Green-Mountain freeman. [volume], June 21, 1882, Image 1

About Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884

Image provided by: University of Vermont

                
J. !! 1.'
GREEN M0U5TAI5 FIEIMAX.
MOKTTEUKB.VT.
tmca In tba Brick Bloot. Bulofliin street,
tnnt
l.M if paid la dTtBea: otbanriaa,a.2.w.
1'ar mant may t mada by null or otberwtaa to
0 B.WHEELOCK.
Editor nd Proprietor.
TUe Fbxivas. nnder tlia reoMt.li ofCowrreai
cirouUtMfreolri WublrurtonCountjr. Ou all ptpore
ivotouUideWublnirtoiiOnnntr.Uit poeune le paid
br tlie publiaba at tbe offloe in MontpeUer.
Slic freeman.
1IONTPELIE. VT
WEDNESDAY. JUNE 21. 1882.
Sunday School Lesson Notes.
tr 11EV. J. O. 6HEBBURN.
June 13: Quarterly Ret low.
As to the Importance a thorough review
of the work we pass over from qnartor to
quarter there can well be but ono mind ;
but the methods of reviow advocated are
almost as numerous as tbe writers on Sun
day school work. Perhaps some general
thoughts on the subject may be as sng
gostive and helpful as anything wniob
could bo presented by tho writer or? this
occasion. Tbe chamoler of our review
work will be moulded largely by tbe vie
whioh we take of the lessons we have
passed over. We may put emphasis upon
one part or anottior of the study we hav
mado. We have been engaged in the
atadv ef a htatom Ibe stud, ol it m,
Wh might put special study Upon the order
of event;. as ntrr .ted by th evangolist
nnd iry to lis the season of the your during
whioh tho events we have studied took
placo. This is a matter worthy of careful,
patient study, and may well enough en-
'ago our attention inciueniauy m we
view, but it is not the most important
matter by any means; and we havo such
imperfect data upon which to base oui
reasonings in tho matter that the stud)
would hardly be profitable aftor all. Then
again tho events recorded have a spaci
location ; they transpired in different parts
of Palestine It is not uninteresting or
improlitablo to trace the (ournoyings ol
our Lord ns they are brought to our notice
in the study of the quarter. A good
blackboard map of tho localities named
itud an explanation of tho roads ho took
In toaching tho people, healing their siek
and raisiug the dead, o9 well as tho way
ho walked in private with the chosen
iwclvo, would add much to tho intorost of
tho reviow. But this again is not the
prinoipal thing. We have studied neither
history, chronology, nor geography ex
clusively, or chiefly. All these are but
llio settings of tho taro jewels of truth
upon which wo havo looked. Thoso sot
tings help to a clear view of tho truth,
but we should be most unwise to look at
thoui only.
Again, one of the most unprofitable
reviows is that ono which is a mere mo
moiiter affair, wherein the attempt is
made, by catch-words, diagrams and the
like, to recall each lesson, as n lesson, nnd
be able to tell its title and golden text.
This is an excellent beginning for a re
view, but can never tako tho place of a
review properly considered. Wnat wo
really need, as an aid in fixing tho groat
practical lessons we have been ovor during
this quarter, is a presentation and empha
bizing ol those very suggestivo nnd in
struetive lessons brought before ns in the
Savior's words nnd works. Wo need to
get down under the outer garb, the loiter
of truth, to the inner soul, tho spirit,
which alouo giveth life. Thus in lesson
lirst Christ sent otit his disciples to preach
Put emphasis on the fact that the followers
of Christ aro called to some work. Urgi
the question, havo you gono forth at tin
Master's bidding? Do you work according
to his bidding? Lesson second shows ns
tho fearless advocate of truth and puriu
Make the school feel that the world nee-
a multitude of just such men, and that n
one is worthy tho name of Christ who ha
not that spirit. Tho third lesion gives u
tho picture of the truo disciple boarinjj
bread to Irs hungry fellow men This is j
tho ijreal work of disciples in all lime j
As thoy gavo forth of their scanty store i j
was greatly increasod. Inquire, docs God '
work thus by his disciples nowP In tin i
midst of storm and danger Christ cam, j
upon tho suit to succor his disciples. II
will do the s imo for us if wo arc going in j
obedienoo to his oommands. Wo need j
fear neither the storm nor his approach
for tho storm becomes t calm when he
is with us. Lesson fourth teaches these i
things. Illustrate and enforce these teach- j
ings. Lesson Imb shows us that it is vain
mid blasphomous lo worship God with our
lips or keep the form of worship without
the heart's devotion. Lesson sixth shows
us what stroug and persistent faith can do
a lesson worthy of much reflection; ono
of several in tho quarter toaching tho
omnipotent power of faith in God.
Beware of false teaching and tho cor
rupting influence of worldly and political
alliances. The leaven of the Pharisees
and of lleroil, says tho seventh lesson a
good text for the adults; just what is
needed in our lax times.
Lesson eighth shows as a rann pro
nounced blessed beoauao of his correct
theology and manly profession of faith,
but almost at the samo breath severely
rebuked because he had such a poor con
ception of tbe real nature of tbe Christ
life. Many fail here now.
Lesson ninth gives tis the standard re
quirement for following Christ. We must
walk as He walked.
God witnesses to tbe divinity of His son
in lesson tenth. His testimony is of greater
weight than thatol a world of inudel men
All things aro possible to faith Is the
emphatic thought of tbe eleventh lesson.
Apply Ihe thought. Man made truly
great by denying solf and serving his
tcllows m the theme ol the twollth lesson
Some of these great truths fixed in the
heart of Bible students will be a irreatcr
work than tho most perfect knowlcdgo of
tne tetter oi uou s wora.
Impurity. There is ono Deculiaritv
nbout deeds and thoughts nnd words of
Impurity. It Is the loatbsorao and stirring
tenaoity wnn wnicn tney enne to the mind
The vindictive man may become meek.
and not a trace of the vengeful spirit re
main, i nus a was who raui, wnn,
originally Ireful and revengeful, learned
to say, "Most gladly will I spend and bo
ppent for you, though tbe more ardently I
jove you, tne less l ne lovea." unnallow-
ed ambition my be replaced by the deepest
humility. But unclean thoughts once
harbored never leave tbe soul empty and
swept and garnished. There is always a
taint. Ihe gospel converts ell sorte of
men. But we believe that the impure
man tne nsruei to convert, and we be
lieve that, even when converted, there
remains in nis nature a rankness of odor,
a coarseness of grain.
VOL. XXXIX.
American History.
Nearly every one vrbo reads Amtricu
history will remember some of the event ;
but most of these are battle either with
tbe Indians, French or English or the
south. Hero is a list of some of the
events that have happened, bat are given
in a stylo not initially found in the his
tories: 1620.
Rock.
1621.
eating.
1622.
Landing made on Plymouth
Thanksgiving keptbut no over
Builds a meetine bouse no firm
in it, however.
1623. Proclaims a fast day, and set
the fashion.
1628. Cuts down a May pole at Merry
Mount. No vain recreations in those
tiara.
1637 Makes a war on tbe Quakers
i tirl the Petjuol Indians, and whips
h
1638 Thinks he had better hare a
t-ulibgu; begins with higher education
rii-rtt.
1040. Sots up a printing precs.
164$ Will not have any witches,
i lai.ps one.
1G49 Gives notioeln meeting tfc. . ,;n
inn no wear long luinua,,,, '
f 1652io "Cm. Uu rtn. tr shiHis. ,
r iSfiSioO
I'LlGdS ii
uTfnrqjftflEaHa: siaVmi a.
.Mor-WTiotief -htag' eU.fiavlenavi
Hire
1702. Wants another college, and starts
i ; it is U'-w in Nnw Hnven.
1704. Prints the first newspaper at
ill un.
170S.
1710.
h.
1711.
1721.
Coffee is tasted.
Then tries lea.
but it is cost
Starts a post olliee.
The potato Is planted as a can
,.6ity;
uod.
ities to cat it; thinks It pretty
1721. Hoars about innooulation ; tries
. ; some say it is wicked to do it. Begins
i sing by note un Sundays; this causes
;rext trouble.
1740. Begins to manufacture and ped
lie tir. ware.
1711. Builds the Fnneuil Hall.
17o0. l'otatoes seen in market; a bush
el considered enough for winter.
l.ob. l!u i Ids an organ but no play
ng it in meeting houses no sir!
175G. A queer man named Franklin
invents a stove; also a lightning rod.
1700. Some signs of fashion creep in;
collars are worn on shirts, and chaises
appear.
17C5. Great talk abont "liberty" heard;
no buying of Btamped paper.
1770. Wooden clocks made in Con
neticut of course.
1773. Much trouble about toa; throws
a lot into tho sea.
1774. Boston has lights In her streets
oil lamps.
1780. An umbrella seen in the hands of
i he rich is much laughed at; those
using them are considered effemin-
ate.
1791
ed.
A cotton spinning factory start-
1702. Raises silk worms nnd makes
a little silk; carpels appear in tbe houses
of the rich.
1703. Invents the cotton gin, and thus
makes eotton raising protitable.
l"9.r) 1800. Pantaloons are seen, but
for full dress breeches ore tho style.
Plates are used at breakfast and tea.
1802. Vaccination is tried; some relig
ious scruples however.
1800. Tries to burn tho rhiadelphia
"stone coal, cut it is a launre
1807. A steamboat goes np the Hudson ;
no end ol talK about it
1810. Clocks aro very costly vet; the
short shelf clocks are made, and cost $10
to S-10.
1817. Stoves are put in some meeting
houseB, but most resist think "it shows
very ltttlo religion.
1 818. A sioamboat runs on Long Is
ana.
.819,
to
1823.
A steamboat crosses tho Atlan-
Gas lights usedin Boston. Finds
out liOW
to burn bard coal. Buys sloe I
pens (iriiliiti 8.) lne mines on thin bo
-oii,8 b'-gin to disappear for every day
.huts.
1H2.". Percussion caps made
1820. KubbiT over shoos appear, nod
qui t-i Bl ntied ones loo.
1828 Tomatoes having been raised for
, nirs in the garden as "JUive Apples, are
t. tea hCMiaungiy (suppotea to bopoision
l Ui- )
1x32. Builds a railroad.
1833. Firt nses the "Luoifer" match
, i en "Loco Foco." The tinder box
i' In itl iifide.
1 j35. Invents a revolver.
1837 F.tst panic Uses much paper
ni- n v. ami cull tl'vniu pl.t-tirs "
138 The use of envelopes begins.
lfl.'JU. U igeurreoiypes, camnhenc and
ui iiiiil' 11 u t tl h timar.
lx-14 Jr irst message by electric tcle-
jimpli.
.846. Has a little "brush" with Mox
1847. Snwino- machines invented
Son it rnnpin"s heard.
MM. J.ays an ocoan cable, but It uon t
wotk well.
1861. Family quarrel breaks out; goes
south to settle it ; takes longer than we
oxpected. Uses piles of paper money.
linilits monitors
I860. Struck dumb with the assassina
tion of tho president. Ocean cable works
Bpienuidly.
1871. The biagestcilv of tho west burn
ed.
1873. John Bull has to pay bags and
bags of gold for his sympathy with the
wrong party iu the family quarrel.
1877. Silver getting plenty.
18812. Struck dumb again by the
assassination of another president .
Scliolar's Companion.
Colorado Sritmos. The incorporators
restricted that this should be a temper
ance town. By adberingto that plan, and
by religiously carrying It out, there is pre
sented in Colorado Springs a city of near
ly six thousand inhabitants, situated in
tho far west, an attractive place, which
has none of tho vices usually found in
Colorado cities, and whioh can truly and
honestly boast of a refinement which com
pares favorably with that found In many
an eastern town. Tbe Springs can well
be proud of the reputation it has earned.
It deserves all the praisos lavished by en
thusiastic visitors and contented inhabit
ants. It is exao'.ly suited to the wants of
the invalid and tbe lover of tbe beautiful.
Those coming hero for the sake of their
lungs or their liver may take that perfeot
rest which they in so many cases need the
most; and if thoir health is really Im
paired they will find in the Springs a city
of comforts, fair living, good rooms and
a placo where tbe air is as bracing and
invigorating as the most fastidious ceuld
desire. Thoro Is no smoke from manu
facturing establishments to poison tbe air,
and no noisy pavod streets to deafen tbe
c.ir. It is not hard to Gnd a quiet coun
try (own with pure air; but it - is diffi
cult to find a place with city comforts
which has no drawbacks. And I am sure
that many a weary body and tired mind
can bo restored here. Let tbe invalid
live a sensible life at tbe Springs, sleenlne
well, eating enough, and riding or driving
to the many points of interest near at band ;
let tho sufferers from all ills accept tbe
gifts of sunshine and air which nature so
lavishly gives, and I venture the assertion
that they will bless tbe day tbey came
here. There is no drunkenness outside of
private homes and there are po saloons.
Cor, Sottnn 'Van crip'.
Tbe Folly, Danrer and 81a or Frighten
ing People.
An old man said these words to me to
day: "When I was In oollega. one night I
was sitting up qnlte late in my room; the
great balldlng was silent; and it seemed
to me as I sat reading that nobody else
was awake. I beard steps In the ball and
presently a knock at my door. Instead of
saying "Come In." I went to tbe door and
opened it. Before me stood a man with a
(rightful mask over his face. The sight
was so sodden and fearful that I fell to tbe
floor with a shriek of terror that must
have gone through tbe halls. The man
who had thoughtlessly, foolishly and
wiekedly pat this joke upon me fled. If
he had stopped to see If I was injured, he
would have frightened me out of my sen
ses. After lying some time i recovered
my strength, but I have never recovered
from the impression of that moment,
though ihe thing happened more than hall
a century ago. I never go into the dark
without seeing the mask and rarely open
a noor in tb - night without thinking of a
terrible object tho other Bide of It."
Only a few nights ago some young men
determined to put to the test the
of a oompnnion who buaatwi of not belief ,1
fnaf in ffhnatm II k.ni . 1A i ?
ing near bis bed, and In the vnln15f,h tbe ewe of the children as if she were
at r - - ..p. iwMnu LTvivm
zTT . F ' armw the .mtjaUtil attnt c E older sister. She had abo-ii
.1. nM JiauiauL.rk,. uu, lrf 1
Mftwayd, Ittte fv.Hioa.eWttrl.ihe. rrxxu. l
1,, -..-L '. i' r , , Tj' . 1
The yimng manTlrtd at him, hnfjagain
and auaio till ho had emptied all the
chambers of the pistol, and finding that
none ot ibe snots took etlect, lie was over
whelmed with torror, and went stars
mad.
Only roconilv ono of tbo young women
employed as a weaver in a cotton mill
took a email snake with her, and after
frightening several of her companions,
threw the reptile upon a girl named Y elsh.
The latter was so trightencd that she fell
don in convulsions and to tbo next day
bad not regained consoiousuoss.
I could multiply tbotc examples to any
extent. Not a week passes without the
record of similar instances in the news
papers. Many persons will remember
impressions made upon their minds in
childhood by frightful objects, sometimes
accidentally seen, and at others put before
tbem in miscmet, nisi tor tun there is
great difference In the nervous tempera
ment ot individuals, and somo are far
more easily frightened than others. Manv
children are very sensitive to sights and
sounds. They may have strength enough
to oonceal their emotions wnen othors are
present, and they are perhaps ashamed
to appeared soared when othors aro only
amused, but tbey carry their impressions
into their beds, sloop is driven away from
their pillows, or when it somes, bad
dreams come also, and the little sufferer
tosses all night in constant foar of what it
has seen. Ibe child shuts Its eyes, but
tbe image is there and is as visible and
terrible in the dark and to its closed eyes
as if the sun were shining. And more so,
because with the return of light, moro
than half tbe horror dies out. In my
childhood a nurse shut me up in a dark
closet by way of punishment, i reraem
ber keeping close to tbe door in awful
horror of what might be in the back part
of it, every moment trembling lost 1
should bo seized by some fearful being
dwelling in blackness of darkness. There
is no one thing which parents
should more carefully guard against when
they trust their children to the care of a
nurse, than this sin of frightening them.
The shock given by one fright, when the
system Is delicate, frail and exquisitely
sensitive, may be fatal in early life if
spared a long misery.
let this cruelty Is inlliotcd on children
and young people, not by nurses only, but
by parents ana leacnors, without a mo
ment's thought of the dreadful conse
quences sure to result. Perhaps it is well
that we ao not understand the exceeding
delicaoy of the human frauio and especi
ally those pattsol It winch torm tbo inex
plicable connection of mind with matter,
tbe body and tho soul. The fact of such
connection we know. The nature and
manner of it aro unknowable. Why sor
row should come in drops of water from
tbe eye, or joy cover the faoo with smiles,
who can say? The sense of fear, even
when not sudden, is uften followed by
great physical suffreings. I hare seen
conviots brought out to be flogged, and the
apprehension of anguish was attended
with complete prostration. Reason does
pot hetp to resist the t ffoot of fright
lbero is no time for argument. The
shoik comes llko a stroke of lightning
The blood seems to rush back on the heart,
or, with increased violence, it presses on
tin- brain. The normal revolution of tho
wheel at the cistern is disturbed. I do noi
know whero the throne of reason is, but I
know that it is deser otl, and its cmpiro
mado desolate oy sudden tnglit. Anion
the aneitnt Greeks the utmost care was
taken with children that they should not
be excited. They wero guarded against
noise and stirring scenes, that in infanoy
ttielr delicate orain worK might not be sub
milted to any disturbance. This was i
part of a groat system of physical and
mental training. It was philosophical. We
pursue no such plan in our nny.but reverse
it. Children are stimulated, roused, excit
ed in their cradles, and nil along the early
days of childhood, at tho very timo when
they ought to be kt pt quiet nnd suffered
to grow. Tho nervous excitability of the
men and women of our tlmo is largely
due to tbe in essant stimulus of the mind
In childhood. And tbe matter is getting
worso and worse with cacli generation.
Children at parties, childron at balls, chil
dren out or bed and away from homo at
midnight, must become, if tbey live, rest
less, fidgety, nervous and unhealthy men
and women. They cannot have a sound
mind in a sound body. Peace, rost, cqui
librinm, are essential to the perfect regu
lation of tho mysterious machinery that
mns tho human body with tho soul at
tached. Tliis is getting away from the poiut,
but it is all in the same lino. Tho most
dangerousexcitcment is that which Is pro
duced by sudden fright. Who can tell
why it sometimes turns tho black hair of
a strong man white in a single hour? It
does, and there are men In every commu
nity wno will oarry thoso while hairs to
their graves as witnesses of the power of
fear. It may be imagination that does it,
as when a man caught bold of tho edge
of a pit into which be had fallen in the
dark and nung thero all night; when res
cued in tbe morning it was found tbat he
was only two inohes from tbo bottom, but
his hair was as whlto as snow. You may
not blanch the locks of others by fright
ening them, but you run the risk of doing
tbem far greater harm than tbat. If the
misoblef ware confined to tbe hair, it were
not worth speaking of. But it is the brain
that suffers. And the evil wrought there
is often far worse than doath Itself. re
news, in New York Obarvtr.
A little child gave expression to an old
story in the following manner: It seems
that tbe little fellow bad discovered a bee
orawling upon his hand, and, after re
maining stationary for an instant, stung
tbe little fellow. When the cry of pain
was over, the little child said to his mam
ma that be didn't care for the bee's walk
ing about on him, but be didn't like his
sitting down on blm.
C. L. Adams, class of '80, Vermont
Methodist seminary, Is taking high rank
in the soDhomore class at Dartmouth col
lege. He adds one more to the alumni of
tbe seminary who devote themselves to
the work ot the ministry.
MONTPELIER, VT., WEDNESDAY, JUNE 21, 1882.
The Strikers.
The summer months open with reports
of a strike of huge proportions in tbe iron
manufacture in western Pennsylvania, and
that region In the adjoining states Of late
years these events have become common,
and It is a phenomenon which forces at
tention and demands explanation. The
theory of our political system is tbe equal
ity of men. that the laborer baa equal
rights with the capitalist or the employer,
hat not that the workingmen should be
fnvured any more than any other classes
I'he idea of inequality came in wiih the
treat tide of foreign immigration. Tho
European laborers bad been accustomed
tu li-ok upon their employers as superior ;
beings, and as their natural enemies, hav
ing intitrest opposed to th v of the lab ir
ing obiss; and they oonld not divest them
-Hives of the inculcated idna when thoy
itmH to a country where work w-s no
ign of a servile mind, ami where the er
vmt and the employer labored side hy
si'lein the field and in the kitchen. So
long as we were all Americans of the old
sUMik, a strike would have been impossible
tnu ineonceivauie. i tie nelp in the boute
hold was not a servant in popular phrase.
of the family; sitting at tbe
KamKMaw 10 most nouses
. . . ,
. Ill u i.,'rl. :
wages which is paid to do
tsti servants in these davs. but she laid
TiirJ - orOMhing more than she spent for her
, tothing, and considered horself as tbe
equal of the woman of tho house, and
sometimes she uiairied ihe son, and very
often a neighbor, and becoming n matron
herself had help not servants. Tho fac
tory system did not ohango this. The mill
girls at Lowell, before tho tide of foreign
immigration sot in, wero tho daughters of
substantial farmers, just as good, and feel
ing themselves the equals of the mill own
ers, and in fact many of them were owners
in the stock. lucy did not wish high
wages as tho foreign workers got now, but
they would nover have thought of a strike
us they never tnouuht of themselves as a
class. The mill girl was of ibe same class
as the president of the company, or the
agent or overseer or the room, and 11 she
had any grievance she left, if it was not
rectified on complaint being mado. The
nolion of classes of laboring men, employ
ers and capitalists, was introduced by
foreigners who had never nny hopes of
rising. Tbe original Yankee stock had no
such ideas. The help in the kitohen look
ed forward to being the head of a house
hold as comfortable as that in whioh she
was employed ; the workman in any trade
looked to be a master, and thero was no
more division of classes than there is be
tween father nnd son, mother and daugh
ter. Tho feeling of independence and
individuality was too strong for tho pos-!
sibility of strikes, nnd the original Yankee
native was too proud and amoitious to ne
classod as a workingman who looked
up with fear and hatred to an employer.
It was tho inllux oi Europeans wno nan
been accustomed lo looking up to superi
ors and down upon inferiors which led
to tbe classification ot tnose woo ought to
be free and independent American citi
zens, the laboring man free to become an
employer of labor, and the employer a
laboring man when tuoro was nooessity
for it. The growth of wealth has had
something to do with widening the dis
tinction between the workingman and the
employer, but it would not have become
a class distinction if it had not been im
ported from Europe. The Yankee farm
hand, brakeman, laborer on the roads.
apprentice in any trade, looks forward to
the time when ne shall employ young
men, and he has nono of the animosities
ol class which load to strikes unless his
mind is poisoned by contact with the
Europeans who have been educated in
servile ideas. The names of leaders of
strikes and of labor movements aro sug
gestivo. They aro never those of the old
stock, but of modern importation. Our
revolution wiped out all class distinctions
in tbe thirteen colonies, and what there is
now is an imported article, on whioh there
is no tariff since our naturalization laws
are so liberal, and immigration has always
bi-en encouraged, except of the Chinese.
Newburyport Herald.
The CrtiNKSB at Home The chiel
characteristics ol the Chinese, as n nation,
the speaker said, is industr). Their work
ing day bogtns at dawn and lasts till sun
set. Schools open at sunriso and do not
closo till 5 r. M., there boing but ono short
reoess during the day. The emperor and
his court riso soon Hfter midnight, and
court audiences are given between 5 and 8
o clock in the morning. This same in
dustry is cxbibitod by nil classes. After
sunset very few peop'o are in the streets,
the Chinese, like domestic fowls, retiring
early to ro3t. There Is no day correspond
ing to Sunday, and only a few holidays in
tho year. Busily as they toil, these people
aio never in a hurry, at e never nervous
and are not given to worrying; but are
steady, cheerful and sober. Thoy rarely
quarrel and cvon ii they do.scldom come to
blows. Thero will be a little que pulling,
somo calling of hard names, and then tho
by standers will quietly separate the com
batants. It is not physical timidity but a
sensitive consciousness or toe disgrace ol
lighting that keeps them from engaging
in brawls. That they are not cowards is
well proven by Ihe fact that they submit
without flinching lo the most severe sur-
2ical operations without ever using antes
thetlcs. They maintain that it is very
injurious to health to bo nervous, lo worry
or to crive wav to angor.
As tt people, the Chincso do not desire a
voico iu tbo government. Tbe common
people are not public spirited, and are not
only, throngs ignorance, indifferent to
beneficial reforms, but they oppose them
strongly if they are apt to increase the
. tu. t r t : i. .
lUieS. 1UQ KUTCIUU1DU, 11 Ulll IB UUl
nearly so aristocratic as lorcigners are no
customed to think it is, but when tbe pop
ular voico is onco aroused it is sure to have
great force. In any case whero there is
a conflict between tho mandarin or gov
ernor.of a district and the people, if tbe
people are patient and commit no aots of
violonce, the mandarin cither yields or is
romovod by tho government. The people
have the proloundcst respect ror precedent,
and are, in fact, conservative. Althongh
in the main they use tbe same implements
and materials known to them for thousands
of years, yot their religion itself is an im
portation irom inaia, ana may use foreign
watches, neodles, kerosene, sulphur match-
cotton tabrics, etc. inoy are, as a
people, excessively polite, and their cere
monial of sooial intercourse is to foroignors
painfully elaborate. It is an error to sup
pose, however, that they are a oringing
race; they assort their rights vigorously
enough when occasion calls.
They nre not a trulD-tellingpeoplo. Thoy
give falso evidence in trials, furnish false
statistics, and even officials present reports
that aro tissues ol falsehood, it is imnos-
sible to shame thorn by exposing their
untruthfulness. They are not addicted to
thieving, however. There is much said
about tne gross immorality of the people.
In China, at least ll it exists it is not soen.
There are societies for tbe suppression of
immoral books, x ne sacred writings con
tain not one Indecent word, and their
naintings and sculpture are perfectly pure.
Vulgar language is never board above tbe
lowest classes. All unmamen drink some
wine, and a nstivo beverage made of rice,
but drunkenness is absolutely unknown,
so that there are none of the evils of in
tern poranoe there, so common bore wife
beatlne. brawling and violence ol all kinds,
Tbe habit that curses tbe nation, opium
smoking, enervates the physical, mental
and moral nature, but dons not lead to
violence. A', ii. Drew.
The Worklnf Trmperauce Church.
t, , Apaner read at meetlninof tbe Boartt of Airrlcul
iiVery true and tlmel" reform slioill l ho Mra by Hetiry Lane of Cornwall, member of ft
born and nursed and reared and supported, Board )
by the church of Jesus Christ. Thore is I do not believe in or share the views
not a single moral precept which sinful certain advooate of the Merino slieei
humanity needs but tho church should who, a few years since, declared that fl
leach it; there is not a wholesome ex mi wooled sheep mty be kept wherever in, In
pie to bese but the church shou'd pmotion trious men tnd intelligent breeding ex
i The Christian chuich will hit the I think it is I rue that no race of hi, I in
most Chris -like which does the most "hi haa more ex enilii.t rane of h.ibmt i
se-k and save the lost." aud will aubus on grett a vn ie y
Among all the great rairal reform, none Vegetation hs sheen; and no breed
Iris a stronger olaitnon Christian men and sheep will endure the vicissitudes ami x
Christian ministers than the enterprise nf ttetnesof weather under so great a v trm
m iving sootety from the crime and our.e tinn of locality and food as well as th
of drunkenness. And intemperance never M lino Bu. hnwevcr pliant m iy be th
will be cheoked. the liquor tntfrle never constitution of tb breed, there a,
will be pt'onibiied, the drinking us iges of geographical limits beyond whieh it dot
Sia3t.il lile will never be ovorturown until notthuve; and there are loea iiies mon
ihe inemoers of Cnrist's church all feel j congenial to it, where it is mns' viioriii
Hint th:-y are also member of C rist's nnd in tbe bands of skillful breeders hn
great temperance socioty. If the church 1 been improved almost to perfeeilon. A
loes not savo the world, then tho world !
will sink the church. And what a hnr.
Ieqtie it is to style that church organiz i
Uon a "salt or the earth" which h is n
trimmer in its j tilpit nnd tipplers in its
pews!
- Holding these Incontrovertible opinions
wo earnestly insist that every Curlstlau
church which expects to do Its whole
work must have a tomperance department
as much as a Sunday school or a mission
ary department. It must have a machin
ery to promote total abstinence, just as
much as a machinery to promote Bible
distribution, or Mission schools, or Sab
bath observance. A well appointed steam
er must not only have a good engino in its
hull, and n good pilot at the wheel, but a
good supply of life preservers in the
cabins.
What are some of the essential foaturos
of a working temperance ohurch?
1. We reply that the llrst essential is, a
thorough teetotaler in its pulpit An ac
tivo temperance church with it wine bib
bing minister is as rare a curiosity as a
victorious army with a drunken command
er. A zealous teetotaler will not only
practice abstinence from intoxicating
drinks, hut he will preach it as n vital
part of his gospel message on tho Lird's
dny. The Bible abounds In temporanoa
texts; and every community nbounds in
people who need lo hear tbem. It is the
pastor's ofUoo to expound the causes and
the curse of drunkenness. It is hisoilioeto
ciealo a temperance conscience among his
congregation. It is his duty to take the
lead in arranging and conducting temper
ance meetings in his neighborhood.
Not only may a nealous temperance pas
tor look for revivals in his flock, but also
for a more extended influenco anions the
surrounding world.
A tearless preachor against uonulnr sins
commands, in the long run, the popular
ear and the popular heart. He may repol
a few trimmers and time servers ; be may
awaken somo bad passions In the self-
indulgent and tho lovors of their lusts;
but ho attracts to him tbe warm hearted.
the philanthropic, the spiritually minded.
urunaaras- wives will persuade their hus
bands to come and hear him. Mothers
will rejoico to place their sons under hia
faithful ministry. The benevolent will oo-
operato with an earnest advocate of
Christian reform. The masses lovo and
honor a bold defender of the right. It is
not the man who drifts with with tbe cur
rent of evil, but be who, like the sure an
chored rock, stems theourrent, that is sure
to arrest tho popular attention and com
mand tho popular heart.
2. h.very elfioient churoh should have
one or moro well organized total absti
nence societies, wtilon should be anxilary
to national or state societies, as tho W. O.
1 b., I, O. G. T. or prohibition alliances.
etc
In Surrey Chapel, London, the oelebra
ed Newman Hall has a totuDerance socie
ty which has enrolled 8,000 members In
liftoen vears; 150 reformed inebriates have
been received into membership with the
church in which Bro. Hall is so bild and
faithful a spiritual loader. There Is also
Band of Hope which enrolls a irreai
number of children.
3 This leads us to say that a working
o-mperance cnurcn win lay out no small
pan ot Its offoris on the youth of its Sun
day subool. Ab the Sunday school deals
vvitli the beginning of lifo, it should logic
ally deal with the beginning of sin. If all
our children could be kept from touching
me nrst giass, intemperance would disap
pear. in eiiiciont bund:iy school operations,
tne lonowin ori absolutely indispensa
ble: Good temperance books in tho library.
A circulation of some temperance Dauer
among the scholars.
The total abstinence pledge discreetly
administered by the teachers or superin
tendent. Frequent and simple addresses to the
school on tho dangers of tampering with
drink, and on the sin ami sorrows of the
drunkard.
No teacher's breath should ever be fla
vored by the odors of tho wino glass or
the beer cup.
Total nbitenonee should be taught as a
Christian virtuo. "Woe unto him who
causoth one of these little ones to stum
ble." 4 Ourlinal recommondalion is.thatevery
church member should make temperance a
part of his daily religion. The bottle is
the deadliost foe to Christ in our ohurohos
and our communities. A friend of Christ
must bo tbe enemy of the boltlo. More
souls aro ruined by the intoxioating cup
than by any single vice or error on the
globo. Kvory professed Christian who
gives bis example to the drinking usages
is a partner in the tremendous h.ivoo
which those evil customs produce.
"If any man will come after mo,'1 said
the divine Mastor, "lot him deny himself."
And the great apostle only olenobed this glo
rious precept woeu ne saia, "it is good not
to drink the wino whereby my brother
stumblotb, or is offended, or is made
weak." On this iuimutablo rook of self-
denial stands tho temperance reform!
Thero the divine Founder of Christlanitv
placed it; with Christianity It is linkod;
with Christianity it will stand or perish.
we do not hesilato to close this brief iraner
with the declaration that with the triumnh
and prevalence of Christian self-deuial in
the church is bound up the only hopo of
the triumph and prevalence of pure
Christianity In cur world. -A'eo. Thea. I..
vuuier. It. t.,t Brooklyn, N. Jr.
One Sunday, at Montgomery wu were
talking about duels, and when the names
of several parties who had gone out In
the post yoars to satisfy tbeir honor were
mentioned, tho judge koncked the ashes
off his cigar and said: ' Gentleman, It
may be mentioned right bere tbat I have
been there myself." "Were you challeng
ed?" "I was. It was over In South Car
olina, and I called a man a liar. He
sent me a challenge, and I selected swords
as the weapons. We met at 7 o'clock the
next morning. It was lust suoh a morn
ing at this bright, beautiful, and full of
lire." "And bow did you feelr" "Very
queer. I Clever shall forget my sensation
as I saw my rival, and he seemed to be
as visibly affected. We couldn't either of
us say a word." "Was it in tho grove?
"Oh no: It was at the deoot." "The de-
poll Why you didn't fight at the depot,
did you?'' "Well, no. The morning
express trains passed there at 7 o'clock.and
he took one and I Hip other," Pelraft
Free 7Vct.
- WM.&UJJJJJ
Agricultural.
Merino Sheep.
low, level country, with a humid atnioa
phere, and witb a moist, luxuriant soil.
not suited to ibe Merino, but high, dry
warm, rolling lands are their natural
home.
The general rule that may bo laid down,
limiting the home of the breed in thi
oonntry. is hetween latitudo 30 and 45"
Certain high altitudes south of 0-, uuo
low allituncs north of 45 may be favor
able. Lands less than 200 feet above the
ocean or within 50 mites of tho ooast are
generally not well adapted lo these sheep
The Merino is an upland sbeep. Tho nutri
tious herbage of elevated table land, dry,
warm, rolling pasture and lofty hillsides
are well adnpled to them. They love 10
browse among bushes, about rocks and on
steep declivities.
The Amerioan or improved Merino of
to-day is so unlike tho sbeep imported
from Spain, or so unlike those ot forty
years ago tbat one not acquainted with ihe
rapid improvements made within this
time, nnd especially in the past twenty
yeais, could hardly realize what the Me
rinos of the present time are. Nearly
forty years ago selections from some of
the best flocks in the country oamo into
the possession of Hammond nnd a few
otiier breeders, nnd by years of olose
attention to the true principles of breeding
aided by tho natural advantages of leea
tion, soil and climate, have, in the Ver
mont Merino, accomplished what bus not
been accomplished by the breedors of any
other stato or conntry.
To illustrate the rapid march of im
provement, look at tho Increase in tbe
proportion of wool to live weight in
seventy years: In 1812 the best rams
Produced but about 6 per cent of wool; in
844 it had increased to 15 per oent, and
in 1865 to 21 per cent. During the past
sixteen years it has increased very rapidly
to 22, z-l 3U and even 8l percent. There
were forwarded from Vermont to the
Paris exposition C7 fleeces selected for
fine style and quality of wool as well as
woigbt of fleece. Ihe per cent or wool
to live weight of the whole number was
22; of tbe best 30, 25.2; of tbe best 6
30.1 ; the best one, 36 0 per cent. Twenty
one of the 67 were rams; 46 were ewes.
At a publio sbeep shearing at Middle
bury April 5 and 6, 1882, 11 stock rams
averaged 23 per cent ; 11 two years old
rams 23.4; 10 one year old rams, 20 3 ; 7
two years old ewes, 25.6; 12 one year old
ewes, 20 a. Ihe whole 04 averaged 23.3.
the gain is not as good in whole flocks.
but the proportion of wool haBbeen nearly
or quite trebled.
Merino sheep have inoreased in size
since their importation from Spain. This
increase is Irom 10 to 2a per cent. A great
change and improvement has also been
made in their build, appearance and
beauty, with greater vigor ol constitution.
Tbe general impression among breeders
not acquainted with the facts has been
tbat, with the inoreased size, vigor and
wool bearing capacity of the improved
Merino, there has been no lmpiovemen
in quality of fleece. The actual facts are
there, and tbey show s marked improve
ment in this direction.
In Himmond's day it was thought by
observing breeders that the night of itu
provemenl in ibis breed had been reached ;
hut his ex tmple. teachings and Improve,
ment has helped a younger class of breed
ers by sound judgment, close observation
aand diligent care lo develop greater im
provemenis than have ever been made in
ll e samo timo in ihe history of this fine
breed.
Hammond's name goes down In history
with lhat of Bates, Collins, Bokewell ano
At wood as an Impruvor of a breed
Hammond has truly been ca l td tho B ke
well of America. I don't know ol a Me
rino flock in Vermont that bas not some
strata of the Hammond Improvement
and was improved by it.
The Rich flook, now owned by Virtnlan
Rich, Addison County, Vt., is said to be
the "oldest flock ef pure bred Merinos
now existing in the United States without
change of ownership except hy regular
descent. It has been kept on tbo same
farm and owned in the samo family for
three generations, or a period of fifty
seven years, no othor ewes having been
added to the flock." It is somewhat
questionable If this superior flock would
now rank with other good flocks in the
county if it were not for an infusion of
new blood by seleoting a siro from the
Hammond improvement.
T. Stlckney, nnothcr breeder whose
" flock has been kept together and bred by
one person for a period of over fortj
years, and the agod proprietor (who died
the past winter) could point as evidence
of the improvement effected by him to his
ram Consol, from tbe Jarvis flock breed,
in 1835 shearing about 14 pounds at bis
boat and to Fremont shearing 34 pounds
nnd 14 ounces in 1868, and producing for
ttino years fleeces averaging 27 pounds and
1 ounce, a total of 243 pounds." Kwes
from this flock wero taken to Hammond's
Sweetnko, Silver Mine and Gold Drop.
The publishing committee of tho Ver
mont Sheep Register say that, " Wo bo
lievo that there is scarcoly a stock ram ol
any note in Vermont that does not in
wholo or In part traeo its pedigree to the
Atwood llock," nnd mostly through Ham
mond. Let us look more minutely nt what
Vermont breeders have accomplished nnd
the direction of their pie.ent effort at
improvement :
The size of tho Vermont Merinos bas
been Increased somewhat since they were
first brought into tho state, but not nearly
m the samo ratio as in tne woigait ot
fleece. Hams nt that time weighed from
100 to 110 pounds and owes from 70 to 76
nounds. Those weights h.tve been in
creased, probably on an average about 9U
percent, lne small sheep, with equal
length and thickness of fleece, on aocoum
of greater proportionate surface, will pro
duce the largest per cent of wool ; and the
tendency a low years ago was to sacrifice
sire to per cent of fleece. It was found
tbat some Btnall sheep were yielding a
larger per cent of wool than their sine
and constitution wonld warrant their sus
tainlog, consequently breeders are now
breeding to gradually Increase their sine
It is believed tbat this can be accomplish
ed without sacrificing any of tbe good
qualities already attained.
Vermont will never bo able to produce
large Merinos. The oonditions are un
favorable for this. It is true that when
our sheep after reaching mature age are
taken to any section of our country outside
of New England tbey will increase in size.
This i claimed by sheep breeders in all
NO. 25.
elates foutli anil west, and admitted In
Vermont breeders. While V. rmont o
produce a stockv. thick. -mr nr-ata. th
south and west will produce more lengtl
ot ootiy nna leg. a more rangy nrt l.-ii g
heep. The same Cunae m iy produce tin
bfferenon ilwt pnelures the difference n
Duild of men rai.-ed in sei.nniti- si etmi
i ourcuntry. The avenge ?-z' ,,i
He soldiers thai emist'-d Irom Venn,.,
'nring IIih la e civil war was one in
rtfrr round the chest -ban tt,e ave-g.-
I tne aoldl, r fn.m Keti'ucny, widl, i
K ll Ui-kl 8, ,irli. r :nei ,oe,l une Ii
l"-r ih .n b. V.riiinut so', her
Our bie,dei prefer n medium s z
eep with a tfiiuid eei p budy, sh, i
tck neok, broad, straight back, q .m
utiock, straight from txp to the nmn
e -imb from nose to tail three tu three fi e
jat inch's. hi.ii tu ti,p t.f shoul
ive.rlghibs .if leng li. di p Ii i.f body ft- n
ah and one ba,f tr four no,es the lentil
t leg Our -oil nnd eliniHte fivor tl.
odtiction of tliii build of .Merino.
OIL.
I'he large percent of wool to live weigh
hat Is now produced is a cause of atiin
shtuent to some persons, and when the
25 lo 30 fleeces are cleansed and prudun.
mly from 7 to 8 percent, thev sav. Win
not produce the same amount of woo
with less oil? that it mut tako a cert ii
, mount of fond to produce this oil. wld I
in the end Is ol no oeiieiu .u...,. ,
is only waste; and some from ignoranc.
magine tbat while it is useless it is uls.
detrimental.
Io answer to tho obinetion to so nmr!
oil in the Merino fleece, I will say tha
Ihe best breeders do not believe that a
profitable a fl.eco cm be raised without i,
largo amount of oil, although they do no
propose to Increase the amount only it
the samo ratio ns the amount of wool i,
increased. I think it is true that ih
per cent of oil to wool is no greater tb u
it was twenty years age. Oil promote?
the growth of wool. No breeder has beet
able lo produce a heavy cleansed fleec.
without oil lireedcrs who have tried t.
dispense with oil or breed with less to it
the average amount have mut witb m
sorious loss of wool nnd a deterioration ol
strength, fineness and evenness of fleece
Af ter some of the heaviest rams aud ewes'
fleeces raised in Vermont (and these madi
heavy Irom tbe amount of oil in them)
bad been cleansed, it was thought tlia
some dry, bulky fleeces could be selecio.
tbat would produce more cleansed wool;
but in no Instance could a dry fleece b
found that would produce the per cent oi
wool as the oily ones. The bulky fleec.
is bulky because it is dry, and not for thr
reason that It contains more pure wool
An oily fleece will always tie up tighten
tb in a dry one, just as a wet fleece wonle
not be half as bulky as when dry. Tu,
wet your fur and it will press tocethei
and occupy but little space ; but when dr
will lay open and light- A deficiency ot
oil causes tho staple to be dry, harsb ami
weak, and the tendenoy will be to grad
unity become thin and coarse.
Years ago there was a class of Merino
thai had a great excess of oil and wer
invariably feeble in constitution, and fo,
that reason were discarded from the flocks.
Breeders who have attomp'ed to breeu
smuoth sbeep with wool free from oil hav,
not only failed in heft of fleece, but have
also failed in quantity nnd quality o;
cleansed wool. Wool owos much of it-
softness and brilliancy to the presence oi
a sufficiency of oil.
WKINKLKM.
Breeders oonsider folds or wrinkles in
the skin an indication of heavy fleeces
and therefore encourage their develop
ment over the cireass It is ith wrinkle
as with oil some breeders carry thin
Ijoin'S to an excess. It is true that th,
heavy fleeces are produced on wrink t
sheep A tit si thought it may nppe ir t
som" persons lhat the Merino h ts an c.
cess of oil ami wrinkles for the wauls i.
, he pruoiical wool grower. It will In
remembered that ihe flocks of sheep it,
vool crowing sections no al.i.o-t deslitu
of these two qualities of the M rino, ami
as we breed lor the improvement of ni
dne wooled sheep, for the production o
wool and mnitoD it is best that these tw
qualities should be furnished in a marked
degree.
There has been a great change in breed
in wrinkles fur he past lew years. Th
folds are not quite ns large but thicker
with less gure or coarse wool on them ; ii
fact, the coarse hair on the wrinkles am
thighs on our best bred Merinos have
nearly disappeared. Maasurements oi
wool from tlitlerent parts of the fl-eco oi
i ram showed the wrinkles on the neck as
One as the wool on the belly and a lir.il
finer than on tbo thigh. The wool on lie
wrinkles appears much courser than it it
Irom the fact that it is almost entirely des
titute ef oil. In this we ofien get verj
much deceived as to the quality of wool
Randall said in his Practical Shepherd
" that he nover yot rad seen a wnnkij
sheep which presented the maximum oi
both length and den-ity of wool as yieldoe
a maximum in weight ot wool. Fo,
reasons which I cannot explain the wool,
though often very thick between the lolds
is never very long, and it is usually com
paratively loose, dryish and light, as wi t
as coarse on the outer edges of the folds.'
What Randall wrote of wrinkly sheep
twenty years ago is not true of thorn to-
uay. lne oosi iticnuus are wrinaiy
They havo good length of staple, a heav
fleece of line quality of wool " The
average length of staple of the Vermont
fleeces at tbo Paris exposition was 3J
inohes. Ihere were 9 that measured 4
inches and over, and 2 that wero fully 4J
inohes." The fleeces wore selected foi
beft of fleece as well as quality aud length
of staple, nnd wero taken from some ol
the most wrinkled nnd heaviest shearing
rams and ewes.
The fashion of wrinkles now is to have
from three to livo heavy folds on tbe neck,
not large on tho upjier side but large ou
the under side, two or three short folds on
and immediately back of oach olbow oi
arm, flue thick wrinkles running down
the bides, but not extending over the bock
Wrinkles across tho hips, sometimes from
the tail in tho direction of tbe stifle, ami
sometimes at right angles with tbem ; folu
also around tho tail to give it a wide
apjioaranoe and also folds aoross the tbigb
with a deep flank. Theso folds exoept on
tbo neck if not too large do not show when
a Tours growth of wool is on tbe sheep
These folds are what ploase tho eye of v
breeder of taste. I will assert what I
believe to bo true-, that any breeder who
attempts to breed irotna rain witnout
wrinkles and a oertnin amount of oil win
fail lo realize any improvement in tht
wool producing capacity ol his slock.
In 1844 and 1845 Mr. Charles S. Fleisch
man visited Germany and made minu e
investigation of principles upon which
wool raising and sbeep breeding was con
dueled in Silesia in their efforts to im
prove tbe Ppanish Merino aheep In lie
eapaelly aa a producer of fine wool. Tbt
result of these observations and investi
Kations were given In ihe Patent Offlo
Report for 1847, from wbieb 1 take ibis
xxtraott "Twenty years ago bucks with a
smooth, tight skin, which bad exiremel)
one wool, were considered tbe best. Th,
German Merino wool growers bad to oouie
buck to tbe original form of rams with a
i .oote skin, many folds and heavy Stmoes,
and since then have sucoeeded in uniting
with s great quantity of wool a high de
greaof fineness. "
A few years later, or about 1835 to ISS8,
a few of those smooth, fine, ligbt fleeced
Saxon rams wore trougni into Vermont,
and if tbe breeders of that time had not
foresight nnd wisdom to discard thia class
TERM 9 FOB ADVERTISING.
For on. uun of II liiu-a or laaa of iarc tip., on
uKrtfx SIio: tor aaob aabaequant Uswffluu, 31 na.
traru-m,t tt will be is-u qq4 until , rsltrad u(iL
-wi no,aiii maor 1-. lailciMOiU aiid yujtre auv
''M bi luaraar.
Probata and Com luaalonara ' Hotlce , lltw .
Por S.itl. of Liberation, Fjnrafa, tbe rnMn
d Oiraolunorj of Oo-pwrturbll4j. ate , !.- eaon l,.r
bree luwrtlune. tl aaut by mall tlia niuuar aiual ac-
.umaur tbe lettar.
fotirea lb newe eolnmna. 10 cents per line eaeb inaer
iia. but uo cbara-ee tuaUe uf leas tbau U uenu.
. , . """taeano HimirM inaerted a-raue bo
-rtebiied Ubltnary STScea of poetry U1 ue Jbivil at
tberale of iceota perllo.
f rams after two or ihren veirs' ot. nnd
'-eed out their increase the Merino fl icks
' 'hat ilm wnnld h iv been mined
The pedigree rnmtl. liter. In their reiiort
"'n'ed In Ihe firat volume cf Ri tjla'er of
Vrnf,ni SheepBreedtr-' A-nrii'jnn. .
'f we n Imil thxi our hes flek-. f M. ri
w h- ve nil nnd wrinkle- in . xe. s- of ihe
nti.fth pnctloil wool grower, for
rd hem ing sheep. a n rlass. we
n'enil ihi' wh nre noi hreedirsr alto-
'ni r wnn a view or Wool rrowin? in
rmnnt. hat onrm"?t pn-titnhle prniiict
V,
""o". 111:11 will proillK-e inip'oreinenis
'he wool Yw iru.g cupm-ities of fl k io
e litle where i i. hard r ke, p 'hern np
he most proB'ahle standard. Hem e it
lor our b. st interest, ns it is for theirs,
.t we shU he -.i.le to f0'nt-h lliein w. h
eep having these qualities In a verv
ked degiee. :,nd uie.tlv in ex.-es uf
hti lu-iy. pirhnp.. be their ideal "
TlliriiMsg op FI.EICE.
Here Is where ihe greaiesi nuprnvpinnt
been made and where the great in
'eased weight ol rl -eoe is largely lo be
e.-minte i lor. I b ive not been aide to
ei lactsot the actual thickness of the
verngo Merino fleece of forty tenrs a"n.
erefore cannot make anv com put i-"m
vitn its pre-ent thickness." The oldest
rocders are agreed that the improvement
n this direction has been great. Mr
niapnim (si c'etiry of too Vermont Mli'eep
treeilers' AsKiointion) hid a ntcn fl eoed
101 tbat proved not 10 be a sloes getter.
Mot wishing to impose upon or cheat any
ne, bo bad this barren rum killed. Una
neb of the pelt just as It ws on the sheep
vas taken out and sent to Dr. Cni'ipg
1-ecreliiry of the State Board of Aznctil
nre) for him to ascertain ihe number of
tibres it oont lined. It was found to con
i" 230,000 fibres. This pelt was at least
ne 'qu irn vard, and if so, wonld o.m'ain
110,000 000 fibres. By counting 8 ti'.r. a
1 second it would take 3 days of 8
ouisoueb toeonnt the 1 inch and nh-.ut
2 years 10 count the fihirs on the whole
it If Ibese fibers were 2 Inches Ions;
ud plao-d end to end, they would extend
"out 12 000 miles. Do vou sav that
130,000 to a square Inch is Impossible? It
uay seem so at first thought, but think 11
noment. The wool on this pelt was by
ctnal measurement finer than 1000 to the
"eh, but If bat 1000 to tho Inch and tbe
I'ires were close together, there would be
1 000.000 on the loch. Tbo gbres now
oupy butabeut one fifth of Ihe spice.
rTou can press the wool as it grows on the
nek of the sheep In to one-fifth of 1 he space
occupies. The open space to the occu
ued on a nelt nf mHt,im ti,i,.i,nAaa t
, uu.wu. iivacnB oi
vool would be about the same as the open
pace in tntcR timbered woodlatid com
oirod to that upon which the trees stand.
Ve see from this that notwithstanding
he Merino fleece is now thick there Is
00m for improvement in this direction,
.'lose, thick fleeces are necessary In our
'Id climate to protect the sheep from the
ffi-cts of cold and wet.
FINENESS OF FLEKCK.
Until reoently it was thought that while
was an established faot that there b id
ieen improvements in the constitution,
za, beauty of form and weigh:, of fleece
m Merinos, tbe q lality had become
j'tarser.
Recent measnrement made by Dr. Cut
mg, who is acknowledged authority In
'"ientiflo investigation, bas proved th tl in
im-nrs and evenness of wool ihe Improve-in-nt
is nearly equal to tbat made in any
her direction
In 185G very aceunte measurements of
te s ze of fibres of Meiino ami Saxon
oois weie made tinder the direc ion of
Ir. William Youutt, with these re-ulis:
lerinowoo 1-700 of an inch; siipor.eWota
s xon wool (hieh is the thtcsr, in tbo
fl eoe) was 1 840 of an inch.
The result of Dr Cutting's tutta-vfe
lenu. nre th-e ten fl ires In eicb fl
vere measured :
Wettfuteta.-c.-i
1 H.HIC"
1 l'atri. k liuirj ,
i stun :
4 Hki.-a.Uam ;
t"S- 1:,
111 1.9.1
i tu
I his
1 us.
. ti.v
l-WI
I-m;-I
It;'.
Avurtwe ttarua
UUUlvt.,ir 'ii;,v:
I,.,'.ve-! i i. ..;,:,!,,....
1-tl.',
I-14U
1-ft'l
11! Urcedlwi hv i '
it - : M,
II
1-1 iv
: r3c .! rino Kirra
l-IWs
1-i-a;
I t- r
I-1 '.Is
Sample "t very fliK- Auierol.m wovj.,..
uf v,.ry tine Australian L. wol.
" of MHtnmamn M-rltio wooL....
" el Nilfcrlan a-nuiwl wool
" nl Sal.m P. lUodle, 3. Uroau'a
" of Iluiiwariau Cleansed wnol
" of Uuuirartan unwusued wo.,1..
" of Cspe of t.iod Holm wool
" ot Cotawotd Kmn'a wool.. .......
" ot CotswolU Kwe'ii wool
" of LeioflBter rUm'B wool
of Month rn Ilam'a wool
of tjoulliaru Kwe'a wool
1-14J1
I- syj
MOW
I -lis
I-nSS
I-1S14
I 1761
1-34H
1-451
l-l
1-47
1-714
1-713
:S'S
.Pit, I
.1,1461
.(Ml! '
.11.9 '
.10 :
,lJ I
.IS
.US I
Lnst year Mr. Chapman requested Mr.
Carl lloyne of Red Hook. N. Y , (owner
if tho Into William Charubcrlin's celebra
ed flock of Silesian Merino sheep) to fur
lisb blm with samples of wool taken from
.ho tlnest fleeced ram and ewe he had oa
rxhibitton at the New York state fair.
These samples with those- selected from a
VIerino ram and ewe were sent : Wash
ington for measurements, wbic- - uked
is follows:
sittutan Merino ram,
SilABian Merino ewe,
,'rmoul .Itertuo ram,
Vermont Merino ewe,
tver. iro ol Milesian flamplea,
IveraKouf Merino aamolea.
1-150 of on IneU
I- l.VS
1-1116
l-tfij
Mat)
1-kw
The want ol crimp in wool when viewed
with tho naked eye is not a sat'o gutd to
ludge of the Oneness of tbe fibre. W kjI
with but ten to fiiteen crimps to the i icb
generally will look and appear coarser
han wool with twenty lo twenty five
trimps t the inch when both are of equal
rjuenss.
eveknbss or ritma.
From the recent investigations into tbe
quality of Merino wool as now produced
it is ascertained 10 have gieat strength
and evenneae of fibre. Ten measurements
were made on each fiber, which showed
great evenness ol fleece from root to ouMr
no. Tears ago from one-fourth to one
third of an inob on the outer end of tho
wool was very muob coarser than the reBt
el' the fleece, in some cases three or four
nmes as large. This coarse ended wool
has been bred out, and the Merino wool is
even, and this evenness extends to the
outer end of the fibre. Evenness of fleeoe
is one proof of good breeding. The fol
lowing will snow too evenness of ateoe
from all parts of the pelt inoluding the
wool on the wrinkles t
(continued o irn iuoe)
If