.y t'.e i i,;hth s, -t1
e, esiitotiol). It
1". i't .11 cases wbeie
et.. liv ll.e general
. tl i n,
I i -1 ni i
v , 1 t 0,
sn' mitt, I. vvl'i
ton , nr.- t.lii i
. tl i
I 1
,1
. iu.,l nut hrit 1 o'
I ' " mice to
n l niie'e t.
K- 1' l'-e j 1," s ll., n
1', i is Will i- tt e I, 1 1 it. it 1
, n-'i uction ol
y n v i,h d tor in
nress, i reli-r
tl .i) r.i) riati. ns , i t In
V u to tin- rt oi l oi the i
1 1
. 1. i, n , nl vv ar.
1 1 i re is one mi'ii et ... ,
ivhi. Ii. honi iis intiitiste ii
ia .tiv uiteiesttn inn sti, aa
i .1 nn st.e natur .
iportnuc", and the
of luturo policy
it itivolv, s, i .niiiot t ,.l ti receive yair
e.nly a'tLtilioti I alle le t . the ii--.ti.sj of emu- iem to this great triut. While men iilhahlting;
liiiini. nti.li, by which difl'ercnt nits of the wide difli-rcnt part of this vast continent can no moro
t pniis" ..I our c lunlry are to be plaeeil in tins-1 lie expected tu bold the Bamo opinions, or enter
ir e .iiiitetion for ,.ir-i'se both t.i .lelenne nnd j tain the s.imo sentiments, than overy variety nf
ceiiiinereial interroure, nnd more especially su. h cliuiiitu or soil ouil bo lupected to furnish tha;
as iipiicrtniii to thu communication ol those 1 samo iigriculturul products, they can unite in u.
gr. .it OiviniuiiH of the Usii.a uhich lie on the joowiiioti object und sustain eornmon prinipl-r
., , si e fi le of i he 1( rlky Mount. lins , titial lo thu nitiintcn mco of that object?"
I'bat tl v liunent baa not li.en iinmindl'ul Tlie gallant men of tho south nnd the north
oft ia I., ii t .lor.-, ia tiipai-i-nt tioui tho aid it I eould stand toeetlier durinir the struizlo of the
l.i.siifl.iul J. lliMU"h iiiiiiv,iiui.itiiiiis fur tnt.il
I... iliii"s .mil "1 1 1 1 i.iiri i us Hut thu gencr..!
so it wo! ii 'w 1 ri s nt its If under uspetK
more 1 1 1 1 "dug i.inl tn.-re jurely national, by
m nl the sum 18 ordered l-y ci ingress, itml
now in p ici ss nl i. au lcti, li, lor tuiuuiuuit i
ii io by raiivvax niroHs tho i aitini nt, an.l whol
ly v. ith. n ll e limits ol 1 1 I nil- i Stati s.
I l,e i.mi r to .leel.ire war. to i.tise and sun-
( i t ,n n.n s. t (invnle inl m. int iu u n.ivy, "I'll faith strong nnd universul, to s,iy that their
i, ml to i -.ill I aii, t1 , n.iliii i 1 1 . v . ute the liiWH, s(,s. whosii bloosl mingled so often upon tho
su j ri s insi ir. . ti. in, mid r pel mi isinns, was "'f1" ''old, during tho war of 1815, nnd who
,,i n rred n - i. . -i.gn sk, ns in. mis to proi '-de I '" ive more recently borne in triumph-the flag of
I r it., .i il, li toe, mi, I to rotci t n tctri-; '''' country; ujam n foreign soil, vvril never wr-
i . .,.1 i , u! ti ni ii i wi,, sj r, .nl und viu-t- "lien..ti'.n or feeling to weukun tbo power of
Iv iniil i, li l A- in. iih nl Iti. i.d in lisjons-' 'beir united clliirts, nor Internal dissensions to
,,'M, l.i'tlei'. ri i- "t rliisjower it must Bonn-- ' IiruIyzo the grunt arm of freedom, uplifted for
turn s l-i eiss ,rv io c iiMiui-t military roads ":u vindication ofself-governuie.it.
. ii I j i ,t, 1 1 I. nl. is , re uge. to n propria- j I havo thus briefly presctiti'd mch tuggcslions
ti s I , . i ,;i, -s ! i sin h o'., i t... i, i .sound ol,- ns se-tii to mo eiecially worthy of your consid
t ns can l-r..'.s,-.l. II. ilv I-i our conn- ution. In providing fur the resent, you can
tiv, its p.nilul polity ami i.ipilly increasing hurdly fail to nvuil y.iurs-lves of the light,
p. nl .tn ii imp -e upon us ii i nr.-nt neeessity whiuh the eiperienoe of tho )ist ousts upon tho
I, : r, i iti, i , ,ii .1 leave 1, nt li w tr icklees des- future.
rts In tvve. n uss.iila'.le pints tnni il patriotic The eruwth or our population has now brought
P , le . ver really -ind g. n. r, liv uhlo to protect us, in the destined career of our national liisto-
I I. - m . These necessary links, ihe enteriiris.i ry, to n point at which it well behooves us to
ims 1 . n. of our pindu nro st. a. lily and bold- ciiund our vision over the Mist prspectivo.
lv struggling to supply. All expeiiuneo affirms f he suocessive ducennial returns tit the ccn
t at, wherever private enterprise will nvuil, it tin since the adoption or the constitutign bavo
is most wise lor the general government to lenvo reveuled u law ut steady progressive develop
to that und individual wtituhiulues the locntiun inent, which may bu stated In general terms, ns '
I nnd execution of ull means of coiniiiunientiiin. a duplication every miarter-eentury. Carried
The surveys bofuro nlludtsl to wero designed forward, from the point already reached, for
, to nsoartuiu the most practicable nnd econoiui-1 only ti short period of time as applicable to tho
' eal route for a railroad from the river Minis-jijv oxstenco of u nation, this law of progress, if
i pi to the Pacific Ooenn. Parties arc now in i unchecked, will bring lis to tiltnost ineredihlo
tho field making explorations, where, previous results. A largo til.owunco fur u diminished
, examinations hud not supplied iuilkiuut diitu, proportional i-lloet or emigration would not very
nnd w here there was the best reason t i luqie iiiuterinlly reduce the estimate, while tho in
the object sought might lie lound. Tho means creused uvcr.igo duration of human lifo, known
nnd tiiuo iM'itig lajth limited, it is not to lie ex- to hnvo nlre.nly resulted from the scientific and '
jsactetl tlmt nil tho Hecurute fcnowledge desinsl hygienio iiiiiroeiuents of thn past fifty years,
will be obtained, hut it is hoped that inuoli ami 1 will tend to keep tip through the uoxt fifty, or
important information will lie added to tlio perhaps hundred, ttio sitae ratio growth, which
,stK-k pi uvioiisly pot-Messed and ti.ul partial if 1 lias lieon thus revealed In our past progrcsa ; and
nut full reports of thu surveys nnltreil will lie to thu inlluencu of these, onuses mny lie added
received, in time for transmissiun tu the two tho influx nf luborni" uinsses from intcrn Asia
' li..i.i...a ,,P niiti'-nki, 11 in- t-'-l.ipM tli-i flrsr Af,,.i I tit the 1' leitTe uiitu nt finp luun.suiolis. tn"Qtbrr
, iiuy ill a coiuttljl llUAt, un io..iiiuu i-r inu ncv
I of appropriation. Thu magnitude of the cntci-
liriso eontouiiilated bus aruused, und will doubt -
less ooniinuu iu excue, n very gencnu inieresi
thruii:
ghuut the I'smiitry. Iu iis political, iu its
commercial. awl its military bearings, it has vuri -
oil, great, und incro-uing claims tu ounsideratiuti.
The hem v exneiihB.tbe eieat dtilav. and. at tirnus.
fatality attetidin;; tnivel by either ol the isth- with themselves, by n jiuacetul and liualthy pro
mus routes, hniu deiuuustruted tho advuntuee 'cess of inoorpiiration.BiKiciou rgjons of virgin
which would result from lnterritorial ouoimuni- und exuberant Bull, which are destined to swarm
cution by Biioh s ue aud rapid moans us u rail-1 with the last growing und fast-sj reading mil
road would supply. Huns of our ruce.
These difficulties, which luive been cnooun- Thive considerations seem fully to justify the
terod in ii period of pMco, would be magnified presuiiiption, that tl.u law of population above
und still further increased in time of vvitr. Hut stated will eontinuo to act with uiidiminislied
whilst thu cinlinrrussnients utieudy t nrouutt'red, ell'i t, through tit least tho next halt' century ;
j and others under new contingencies to lie untie-
i patcd, may serve strikingly to exhibit the im -
i......... .'......t ..:.i. i... ii.... ,ii
KfllUOtS3 Ol BUVrll , ,.iit, ..i.-m I tiiv-ev, .u uu :.i--s- . iivvuitii, i.iii ousv tnti. -s .--v,
ouiisideratioiis couihiiieil, can buvu un nppreclu- sjiectaele uf more than one hundred millions oi
hie value, when weighed against the obligation jsipulatiuii cinbruced within the majestic propor
strictly to rulheru to the oonstitiitlon, und I'uith-. lion uf the American Union. It i nut merely as
fully to execute tbo jvvcrn it confers. Within , an interesting topic ol speculation that 1 present
this" limit und to the extent ur thu interest of, these views lur yuur const Jeiuiiuii. They have
tlio government involved, it would seein both iuiairtnnt pruC'enl liearing upon nil tho politi-cexj-tiilierit
and prupcr, If nn economical und pruc- eal dliliss we are called upon topcrlorui. Ilero
ticublo route shull be found, tu uid, by ull , tefuro, our system of goivmuieut lias werkod un
conetitutluual means, in the construction what may be termed u miniature- scalo, in com
uf ii road which will unite, by speedy ' purution with tho development, wbioh it must
transit, the populations uf the Pacific and ' thus ussuuie, within u future so near ut hand, fis '
Atlantic state. Tu guard ugainat mis- scarcely. to bo beyuud the pri sent uf the exist
ouiiceptiun, it should bo remarked that, nl-j big generation.
thuiigli tho piwer to onnstruet ur in the ouu- it is evident that a confedunition so vast and
struction ofa road witblu thu limits of a turn'- so varied, both In numbers nud in territorial ex
torv is not emlmrrassod by tlmt qutstiun uf jur-1 lent, in habits and in interests, i mid only bo
isdictiun which wuiild urlse within the lituits of, k i't in uatianul cohesion liy tho strictest fi
ll elate, it is iieuitheless held to l-o of doubtful I delity to the principles of the. constitution, u
pjiver, und more thun doubtlul propriety, even , understood by tlioso who Imvo iidhercd tu tho
within the limits ofa territory, for the general
government to undertake to administer the af
fiirs ofa railroad, u canal, ur other tituilur
construction, und therefore that its eonuection
with u work ofthis cburactet should be inciden
tal rather thun primary. I will only add, nt
present, that, lully appreciating the maguitude
no. -i whole no. s-igi.
the mhWct, and froHcitotii that tho Atlantic
and Pacifio sborcs of the republio may bo liound
together by Insrpiratlo ties of common interest,
ns well ns common feilty mid ntttohtnent to tho
Union, I shall lie dlu.is'jd 83 fir ns my own ao-
tion is concerned, to follow the lights nf the
constitution, ns oxpoundfsl mid illustrated byJK
thoso .whose opinions and expositions cnnstitutoH
tho standard of my piliticnl Viith in rogurd to
the powers of tho federal government. It is,ll
trust, not necessary to say, that vm gyiindeurjf.
enterprise, nnil no presen', urgent rndiiccnientF
promising fsipular favor, will lend mo ti disro-
gird thoso lights, or to depart from that pith,
which experience 1ms proved to bo safe, nnd
whiuh is now radiant with the clow of prospri
ty and legitimate constitutioiiurprogross. Vo
can afford to unit, but wo cannot nfford to over-
look tho nrk of uur security.
U u n o(. , .lr1oS3 to give proSi-
non(M) t(, , M1bjct, wnieh nmy pr-perly be rrji,
wt at ri,,t , t,lfl (i(.j,,Prat iudgmontT
f tw 1,9. ilut t,, pwseriiUiabrrgirt
,.in, i,..A.. ,..i .i... c...... . r..n ..P.isS?.i .f.ri
-.i." i.'iei , ii,fc mu i.i. ii. j lull .J I ucio'liiu'.ties
Inducomcnt for tho exercise of .ictlfe"lfiTelli-
g.noe, the past never In. vvith-mt useful le-
mt Bf BItnoiutlfln nnd frtstructlnti. If iU d;Ur
fiers 8crn, not ,,B lioneims, they will eviueTTtty
fn,l to fuinil the obj,-ct ofa wlso design. Wlioh
i j,,lt notwithstnnding diflcn-tices of opinion and
I . .-i.!-i. .i".. i.. i
sentiment which then existed in rclutiun to de
tails aud specific provisions, the ftcqiilesceneo of
distinguished citizens, whose devotion to tho
Uuiun enn never be doubted, lias given renewed
1IAIF tl. OOP tnaltll.lt. ,n n.l ,..v.ul ., .nnM. C
,ni ,!. i -,t,ti :a it,...t..
c. ... .- iv i-u-iiw iiiiiiu uuiniEii-
,,, ,i,- ,,f,.,i-, ti... ii.s. i 7.r
ter no hihick .luring my ollicuil tvrm, if I havo
power to avert it, thosu who placed tne hero may
lie assured. The wisdom of men who kiww
wbat independenei cost who luul put nil nt
j stake upon tlie issue of the revolutionary btril-,'e-
disposed of the subject to which 1 rXcr, in
too enly w ay consistent with the union of these,
, stati s, mi l with tiie march of power nnil pros
perity wlueii lias iniiiio us what we nro. Jt is a
significant fact, that from tho adoption of tlio
constitution until tho olfioers nnd soldiers, of tho
revolution had passed to their graves, or, thro
the infirmities of nga und wounds, had censed to
luirticipute natively in public affairs, there, was
not merely n ipiiet iioquicscenco in, but n prompt
vindication ol, the constitutional right, of tho
atiites. '1 be reserved powers were scrupulously
i i ted. No stntesinnn put forth tho narrow
v, vrs ol i i-tiistH til jiistily interference und ngi
I tutn in, hut thotpirit of the compact was regard
ed as aacrtal in the eye of honor, and iudispen
I sable for tlie grout experiment id civil liberty,
which, environed by inherent difficulties, was
jet borne forward in nppnrent we.ikocss by n
jmvvcr superiiir to all obstacles. There is no
I eondeinnutioii, whieb thu voice uf freedom will
not tiruiiiiunco tinon us, should wo rroro fnith-
i revolution : thev cuuld stand tteruther in tho
moro trying period which Biiccccdeil the clangor
of arms. As their united valor was adequate to
all the trials of tho camp und dangers of tho
Geld, so their united wisdom irnioil equal to tho
greater task of founding, iiji.ui u deep. and broad
basis, institutions, wlui.li it has been our privl-
1 legs to enjoy, nnd will ever bo our most sacred
duty to sustain. It is but the feeble CXI rcssion
oitu inn piooiioio iiuwhbiuii ui tov jiujiui.niuiis
, nlrondy existing in other parts of our licmis
1 phere, which, within tho period in question,
win mci, aviiu yeuriy increasing lorcc, mq nuiu
irul iitfnictiun of ho vast, iwivcrful, and proep
xr-
, ous n oonfederatioii or n'lf-govcrn'mi; rciiubli
ics,
and will sock tbo irivilege of being lulmttted
within its safe unit balinv Isisoin. tr.llisfciiin-r
and that thousands uf persons who have already
, arrived ut maturity, und are, now exercising thu
,;i.t,rr... ,. ..:n i.... n ..,., it,,.
muvt restricted oottstructloti of tho tsiwcrs gran
teal by tho t-eoplo and the states. Interpreted
und upiilitxl according to thoso principles, tbo
great compact adapts itself with healthy cans
r,..'..,i: i,: .......,tr...:..,i ,...nr:,n ,.r',i, ,.
.,,' iVtll,U bU ,, UllllUlltKU .,bl,Dt, W. ,MU
benign system of led-irativo soll-governuient, of
which it it our glorious and, 1 trust, immortal