Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume], June 22, 1855, Image 1

About Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883

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bermottt tDatcfyman
State
ISSUED SIMULTANEOUSLY AT MOXTPEL1EU, NORTlIIiTELD, WATERHURY. &CJ.
FRIDAY, JUNE 22, lbfio.
liY K. P. WALTON, J It.
VOL. XLIX, NO. 00 WHOLE NO. '2540.
Wntrjjman tntc 3ottrnnl.
ru:ii.isiir.i Evnnv rrtniAV mornino.
BalS. l -SOaaah ldin $,0nif pajmatit
not maHa.n tJt met I Inlt mUIii ehaitS floro
ht and wtlh ttai.
Anna ted it a II. I nf ajtnt. te'aaalta tutitcrirtionti
dttrtit tmentt mdoiiromunieatlon., and aiknawlJ(t
patni.ntrot the lima.
nikcMtifi.t.j.N.mMrnov,
lltookli,H. II.HHITII,
Cabni.c. v. nnowx,
l. n.llle, CIIARl.tJ . tIAN'A,
Clntolt, t.. M tlltOlT,
nrjriik, nnivAuii ii.pau vr.fc,
Jaha.oa.U. IV.SCOIT,
Matbiild,r. o. i-utnam,
Murmtillt, J. f. NUYI.fl,
MlrlJIa.M, JB5SF. JOHNSON, Jf.
.Vmlb6i'M,r..KJ!IT!t,
Oiinif , UAH 103 CAItrBVTEIt,
ruinllfld. A.T. IHNCIIOPT,
PoiHti II .rdwlrk,!'. PIIIPUAX,
Biuw. JllSF.ril It WMO.NK,
HualT.ild, Wl l.l.l l Rnl.LINR,
mth rtirfTtJ, I11MCI. W . JL'lltl,
Tuaailitr. AARON N KINIi,
Wiil.fi-I.l and F.n.OIMnn.MtTU
XV.rtm, PR AVKI.IN A. U rttiillT.
Wal ilwift Bad Du''orY,
WillUmilawn.tXIIII'' I'tiinr.,
W.itr.iift.JONM' ARHiiTr,
HUilronl)
a.
1835 Vt. Central liailiond. 185ft
SV It I N t A It 1 1 A Mi I ..II T.
rVoitiiem ami Veti ni, Itiilivli
ninl Unilcil -tales .Hull Koine.
Trains Going North.
1.KAVK WIMKOH l. P II., '
an.tlwr'td U't dlliatW.i tin Hi Rail im.rnti'f
rtla-Miral 7 i I M , tl nt.M
Wkilt Rlt. r J..ll"a J 1 if.-.".. WIK.) to.c
tia Mini Ir 111. f-.r 1 id. n.' mi., .ail rlanii fwf thi
w.'i, la.tiac' t'li'n.lKiia iha -am- .j.
l.v Mialflf 1 a ft 3 M p M.
' Omliaftwaal 5 JO., mi In, 44 . ai. U &,I0 p m
a-l .uaaai't at Hou..1. I' Ir.in. rar'd.n.
Iiurli .H il.iairaal III it..-
Trains Going South.
I.K WK UOUSB'tf PUl N I' .1 (. A . M 1M A.M. awl
3 Ml if.
' Hi. AHiaa. nl'i.m.MI,,a k 4H. ..
II nliBf.n .I 7 ii i... IU r "
' M.i .ipaliaf ' (.IS ' I I' .
TL.AAI, m. r..in ir.,m ll'.u..'. Toint feaaafll al
Whla ti'.tot iaarlina aad W . uii.1.1. 1 1 b 'lliia.fml
II ,..00. V.k iil mn m. - rmiM,
nn hh.io.1 fARi.irn i" i. "iiii-ii
Hiil'TB, idia N V..ik 1 1. . .j...a ...mm
T11.k-1.r11f Ni.aira Fa I.
tiff.i i, ll4!rO)t,Ct.lCkt
9i.l.iui. K.nia. aa.1 i.Ui
iwr.ila at a.lPla
lioa. un Vctmaal Caniral n-u.
it. stir!tnt;itn,
I i.a.. V. C. It. R
Nmtkllald, Vt. Ha, 51, IIU. 3V
ior litem, H., I.nilroud.
Altai I'". 9. 1611, op r...-atal train, l-a.a
..... ,1 .1 10 11 A. M. .nd J I' tl . oruo .M...I.I,
i ....... ..I
c..imriia( wim itia Ira'a. u.i-t i Vairaaat Ce.iml
I,.... Wbna Kl.ai Juuanoa, 1 7 OS A.M. .nl
1330 T. M.iir.in arrl.a'ol tha fall from lho Og
daui'.urjh, Vl. Caairal, eai.ua.i.ic asd ..bilaltoua
tala llallru. 1.
Do'ti ihr IIjb T-alo. oi On. Ito.d rnnnrcl at
N . a h ii i uh train, to Oioion Janrimn, Wuira.ler,
Nuiwieb, NawVatk, I'ra.idaara.f ,tinliald AVC , all
at Ciat.anl wit'i ratal ta l.iri .mvati , Slaacha.trr,
L.rauca andrjalam , aaj Na.t.aa, Lawall and llw.
t0' O.MO.l) V M rCAUNtf. Ataal
CoaaorJ.N. Il.S.i.3J. I'M
ALUAfN Y vV UIJTI.ANU
RAIL 110 AD.
v'OW OI'KN NI RI'NM G I IlKOUlUI to Al
i lt4Df vrithout chtnf wl L'f
1853. Fall & .inter Ar- lS.r3.
raugcmrnti
.L ......... ,k,... M.,'l.,..rrn, 111
d.n.'.urjh. Maflml. Ii..tt..'. I'aiai , I'latlibm and )
UtffMxlo i lu Tr... , Vihan. and S. w Voik, ,
n ii i j tn.iD,ijn ,
via Rutland and Eagle Bridge,'
. n.inetinfl wilti Uutlul -iU U i unjituii, una uea
i Hirei KtlfOsd.
i'B4rvrifai rout my trlf uwb tnkin tl
t.n CH4UCllififl wU(.tb4 iitfer.i. Uontiii, iJ(i1iird
Till f t WLt HOVTI 1J Which pCNClB UK
-abtfrU(ti I burnt to fim M.u(fil luNw Vofk
NO CIIANGB UK CAUS,
Cnadnrlora at Ua;axa .vla.iara unwell tlattaad and
Tr ! lti.njr. .... ..
,i HV 1'ilAIV Uaraa Hut Iih21 S.tS A. M.
rtfcvosn riiviN i-. i"uiiiai..r. iano a ii.
arn.a..t I'M, 111 I". M. a.l A Iti.a, l l .l.,la..a.
Tr.it I.ISI'. VI. ol Adam 4.4HI'. M.fu.Na koik.
Arri.a.al Na VoiaK IS I-. l ,
I'lllllll THAIS Lata. Ilarliailnn UO I1
si.
df at lialliad, a.l laa.a. Kullaa.1 ai ti.U A
am. a. at I rot 1U A fli.tnw ..-. i.w...L..
Tr.it lll.M V VI.. "I Ui. 10 'i V.M.TirAa-.
I....
w Voik,
am, a al Naw V'ulk 4.10 1'. .
I'll-ia.. Tiaiu rr llad'.l.. laa.a. AlUaay 10.31 A. II.
TrnnaliTIkal. loi pr.iuurad at tba Itutlaadand
nuiliujlou ll.llro.d , r t
JVHIlV Vlll.1.4, ataal, lliirllnlaa.
ri. TILI.KV, Ti..eili A(;.l.
Ilia. Tnioaia TkI l OarTila, flaaaalaail, To
a 1 1, .latruit, t;t ietna.it. I'b'f and alt ihrWa.-
ar . .ill. Ill .4a at laa .nnca ,n mi nan.m .,,
narllniunll.llruid. uirte Alalit. uillia Allianj a.
Kulliai! llnlriiid.
Ilu:it ClKlia1 riraafl to froj. Albanf ol
Vmk.
i. .11 ..... i...nil Aim Pl.aa Htmrttkrfh
i r.taLK BHinnr. iiovrt: I
Raillatlaa.iVcT.S. It.'-I.
mi'i
Coter-I'lalt! mid I.ithoKi'n.iUic
E. P. Walton, Jr.,
STATU STItKBT, MON ri'ELIER, VT.
snxr noon in rue coi'KT-uoutii:,
I.ieni d loaniwai .ir.'iti. fn I'ujiiirint M-al Plait I
and l,nhir.l.ia I'naliojt latli. tia.t altlaa and at
IIJ fliea. -.lien II
WED'.IIN'I, BLI.. VtSITIMI tt ni'SINESB
NOTES, ntl.UIIKAIIH, WIM), HTOCK 0M1TIF
ioati:h, iinAt rs ti.
I.lttiitrafihia work daaa a. kaaj.oioa If alaol-plolr
and much cheaper.
Ar-!ltieelmeni In ha taea at iha ifllr a.
G ILM AN S C L A R K ,
CiAURIAGE ilANUfACTtJUUU, Muoipclitr,
Via
TKUdONH wiihtnt fof optnor rttU uWn
pH'ol. Iaiidiutimici our cwrl..
V.C it LM tN JH. W.Ctiil.
Dental Circular.
A fTKll ato.ulai.l purine ot m, profat.ion foilhi
4 a
?Iot Annrovcil I'riucliilvs.
ad wilhlta aid olatltlia r.cilul.i .ITorJ.d h, tba
btutraiiorUaataltcitnca,atti lartttjr oraptialiva
Surgical and Mechanical
4 X will tvil plt ufih fitifiat bpiTiaitr la
ur( Ik imp'Htiat d-Jij ( ilUodiuf la Tt'KTH,
ft aw t do t'fti lo bltk, comfofiaad prORt jh
latrnf.ad the rioatii dciuavd of iSnd ioci
If. Owtac la mj iiiiou ni;saii,iiil u tij l
wU foriUo cwuilni ftwiu uUttaew tuaddrrai m
) mill. M. NCWTOM,
rrnr1; l lb firm o iN wioa it rruk,
IbIui, .tpnt Ifl, Itii. 3iif
HOUSE
TRIMMINGS.
Is nuloi vtriitjr
LOCKS, LVTCIIES, BUTTS,
Cut If ttro't.V'iils, G rnlil Scrtui,
Satfi and Door t'ailtningi, Door tioltl,
Saih-Door$, t(c. t, c.
Aad wa
SHALL not nv iidi:rsai.d.
UL,lVrJK&.llKi.MliR
rmniaij ildiiraeaorbii.lna,ar,d talanlbc OXca or, uuiinuiu civiliuilis in llic utmy jiuii- iceil Ol till nnu lusnuu ui jiiu.io-. - . .
u. i. d... ii. ..d c. ii, kimoaraa. ,ic iork8 C()nS(.f vallV0 besides I ,0ns for the dinner wo were to males .ov ns "f VCUW 1 ,SJW U,e . V" I
"&2nZTjto " democrat" ( word born i the regions beyond the Styx.-"f '""'P. -jnoilicr on
'..r.-Vo-Krr"..! WSXSSi uV.? I "f h, Pencil Rovoluiion and which Thus equipped and provided for wo cr J Jed so"'...!
rulai.aeeuld.naloih. Mr Ii.(lntcnil In Slllll III l.rii'o nci.,1 I ,,, I i , n M.n.l in I il 1 illlpr lin':l k III H t. UIUI llltV 11,1 1 U UCaCLIIUCU SO IIIIIUI
mi aioa taai. la Muniuaiiar. mii .iimii.i . hi, i ... i .... 1- - i i , i ..... r . .. itiniti till niist'.uriiv lar iiniivu us.-.
Mflrcllntirnu
u.
Ff the Wfttehmin k. JoarnnL
OLDEN TIMES. No. 0.
"SEVENTY YEA US IN THE W1N
OOSKI VALLEY." I
Mn. KniTon, If your patience
mill t lint of jour readers is not ex
hausted, I "ill proceed a little farther
in the politicul history of Vermont in
the " nhlcn times." I left, in my
Inst mimliur, His Excellency, Mnrtin
Chittenden, (brother of Thomas Chit
tenden, the first Governor of Ver
mont) in the Gubernatorial chnir.
Though brothers by blood, they were
neither nicntiilly nor politically very
nearly related. Thomas Chittenden
wns plain, strong-minded, close-calculating,
mid shrewd, both as a tntin
nnd n politician. His brother Mar
tin hail the advantages of n liberal
education, but was not remarkable
fur stability of political character,
nor possessed of any great degree of
txcl or shrewdness, as a stntcsmanor
politician. II is proclamation on the
eiibjict of war, after it was commen
ced inn' the enemy on our borders, i
is sufficient pioof of this. What
influence the ill-advised efforts of j
Ins mends hail over flint I will not
undertake to siiy, although 1 nm not
at all certain that he was not more
' sinned against than sinning." fld
vico to ''Green Mountain Hoys,"
descendants of Allen and Warner
nnd Maker, not to "cross the hue"
into British dominions, in time ol
' nr minlil m tLi.lt litivii Ilium vi.ii.
...... ....f,... .. ..V... (3. .v.i
to the win. Is or nines. Go they
would million they did, proclamation
or no ptoclamatiou. Defence of our
own funnier, ami of our families nnd
fire-sides, is quilo a dill'ercnt thing
from a war nt invasion or conquest.
War was declared nod the enemy
was now upon the nuiti.Ii to Platls
burgh, and the British I. like Fleet on
ltd Mill In Ittirtlliittnll 'llil ftilitlna
" ' e .. .
tins came noomiuc up the valley
. . - ' '
ol lho Winooski, in the
significant
il instant
puny ele-
'report of Hritiah caution.
! Iv husheil to pence the
menls of parly strife. No one stop- ;
iK!ii to inquire uneincr lie was 11
Federalist or llepublicnn in favor
or opposed to the war. Tho " I'hi-
lislines uc upon nice, Uncle fciiui,
. ,1,... Jt I,.. .1.;,,.... I...l. l'l...
nun nit, iimai mi. iniu. i no
ttllons of 1C
rimerican l-.agle must
be fixed in the mane of die British
Lion, now roaring (or his prey ul the
Itivcr Sarannc, and on Lake Claim
plain. Those of us, Mr. Editor,
, who, n short year before, opposed
'and those who advocated the war
resolutions of 181 1, ul the old State
j House, were now a oiigcr to " meet
the enemy and make bun ours," ir
respective 01 party names aril party
lies, as they were to out-voie eacli
other at the war resolution conven
tion. If the Valley was all nsi.r at
that time it wa- miiw n moving mass
of the eons of the green fprig, em
blematic of their mountain origin, in
hot haste for the tccuu of con-
cl I' Clio ra I ll 3 llllll ItellllllllCa IIS,
. . , 1 .
at icrs und sons, unitedly pres-ing
fnruur( lomee, tllu fou JA hl
back Irom whence lie tame, or to Ins
" long home. 1 need not tell jour
readers that here and there n zealous
wur man, before the fight, now that
he smelt gun-powder, wns suddenly
taken ill at Wilhstoii, wiih thu can
non fever, and prudently resolved
that
He lio turns from warawny,
" My live to fight anullurdai"
and put their resolution into practice,
by beating a retreat ; und went, us
Savvny did, on his way to steal ap
ples " bock ngtn, sir." Such in
stances, however, were "like nugels
visits, few anil far between." Tho
, , . ,
ICMJIIS Ol 1IIO
Battle of rlattsburgh
mid of the defeat of Commodore
Duwme by the gallant McLVuoiigh
are among the records of history, mid
need nol be recorded in this comniu
mcnti'in. I he last war taught two
Hie lat
iinpottaiil lessons. Due to our molh
I er country, mid one to politicians ol
I difl'erenl btripes. To the former that
I it if not safe to trust to the divisions
I of ymikccs, in tunc ol peace, for
I success in tin e of war. To politi
cians, thai though divided in pohli
cal sentiment, tho m uf the peo
ple, by whatever name they may be
called, ulvvnys show themselves true
patriots in thu day of trial. Al this
day, parly names arc so mixed up
and mullipljed, they appear to have,
as they deserve, III I lu significance.
The charge of "Federalist," occa
sionally still flung out by some fierce
partisan to olone for a failure of vvil
and argument, has ceased to be
thought very severe or damaging ;
and, on the other hand, " Itcpubli
U a.llll,VillllU vv.ll a l' v. n -
n nniifnn rl lir nVlirOd.
though his followers have gloried in
it somewhat overmuch,) and seems
absolutely to lean back and assume u
position uf offended dignity in pres
ence of the impudent, intrusive, and,
let us hope, short-lived Know Noth
ing excitement.
Ouvr.u Old School.
Tot Ifer Watcbinan J. Jouroil.
Friend Walton : Duiing u re
cent visit in this section of country,
1 wus enabled to spend n few days in
your pleasant village. Many old as
sociations were revived, and reminis
cences of the past wtro both pleas
ant and r-nd. Pleasant, in consider
ation of the results of labors which
laid tho foundation of your present
CUU,' OIICQ
Ibion of the niogrcssivc and uncon- ! ply of lamps lho guides carried can- J " mo porim was scarcely vis
. . I . MV..--". - ....... ... I.U.W .UWM BI,
prosperity, nntl sad, from the rcllcc- Hu will discourse upon the various
lion, that many of those w ho con-j formations in the Cave as fluently as
trilmtcd so" much towards this object,: Professor Sillimnn himself. His me
whn ussistcd in training the niiiids or j mory is wonderfully retentive, and
directing the physical energies of: he never hears n telling expression
those who vcrc to t.iko their places without treasuring it up for liter use.
in after life, had passed nwuy before, In this way his mind his become the
the full realization of their hopes nnd repository of n great variety of npt
anticipnliotis. The places tlint knewjninns and comparisons which he bus
them, know them now no more 'sagacity enough to collate mid nr
but that they still live in the rcmcm- range, and he rarely confuses or mis
braucc of thine who have succeeded places his material. 1 think no one
to their labors, is evulenred by the ' can travel under his guidance with
fact, that a site, sacral In thn dead, 1 out being interested in the mini and
has been selected, and is being pre
pared for the reception of all that
remains of thnso once living p.irtici
tors in the c.ires and pleaiures incid
ent to mortality.
Among the many 1
changes and the various improve
ments which arc observable in the
place, no one left a more pleasing
itupresion upon my mind than this! to the rave property, but is hired out
interesting project. Nothings lell by his master. Stephen nnd Alfred
more for the character of a people belonged to Dr. Croghan, the Into
ihnu 1 lie cherishing ol mementos, il-' owner of the envc, and arc to be run
lusltnlive of tin-good und great in hu-l numitlcd in another year, with n
man life and particularly, those J number of other slaves. They are
which, exhibiting 11 reverence fur lliC now receiving wages. 111 order to en
dead, imply the belief of n futurity, I able them to begin freedom with n
when the "dust" twitch has been
consigned to "dust" the eye of faith
ct-es clothed again with fresh life mid
vmor, actors still, but in new scenes
of existence. The nucletM of this
rcmi'.cry, 1 was unformed, unlimit
ed in n dountioii or legacy of fifteen
hundred dollars, from C. J. Keith, n
late citizen of Moutpelicr, for whom
a Initiilsotnc uiomiment is to be erect
ed in the grounds. Ily the liberali
ty ol your public spirited townsmen,
around this nucleus has gathered suf
ficient enpttul to complete a plan,
the design of which, is highly credit-1
ablu to tlie tnste and generous feelinir:
1 of your coirtmtiiiiiy. No expense entrance to the Cave, the upper nt-
seems to have been tpurcd for the mostplietc having precisely the same
execulion of this dcMgn, und if car-' temperature. We advanced in sin
' rietl out faithfully, uill not only be a 'glc tile down the Main Avenue, which
1 reminder ol human fruilty, of faith , from the increased numlicr of lamps
and hope in the luiure but an orna-' showed with grntiter distinctness than
i men I to lho place a pleasing feat-' on our first trip. Without pausing
1 tiro in the landscape, to the eye ol at uuy of the objects of interest on
I the traveller, as the " iron Horse" : the ro.nl, we marched to thu Giuul's
passes tlie enclosure. J wenly or i
,h)r,v ncres wl,lch am ,oM ,s tltu !
area to be enclosed, when completed,
after the clueu model, that of Ml. , thu limn of our journey in this di
Auburu near Boston, and consecrated I recliou the previous day.
by the removal of tlie relics of friends Beyond the Bit, we entered upon
from the lortncr burial place, will lie j new "ground. Afier passing from
attractive as a place for resort, not j under its Moorish dome the ccihig
only to the contemplative but to all j became low and the path sinuous
classes. A ramble utitong lite tombs, j and rough. 1 could only walk by
made expressive by lis silent emblems, stooping considerably, nnd il is ne-
gives to the humble, serious mind, cesary to keep a sharp lookout to
1 confidence and hope lothc thougl.t-1 avoid striking )our head against the
! less il suggests motives and feelings, 1 transverse jambs or rock. This pns
I whirl, tmi scarcely fail to influence , sage is aplly called the Valley of llu-
beyond the passing hour. The be- munition. it u,-...i... .- .t .
I lievei's heart is (unified by holy right into another passage called Ben
'.thoughts thu infidel may doubt and i sico Avenue, which contains some
' say, '-how can these dry bones live," jruiinus stalactitie formations, Mtiiihir
ilnil deep from some recess of the 1 to the Ciothic (iitUery. Wo did not
heart comes the acknowledgment ol j explore it, but turned to the left and
I Omnipotent power. 1 thought j entered an extremely narrow, wirnl-
I my dear Sir, to have given you a mg passage, which meanders through
1 won) tiiidc from commendation when 1 the solid rock. It is called Fat Man's
1 recalled the necessity wh-ch eud -
etitly exists, for the same liberality,
which has been mamlested in oilier
respect, being extended for tho cree -
' ,, uf a more stumble building for
tlie education of the sons and (laugh- ilemaii uiightug more than that must
tcrs of Monipelier. Strangers per- leave the best part of the cave uu
ceivc this neccssih jour good peo-, evplored. None of us came within
pie should feel the disadvantages ap-jthc scope of prohibition, (Nature, it
pertaining to such a location mid to seems, is opposed to corpulence.) nnd
so utimndcinbcii a building, and make after five minutes' twisting we cm
disbursements accordingly. For the nrged into a spacious hall called lho
sake of "uuld laity bvno" I will not Great Relief. Its continuation forms
be hard upon you for this neglect.
VVtaf venvrable ulijice, did look so
like twenty years ago, that my ulTee
tions pleaded in Us favor, notwith
standing the many and uigciit rcas-
mis for its abandonment. Ii musi
however be u iiisagieenble object to
the eye of those who have no usso -
1 nations to hallow it.
Vours, trill v.
EG IS.
.on:s or ivusTEitx tiuvuu
THE MAMMOTH CAVE A
DAY'S JOURNEY UNDEK
GROUND.
Contisond.rica or Tba N. Y Tribuna.
Mammoth Cavk lb. ti l, May 8.
The next nioiitiug wo mutlc pre
tentions for mi early start, ns we had
a long day's journey before us. Our,"'" Squatty slopes away uc.
party was increase.. t oluveu by the I" jou.und you look down into th(
addition of a bridal pair, a voung ! vast depths and .mrcrtitin darknes
Tennesscan, nnd two silent Boston l question yourself if lho Grecian
gentlemen. We had two guides . fable bo not indeed true. While I
Stephen, whom 1 had specially en-1 Iased on the brink of these fresh
gaged, and Mat. The ladies, w ith mysteries the others of the party had
one exception, were attired in Bloom S"u uct cl,!'60 f n!
er costume, greatly to tho merriment Stephen, who remained with me.
of the party, but much to their own I proposed thai wo should descend ti
convenience. Dresses aro kept t ! thf bunks of the Styx and see then,
.1... 1......1 r.,.ii,.,,.n ..r la, In vUiinin. crossing the river upon the Natura
' and I would udviso all such to make
I ..tn I wun In flilftlllttfl If) lllff fill fl
a m i . t .
U9V Wl tliv.tll IS ntumii nw
i.ntiimliftlr.li nflpr firn:l
Stephen, who has had a share ...
all the principal explorations and dis-lP", " moi vou uro matting tnio ito
covcrics, is almost ns widely known 'river " .see their rellecled ..nag.,
as tho Cave itself, lie is n 8iglt, i Stoop n l.ttlo and you will find iit
graceful and very handsome mulatto 1 ovo the water."
of about thirty'fivo years of age, P, under an arch aid
with perfectly regular and cleorly the slow procession of golten
chiselled features, a keen, dark eye, pointa of bghl passing over the pilf
and glossy hair and moustache. He Hw aves of a great chfl ; U.
is tho model of a guide-quick, dar- ' ro:ess.on ,u.to us dtstact
ing, enthusiatic, peisevcrmg, with B'lod .T U1'!u1 ,ho. '?Sl lmp
. 1 . . " . ,1 cnuonrnil unit nil wns ilnrlrni't a.
lively appreciation oi 1110 ivonuersi""ur.'w,"'" 7-
he shows, and a degreo of intulli
genco unusual in one of his class.
Ho has a smattering of Greek my
thology, a good idea of geography,
history and a limited range of litera
ture, and a familiarity with geologic
al technology which astonished me.
associating linn in memory with the
realm over which he is chief ruler.
Mat, who ranks next to Stephen
among the guides, is ulso a mulatto,
of about the same age a careful,
patient, intelligent nnd niin.iblo man,
but with less geological knowledge
than the latter. lie docs not belong
little capital, in Liberia, their destiu-
ed home. SlenliRti, I hear, has enrm
inenct'd the pcratial of Dlackstouc,
with a view to practice l.iw there,
but from his questions concerning the
geography of the country, I foresee
that his tastes will lend him to in
come one of its explorers, lie will
find room and verge enough in the
Kong mountains mid about the sour
res of the Nigcr.'tind if I de'ircd to
undertake tin exploration of those
regions, I know of but few aids
whom I would sooner chooss.
There was no nuibrenthiug from
the regions below as we stood at the
tjollin, crawled tlirotlgu tile hole oe-
Iiinil it, passed lho Deserted Cliatn-
tiers, und reached the Bottomless I'it,
'. Misery, and any one whose body is
more than IS inches in depth will
have trouble to get through. The
, largest man who ever passed it
weighed 200 pounds, nntl any gen-
an avenue which leans in tianuii s
Hall a wild, rugged vault, t'le but
torn of which is heaped Willi huge
rocks that have fallen from above.
Ail this part nt the Cave is rich in
striking and picturesque effects mid
presents a more rude and irregular
; character than anything we had yet
j At the end of Bandit's Hall is the
! Meat-Koom, where n fine collection
of limestone hams and shoulders arc
suspended from the ceiling, ns in a
suiuke bouse. Tho resemblance,'
i which is really curious, is cntirel
1 . a .. .
owing to Hits action ol wster. i;iq
air now grew perceptibly damp nnu!
it few more steps brought us to tin!
entrance of River Hall. Here lh
ceiling not only becomes loftier, bu
! Irmgo. vv a : soon s oon upon i n
vriiit gt f in l.liini.- Gilsuil tfninr III
- US'- ..u.vl .
- -
further V " You forget," said Sc-
gam.
We then resumed the regular tail,
which led us along tho edge if a
clifF about thirty feet ubove thewa
ters of the Dead Sea, a gl iomy jool,
which is evidently connected yvitl.
lho Styx. An iron railing has Ken
plnced along tho edge to protect like a shower of pearls In tho light
those whose nerves are weak. At , of our lamps ns wo clustered around
the end of the clilT wc descended n tho brink nf the pit to drink from tho
long ladder, clambered over masses stores gathered in those natural bowls
of rocks made slippery by the water, , which scctn to have been hollowed
nnd gained the Natural Bridge, jOut for the uses of the invisible
which is a tint row path or ledge n- gnomes.
round n projecting rock, bridging thoj HCJon,i Cascade Hall commences
river. The pnlh is only nbmil cigh-, SiUimaii's avenue, n passage about
teen inches wide, nntl a false step ; twenty feet wide, forty or Ifty in
ivouiii.prccipitatc lite explorer thirty
leet Uelow into the Styx, bitch is ,
the caution of the uuides. however,
and the sense of security which even j w,t, deep dtps which oHcn commit
the most timid feel, that no nccidenl ( ni(:ntc with smaller passages or "side-
-.-i iiiii;oeo. rivu oiiiiuies
iiiuiu iii me rotigucsi nnu inosi slip
pery scrambling brought us to the
banks of the Lethe Itivcr, where wc
found the rest of the parly.
Tho river had risen since tho pre
vious day mid wosnt tho most incon
venient stugo possible. A pnrt of
the River Walk was overflowed, yet
not dccp'cnough to float the boats.
Mat wudiid nut mid turned lite craft,
which was moored to n projecting
rock, ns near to us as the water would
allow, after uhich he nnd Stephen
carried us one by one upon their
shoulders mid deposited us in it. Il
was a rude, square scow, well plas
tered with river mud. Hoards were
laid across for the ladies, tho rest of
tii took our i-eats on the muddy gun
vvules, the guides plied their paddles,
and ao. were nflont on Leihe. One
hundred feet .diovo our heads Imtig
.i i. i , ir
thu vaulted lock; half way down
there ran a regular cornice, arched
on the uniler side mid with jagged
edge, shnvviim that there had former
ly been two grand corridors, placed
vertically, which some convulsions
had broken into one. Either end of
litis mighty hall was lost in the dark
ness, but the sound ot our voices
rose to the rool mid reverberated a
lung tl until they seemed like the
voices of unseen beings speaking
back to ti s nut of thedistunce. The
water has a steady temperature of
51 5 : it is clear, apparently of n
pale green color, and pleasant .in the j
1II9IU, II 11.111 U ILI V I1UI t-Ull lUlU l.lll
rent, ami flowed in a diagonal course
across the lute ol our march, or as
nearly ns I could estimate in the di
rection of Green lliver.
After a ferriage of about n hun
dred yards, wc lauded on a bank of
soft mud beside a cinall arm of the
river, winch hnd overflowed the usu
al path. Wc sank to our ancles in
the ino:st, tenacious soil, floundering
laboriously nloii'' until wc were
brntight to a halt by Echo Itivcr, tho ,
third and last stream. This a".uu is
divided itiio ihreo or four arms,
which, meandering nvvny under low
in tins dually unite. At present, ow
ing tn to. i,igi, ...uc,, mere is mn
one arch open, so that instead of (lie
usual tingle voyage of thter-ipiarters
of a mile, wc weie obliged to make
several short ferriages. Tw ice again
were no guiues oi.ngcii 10 carry us
on uuir suoiiiucrs iiirougu me fcuui- avenues,
lows, ind once we succeeded in pas-1 ... ,. ,
Mg.JniH.a narrow ledge of rock! Wo were now, nccording o Rtc
overU.ng.ng a deep pool, only bv ,l,cn P"'j;. "fl f
using Stephen's foot a, a stepping-! wwmluri- M"'0 proceeding furllicr
. 0 1,, . ,, ! ' , we stopped to drink from a fine su -
stone. After crossnig tlie second 1 , 11 .. . , .
. 1 1- I,. I,-. .. e .. 1 . phur spring vvhich Il ls a natural on
branch of heno Itivcr we Piund our-1 1 . e , ,
, . .1 f , t , ,(, f sin 111 the botto n of 11 niche made
SUIVLSill 1IIU 11111 III il StUUIl lllll 111
loose sand, beyond vvhich vv e could
see ..asses of rick p.led up illllos,
pil
to tic ceiling of lite lofiv hall.
j,(js
was the commencement of purgato
ry, d portion of which domain wu
wer obliged to traverse on nccouut
of (o difficulty of getting through
who! is called the second Arch.
S'cplieu here entered the boat a
loni, lay down on his back in the
liotiim, shot under a low projecting
rock, nnd was soon lost tn our sight.
.1 M... t 1 n
,e , mu 1, . ,,..,
distant, then near, then distant again
s toleto us fro,,, under the grouted
vaults of rock. lMrsl. ibo d.p ofma-
P
ii) oirs; men 11 i.uu, iiiuiuuii pent,
rumbling away like the echoes of
thunder; then a voice marvellously
sweet, but presently joined by others
sweeter still, taking up tho dying
notes ere they faded into silence,
nml prolonging them through remo
ter chambers. Tho full, mellow
tirains rose until they seemed sung
nt our very ears, then relapsed like
ebbing waves, 10 wander off into sol
itary halls-, then approached again,
und receded, like lost spirits seeking
here and there an nutlet from the
world of darkness. Or was il n cho
rus of angels come on some errand
of pity and mercy to iWit thu Sty
gian shores? As the heavenly har
monies thickened, wo saw a gleam on
the water, uud presently a clear light
Boating above its mirrored counter
feit swept into sight. It was no an
gel, but Stephen, whose single voice
had been multiplied into that en
chanting chorus.
The whole party embarked in two
small boats, nnd after a last voyage
ot about two hundred yards were
uuuei iiiu uiiiu'iot-u tn iii.it j tinii- , , i - 1 . ,1 1 .1 . .
, . ,, 1 1 11 1 ., l ie water which trickled over them,
bed the sand-hi s, mounted the . , . , ,r , . ,, ;
, , 'ii a ir. 1 .'hung from lho cliffs, while n stout
loiiiely-ptlcd rocks, ami afier a short 1 . ra r .1 1 1
' , , 11 vine, springing from the base and
pur'aloriu experience desceudeil 11- , , 1 0 , . . ,
1 n . , ' , , ! climbing nearly to the lop, seemed
gam to 11 otv nreh opening on the , ..1 11 1 1' .1...
p . , 1 r 1. 1 " , to support them. Hundreds 011 bun
ast branch of bubo ll.ver. As we , ,' 1 , , , .. .. . ,,
, , . , -i dreds of bunches clustering so tl. u-k-
stood on the wet nicks, pcerni'' down , . 1 .1 1 . 1 .. r
. ., 1 , . 1 ' f.i 1 ly as to conceal the leaves, hung for
11110 the u hick trans licence of the si-' ' . r , ,,,, ,,, , ;
landed beyond the waters, nnd free' whero above you. Tho hours have
to explore the wonderful avenues of ! 110 meaning ; Tunc ceases to bo : no
that new world of which Stephen is ' thought of labor, 110 sense of ro
ll. Columbus. Tho Kivcr Hall herojsponsibility, no twinge of conscience,
terminates, uud thu passages aro bro- intrudes to suggest tho existence you
ken uud irregular for n short distance, fhavu left. You wulk in some limbo
A few minutes of rough travel beyond tho confines of actual life,
brought us to a largo circular hall j yet no nearer the world of spirit,
with u vaulted ceiling from lho ecu- For my part I could not shako oil"
ter of which poured a cascade ufj the impression that 1 was wandering
crystal water, striking upon the slant on the outsidt of Uranus or Neptune,
sido of a largo reclining boulder, and or some planet stili more deeply bu
iinully disappearing through a tunnel-tried in the frontier darkness uf our
shaped pit in the floor. It sparkled 'solar system.
I)ric;lit ,nnt a mile ami a half in length.
The fkor is in some places smooth
.ind firm in nlltnri ItrnLnri ninl ri.iKtlt
C,ts ' that alter w lulling through tho
rock for some distance find their way
back to the main avenue. The walls
on either side have bold, projecting
cornices, above which spnngs n well
arched ceiling. There nre few ob
jects of special interest in this nven
ue, but I uas never tired of watch
ing the procession of lamps as they
wound up nnd down its rocky floor,
mid the picturc:tio piny of light
ami shade on the gray walls nnd cor
nices, and niches and hollow vaults.
After n steady walk of n mile nnd
a half tho distance is not exaggera
ted, for 1 limcii it we reached n gi
gantic bluff, which, facing us, divid
ed the avenue into two parts. That
to the left retains the name of Silli
mnn, and continues fur nearly a mile
further without leadim! to anv r suit
Tho other was called "The Buss of
; Ghor" by some trnvelcr who had
.
been in Arabia I'utrcea but the
name is n plcouaiu, us el gior sign t
lies a narrow I'ifliiull pass between
rocks. Wfnlo wc rested a few min
utes on some broad stones at the base
of the cliff, Stephen climbed) up to
the platform behind the hrord cor
nice of the vvall and brought us down
a handful nf fibrous gypsum as white
us mtovv. The lathes eagerly appro
priated pieces of il as specimens, but
bo observetl deprecating!)' : 41 Von
will throw that away before long."
Our lamps vverc replenished nntl
wc entered 121 Ghor, which is by far
,m mosl j)ic,urcsquu nvCnuo in the
cave. It is a narrow, lolly passage,
meandering through the heart of u
muss of hori.ontal strata of lime
stone, the broken edges of which as
sume the most remarkable forms.
Now there are rows of broad, flot
shelves overhanging your head; now
you sweep around the uleru of some
mighty vessel with its rudder set hard
to starboard ; now you enter n little
vestibule with frte7.es nnd moldings
of almost Doric symmetry and sim-
,,i,ujty - nm nmv you wj( away in-
to a Cretan labyrinth most uncouth
nnd fantastic, whereot the Minotaur
would be n most proper inhabitant.
It. is u continual succession of sur
prises, and, to the appreciative visi
tor, of raptures. The pass is some
what moro than a wirVe and a half
in length, und terminates in .t curi
ous knot or entanglement of passa-
Cilljg to two or
more tiers ol
"J? V ,0 CT" , ,
, ln"bed a perpendicular ladder
then
pas-
1 sing through n hole in the ceiling
I oarety large cuougii to annul our
j bodies, and found ourselves 11 1 the
. unlrnuce of a narrow, lofty passage
I leading upward. When nil hud
j madu tin: ascent tho guides e.xullitig
ly lifted their lumps mid directed our
I eyes to the rocks overhanging the
aperture. 1 hero wns the first won
der, truly ! Clusters nf grapes gleam
ing will, blue mid violet lints thro1
j uvci llJJ uiiu lint;... uii'ii.nju in
, llwrvol.iUi vintage of the sub-
x&mww Wl)rIli p?H wlloj0 ,llln(,
, ,)U Ujck jllferi,alwil.8
f o l(ml ow .
grow bey
Lethe ?
Mounting for a sltoit distance, this
new avenue suddenly turned to the
left, widened and became level ; tho
ceiling is low but beautifully vaulted,
nnd Washington's Hall, which wo
soon reached, is circular and upward
of a hundred feet in diameter. This
is the usual dining-room of parties
who go beyond the rivers. Nearly
five hours had now elapsed since wu
entered the cave, and five hours spent
in that bracing, stimulating atmos
phere might well justify tha long
glances which wu cust upon thu bus-'
kels carried by tho guides. Mr. Mil
ler had foreseen our appetites uud
there were stores uf venison, biscuit,
ham and pastry more than sulficicni
for alt. Wc made our mid-day or
rather mid-night meal sitting l.ku tho
nymph who wrought Exculibur
"UjHjn lho lnJJea bases of tho hill,"
buried fur below tho green Kentucky
forests, far below tho forgotten sun
shine. For in lho envo vou forgei
, thai there is an outer world soma
Washington Hall marks tho com
mencement of Lhndo-nvcnue, a
straight hall about sixty feet wide,
twenty in height and ttco imlcsumg.
It is completely inctusted from end to
end with crystulizations, gypsum whito
ns snow. 1 ins is tiio crowning mar
vel of tho' cave, tho pride and the
boast of lho guides. Their satisfao
lion Is no less thnn yours, as they lead
you through the diamond grottoes,'
the gardens of sparry efflorescence,
nnd the gleaming vaults of this mag
ical nvenue. Wc first entered the
" Snow-ball room," whero lho gno
me children in their sports have pep
pered the gray walls and ceiling with
thousands of snow white projecting
discs, so perfect in their fragile
beauty, that they seem ready to melt
away under the blaze of yaur lump.
Then commences Clcnvclaud's Cab
inet, a gallery of crystals, the rich
ness and variety of which bewilder
you. It is a subterranean conserva
tory, filled will, the flowers of all the
zones ; for there aro few blossoms
which cipniid on the upper earth but
nre mimicked in these gardens of
lJarkncss. 1 cannot lead you from
niche to niche, nnd from room to
room, examining in detail the en
chanted growths j they arc nil so
rich and so wonderful that the mem
ory does not attempt to retain llicrn
Sometimes the hard limestone rock
is changed into a parterre of white
roses ; sometimes it is starred with
oponing daitcs ; the sunflowers spread
(heir flat iIim-.suiiiI rayed leaves ; the
feathery chalices of the cactin hang
from thu clclts ; the night-blooming
cereus opens securely nor snowy
cup, for lho morning never comes
to close it; 1 lie lulipis here a virgin,
and knows not that her sisters above
are clothed in the scarlet nf shame.
In many places lho ceding is cov
ered with n mammary crystahzation
ns if n myriad bubbles were rising
beneath its glittering surface. Hven
on this jeweled soil which sparkles
nil around you, grow the lilltes nml
roses, singly overhead, but clustering
together toward tho base of tho vault,
where they give place to long, snowy
pendulous cactus flowers, which
droop like a fringe around diamond
niches. Hero you seo tlie passion
flower, with its curiously curved pis
tils ; there tin iris with its lanceolate
leaves; nnd nuain, bunches nf celery
with stalks white und tender enough
Tor a (airy s dinner. 1 here are occa
sional patches of gypsum, tinged of
a deep amber color by the presence
of iron. Through lho whole length
of llic nvenue there is no cessation of
the wonderous work. The pale rock
blooms burst forth evcrywhere.crowd-
ing on each other until the brittle
prny.s cannot bear their weight, and
they fall to the floor. Thu slow,
silent efilorcscuco still goes on as it
has done lor ages in that buried
tropic.
What mostly slrnck mo in my un
derground travels was the evidence
of design which I found everywhere.
Why should tho forms of the Earth's
outer crust, her flowers and fruits, the
very heaven itself which spans her.
bo so wonderfully reproduced ? What
law shapes tho blosomsand the foli-
ana of that vnst crystalline garden ?
There seemed to bo something moro
than tlie accidental combinations of 11
nana onanco in wimt 1 saw soniu
evidence ol nn informing and d.rcct-
Will. In the secret caverns, thoither wc came to tho Great Crossings,
agencies wl.tcl. produce their woml
ers have been at work for thousands
of years, perhaps thousands of uges,
fashioning tho sparry splendors in thu
womb of darkness with ns exquisite
n grucc.as trim an instinct nf beauty,
ns in the palm or the lily, which are
molded by tho hands nf thu sun. Some ten minutes further, when tho
What power is it wnich lies behind passngo debouched into n spacious
the mere chemistry of nutiiro, im-j hall, will, a cascade pouring from tho
prcgnuting her atoms with such sub-j very summit of its lofty dome. Be
lle laws of symmetry ? What but yond nnd adjoining it was a second
that Divine Will which first gave her hull, of nearly equal dimensions,
being nml winch is never weary of wild another cascade falling from its
multiplying for Mm, tho lessons of 1 roof. Wo turned again to tho right,
His infitte wisdom ?
At the cud of Elindc-avcnuo tho
floor sinks, then nscends, and is at
lust blocked up by a huge pile of
largo, loose rocks. When we had
reached thu foot tho roof of the nve
nue suddenly lifted and expanded,
nnd the summit of tho Rocky Moun
tains, as thuy aro called, leaned a
gainst 1, void w.iito of darkness. Wc
climbed lo tho summit, about a hi. 11
feet above, whence wo looked down
into an awful gulf, spanned larabovo
our heads by a hollow dome nf rock. I
Tho form of this gigantic hall was!
nearly elipiical. It was probably 150)
lectin I, eight by QUO in length, the
cuds terminating near the roof ,11 the
cavernous mouths of other ti venues.
Tho guides partly descended the lull
und there kindled n brilliant Bengal
light, which disclosed more clearly
the form of the hall, but 1 thought it
more imprest. ivu as its stupendous
proportions were first dimly revealed seem exaggerated it ottered as a
by lho light of our lamps. Stephen, 'represcntatinn of the Chief City, so
who discovered this place, gave it tho ! far and vanishing is tho perspectivo
name of tho " Dismal Hollow." 1 of its extremities, so tremendous lho
Scrambling along the ridge of iho'8Pan of iu S'tf3"1'"5 dome.
Uocky Mourituius, we gained tho n-j I sat upon the summit, of the hill
trunco to lho cavern opening on the until the last fires had burned oui,
left, which wo followed for about two ! nnd tho hall beenmo even more vast
hundred yards, when it terminated and awful in tho waning light of our
in a lofty circular dome, called Crog-i lamps. Then taking a last look back
nan's Hull. Tho Hour on one sido ward through the arch of tho avenue
dropped suddenly into a deep pit,
around which wero several cushions
of stalagmite, answering to short sta-
Jaclites, hanging from the ceiling far
atxivo. At the extremity ot the ball
was a sort of recess, formed by sta
lactitic pillars. Tho wall behind it
was a mass of veintd alabaster.
" Here," said Stephen, ,'U your Ul
tima Thulc. This is lho end of the
Mammoth Cavi', nine ruiles from dsy-
light." But I doubt whether there
is really mi end of lho cavo,nny moro
than an end of the earth. Notwith
standing tho ground we have trav
ersed, we had loft many vnst avenues
unexplored, and n careful search
would no doubt lead to further discoveries.
Wo retraced our steps slowly along
Elindo nvenue, stopping every few
miuulcs to take a Inst look at lho
bowers of fniry blossoms. After
reaching Washington's Hall we no
ticed that the nir was nn longer still,
but was blowing fresh nnd cool in
our faces. Stephen observed it also
and raid: "There has been a
heavy rain outside." Entering the
pass of HI Ghor ngain at Martha's
Vineyard wo walked rapidly forward
without making a halt to its termina
tion nt Silliman's avenue. Tho dis
tance is reckoned by tho guides at
a little moro than a milo and a half,
and wo were just forty minutes in
walking it. Wo several times felt
fatigue, especially when passing the
rougher parts of the cave, but the sen
sation always passed away in some
unacountablo manner, leaving us
fresh and buoyant. The crossing of
tho rivers was accomplished with
some iuhor but without nccident. I
accompanied Stephen on his return
through the second arch of Lcho
Hivcr. As I sat nlunc in the prow,
gliding under tho low vaults of rock
and over tho silent, transparent dark
ness of the mysterious stream, 1
could hear the tones ol my boatman's
voice gliding down the envcrns like a
wave, flowing more ami more faintly
until its vibrations were too weak to
move the car. Thus, as ho sang thero
were frequently three or four notes,
each distinctly audible, floating away
at inherent degrees ot remoteness.
At the last arch thoro was only a
space of eighteen inches between tho
water nnd the rock. We lay down
on our backs in the muddy bottom ot
the boat nnd squeezed through to the
middle branch of Echo Uivcr, whero
wc found tho rest of the party, who
had gone round through Burgatory.
After again threading rat Mans
Miscrv, passing the Bottomless Pit
and the deserted chambers, wu at last
emerged into tho Main Avenue at the
Giant s Collin. It waso o clock and
wc had been ten hours in the cave,
but as my party proposed leaving on
lho morrow, I determined to push
mv journey n little further nntl to visit
the Chief City at lho end of the Main
Avenue. This was the principal ob
ject of curiosity before the discovery
ot the rivers, but is now rarely visited.
1 took leave ot the party, nml Willi
Stephen for n guide started off alone.
We passed tho Star Chamber, beyond
vvhich no path has been cleared in
this direction. The floor is covered
with loose rocks which have fallen
from above, and walking becomes a
very rough nnd laborious process. A
portion of the nvenue is called tho
Salt Boom, from the crystals of pure
glaubcr salts which full from lho ceil
ing 11, Hakes, and cover tho floor
liko n light snow.
Just one mile from the Star Chum
lior n rough stone cross had been
erected, to dennla that thu distnnco
hns been carefully measured. Tho
floor here rises considerably, which
contracts tho dimensions of the ave
nue, although they are still on a
grand scale. About half a milo fur-
.1 ....
where five avenues meet. In the
dim light it resembled the interior of
a great cathedral, whoso arched roof
is a bundled feet above its pavement.
Turning to the left al right tingles to
our former direction, we walked
(still following the Main Avenue)
((lulling tho avenue still more irregu
lar and contracted than before, but
had nol advanced far before its ceil
ing began to rise, showing a long
slopo of loosely-piled rocks, lying in
strong relief against n background
of unfathomable darkness.
I climbed tho rocks and sat down
on tho highest pinnacle, whilu Ste
phen descended tho opposite side of
the slope and kindled two or three
Bengal lights which he hail saved for
the occasion. It needed a stronger
illumination than our two lamps could
afford to enable mo to comprehend
tho stupendous dimensions of this
grandest ol underground chambers.
1 will civo you tho figures, but they
convey only a faint idea of Itscolos
sal character: length, 600 feet;
breadth, 300 feet ; height, 120 feet ;
area, between four and five acres.
Martin's picture of Satan's Council-
Hall in Pandemonium would hardly
to my mind the most impressive
view- wo returned to the halls of
tho cascades. Stephen proposed
showing me the Fairy Grotto, which
was not far oil', and to accomplish
that end I performed a grievous a
mount of stooping and crawling in
the solitary cave. The grotto, which
is a delicate stalactite chamber, re
sembling a gothio oratory, was very
(Set It h peg t,