Green-Mountain freeman. [volume], April 18, 1883, Image 1

About Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884

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GhEEN MOUNTAIN FREEMAN,
MONTPELIER, VT.
omre m the Brick Block, Head of State Htroet.
teums:
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VOL. XL.
MONTPELIER, VT., WEDNESDAY, APRIL 18, 1883.
NO- 16.
m m ii ii 11 i m . i ii
WW WW WJV w
MONTPELER.VT.
WEDNESDAY, APRIL 18,
1883.
Sunday School Lesson Kotos-
I1Y REV. J. O. SHEKBURN.
April it'. Petor Working-Mlraclea-Acta9-.32-43.
Among llio towns along the sea coast of
Juilea. visited bv Philip, the evangolist,
was Lydda. This town was situated
the ancient v:tllev of Sharon, nino miles
from Joppa, on one of the leading roads
from that town to Jerusalem. Peter and
John had been commissioned (Acts 8: 14)
to visit, tho believers at Samaria, and
Peter, probably unaccompanied, seems to
have gone on a genet al tour of inspection
anions the churches formed by the labors
of the evangelists who went out from
Jerusalem at the death of Stephen. The
design of this visitation was doubtless to
strengthen and encourage tho believers,
and bring the infant church into more
perfect unity. The believers at Lydda are
termed saints. This is about the tirst use,
in the New Testament, of that word in its
present signification. It means those set
apart from a worldly life to the service of
God. Tho term indicates no particular
sanctity in the believers at Lydda moro
than in those of other places, but recog
nizes the great fact that all true followers
of Christ are sanctilied or set apart for a
holy uso. Here Peter meets a man,
whether of the company of believers or
not wo are not told, who has for eight
years been helpless with palsy. Peter
doubtless fi lt a special divine prompting
to become the. agent of his healing; and
so at once ileolarcd him healed by the
vnrsoii of Christ. The fact of his real
healing Wits made evident to all when he
at once obeyed Peter's command and
arose.and folded up tho mattress on which
he had lain so long.
The result of sueli a miraelo was
astounding; Uio towns people and those
of the unjoining regions came and s:tw the
restored man and by general assent declar
ed their belief in Christ. We cannot
understand that each individual among
them turned (o tho Lord in the true spirit
ual sense, but rather that all became
convinced of tho truth that Christ was
divine, and that ho was yet present with
his people. The news of such a miracle
naturally spread to surrounding towns
and became known to ihe Christians
located there. So when at Joppa, a disct
pie, greatly beloved by all ihe peoplo,
died of some disease, the suggestion seems
to have been made at onee that perhaps
Peter might bo instrumental in raising
her to life again. If these disciples were
well instructed, they would have good
as3uranco lhat Peter could perform such a
work. For in the first commission, Jesus
gave the twelve.this power was mentioned,
and again he declared that the works
which he had done, and greater works,
should bo accomplished by his disciples.
Again if Peter command power to restore
a palsied man, helpless for eight years, he
could as easily raise tho dead.
The intenso desire of tho disciples at
Joppa for the life of Dorcas is a good
comment on the valuo of lhat life. In the
case of many individuals it would hardly
bo worth tho effort of sending to o neigh
boring town to secure their resuscitation.
Tho brief account given of tho woman is
full of instruction. She is said to have
been "full of good works and alms-deeds."
This is indeed a life of real abundance.
Nothing better is said of all the New Tes
tament worthies, Stephen was full of faith
and the Holy Ghost; but faith wilhout
works is dead, and it were profitless to be
filled with tho. Spirit, (if such a thing
cinld be) unless the world was fed with
the ripe fruits of Hie Spirit. The mourning,
too, that was caused by tho death of
Dorcas is powerful testimony to her
unselfish Christ-like life. It was mere
than the mere conventional, hired mourn
ing of the east that Peter witnessed when
he had come in haste from Lydda.
Wo cannot but think that the mourning
widows wero somo of the many she had
aided in her life time. Wo can imagine
one gazing upon Ihe face of the dead and
saying "This mantlo I have on was one
she gave me after ray husband died :'' and
another bringing forward children's
clothing, would say "These garments she
had just finished for my fatherless little
ones." Tho tribute paid to this dead
woman, doubtless a maiden lady of
considerable means, as the description of
her huuse wouid indicate, is ono that may
well be craved by all. A godly man of
our time says this of himself:
"I freely confess to you lhat I would
rather, when I am laid in the grave, some
one in his manhood would stand over me
and say : 'There lies one who was a real
friend to me, and privatelv warned me of
Ihe dangers of the young; no one knew it,
but he aided mo in the lime of need. I
owe what I am to him.' Or would rather
have some widow, with choking utterance,
Telephone Riches.
I met I o-day, at the Riggs House, a
man who is largely (interested in the man
ufacture of tho Hull telegraphio instru
ments, and was much surmised at some of
the statements ho made in regard to the
business. This man is so well known tc
the parties interested that he does not
wish to have his name given. "The tele
phone industry," said he, "is growing like
Jonah's gourd. AVithin the past month 1
have been over nearly tho whole of the
union, and I find the use of telephones in
creasing so largely that the manufacturers
are unable to supply tho demand. With
in the last six weeks I have taken ordore
for our factory alone for (i 000 telephone
bells and I shall sell 10,000 more during the
next mouth. The demand for the coming
spring promises to be the largest ever
known in the history of the telephone. We
have orders enough now on hand to keep
us busy for two years, and wo are increas
ing our capacity every year. There aro
five other Bell telephone factories in the
country, anil ihey are all doing well.
"Is iheiomuch money in telephones?'
I nBked.
"Well, I should sny so," was the reply
"I don't kno.v of any business lhat pays
better. Telephone companies usually
make a dividend of Id per cent the first
year, notwithstanding ihe cost of laying
wires and putting in llio instruments.
After this the expense is comparatively
small and the receipts proportionately
greater.
"Nearly every man wno nas oeen large
ly interested in telephones," ho continued.
has become weaitnv. All or me original
company of the Bell Invention, with per
haps a single exception, aro now million.
aires. Bell Mmscii only seven years ago
was a poor Englishman living in Now
Haven, Conn., and experimenting in tele
graphy. He had come from England a
few years before. One day while experi
menting on duplex messages he found he
could talk over the wires, and ho conceiv
ed the idea of his instrument, and we gave
the first exhibition of it in Yalo College
ball, before the students. Our first at
tempt was not a success; it wouldn't work
and we dismissed the audience with the
repression that tho experiment was a fail
ure and we were a couple of visionary
fools. We tried it again, however, a few
days later, in the New Haven opera house,
and succeeded so well that the Bell com
pany was organized at once. I established
the first company using the instrument.
Geo. W Coy, the greatest electrician in the
United Stute3 lo day, and myself wero in
partnership. Our first exchange had
eight wires, running to the houses of
friends all over the city. No one thought
of using it for business then. Wo had no
bells, but used electric buttons like those
for calling servants in hotels. Its success
created great excitement in New Haven,
and we soon had 20 subscribers and had to
put up 13 more wires. We next made a
board of iUU wires, bo lar it bad been
used entirely for social chatting and for
the curiosity of the thing, but soon busi
ness men saw the advantages ot the inven
tion, and, subscribers name in taster than
we could put up the wires. It soon spread
to other cities Boston, Lowell, Albany,
Iroy, and finally Chicago, adopting it.
Alter this exchanges sprang up so rapidly
II ovor tho country that it was impossi
ble to keep track of them, and from that
ime on the new business was a success.
At present there are more telephones in
New York than in any other city in the
world, and the number has been increased
at the rate of 20 a day for the last year.
Boston, unicago, JJitltimore, Cleveland
and Cincinnati are now putting in over GO
telephones a month, and Nashville is in
creasing its subscribers at the rate of two
per aay. villages are ostabirsuing ex
changes, and, the limo will come when
most of the houses will bo connected bv
telephone Tho business is being pushed
in Europe as well as in Amcrici but for-
igners are so slow to take up new things
hat there is not now one telephone in En
gland to 100 in America. In France the
telephone is used by some of the larger
business bouses, but as a convenience lor
the people it is almost unknown. In other
European countries it is much tho same.
he people don t seem to understand the
value of the invention and take hold of it
as the Americans do."
What does it cost a man to have a
telephone?"'
"Hates are diflerent in difiorent places,
ranging from S3 to S20 a month. When
Coy and myself started the first exchange,
we charged $18 a rear. In New York each
subscriber within half a mile of the
xcliange, pays 15 a month, and in Boston
nd Baltimore from $100 to $220 a year."
tvnat is sir. lie I estimated to be worth.
now ?" I asked.
"At least SG.000,000. His income is
very large, and grows every year with
the business. He is a dark complex
ioned man, between 3 j and 40 years of
age. lie talks wnh an English accent. At
tempts are now being made to break down
his patents, but it Is a question whether
they succeed."
"Tell me something about other men
who have made money in telephones."
"It would take all night," was the reply.
Neaily every man who has handled lliem
has made money. One of the most notable
instances is that of Thomas Watson, the
old gray haired mechanic who used to help
I..ii I.: : , ti
oeu iu ins cApeiiuiuuis. iiu nau a nine
lop in New Haven and made electrical
instruments: B -11 would give him an idea
ol what no wanted, and tho two would
experiment together until the, proper result
was readied. When tho company was
organized, Bell niado him a general
inspector lor tho united Mates. Ho is
now a millionaire,and his family is travel
g in r-urope.
".Marshall Jewell was largely interested
telephones, and made a great deal of
money by them. ii. r. irost, president
of the Connecticut telephone company.
as lam up a million during llio last tew
years, and George W. Coy is also a mil-
lionare, living in jNew Haven and ownins
a magnificent residence at Milford, near
there. He has more electrical patents
Puddings. An exeollent way of using
stale biscuits or cakes is to pound them
fine in a mortar; then mix with them two
eggs with their weight in butter; beat all
to a cream; pour into a mold and steam.
This is excellent cold with fruit, sucb ns
stewed prunes or apples.
A family in Hineabujgh wero horror
stricken by finding a large snake, com
monly known as the spotted adder, in a
barrel iroin wnicu tney nad been using
cider during the winter. It was known
that a snake crawled out of this barrel last
fall before it was filled, which, no ilonlv
was tho mate to the one that gave the
flavor to the cider.
The mother of a little girl in one of the
Sunday schools of the city has been anxious
to li nd out whether the child s teacher is
married or unmarried, and yesterday she
told tier to und out m a roundabout way
me facts oi me case. Alter tno class had
finished the exercises, the little girl said
to her teacher as naively as eon Id bo:
"Mother wanted me to liniloutin a round
about way whether you are Miss or Mrs.
." Hartford Eoeniig Post,
A delioato cako is made by beating up
five eggs very light; boat the whites and
yolks separately, and if tho yolks are at
all lumpy strain them. Beat three cups
of powdered sugar and one cup of butler
to a cream; and one cup of sweet milk,
four cups of sifted flour in which yon have
mixed ono teaspoonful and a half of
baking powder, and the juice and the.
grated rind of ono lemon. Put Ihe whites
of the eggs in last. Bake in a moderate
oven, in one largo, round loaf or in two
long, narrow tins.
Life's Heal "deaiilns.
i A New alloy. It has long been known
i lhat the introduction of iron into alloys of
A startling nature of tho month just i copper nnd zino materially nliers Ihe
dosed was tho number of suicides whioh i physical properties of the products
ocoured in it throughout Ibis country,'"" ,r,li better, (several attempt have
including the men and women of all sues u"'n m "lo lo no lion in this con
and conditions, from the starving old
scholar of eighty lo tho overworked
school boy who gave up the fight at six
teen, A physician in Philadelphia bus
just published a monograph on suicide
with statistics concerning iis extent and
characteristics in that city during tho de
cade ending in 1881. From it we find lh.it
oflhel2 93S cases of death requiring a
coroner's inquest in that limn, 636 wete
suioides, and lhat the proportion borne to
the population was from .4? to 1 1)7 per
cent. It is difficult to make any jut
reoiinn, but without practical success
Experimentally the results have prove
bauslueiory, hut when tried on a workin
to ne the pmcess has failed, from a want
tf uniformity in ihe products. Anion
others who have directed t heir attention to
Ihn mailer is Alexander Dick, of London
who. ufier careful exnerirrent and
search, h is succeeded in introducing tho
iron inii) the alloy iu such way as lo
give good re-nits on a practical- scale
I his success is obtained by previously
alloying tlx- bon in such a manner lhat it
estimation of Ihe causes which load lo self j 'a ' ominiieil in definite anil known proper
Purity ok Si'UECh. One of the hinhest
characteristics of manhood is in parity of
speecu. iNottiing win send a man s
character and reputation so far below par
as improper conversation. An obscene
story, a hllhy joke, a questionable word
or gesture, a sentence that would make a
pure person blush in public or private in
select or mixed company, is a burning
shame and scandal to a man. An obscene
story is next to obscene actions; a fiftby
jone is moraiiy as wrong as a li liny deed.
Ho who has impure lips and indulges in
impure speech is a disgrace and a corrup
ter of the morals of the young.
Look at This. In a certain manufac
turing town an employer one Saturday
night paid to his workmen $700 in crisp
new bins lhat bad been secretly marked.
On Monday $150 of those identical new
bins were deposited in the bank by saloon
keepers. When the fact was made known
the workmon were so startled by it that
they helped to make the place a no-license
town. 1 lie times would not be so "bard
for the workmen, if the saloons did not
take in so much of their wages. If they
would organize a strike against the
saloons, they would find the results to be
better than increase of wages, and to
include an increase of livings. S. S.
limet.
A Plea Foil Rich Men. There is one
thing that gives rich people the reputation
of being stingy, that they are not to blame
tor. Tbey dure not give muuh money to
charitable purposes for fear they will be
overrun with applicants. It is a singular
thing, but if Vanderbilt should givo away
a hundred thousand dollars in charity, he
would not be able to get into his house
or office wilhout running oyer dozens of
peoplo with subscription papers and
schemes. If Gould should give away half
a million dollars to charity, his life would
become a burden to him from the flocks of
honest people and dead beats who would
haunt him. Kich men prefer to feive
money through other parties, quietly and
unknown and go through life looked upon
as stingy, rather than place themselves in
a position to be annoyed to death by
applications. The most of the rich men
of this contry, who are looked upon as
very hoggish, give away large quantities
of money on ihe sly.--reiiiye.
friend , reo-Uterpil at WiislMno-Inn thon nriv nthor
--n ---j
telling her children : "There is you
anu uiiiiu no visueu me in my aiiucilon.l ,,. in ihn Tlmiml Smt,. lln I,,..
and found you, my son, an employer; ai d so)d a uis p.itcms to tho United Stales
telephone company, and has nothing to do
you, my daughter, a happy home in a
virtuous family.' I say 1 would rather
that sucb persons would stand at my grave
man to nave erected over it the most
beautiful sculptured monument of Parian
or Italian marble. 'The heart's broken
utterance of reflections of past kindness,
and the tears of grateful memory shed
upon the grave, arc more valuable, in my
estimation, than the most costly cenotaph
ever reared."
Peter entered the chamber of tho dend
and put these sincere mourners forth, nnd
after kneeling a moment in priyer, only
spake the word, and presented tho dead
alive again to those who were bowailing
their loss. So wonderfully did God hear
and help his servant who trusted in him!
This miracle had its natural and designed
effect, in causing many who had hesitated
before to becomo convinced of tho verity
of the gospel toictiing and to turn unto
the Lord. Thus all the while Peter wrs
beii.g prepared by obedience and faith for
the broader work to which wo shall find
him called from Joppa. It is said that his
lodgings there woro with a runn whose
cralt was in disrepute among the Jews,
bid God watched over tint house, and
angels cami) there; and it became llio
scene of a mighty victory over the cast
feeling so strong in Peter' nature.
with Bell's. The Bell men fear him, and
awake every morning expecting to hear
that he has perfected an invention that
will throw them entirely out of the market.
Coy gets $5000 a year for doing nothing.
He takes a trip to New York every now
and then, and the United States company
ask his advice as to electric matteis,
nnd pay him this money for what he
tolls them. He is bv all odds the bright
est electrician in tho United States."
Tiie "Gentleman in Overalls." He
was a gentleman who woro ovoialls and
carried a tin dinner-pail, His clothes wore
ready made, nnd his boots were not
symmetrical. He said tho long journey of
live miies eacn way 10 anu iroui his work
was trying. "Why don't you live in the
city?" "Because, sorr" iu n rich Mile
sian brogue "if I live in tho city I should
have lo live in a tenement house. You
don't know the kind of peoplo who live
there, generally. Sights go on, no woman
or child should sen. I want to save my
wife and children from seeing corruption,
so I moved out here. Good night, sorr!"
And he left Iho car at the little cottage,
whose inmates were sheltered from
"corruption," nnd was greeted with a
chorus of "Here's father!" lhat showed
ihe gentleman with tho dianer pail had
not lavished care without receiving a
return In love. Hwlon Tmrnchpt,
To Clean Lamp Burners. Kerosene
oil is generally used for lights in the
country, and the cleaning of lamp chim
neys is quite tiresome, but must be attended
to every day. The burners often get out
of fix, and it Is veiy vexatious to keep
them in running order. When they get
closged nnd will not turn up or down,
and are all covered with soot and gum,
do not throw them away, but take a little
iron kettle and put in it a pint of wood
ashes and a quart of water; put in the
burners and set them on the stove, and
let them boil live or ten minutes; take
them out, nnd, with a soft ras, wash them
clean and dry them well. They are then
as goou as new, auu win qo anolnerstxl
months, it is very little trouble to do it,
and saves much vexation. After ono has
tried it once she will not bo apt to forget
it. Nice looking, clean lamps are quite
ornamental, while a smoky chimney and
bad smelling burners are not ngreeablo.
Country Gentleman.
Burma A Gihl. Yesterday, though
the weather was bitterly cold, there was a
lull in the storm, the word was brought
over to the saloon that there was to be a
horse race between the Indians and half
breeds on the other side of the Elbow.
There was a general stampede for the
foot bridge, nnd I made m way over in
company with a cowboy, whom I know
oniy as nuoriy.- as wo were crossine
the stream ho handed me a handful of
nuts, and remarked that be was taking a
pocketful ovor to "his girl." "Where did
you get a girl P" I asked. "I bought her
over here at the Blackfoot camp lat
night." "What did you givo for her?"
"Thirty-fivo dollars." Oh, here she is,"
he added, as a little six-year-old Black
foot girl came capering down the bank to
meet him and take possession of tho nuts.
The little ono had on a new dress, warm
stockings, new shoos, and a littlo black
blanket, all of which had evidently come
out of a store within the last twenty-four
uours. uur luaoing ner wun the nuts,
Shorty allowed her to start back toward
the lodge, but thinking her blanket did not
fit her closely enough, be called her back,
and taking off the empty cartridge belt
which held bis own overcoat together, he
belted her little blanket snugly around her
waist ana wen sent uer oil. the hanniest
youngster In tho Blackfoot camp. "What
will you do with her?" I asked. "Her
mothor ii to keep her till I go back to
Montana, and then I'll take ber down
home and give her to tho 'old woman'
(bis mother,) and then," he added very
seriously, "she's a nice, innocent littlo
girl now, but if she stays here she'll
starve till she grows np, and then go to
the bad. I'll take her homo, and mother'll
make a woman of ber." I could not help
thinking, ns I went back to the saloon,
that Shorty and his mother were likolv lo
accomplish more between them than many
a pretentious society of wealthy philan
thropists might do during prosperous
career of several years." Fart Galarry
i Alter i lummy wiore.
mt rder. Two facts, however, nrepiovod
by the statistics referred lo, that suicide
in this country is almost exclusively con
lined the classes which lutvu received
some degree of cultivation; and 1h:ii, like
disease, it bears a fized and marked pro
portion to different ages. 1 lius.nl the 03G
cases just cited, 21 occurcd hetwecu Ihe
ages of fifteen and twenty; from Hut nuns
c,f twenty to thirty the number leaped lo
110; during the next 10 it increased 10 149
after that age ths decrease was as abruut
as tho increase, ending at three Ix-tween
eighty and ninety, when one would sup
poso all nnnetizinz flavor would have
faded out of life, out of the vast horde of
tho decrepit and unsuccessful crowding
close to the loose-hinged gules of death
many would be tempted to push Ihcm
ajar.
Another fuet hints suggestively at tho
cause of suicide; which is, that this crime
is more common among tho French and
Americans than among any other nations
while in this country it is more frequent
among men than women, and among whites
than tho colored races. In other words, iho
man whose ambition and imagination h tve
been stimulated by the chance set before
him in life, and whose nervous tcinpeia
mcnt is least able to bear the disappoint
ment of this Hiiiliiui n, Is most likely to
commit self murder. The colored races
here, nnd the natives of counties in Europo
where ranks and gradas are fixed and
inflexible, have little hope for and aro
therefore unlikely to aiake risky ventures
which ond in despair. The ago at which
suicide usually occurs here also proves
this to be Ihe principle causo. From 20
lo 40 every American of avorage intellect
is hotly engaged in the race toward some
high goal, either of fame or fortune or
colossal achievement. Ho never limits
himself to a moderate success. The great
prizes are open to every man: why should
he not be the ono to win them? A 50 ho
knew his mistake and measures himself
more justly. Disanoointment has tausrht
him self-control. Ho is not likolv to out
a pistol to his head at that age, even if he
recognized the fact that be will always be
a poor man, or insignificant or unloved in
his home. Again, the classes to whoui
tins Kind oi philosophic sell control is
taught in youth are not found among the
lists ot sell-murderers. Who ever heard
of a Quaker suicide? The Quaker's reli
gion is no more powerful or deterrent
against ill doing than that of other men,
but his Imagination has been held in check ;
ho has been taught from babyhcod lo set
his ambitions low, to harden his moral
skin against all wounds. Women, too,
while deficient m the courage of braving
ill, are greatly superior to men in the
courage of enduring it. Their domestic
affections also are keener and moro unsel
fish, and they are more likely, to remem
ber the added weight of horror and grief
which they let fall on thosa who aro left
when they creop cowardly into the grave
to hide from pain.
The readiness of Americans to lean into
tho dark beyond is ihe symptom of sjmo
national weakness of character, and if we
go to the boltom of the matter we shall
find that to be the universal nnd increasing
habit of pursueing the material things of
life ns the object of our existence, instead
of a happy lite itself. Wo eall the man
successful Mio has gained a notoriety or a
million or two, or a nomination for ui esi-
dent. These are goals we sot before our
boys from their birth. Who notices Ihe
man who knows how to love, lo make
the most of his little chances, of his days
and hours, so as thoroughly to use and
enjoy themP Leaving the duilcs and com
forts and joys of of the Christian faith out
ot the question for the time, it is indisnut-
able that tho successful man is the satisfied
and contented one. The owner of a bun
dred millions or a brillinnt reputation may
be satisfied or he may not be; but the man
wnose tastes are clean and simnlc. who
has been taught to take a pleasure in his
friends, in r ature, in music and in tbooks
whoso temper is under control, and who.
above all, has a capacity for staudy hard
work, and a conscientious delight in doing
must be satisbed and contented. He is
'successful"though he end'hisdays a poor
meciianie. lie wears coarse clothes, he
carries bis tools to tho last, yet be bus
learned how lo live, to press out of each
moment as it goes the best twino for him
solf and others. No defeat of circumstance
will ever drive him to the pistol or the
rnpo. We Americans aro known as mor
bid, money getting and pretentious in our
aims, yet we have the richest heritage in
tue worm lo leave our children; it we
would teach Iheiu the meaning of life, no
people ever born would bo qualifiod to do
a noble work so nobly. jsieui lork Trio
line.
lions wii'n iho zinc. When ordinal'
wrought iron is introduced into molten
zinc ihe hitler nadily dissolves or ab
sorbs thy lonner. Tho exuct point of
aluriitmn ,r the proportion dissolved va
ries wun Hie temperature at which tin
molten zino is maintained during tho
piocet-s; and it is by carefully ascertaining
ami controlling tins temperature thut Mr
kick nas neon nine lo succeed in obiainin
a peifecily uniform product. The metal
thus produued, and to which the
n.Hae of Delia metal has been iriven, is
stand In tio as much superior lo brass
as phosphor-bronze is lo gun-metal or
as stistl is to iron. It has an excellent
coior. is very easily worked, takes a high
polish, and larnishes less quickly than
bra-,-. ;ind on the whole appears to be sus
oeptihlo of a very wide application, both
lor csi mi and oriiauientiil purposes,
A Key to Editorial Expressions.
Au iillenti.n reader of newspapers can see
a gie.il ileal inure than is set down on the
priiitc-ii page. For instance, an expression
common in these days ol nominations is
"While a portion of ihe ticket is not fuel
as we snou'ul have nominated, we shall
give it our hearty support." This means
that tho eilhor's most bitter enemy, who
will give ihe priming to the oilier piper
ilhoc iii. is on tho ticket, anil the editor
hop3- that the low down reptile limy be
bealen out ol sight. In the case ot ilistin
guished oratoi s. the remark : "The Hon
Mr. Blank was attacked with sudden
indisposition and did not speak," means
lhat the venerated Blatcttiian was too
drunk to bold his head up. The obseiva
lion moans tho same thing when applied
to the lights of the Amorlcan stage. "We
failed to catch tho last words of the speech"
moans lliiit eloquence at the critical period
was drowned in "budge." "Wo regret
that wo have not siwco to publish the gen
tleman s eloquent cuort in lull" means
that, in the editor's opinion, the speech
would have made reflective mule leave
his o.-its, and that it would be an outrage
on the public to print it. "We may reler
lo the address hereafter" means that the
newspaper man feels happy at getting out
of it this time, and trusts lhat perdition
may seize him if he ever mentions the
matter again. In obiluary notices "con
gostion of tho brain," when applied to a
gentleman of easy views in regard to
drinks, means delirium tremens, and "He
was his own worst enemy," means that
tho deceased w:is a drunkard, and the
worst enemy of the peoplo who loaned
him money "He had his faults, who of
us has no! ?'' is an equivalent expression.
In regard to performances, dramatic, and
otherwise, "Those who failed to bo present
misgcil a rion ireat" mean that everybody
"failed." "Tho audience was small but
appreciative" means that nobody was
present except tho holders of comnlimea
turies. "Owing to tho inclemency of the
weather the audience was not what it
would have been,1' means that nobody
would have been thero had tho sky been
as clear as crystal, and tho "neighborhood
been lanned by tno spicy breezes, ' accor
ding to thu hymn book, "blow soft o'er
Ceylon's isle." In the way of dramatic
criticism ".Mr. Montmorency shows some
cruditv and inexperience, whicb will
doubtless disappear with time and study"
means that Mr. M. is a hopeless and
irredeemable alick, finally "A scandal in
high life h is been brought to our notice,
of which we shall have more to say in a
few d.ivs," that means well that means
"business.'' AMiinson, (A'in.) Champion,
A Scriptural Dinner. Several Brook
lyn preachers ot various scots, have a
union, and recently one member gave the
others a dinner. The bill of fate was
neatly printed as follows :
"What ye shall eat, or what ye shall
drink," (Matt, vi : 25.) "Spread a cloth
of blue and put Ihereon llio dishes, the
spoons, and the bowls and covers,"
(Numb, iv : 7.)
Soup Esau's "Red Pottngo," (Gen.
xxv: 80;) Broiled Fisb," (Luke xxiv :
42.)
Roasts "Fatted Calf," (Luke xv : 23;)
Roast Limb and Bitter Herbs, (Kz, xii :
8.)
Vegetables "The Cucumbers." (Num
bers xi : 5:) "Bitter Herbs," (Ex. xii:
8;; "Olives," (Mi. vi : 15;) -Husks,"
(Luke xv : 16 )
Dessert Mish-mlsh ; "Apples of Gold,"
(Prov. xxv : tl.)
Confections Damascene.
Drinks Water, (Judgesjiv : 19;) Sher
bet; Coffee.
One waitress was dressed like a woman
of ancient Athens, and another as a
Roman ; the man servant was arrayed In
"a coat of many colors," like Joseph's.
Mish-mlsh is a dish of Palestine, made of
rice and apricots. Damascene, from the
same region, is made of tigs, raisins,
walnuts, nnd almonds, ohopped together
and pressed. The oriental sberbut was of
orange juioe and attar of roses. Tho Vox
is profoundly impressed with tho idea lhat
this is a protly good union to belong to,
for there is nothing liko objeot teaching.
Vox lHtpuK.
Mr. Tilden comes to tho front gate
again with a clean bill of health and n
gymnnstlo certificate. He is in the race
for the democratic nomination sure
enough. Other aspirants may write to
each other, In Ihe language of Lord
Byron's note about a female friend:
"Lady , who has been dangerously
111 Is now dangerously woll." That's
what's the matter with Air. Tilden.
The C'kami'ino Influence ok the Sea.
John Uorroughs has an interesting
paper in tbo Apiil Century on the sea, in
the course of which he says: One does
not seem really to have got out of doors
till bo goes to sea. On the land he is
shut in by tho hills or Ihe forests, or more
or less boused by the sharp lines of his
horizon. But at sea he finds the roof
laken off, Ihe wall taken down; he is no
longer in the hollow of the earth's hand,
hut upon ils naked back, with nothing
between him and the immensities. He is
in the great cosmic out of doors, as much
so as if voyaging to the moon or to Mars.
An astronomic solitude and vacuity
surrounds him ; his only guides and land
marks are stellar; the horizon has gone;
he has only the sky nnd its orbs left ; this
cold, vitreou, blue-black liquid through
which the ship plows is not water, but
some denser form of the cosmic ether. He
can now sco the cut vo of Iho sphere which
tho hills hid from him; ho can study
astronomy under improved conditions. If
be was being borne through the interplan
etary spaces on an immense shield, his
impresMons would not perhaps be much
diflerent. He would find tho same vacuity,
the same blank or negative space, the same
empty, indefinite, oppressive out of doors.
tor it must be admitted that a voyage
at sea is more impressive to tho imagina
tion than to the actual senso. The world
is left behind; all standards of size, of
magnitude, of distance, are vanished;
there is no size, no form, no prospective;
the universe has dwindled lo a little circle
of crumpled water, that journeys with you
day at or daj', and to which you seem
bound by some enchantment. The sky
becomes a shallow close lilting dome, or
else a pall of cloud that seems ready to
descend upon you. Yon cannot see or
realize ihe vast and vacant surrounding;
thero is noihing lo dclino it or set it off.
Three thousand miles of ocean s pace aro
less impressive than threo miles bounded
by rugged mountain walls. Indeed, the
grandeur ot limn, ol magnitude, of
distance, of proportion, etc., are only upon
shore.
A voyage across the Atlantic, is a ten
days1 saii through vacancy. There is no
sensible progress; you pass no fixed points.
Is it the steamer that is moving, or is it
the sea? or is it all a danoe and illusion of
the troubled brain? Yesterday, to day and
to-morrow you aro in tho same parenthesis
of now here. The 300 or more miles the
ship daily makes is ideal not real. Every
night tin- stars d moo anu reel there in the
same place amid the rigging; every morn
ing the sun conies up from behind the
same wave and slaggors slowly across the
sinister sky. Tho eye becomes ahunger
for form, for permanent linos, for a horizon
wall to lilt up nnd keep olt the sky and
givo it a seno ot room. One understands
why sailors become an imaginative and
superstition race; it is the reaction from
this narrow horizon in which they aro put
this ring of file snrroundsand oppresses
them. Ihcy escape by invoking the i id
of thu supernatural. In the sea itself there
is far li vi lo slimulato the imagination
than in the varied forms nnd colors of the
land. How cold, how merciless, how
o'oniental it looks!
A Modern Good Samaritan. The
writer of this interesting little skotch
spent an hour tho other evening in a Hud
son river railroad train studying a drama
which a Dickens would easily convert into
a pathetic story. Ine car was very full
Among the passengers was a well dressed
Canadian Frenchman of middle age, and
standing in the aisle at his side his buxom
and pretty daughter. Our attention was
first attracted by bis endoavor to got out
of his seat, and her endeavor to keep him
in it. At last the pushing aud counter
pushing developed into a regular tussle,
in which, of course, ihe girl was worsted ;
and the man, getting into the aisle, made
bis way toward the door. The daughter
pursued him, begging the passengers not
to let him out. What is everybody's
business is nobody's business, and it seem
ed doubtful whether any one woul
interfere. He got the door open, and was
out on the platform, Ihe daughtorclinglog
to his coat in a vain endeavor to hold buu
back. Tliuro was a moinentnry struggle
on the p'ntlorm; then a burly, round
faced, muscular genileman, whom bis
comrades called "tho captain, ' sprang
into the aisle, pushed the girl aside with a
gentle violence, and, springing out upon
tbe plnttorm, collared tbe drunken L-nna
dinn, broaght him back, forced him into
his sent, and awed him by a threat of
handcults. All this had taken place so
quickly that tho pasengers had hardly
awakened to what was going i n. it men
transpired that !ior faiber. crazy with
drink, nnd wanting to smoke, a privilege
not allowable in the car, had undertaken
to get oil' the train while it was running at
the rate of forty miles an hour, get his
smoke, and take the next train Ihe
Hudson river railroad, being seiiously
embarrassed by us povony stricken
condition, furnished on this train only one
brakerann lo every four cars; and there
would have been no mm to prevent the
oonsummaliou of trie tragedy had it not
been lor "llio captain. " How ho look
possession of Ihe drunken Frechtnan, and
kept him in his seat; bv what stratagems
be kept bun quiet, and how be grtdually
acquired such a mastery over him that the
Canadian curled himself up in a corner
and went to sleep, while "t'le captain
giving np his own pleasauter quarters, sat
by his side, there is no room Here lo tell,
lie did not look like a man who would
make an eloquent prayer in a prayer
meeting, or an eloquent speech at a
temperance meeting: but he constituted
himself the guardian of the crazy French
man and his daughter, and when wo left
the train at half-past eight, appeared good
for the all night sentry duty which ho had
undertaken; tor both guardian and
guarded were going through Montreal.
And we camo away retlecling, that, il
Jesus of Naz ireth lived on earth now, ue
would have found in this simple inoidont
a modern instance of a good Samaritan.
The Christian Union.
Herodotus, "iho father of history," and
great Greek traveler, is ever pointing,
in his quiet, simple way, to the dangers
which arise Irom strong drink. He relates
that Cambyses, the Persian king, sent a
umber ot ambassadors to a chief ot the
Macrobii, that they might investigate the
strength of his followers. The great Per
sian monarch, jealous and envious of this
little ehicltain, purposed to visit bim.
The chieftain, knowing all that was going
on, says to the embassadors, "Look at this
bow; lake this back to your master, and
tell bim i but when he, or any of his sol
diers, can bend this bow, nnd can send as
many to me as there are Macrobians, then
he cun conquer the Maorobii, and not till
then." Herodotus records lhat these
people lived to 120 yeare. They stood
heads above the Persian ambassadors.
The Persians, by this time, had become
accustomed to wine: the Macrobians were
abstainers. They lived on milk and simple
diet, and so retained all their strength of
bady, with health and length ot lite and
appiness.
No Excuse. A quiet looking man went
nto a saloon and remarked to the bar
tender : "I would liko very much to have
drink, I haven't any money, and it is
unnecessary to make promises.
"Are you sicki1
"No, sir."
"Got a pain in your stomach? '
"No, mystomach is all right."
"Havn't got the rheumatism "
"No, sir,"
"Toothi-che?"
"No."
' Been diiappointed in anything?"
"No, sir.
"Here, sir. Allow me to make you a
present of a fine bottle of whisky. You are
the only man I ever saw who makes no
excuse for drinking. Whenever you want
anything come around," and he turned
away to wait on a man who was sunoring
with neuralgia. Arh Traveler
A High Authority. A medical opin
ion on the temperance question was
pronounced by an eminent authority nt a
meeting in isew ioik rocentiy. At a
meeting convened to consider the best
means of promoting practical temperance
reform. Dr. '.V. II. Draper spoke of the
pathological aspect of tbe temperance
Question. Physicians had to recognize the
existence of alcohol and the almost uni
versal appetite for it. His first suggestion
was thai Ihe society should diffuse infor
mation as to tho effects -of alcoholic
stimulants, which was greatly needed.
His experience, based on twenty five years
of practve, convinced him that for all
persons with sound constitutions alcohol
in any shape was absolutely unnecessary
and absolutely hurtful.
i Death Painless. A Philadelphia
physician has made a special study of
death, both through his personal observa
tions and those of others, ami his con
elusion Is that dissolution is painless. "I
mean," be explains, "that it approaches
ns unconsciously ns sleep. The soul leaves
the world as painlessly as it enters it.
Whatever be the causes of death, whether
bv lingering malady or sudden violence,
dissolution comes either through syncope
or asphyxia. In the latter case, when re
sulting from disease, tho struggle is long
protraeted, and accompanied by all the
visible marksof agony which theimagina
tion associates with tho closing scene of
lifo. Death does not strike all the organs
of tbe body nt the same time, and Ihe
lungs are the last to givo up the perform
ance of their funotions. As death ap
proaches, tbe latter gradually become
more and more oppressed; henee the
rattle. Nor is the contact sufficiently
perlect to change the black venous into
' lie red arterial blood; an unpreparud
fluid consequently issues from the lungs
inlo the heart, nnd is thence transmitted
to every other organ of the body. The
brain receives it, and its energies appear to
be lulled thereby into sleep generally
tranquil Bleep filled with dreams which
impel the dying lo murmur out the names
of friends and the occupations and recol
lections of past lifo.
The Southern "Gatok." A writer in
tbo Continent says that six thousand buhy
alligators are sold in Florida every year,
and the nmounl of ivory, number ol" skins.
and quantity of oil obtained Irom tho older
members of the Siuriau family are suf
ficient to entitle them to a high place
Rinong tbe products of the state. The hun
ters sell young "gators" at twenty-five
dollars per hundred, and dealers from
seveni y-llvecents to ono dollar each. Live
alienors two years old represent lo the
captor hlty cents each, and to the rioaler
Irom two to nve dollars, as llio so ison ol
travel is at Us height or far advanced. A
ten Toot alligator is worth ten dollars.
and one fourteen feet long twenty-five
dollars, to tbe hunter, whilu Ihe dealer
charges twice or three times that price.
The eggs are worth to the hunter fifty
cents per dozen, and to tbe dealer twenty-
hve cents each, irle dead alligator is
quite as valuable as the live one, for a
specimen nine feet long and reasonably fat
will net both branches ot tho trade as
follows: The hunter gets $5.50 for the oil,
SI lor the skin, and $10 for the head,
making a total of $16. 50. The dealer gets
S7.0 lor the oil, $1 for the skin, and 825
for the head, making a total of $3C.o0.
The value of the head is ascertained by
the number and size of the teeth. Deal
ers mount especially fine specimens ot the
skull, but tbe greater number have no
other value than that of tho ivory they
contain.
The Mistakes Farmers Make.
The Bovsok Vermont. The following
slory is told by a gentlenan who in his
younger days attended the Kimball Union
academy at Meriden,;N. II. Tho academy
is not far from tbe line wh'ch separates
that stato from Vermont, and the young
men and women who are educated there
aro mainly from these two states.
With general good feeling and occasional
ly a warmer attachment between tbe boys
and girls of tbe Granite state and those
from Vermont, there was not a little gen
eral rivalry and sometimes sharp sparing
and trials of strength with or between the
two. Independence day, 1814, the stu
dents celebrated with a picnic in the woods
a collation, songs, speeches and toasts.
The writer had occasion to remember it
for It was the first and only time in his
life that ho officiated as toast master.
After the regulation toasts were road and
responsive speeches were made volunteer
speeches were oalled for. A Green
Mountain, boy, wno by supposition, bad
not mot with success in his wooing of
Granite stato girl sent up the following
toast :
"The girls of Now Hampshire Their
hoarts are harder than their native rocks.''
This brought down tbe house (or the
grove) and it was some; minutes hefore a
response could oo caned lor. iiut It oame
promptly and from a New Hampshire girl
thus: "The boys of Vermont Greener
than their native hills."
The applauso was deafoning, and more
than one hundred sons and daughters of
New Hampshire (looluding the toast mas
ters) yearned convulsively to clasp that
ready-witted and trnth-loving sister to
their delightful bosoms.
An exchange, pjblished in the interior
of the state, speaks of the departure of an
old settler for Dakota, where he will laue
up a quai ter section of land and start in
life again at llm age of seventy. The
case of tne man is so near mat oi ttiou
sands of others that a few comments may
not bo out of place, llio man had a nice
farm near a splendid town, where he had
lived .and brought up a family. Ho got
tired of farming, sold the farm for six
thousand dollars, moved to town and
went into the livery business, and in three
years went through everything except a
team and lumber wagon, and now he has
packed jp nnd gone to Dakota; with a
heart heavier tban his pocketbook. and he
will die out there. The number of farmers
that decide to go to town to live every
year, and go into business is app tiling.
Every town has them, and nine out of
ten become poor. They get an idea that
town business ien are the happiest people
on the earth, and have au easy time, and
hey set to brooding over their hard lite.
and they think anybody can run a store, a
orocery, or a livery stable, and they sell
out the farm and go into tho business,
because it seems so easy to weigh nut
suear and tea. They can always rind
grocery man who will sell out the remains
of a sick stoeu oi groceries ior reauy
oash. and when the farmer first sets his
name over the door ot a grocery, bo toels
as though he was made, and puts his
thumbs in the armholes of his vest. lie
used his money to stock up, pays cash,
and his credit is good, and he buys every
thing that is shown to him. Thecoiumer-
cial traveler who first strikes the farmer
grocer has everything his own way, and
Drettv soon the grocory is full. It generally
takes a larmer two years to go turougu ti
500 acre farm in tho grocery business
Instead of the business being an easy
run itself sort of a lay out, it requires tho
best manasement of any branch of trade
The profits are small and the waste is
terrible. A grocer has got to he as sharp
as tacks. The farmer's boys und girls
soon realize that tbey are merctlant s sons
and daughters, instead of farmers, and
they have to keep up with the processiou.
There .has to be lots of things bought as
merchants that, would never bo thought of
as farmers. The farm house lui niture is
not irood enoush. the democrat wagon
o-ivos Dlaee to a carriage, the old marcs
give place to high steppers, and i ho girls
dress bettor and do not work. The family
lives out of the grocery, the boys play
base ball, and the girls go to big parties.
Tho farmer is a good fellow and trusts
many other good lellows who can't pay.
and in some cases he gets to drinking.
Bills begin to come in and be can't collect
enough to pay rent. Friends that would
help bim out witn money wuen no nau a
farm, will now tell him money is mighty
scarce, and ne win nave io give a cuauei
mortgage on the stock.
The stock runs down till there is
nothing left but a red tin can of mustard
with a bull's head on it, some canned
peaches and cove oysters on the shelves, a
few boxes ot wooden ctotues pins, six
wagon loads of barrels with a little sugar
in the bottom, a couple of dozen wash
boards, a box of codfish of the vintage of
1860, which smells like a glue factory, a
show case lull ot inree cent wooden
pocket combs, bluing, hairpins, and shaving
soap, some empty cigar Doxes mai me
boys nave smonou tue cigara oui oi , auu
a few sucn tmngs mai, uo not uiing
enough at an auction to pay for printing
the auction bills. Then the farmer breaks
up and goes west, leaving a lot of bills in
the hands of a lawyer for collection, who
manages lo collect enough to pay his
commission, and me lamiiy mat was so
happy on the farm, and so independent
becomes demoralized. The girls marry
chambermaids in livery stables rathor
than so west, the boys go to driving hack.
or working a threshing maohino, or tend
ing bar, and refuse to go west, and tbe
old folks go to Dakota alono, and wish
they were dead, and will be quick enough.
This is the history of thousands of farmers
who get tired ol the old farm, it tney
would but realize that they are better
fixed than nine-tenths of the merchants in
towns, and that tbey cannot become
sucoessftil merchants any more than
merchants can become successful farmers,
they would learn something that would be
valuable to them. .feet's tSun.
pelts witli the wool on, wash them in
warm water, remove all the fleshy matter,
and clean i be wool thoroughly with soft
soap and water. Having thus freed it of
all fatly matter apply to the flesh side the
following mixture: Tuko a half pound
each of line salt und powdered alum and a
ball an ounce ol lionix. Dissolve, iiiese in
u quart of hot water, and after cooling the
mixture to a degree that the hand may be
held in it, and rye meal to make it into a
paste. After spreading it on the fleshy
side of the pelt and the quantity named
is what will he needed for one pelt fold
the pelt lengthwiso and let it remain in
an airy place for two weeks, nfier which
remove the paste, wash and dry. When
nearly dry scrape with a knife which
should be of cresent shape, and the soft
ness of the pelt will depend very much
upon Iho amount ot working that is
bestowed upon it.
If the skin is to be used for a mat, the
following plan is to be recommended:
with a strong lather made with hot water
but used whon cold wash the fresh
skin, being careful to get out all the dirt
from the wool. It is better to plunge the
skin right into Ihe hither. After doing
so wash tbe skin clean in cold water.
Now dissolve a pound each of salt nnd
alum, in two gallons of hot water. Put
this into some sort of a tub in which Ihe
skin can be placed and have the mixture
cover" it. After twelve hours soaking, lake
it out and hang it upon a pole lo drain.
When it has been well drained, stretch it
upon a board to dry, and stretch it several
times during the process otdrying. Before
it is ciuito dry sprinkle on the dosh side
one ounce each of powdered alum and
saltpetre, rubbed in well. If the wool is
then found to he firm on the skin it can be
folded up and let remain two or three
days, or until dry, turning Ihe skin over
from day lo day. Ihcn scrape the flesh
side with a blunt knife, and rub it with
pumico stone
.Now, in conclusion, we wouio givo me
following ns a good way of lannirg any
kind of a lur skin. Alter preparing it by
cutting oft' the useless parts, and softening
it by soaking in warm water for nn hour
or such a matter.mi it equal parts of horux,
saltpetre and glnuber stilts, in proportion
of about ono half ounce each for each skin
with sufficient, wa er to make a thin paste.
Spread this with a brush on the flesh side,
applying it somewhat thicker on Ihe
thicker parts. Double the skin together,
flesh side in, and hang in a cool place as
directed above. Aflor twenty four hours,
wash the skin clean, and apply in the way
before described, one ounce of salsoda,
half an ounce of borax and two ounces of
hard whito soap, melted slowly together
without being allowed to boil. Fold the
skin together again and put away in a
warm place for twenty-four hours. Afier
this dissolve four ounces of alum, eight
ounces of sail and two ounces ot sitleratus
in enough hot water to saturate the skin.
When the hands can be borne in the mix
ture, soak the skin in ii fur twelve hours.
Then wring and hang it up to dry. Repeal
this soaking and drying two or three
limes until the skin is as soft as you want
it. Then smooth the insido with lino sand
paper and pumice stone. Western Rural.
Devon Cattle. Col. M. C. Weld
writes as follows in American Aqrieultur
isl for Feqrnary :
Ouc who sees a herd of Davons for the
first lime is struck with their extraordinary
beauty and uniformity, and sees at onee
that they differ from every other brocd, or
stock of cattle with which ho is acquainted.
fhey are of a brilliant, rich mahogany
red, without white noon the body, but
with white switches to their tails, and
frequently with while udders. Though
he.ivv in carcass ihey tiro light limbed,
tnd the older cows low set. Their heads
ire small and clean cut, elegantly placed
md carried high, while they are adorned
with long, light, tuporing white horns.
curving upward and outward. Ibeir
throais are clean; withers thin; necks
free from dewlaps; diesis very wide;
and briskets projecting and hung low. In
girlli they are largo for their height; very
thiek through tho heart, and unequalled in
the crops, which point carries iho fullness
of tho shoulders back to the ri!- without
perceptible depression. Tho bicks aro
very level from the withers to the setting
of the tails, which are long and delicately
tnuer,l. The loins are wide und muscular;
the hips V, ido apart, the back long to thu
rump, while the thighs aro long lo the
hocks, and in the twist well let dowti, yet
in ihe lower parts Ihey are thin, giving
room between them for capacious u iders.
The soft flanks are usually very low,
giving thu barrels a cylindric it. level look
upon the under line. Devons are com
monly heavily coated, aud tie hair 's
wavy, if nol positively curly, in many
eases, me sum is puisne anu meiiow
under the much, even when the animal is
in low condition, but when in good order
it is typically fine, not linn und papery.
but elastic aud yielding under ihe pressure
of Ihe finger tips, and ofie.i nig a uioi'ilc.
unctuous handful if graped over the ribs.
The skin color varies, but nut a fev show
a rich cream color, inclining to orange
under tho fore-arm, and in the ears. Add
to this description that tbe less tire short,
small boned and clean, that (he whole
carriage und style are elastic and u. ttet fill.
with a promptness aud energy rateiy seen
in neat cattle, while tho large, lively jet
placid eye indicates at once intelligtuce.
confidence and reposo, and we have a
picture of a high-bred, benutiful race of
cattle, such as has no iqual anywhere.
The oxen are much trained, very quick in
their movements, fast walkers, and untir
ing workers. The cows aro deep milkers.
Tanning Sheep Sins. A corrospon.
dent inquires how to tan sheep skins, and
another makes the general inquiry as to
"how skins are tanned." We may answor
both in what we here say. To tan sheep
Suggestions for Milk Setting.
Prof. L. B. Arnold gives the following
suggestions for milk setting: 1st, To
make the finest flavored and longest keep
ing butter, the cream must undergo a
riuenins proooss by exposure to the
oxygen of the air while it is sweet. This
best done wniie n is rising, ine
ripening is very tardy when the tempera
ture is low. 2d, After cream becomes
sour, the more ripening the more it depre
ciates. The sooner it is then skimmed
and churned the better, but it should not
be churned when too new. Tbe best time
for skimming and churning is just before
acidity becomes apparent. 3d, Cream
makes better butter to rise in cold air
tban to rise in cold water, but it will rise
sooner in cold water, and the milk will
keep sweeter longer. 4th, The deeper
milk is 3et the less airing tho cream gets
while rising. The depth of setting should
vary with the temperature; the lower it
is the deeper milk may be set; the higher,
the shallower it should be. Milk should
never be set shallow in a low temperature
nor deep in a high one. Setting deep in
cold water economizes time, labor and
space. 5th, While milk is standing for
oream to rise the purity of the cream, and
consequently the fine flavor and keeping
of the butter, will be injured if the surface
of the oream Is exposed freely to air
much warmer tban the oream. 6th, When
cream is colder than the surrounding air,
it takos up moisture and impurities from
the air. When the air is colder than the
cream, it takes up moisture and whatever
escapes from tbe oream. In the former
case the cream purifies tho surrounding
air ; in tbe latter, the air helps to purify
tbe cream. The selection of a creamer
should hinge on what is most desired
highest quality or greatest convenieneo
nnd etonomy in time, space and labor.