The Caledonian. [volume], July 21, 1865, Image 1

About The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867

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TIIE CALEDONIA.
ST. JOliNSHL'ity, VT.
C. M". S TXE t C. Tubllsliers
ium. i. xt door uortl' o( Court llouee.
TEtiltS -u'
I! jni t itrictly
aopy jim aiiimin.
i:i edvance
.J2.5U
.$-'.0M
l'MiTAtiK -The poiUse ou Tu Caliiia to tub-icribt-rt
ln thii county U frue; to aiiy part of the I'nited
uui Dutiiile of tlU oounty, fivc Mnti jim- quarter, or
twiJtity miu iisr vear, jmy&ble in advance ut the otlice
irhere tje paunr u reeeived. Traiisiwnt eopiia nii he aent
iu );skSi of tlirvu or ltti fur two ctmti.
TKKMS OE ADVIKTI3INU Poi onesquaie (1! liuu
t!iti mze lyjw; tire ituertioni, or leu, $1.'J6. Knch ad
dition.iliiu.rtK.il. iiiimu .1 priimiv. Yearly contracti
iaile t tlit' rate of $- a square lor any part of a coliunn.
Hailiuvi Cardt :J1 n line jer ytar. Lihi-retiona, Krtrayi,
Notiiv. ti (.i-giilature, il.'il u:ch iu advuce. Ohitua
tuii ti.x ctmts i V.uu.
SPKUIAL TO sriiSCKIIIKKS. -Each mtbta-iber irill
f.rrf nn hu own aitf in cuuiu'etion irith liu wl1rs, the
dV to irhxch he tvitjmvl. IWioi a tieir aiment is nuvlt
(tiiuooniiin.
VOLUME 29-NO. 4.
ST. JOHNSBURY, VT., FRIDAY, JULY 21, 1865.
WHOLE NUMBER 1460
The Faneuil Hall Addres.
To the people of the United States
ln pursunnce oi tiie custom ot tne . the admission extends any further. Mil
American people to confer freely with one ; Hary organizations against the republic
cupation. They admit themselves over- him, and to his obedicnce to the laws of subject by referring to several of the free; two results. The mUlions of peoiric o'
tjuvcieu uy supenur mmioere anu maicn- lue rupuuuv;, iuiy uung m me consutu-. atates, ivnoie constitutions rcsinet tree ' coior m the South, no small part of thein
al resources, but we are not aware that tion or laws t)f any State notwithstand-1 blacks in the exerci?e of soine of the usu-' carrying the best white blood in their
mg.
Second.
Xw!!nVr f T """W rtUU,are not practicable ; but they are seeking every person oi coior m the rebel States. The (rencral Government h:is uo present , paying, voting, self-protecl
to,finZmuiunZiM lC ,he exauiple ofour own ancestors to speak to open, and with the least possible delay. to secure to thera and their posterity for- eognizanee of those qucstions in those , or anuntaugliL indoleut,
jj- i ourpai.cri.ir.iuo m tAiwvi t,y machinwy, w ineii iunu wu. um ims pia, e tJic avenuesto their old faekLs ol politieal ever a compiete and vcntable freedom. States. Besides, as -we have said, the ex- fnmchised. helpless and
nucaucept ntthiitotH.-0ad.irfciofthe.uUciib. , r T- 7" "11"'"a coiuest ana ascenaancy. iney wiii en-.navmg promiseu uiem thi3 treedora, re- ercise ot tliis extraordmary authontv must tion the substratum of a
itr jt u ui:.t tbr Fuicrihcr. to order the addie.i of u'1 - v"-un nan iu iu- ( ueavor to save all they can ot the doctnnc ceivetl their aiU on tiie iaith oi this proin-, be upon practical and reasonable grounds, I unrepublican. politieal
tliHlrpap.!rcl.iiiBc.limlw tlu-y give the pot otlice to dreSS yOU upoil the SUlte ot pilbl'lC atfairs. nf Sintfi snnrPm!if.v fnr fntnro iisp Tn t.lifi isfi. and. bv .1 Silissfiil wnr nn.l ,,.nll!,,l nt nn ,n, tUr,. Tl.n ur;ol w.., Tl. 1
wbicli it fnu Uvtiu seut as nt'll aii thf ouu to wiucli mey
J0I1 l'UltfriNV. of all kind.-" d..ne at liTing price?.
P.ipura .iinS C.udi ki.'iit fonstrtiitly o i tuinl.
St. .JoiiNsiiriiv UrsixEss Dikkctoky
Y3l. II.
.MKRoHANT TAIl.OU ;
nlslilii!; (ioods. -
IIOKTON,
and di'aler ln Genfs Fur
- Kuilroad streut.
i.vssrjiisic lodge, So. 27, f. a.
MASO.V10 HALL-BIXUHAM'S HI.O'JK.
Statod metllnic, Au'Uat 3. Called ineetliiK Aur. 10.
(J.iiiOi.M, F- J. UALTOX.Sec'y.
OLIVKR T. BKOAViN,
CLAIM AUKNT.
ATTOIIXKV
AXD COUN'SKLLOR AT
KlSI Jiill.NSBURY, -----
I-AW.
Vebho)i.
J. l LADCJCER, Agcnt,
Mamifacturer of
HAKXKSSKS OK ALL KINDS,
Oiipoalte l'itsuiiiphlc Hotisc. - - - Railroad Street
ROSS At ItUHItANK,
ATTOltX KYS AXD COUXSKM.UKS AT LAW, XU
SOI.IUITOIW AXD MASTKKS IX C1IAXUKKY,
St. JOHNSHL-Ry. Vt.
Wlll attend to k'al uiattors ln Orange, Orleans, Essex
and Caledonia couutlcs and glve especlal attcn' lon to the
(olli'ctlnii ot claluis Irom abroad, lhrnuhout northeru
Veimont and Xeu-Hauipililie. W'lll alsu atteud Justlce
trlaln ln thls towiuind otliur town. in the County.
Jo.NATIM.N K0S3. G.A llURBANK.
Jan 1. 155.
J . 1) . li O U LU,
Agt-nt for (JKEAT WESTKKX & LAKE SHORE R. H.
Asricultural Warehouse U. Ji. Street. tAprCo
1. U. K1LHOITKNE, I). D. S.
A . J
DKNTAI, SURIJEOX,
- Comer Main and Central streets.
W I L L A K I) ,
ATTOKXKY AXD COUXSEI.l.OR AT LAW.
S0LDIK1W UAUK l'AY, UOUXriES AXD PENSIONS
ooiameil. Xu cli.irijes unies ?uccesslul.
JOIIN HACON, d & CO.
DEAI.KR'i IX IIIDE.S, LEATIIhR AXD OIL.
bt. Joliiisliury Centre.Vt.
DK. J. L. PEKKIXS,
D 10 N T 1 S T .
Otllce, Corner ol .Main Street and Eastern Avenue.
EIILV A. VAKNEY, 31. 1).
PHYSICIAX SUttGKON.
OUlce opposilu J. C. Ui.ncham's Drdg Siore.
It. IJ. M.ACKSTONE'S
II A 1 li DRESSIXG SALOOX,
Klr?t door to the rlnht, up stalrs, U.nion Block.
iNEWELL & liKOOKS,
V 11 Y S 1 C I A N S & SUilGEOSS.
OiTICK OVKU IIOWARD'S BOOKSIOKE.
l)r X re.-ldenoe. -Main St, oppo-iteXorth Church.
Di ll's rusidencu Central St.ad house lrom Suinuier St
N U T T ,
blood m their
al riglits of citizens. But these are not veins, must be eithcr an edueated. inilna-
The public faith is pledged to ' practical queslions before the country. "j trious, land-holdiiig, arms-bearin", tax-
ing population :
objectless, dis-
ilebased popula-
proud, restless,
and social aristoc-
uuu ..v, x.fe.,t iu ul iie.nu, permission tor the return ot the rebel leg- niiutary occupationol tiie country, liaving lancluseinent ot people ot color ni those certam of the rebel States, an experimcnt
even by reason ot the sacredness of the islature to Richmond, and in the Sher- obtnined the power to secure the result, States we regard as one of the subtle ef- for speedy restoration. Kecogniziiig the
.spot lrom wbich wo speak ; but the great- j man-Johnston pacification, our govern- Yve are dishonored if we fail to make it fects of the slave power in our politics, ! general policy and duty of restoration as
ness ot the exigeney, the cntical questions ment barely escaped a serious, if not a good to them. j which we hope to see pass away with its soon :is practicable, the experimcnt com-
your representives in congress will soon be fatal politieal defeat, at the hands of a Third. The system of slavery must be ' cause. The number of persons whom it ' mands our earnest wishes for its success.
reqmred to meet, and tlio singular unani- vanquished enemy. The purpose of the ; abolished and prolubited by paraniount '. bears upon is so small, the elt'ect upon liy its success we mean not the return of
mity which appears among the patriotic Soutlr now is to resume the exercise of'and irreversable law. Throughout the them so slight, aud such the sUite of soci-; the States to their position : lhatthev:ire
people in this portijn of our lund, lead us , st.lte functions with the utmost possible rebel States there must be, in the words of ety, and the habiLs and leclings of the onlv too ready todo; but their return
10 nope 101 jour auenuon ana consiucra- gpmi im& with the least possible clmnge Webster, ' lmnressed upon the soil itself ! peoule, that the substantial eharacter of irith Constitutions in which ilw. -mhUr. suftta
those States as 'Tepublican" is not sensi-' and public faitli shall be secure. We cannot ul:UrK stonefi tll:lt P5lve lts
bly arlected. Departurc from principlc, ' coneeal our apprehensions that the experi
however small, must always be rcgretted ; , ment will fail. But let not the Itepublic
but in the vast and critical aifairi of ua- fail ! The niore rccent sitrns are that the
tions, sliglit alernitions from exaet jirinci- spirit which caused the war is preparing
ples are constantly occurring, and are con-' to iight over politically the ground it has
stantly submittetl to and allowed for, in ' lost in battle. This ought not to surprise
fundamental inslitutions, as well ;is in oc- us. Iit no hastc to restore a State, no
casional practicc. The c:ise of the rebel' fcar ofrcbel dissatisfaction, lead the J?e
Statcs is viuitly and absolutcly ditlerent. public to compromise its safety or its
It pren?nt.s a (piestion of a false principle honor !
organized and brought into action, with ! During the progress toward restoration,
vast dimensions, liaving already crcated the nation holds the States in miliuwy oc
one war. and all but destroyed the Itepub- cupation, by powers resulting necessarily
lic, and ever threatcniug ilanger hereafter. ' from successful war. This hold upon
We can hardly think it in good faith that them is to be continued until this or some
the cflbrt is made to deter the nation from "other expcriment does succecd. We need
confronting this vast peril. over which it'not bf precijiitate. Thepreseut authority,
h:is i)reent and ncccs5arv jurisdietion. by althouj'h resulting from war. mav, as we
invokiug these slight cases found rcmain- huve said. be largelj exercised by civil j
mg m loyal State.-:. over which the nation methods :uid civil iunctionanes, and be
has no present eognizanee, and from which .uccompanicil with the enjovment of many
it has nothing to fear. civil rights aud loeal municipal insiitu-
We do not :isk that the nation shall in- tions. cxecutive and judicial. If the
sist on an uncoiiditioned, universal suf- prosent experimcnt fails, yvc ma try the
frage. We admit that States deterniine experimcnt of buildmg by the people from
fiir tliPinolvi5 tlif nrniiMiili' tilimi wlm-li ' tli.i rfimxlnf inn lu- niMn; nf tniiniiiinl in.
they will act, in the restrictions and con- stitutions of tom'is aud countie, with the . b-V hc 1";ll:u lr"4l-
ditions they place upon sullrage. All the aidof cduaition, commerce and immigra
States nuike restrictions of age, sex and tion, a new spirit being infused and the
re.-idence: and often annex otlier con li- people bccoming accommodateil to their
tions operating in substance cqualiv upon new rolations. and so advanec gradually
all, and reasonably attainable by all. te compiete restomtion.
Those matters lie within the rciiion of ad- This is but one suimestion. Variousi
vice from neighbors, and not of national ' methods are open to us. Only let it bej
authority. We speak unlv to the point understood, that thcre is no pohit ut ictieh !
where the national authority come iu. the re-K'ls cm dcfif. prtHthyilb. any nwre tfiau
tlOn. in tliolr lwimo avctnma Tn cm'iilM flvit in.lllilitv tn liotli- nn im- lmt lVir. ninn "
To remove obstructions which we know J they will do and submit to whatever is; Fourth. The svstems of the States
may be artfully thrown in the way, we , necessary, It must constantly be bonie ' must be truly " repnblican."
wisli to say to you in advance, as matter in nmiu that when once a state is admit-; Unless these points are secured the pub
of honor between citizens, that this meet- j ted to its place, the power of the nation ilie faith will be brokcn, and there will be
ing and this ndtlress have not been prompt- j over iX 1,1 of state eognizanee is , no safety for the public peace or the pres
cd by any organization, or by any purpose j gone. if the dogma of state supremacy is : ervation of our institutious.
of party or personal politics. They are , 110t destroyed, for practise as Yvell as in I It must be remcmbercd that, muler the
the spontaneous expression of the convic-1 theory, the war will have been in vain. , constitution. most of these subjects are
lions of men in csirnest, who have ditfered ' it m5 not only been the favorite weapon i matters of State jurisdietion. Ouce with-
draw the powers of war and admit a State
to its full functions, and the authority of
the nation over these suhjccts is gone. It
is a State function to detennine who shall
hold land, who shall testifyin State courts,
who shall be edueated and how. who shall
much in times past. and may be separated , 0f glavery, but has been eagerly caught up
again in poiiucai aciion, uui wuo are bv the enemies of our institutious in Eu
forcedtoa common opinion on the pres- ropej the tenet that the United States is
ent exigeney of affairs. not a nation, a govemment, sovereignty ;
That we may wisely consider our rights j tlmt the citizens owe to it no direct alle
and duties, understand whom and what I .rncc . th!Vt thev cannot commit assiinst
we have to deal with, and the probabili-, it the crinie of treason, if they carry with i labor and how, and under what contr.icts
ties of the future, we must ask you to re- j them into their treason the forms of state ', or obligations and how enforced, and who
,i .111 n . o 7
view with us the ground, however familiar
it may seem to be.
For thirty years and more, Southeru so
ciety 1ms been moving steadily in an op
posite direction from our own, until its
entire system, and it we may call it so the re-mlts
its civiliziition has become hostile to, ,et U3 n0Wj fenow oitizens, look at the
ind, at last. lneonsistont with our own. 'danwrs which attend an immediate resto-
autlioritv. The right of this republic to be a ! shall vote in national as well :is in State
soverciyn amony the sovei'eiynties of tiie earOi,
must be put beyond future dispute, abroad as
well as at hoine. We have paid the fenr-
elections. We have alreadv said that all
these points now stand in the constitution
and Ifiws of the rebel States decided
In their progrcss, the Southeru people had
reached a position where it may be said
to have become their settled doctrine, so
cial and politieal, that the people of color
are not by accident and temporarily, but
by nattire and forever untit for any oth-
lul price, and we must notbe defrauded of against the freednien. Action is necc-sarv
to put them right. So great a change is,
no doubt, fundamental, and goes to the
bottoni of their social and politieal system.
If it is not made now, before civil society
becomes sctiied, noioiv the states are
re-
ration of the rebel states to the exercise of
full state authority. Slavery is the law
of every rebel state. In some of these istored to the exercise of all their powers,
states free persons of color are not per- 1 it will never be made, in all huiuan proba
mitted to reside ; in none of them have i bility, by peaceful mcans.
ithey the nsht to testity m court. or to be' The (inestioii now oceiirs. how are these
er coiuhtion tlian that of absolute slaves. edueated, in few of them to hold land, I results to be secured before the,e States
On several millions of such persons not ! ;uui i A 0f them they are totally disfran-1 are pennitteil to resume their functions i
all negroes, but in whom there is much ; c.hijCd. But, far beyon.l the letter of the We agive that these results ought to be
white blood, with otten but a quarter or ; laWj the spirit of the people and the hab-. secuivd in conformity with what mav be
an eighth of the African their social fab-1 0f generations are such as to insure the I called the American system that upon
uc icsiuu. iien noi ig-;n.-iisie, uieit . perinaiience ot that state ot thmss. m sub-, which and for which our constitution w.u-
svsitni was inironc too i.pinmi
i -
The Effect of Stripping a Country
ofits Trees.
The summer heats are leginmii2 to dry
wp the sjirings and brooks which Avere late
lv so full and noisy, and the attention of
observingjieojile isagain tuniedto thefact
of the diminution, year bv vear, of the
quantity of water in our strcims al eer
tain seasons, ui cousequence of strippinir
the conntr)- ofits trees, and eonvertins the
forestsinto tilled iiclds and pastures. Al
most everywhcre our rivuleLs and rivers
show, by certain indications in their diau-
nels, that they once flowed towanls the
sea with a larger current than now. If
we go on as we now do. wc shall at le:i"lh
see manv ol our ancient w:iter-courses
nearly obliterated :is Addison found them
in Italy, when he wrote :
''Sometimcs, misgaidcd by the tunrful throug,
I look for strearas immortalized insong,
That lost in silence and oblivion lie :
Dumb are their fountains and their chaunels
dry,
Yetrun forever, by the Muses' slcill,
And in the smooth description murmur still.
This denuding n country of its trees has
made the rivers of Spain for the most part
mere chaunels for the winter rains. The
Guadahjuiver, which some poet calls the
" mighty river,'' enters the se;i at 31:ilar.i
Yvithout wxiter enounh to covcr the loose.
Thtfllolv
Land now often misses the li latter 151111."'
or receives it but sparhigly. and thcbrook
Kedron is a long, dry ravine p:issiug oll" to
theeastward lrom Jerus:ilem to desccnd
between perpcndicular valU besiJe the
monastery of Lir S:iba to the vaUey of the
.Tord:in and the Dcad Saa. 3Ir. 31arsh,
in his very instnielive book entilled -OLui
and Xature,M has collected :i vast number
of instances showing how. in the old world
the destruction of the forests has leen fol
lowcd by a general aridity of the couutry
which they fonnerly overshadowed.
"VMiethcr there are any cxamjdes of fre
quent rains restored to a country by plant
ing groves and orcliards, we cannot sav
but we remember when tr;i:liiir at the
West thirty-three yc:irs since, to lmvc met
vvith a gentlenwn lrom Kentueky, who
spoke of aa instance within his knowlelge
iu which n perenni:il ?tre:im had made its
appe.irance where at the early setilement
of the region there was none. Kentueky,
when its lirst folonist? jihinted themselves
within its HmiLs, a reioii in whii-h
extensivc jirairies, burnt over everv ve:ir
More than forty ye:irs since a ton of
our country. referrinir totheelleft of striji
ping thesoil ofits trees, piu thee liues in
to t!ie mouth of one of the riborigmal in
habitants :
t:tifk lticfi. 1 , Tll 111 1 i-i 1
.-itnv. liuu Mance. 11 biaery miouhi ue auonsiied 111
1- 1LK M A'TUF ACTUREll. STEAM MiLLS tutions, where no national authority eould I lonn, their spirit and habits, their pride
"pp't'-nger Depot. rcU(.h h. Frcm this con.litiou of tliings jUKi passions will lead them to uphold their
, tnere iouoweti consequences 01 the utmost olicaivhal system, bmlt upon a debased
ILsk K. JIcDOUGALL,
Dealer is .MILLIXERY a.nd DRY UOODi
Opposlte Caledonian Otlice.
I IJ.A(iE, AUT1ST,
AT ST. JOHXs'lL'RY PORTRAIT GALLKRY.
A nbrutvpe.-!, .Melalnotype.s, ana lite-slze Ptiotograph.-
iletter and choaper tii.iu elsewhere.
(JKO. H. SI1AW,
I X S L' 11 A X C E A U E X T .
Otlice over U. Jewett's Store.
C . C . CIIILU8,
t'l.ALKH IX AVaTCHE.S, J KWF.LltY, SlLVEK AXD
l'l AtKll WaKK, Sl'KCTACLES, B00K3, STATIO.S EET, TXSCY
UOOD3, TOVS.iC.
ik-Mirli'2.indeni;nivludouevltheleKanceandprompt-o.iposlteold
Post Otlice. Main street.
UiccUiuicou.s (fi-arflis.
llADI.EY, Lieeiii.ed Auctioneer,
WEST C0XC0RD, VT. tC7
1). .MOltSE, Licenseil Auctioueer,
1SLAXD POXD, VT. tinjCC
P. . LAIKD,
MAXUKACTl'UEH OK GRAXITE MOXUMEXTS,
and ail kinds of yranlte worl-,
V. DAXV1I.LH, VT.
l.cttcritig ilone oti tsranlte cqnally as well as 011
1X0VD.I niarble.
iiii:a.ii a. cuttixg,
GOVERX MEXT Cl-AIM AXD IXSURANCE AGEXT,
LtsnctiburL', - - - Vermont
) iLLlA.lI
C L A 1 Al
ATTOUXEY
V. CROUT,
A G K N T ,
AXD COCXSELl.OR AT i-AW,
Hahto.n. - - T.
Will attond Comtsln Orleans aud Caledonia Countles.
BAllTLETT At 1JELDEN,
ATrOltNKYS & COUNSELOHS AT LAW,
McINDOES t'ALLS, VT.
CKO. C. V (JEO. W. CAHOON,
COLSSFLLORS Al LAW, SOLICITORS I.V CIIA.VCEItr,
I'rocure l'ensions, Boiiulles and llack Pay due deceased
Soldlers.
LYXDOX, - : - YERMOXT
il.VUNEY, SPEXCEIt & WEST,
Sncces.sora to Geo. A. Snninons, wholesale dea'icrslii
KEROSE.NE, SPKKM. LARD AXD U'HALK OILS,
WAX AIID SPfcltM CANDLES,
201 State, aud il Commerce Street Boston.
L. C. 1IAK.MV, Ut f. SPE.NCEU, W. C. WEST.
.11. S. IJl UR & CO.,
Wholesale and retall dealers ln
I'ROPKIErAKY JHEDICiXES, DRUGS, IIAIR PHEP-
AUATIO.NS, TOILEI ARI1CLES, rEKrCMCRT, iC ,
26 Treinont Street, next door to the iluseuin Eutrance.
M S IIDKU.
liiw'ii r. KEVE3, - BOSTOX.
Xot a Fedi-kal. Captain Foggs.
while in comniand of the Steamer Con
necticut, was shown an order, while in the
nort of Bernuula, reiiulating the anchor
are gromnl for 1'ederal and confederate
vessels. Disregtirding this order he was
cnt for by the governor, whom he politely
informed that it did not apply to him.
What,' says the colonel, ':ire you not
an otlicer of the i'ederal navy ' 'No, sir,'
siid the captnin, 'I belong to neither the
i'ilt'i-al nor confederate navy. I have the
honor to comniand the United States gun
boat Connecticut, aiuiam an otlicer in the
I'nited States Navy. I therefore, sir con
sider that l have a right to anchor in the
harbor where I nlease. I know of no
1
-ueh forcc as the ledural navy.'
Lost ou Stoi.ex. A plan for paying
oti' the National Debt of the United States
by vohmtary subscription : also, a "roll
of honor." consisting of a small but select
li-t of names of gentlemen who subscribed
largely butpaid nothing. This plan was
the invention of that renowned manulac
turer of notions, organizer of parties, (on
'!i,)er. ) and high professor of humbug, the
Ni-w Vork II d. A liberal reward will
be paid for the return of the plan to Mr.
J. (J. 1, at Washington Heights, on
the lludion.
The bhiebum' cron is cxtraordinarily
plentiful this season. The quantity of
tln.- iruit pickcd and consumed ripe, and
dried 1'or winter use, is great. Bluebeny
picking forms an important item in the in
cuiue of many poor families.
social and politieal import;uice to the gov-
ernnient and people of the republic.
Slavery, with its elfects 011 what would
otherwisc have been the laboring chiss of
white?, resulted in a system which is sub
stantially oligarchal. It gave to the mas
ters the advantages of oligtirchy, and train
ed them pcrsonally in its habits, sentiments
and passions. Slavery and oligarchy do
not rest 011 politieal economy, but have
their sources in the pride and passions of
men. They are, therefore. if cimimstan
ces at all favor them, an ever-present dan
ier. The Southeru people came to con
sider themselves as molded, by their train-
ing and position, into a master raco, not
only over their slaves, but in their rela
tions with their fellow citizens of the free
states, whosc politieal equality and free
labor they had coinc to despise. 'lo sup
port their system, in national politics, they
invented and used, as a most eil'ectual
weapon, the dogma of state supremacy,
which they disguised under the name of
state rights. It may, therefore, be fairly
said that three itleas had compiete posses
sion of Southarn society slavery, aristoc
racy and state supremacy. Upon these
they carried on their politieal warfare un
til 1800. On these they founded their
empire in 1801. On these, and for these,
they have waged against the republic for
four years a war of stupendous propor
tions. That we may understand the eharacter
of this antagonistic force, Yvith which we
now have to deal politically, we ask
you to remember what they accomplished.
They made no iiisurrection of professed
citizens for a redress of grievances. They
made 110 revolution or civil war within an
aumitted sovereignty. They set up a dis-
tinct and independent sovereignty within
t . 1 rni
tiie terntory ot tiie republic, lhis ex-
tended over eleven states, and we hardly
saved our capital ; while in the states ol
Maryland, Kentueky and Missouri, the
most the nation obtnined at hrst was a
declaration of sovereiiinncutrality. Look-
inf at the fact, aml not at right or law.
1 1 1 .1 1 !!
we must rememuer inai ine reueiuon
drove out from its usurped borders every
representativc and obliterated every sign
o' federal authority, possessed every foot
of ground, and establishcd and put 111 op
cration a central government, completed in
all its parts, legislative, executive and ju
dicial. It is truc the rebels preserved the
form of a republic, but they might have
made their government a nionarchy.
They did as they chose. It happened that
they preserved their state lines, and made
afew changcs in their state constitutions :
but they might have obliterated both, and
resolved themselves into a consolidated
empire. They did as they saw fit. They
then demanded recognition of us, and of
the rest of the world. raised armies aud a
navy, and forced the issue of war. We
had only to decline the issue of war and
the rebel government would have stood
forth, a completed, recognized empire.
In the course of a war of four years,
for the restoration of the republic, we
must not forget that not one place surren
dered from politieal considerations. There
were individual deserters, but not a regi-
ment laid down its arms from motives of
returning loyalty. They fought to the
last as bitterly at last as ever and
were surrendered by their commanders on
ly when there was 110 other resource. It
was by force that their government was
broken down. It is by force that the ter
ntory they held is now it our military oc-
colored population and intrenched behind
state institutious, over which ttic nation ; preme within us
cannot pass 111 peace. I lieir personal re
lation with the colored people :is inttsters
over slaves bein? ehau'ed in law, thcv
We cannot rcquire the rebel States. if we theyc-nrfd in war, the authority of the. repub-i
made. This is a sysfeni of separate 1 treat them a State-:. to adopt a system, V. The end the nation has in view ist
States, each with separate functions, con- tor the sole reason that we think it right. . the same :is that for which the war was t
,-titutedby the people of each. and self-gov-jOf that. each State. acting a-a State, iaccepte l and prosecuted iftc restoration of
erning within its sphere, with a central j must be the judge. But in the situation the Statc to tlteir leyitiiwtte rehitions with the
l'. . ' .. .11.1 1 . 11 : 1 .t. .1 1. .1 j. ..,.. ...... ,i t .. ni . -a' -1 - li, r 1
oiaie conuiuieu nv ine peopie 01 an, su-, "i miiicii me irnei .uuet mi nn-. uie n;i- . reimuin. -ine coiuiiiion 01 iiiuiii.-i.iu-s xor
'phere,
" Before these firlds were -;born nd tilled,
Full to the brim our rlrcr iloived;
The melody of waters fillcd
The frrsb and boundle -vvood ;
And terrents dashed, and riruletj; ylayed,
And fountains spouted ia the shadel
' Those gratcful sounds are heard ao tnore ;
The sprinss arcsilentic the sun ;
The rivers. by theblackencd shore.
Vlih lcsscninc carrent ran.
The rcalm ourtribes are cmshed to get,
May be a barrcn descrt yeU'"
The eiuses which operate to make the
will look upon them in a new light, as a j
class to be feared, and as the cause of their
defeat and humiliation. They will not
tax themselves to give to the freednien an
education. They will not pennit the cou
tinuance within their states of philanthrop
ic agencies tbr colored people, from the
free states. They will not encourage
Northeru immigration, with systcins of
small freeholds and free labor ; nor will
capital and labor go there from the free
states under present auspices. Returning
to their old arts of politics, which they are
fond of, and in which long practice has
made them expert, they will seek to repu
diate a debt ineurred for the supprcssion
of their revolt ; nor can we shut our eves
to the politieal combinations, to be ruled
by this oligarchy and to do its work. It
is useless to suggest or conjecture methods
and means ; the spirit and motivc will
take such forms as occasions may requirc.
We trust it cannot bcnecessary topauso
here and refute a politieal fallacy, which
the logic of events has already exposed.
It has been contended that 1'orcible rcsist
ence liaving reased, the rebel states are,
by that fact, again in their orbits, and in
all their functions as states, in local and
national atfairs, just as if 110 war had ta-
ken place that the nation, whethcr by
Congres3 or the Executive, has no option
to exercise, 110 powers or rights to cnforce,
110 conditions that it can make. We trust
that the mere statement of this proposi
tion, in the light of the circumstanccs in
which we stand, is a sulfieient refutation.
We are holdiug the rebel country in mili
tary occupation, and the nation is assert
ing a right, before it yields that occupa
tion, to see the public safety secured, and
the public faith preserved. The only
question can be as to the modc of obtain
ing the result. We trust all loyal people
of the land will hnve 110 hesitation in
standing by the President, with clear con
victions, as well as strong purpose, on this
issue. By neccssity, the republic must
hold and exercise some control over these
regions and people until the States are re
stored to their full functions as States, in
national as well as in State affairs. This
authority is to bo exercised by the Presi
dent or by Congress, or both, according to
the nature of each case. Though result
ing, necessarily, from the fact of the war,
these powers are not necessarily to be ex
ercised by military persons or in military
forms. This temporary, provisional au
thority, although supreme for the time,
may be exercised, much of it, by civil of-
iicers, using the methods of civil power,
and admitting the employment of the ju
dicial and executive functions, with the
arts and busmess and social intercourse of
1 reiieni recognizcs the liiiporlancc
proeeeding in accordance witii this sysiem
lie aims at a iv.-toration of the States bv
aud the linal tion can insist upon what is necessarv to J no limitations of time or methods. Bv j ie more tretpient and the spnngs
judge ofits sphere and functions. The public safetv and peace. And wc declare ' whatever course of reasonimi it mav be ' moru reguiany uui 111 a well wooded oouu-
of ht to bo ourbeliel that it the nation atl- reached. upon whatever doctrine ot public J - iru lu"":iuiy mure iu:ui one. Lnder
mits a rebel State to its full functions with law it ni.iv ret. however lon: may le the tne lni;5 ol n lorest a oovennr of iallen
ja -oi:titutiou which does not secure lo lnterval of waitiui'. and whatever mav be j Ieaves :ire -P1"51'1 ver ihe irround. liy
the freednien the right of uifrage iu such the process resorteil to. the friends and w,ch the nirns are aborbl aml -nidtial-maimer
as to lie iinpartial and not based enemies of the republic should alike un-iv'vei1 out 1o the sjirimr-: and rivulel.
in principlc upon color. and as to be rea-1 derstand. that it has the powers and will!'ie trees also take up lanre quantiiics of
sonably attainable bv intelliirence and i use the means to insure a linal restoration 1 tm- nmituro in the ground, and give it
. . . . . . . l.utl n . . ... 4 ... T i
ltious wluclil l" luc U1 111 luri i vapo
the people of the States, without resort to
the exercise of sovereign legislativc juris
dietion over them by the ireneral rovern-
inent. ln this we otl'er to him our syni
pathy, as we ask for him an intelligent
support. But. niasmuch as once restoreil
the State will be beyond our reach, the
utmost care must be taken to avoid a has
ty and unsatisfactory restor.ition. We
aeknowlcdgc that there may be dangcrs in
rotracted and exten-ive military occupa
tion. But we believe that the people are
willing to ineur their share of tlicse jierils.
We believe that the people feel that the
grcatest hazard is in premature restor.ition
fntught with future danger. Any resto
ration would be dangerous which did not
secure. beyond all reasonable peril. the
abolition of slavery. actual freedom, just
rights to the free, and, within each State,
" a repnblican form of government.''
The President and his Cabinet. we have
every reason to believe. have these results
in view. We cannot doubt that Congress
will refusc to reeeive any State upon any
otlier terms. if thcre are any membersol
Congress whosc lidelity 011 these point-1 is
doubt ful, wo iinplore you to exercise over
them all the just authority and inlluence
of constituents.
We advance no cxtreme or rclined the-
oiy asto what may lie included within the
tcrm " a repnblican form of government."
Iu the exercise of the cxtraordinary pre
rogative of the General Government to
deterniine whethcr a State constitution is
"repnblican," thcre must be practical
wisdom and no relined thcories. If the
constitutions with which the rebel States
now coinc are not ; 'repnblican," in such
a reasonable and practical sensc as natioiw
act upon if they are so far unrepublican j
as to cndanger public peace and thc stabil
ity of our institutious, then we may treat
them as not "republican" in the Ameriean
sensc of the tcrm.
What, then, is the eharacter of their
present constitutions, assinning that slave
ry is prohibitcd 1 Here presents itself no
(piestion of mere principle or theory, but
facts of an overruling and decisive ehar
acter. From one-third to onc-half of
their free population are absolutcly and
fSrever not only disfranehised, but depriv
ed of all the usual rights of citizens in a
republic. Not only so, but this disfran
chisement is pcrpeiual, hereditary aud in
surmountable. It is more dceply scated
than the Oriental caste. It clings to each
man and his posterity forever, if there be
a traceable t bread of African descent. No
achievements in war or peace, 110 acquisi
tions of property, 110 education, 110 men-
tal power or culture, no merits, can over
eharacter. and which does not place in uf the States. with constitution:
their hands a substantial power to defeud
their rights as citizens at the ballot-lwx,
with the right to be edueated, to acquire
homesteads and to testify in courts. the
nation will be recreant to its duty to itself
and to them. aud will ineur and deserve
to ineur danger and reproach proportioned
to the inagnitiide of its rcsponsibility.
It should not be forirotten that, slaverv
bein aboli.-hed. and therewith the threi'-
are repnblican. and with provisions that Jiftenvanls condenses into clonds and falls
ipor. which
.-hall secure the public safety and public
faith.
Uoton. Juneil, 1S55.
The report is signed b the ollicers of
the ineeling at Faneuil Ilall aud by the
following gentlemen who were appointeil
acommittcc to prepare theaddress: liich
ard II. IXma, Jr., Theophilus lrsons,
Charles ( r. Loring. John G. Whittier. Ja-
cob 31. Manniiiji, Samuel G. llowe, Geo.
iifths rule of the Conslitution, nearly two
millions will be added to the Kepresenta-. L. Stearns. William Endicott, Jr.
tive population ol the slave States in the,
apportionment for niembers of Comrress I'kovkkiis uy JoBiluxg& -Young
aml ot votes 111 Presidential elcctions, :tml mcii. ie more anxyous ahout the patdy
irree vure oing to leeve. than rtiareabout
the 1 sumboily left you.
There iz onl' 1 advantage that I in
that this increasc of politieal power to the
rebel States must be at the expcnse of the
iree rMaies. 11 tne lreeonieu ivmiun. as-
thev now aiv. disfranchisiHl, this increased i .o'u'g the Devil, and that
1'his ( the way.
AMien
iz.
power will be wiclded by a class of voters j the rode iz easy. and you are sure lo fmd
sinaller 111 )roportion tlian liclorc. lnisj
turmshes an additional temptation to that
a matfs doj deserts him 011
class to retain it in their hauds : and we akount of his poverti, he kant git enny
shall be compellcd to meet. as heretofore. down 111 this world not bi laud.
the old snint. not iiniroveil bv its recent
m showers- All the snows. likewLsi th-it
fail iu forests are more slowly melted and
sink more gradually and ceriainly into the
earth than when they fail 011 thc open
lields. On the other hand. the ltilns that
fail in an unwooded region rim ofiVapidlv
by the water eourses. :ul(i jjKlt portion oV
them which should be reserved for a dry
' i:lnil is Inst
In some parts of the country. with n
view of snpplyiiu: the ddicieney cc;tsion
ed by the gradual diininution of water in
the streams. they are beginning 10 rosort
o the old meihod of collecling ihe iaiiii
into reservoirs. In a part or Massachu
sells eontiguous lo this state, the county of
Berkshire, the owners of the paper mills
on what is oillwl Wimls r BruicJi ufthe
llousatonic have :dready begnu ihe con
slrueiion of a ki-in 011 that siream, at a
spot in Windsor, ju-1 aluvc a series of
caseades sometimcs csdled windsor Falls.
and somelimes the Wactumah FalR
3Ien ain't apt tew git kickt out ov irood ! Here the inuuth of a small vallev lhronh
society for being rich. which thestresun descen Is is to be olosed
Two common " Yankee Noshuns'" :ire by a wall of masshe imisonrvrejiintiinm
thc noshuns that skcul houses arc cheeper a stnitum of the original roc-k. No m ii:nd
cxperieace, aml largely inere:ised in its po
litieal power.
As we sneak from a free State. it mav 1
be siiir"t!Stesl that we are not so irood judires 1 than Staits Prizons. aml tliat the United of earth would answer
of wiiat should be done for the colored States iz liable at enny time to be doubled. ; "wall of stone reslin uj
people of the South as those who have been
broii.rbt nn :imon' them. It desntit lbllow There is 1 kind of kissin that has al
- - L 1
that those who have been broujiht up under hin deemcd cxtry hazardus (on akount
ot hre). and tnat iz kissm yure naliers
wife. Gitting the wife's consent don't
seem to uitikc the matter enny the less
risky.
the purjM.-e, nor
on eanh. inre if
but aint liable at enny time to be divided. tbat were by :uiy pos-ibility to give way
- ,1 . 1 1 it. . a -1. . - - - "
ueiore ine wiier prcssiiig :ijrain-l it m a
tiuie of copious niin. :i 11 od would be let
1ktC which wtmld c:irry deslrucJion Jo the
village below. By this reservoir a huu
dred acres or inore ivill be covered to a
great deptk, and :isit is ihecentro of an
extensivc water shed, it will be tilled iu
life. This we understand to be, in sub-1 come it. To make the case worse, these
tance, the position which the government
now occupies, and we believe the people
recognize it to be of necessity and of
right.
Let us now, fellow citizens, turn our
attention to our rights and duties. liav
ing succeeded in this war, and holding the
rebel States in our military occupation, it j The result has been, and must ever be.
people arc not only disfranehised, but the
temper, spirit and the habits of the ruling
class, the only class partaking of civil au
thority, will keep them not only disfran
ehised, but uneducatcd, without land with
out the right to testify, and without the
means of protccting their fornial freedom
abusearc tiie bcst judges whethcr it shall an
be' continued, or of whatshali be substitu
ted in its place. The people of the North
have secn the eolored raees acting as free
men under free institutious, which the
people of the South have not. They who
li'ivo kmiu'ii 1 1 if in:m nf pnlnt nnlv ;is m
slave before his master, or sometinies :is a "Pl the S.-cretary of War to dis- n other parts of the country'by those wlu.
dislrauehi
tcin
Discii.vmj 1: tiie Maiuueii Souieus. rainv wealher in a very hort lime.
Munr ofour eontemporaries contain strong This example will prokibly be followed
uichised free man under a slave sys-' ch:ire from the 5ernce evciy ui:uned jdesire to secure asupjdyof water for their
embniciiiir his race. are not the onlv ! ,n:U1' wI, 15 now """g pnvate in , mills in such asx5ison :is we had la?t sum-
nor neccssarilv the best (nialilicd cl:us to thc ranks or 115 "on-commisaonea oliicer mer. when thc wuit uf witer was very
givc an opinion as to what iie may do or il1 ou5 """ ,Thc ""'"V of the,n' ll!.e yerely felL
what should bedone for him as a free i' ls luu lu c.u uiuimi
man, under free systems.
1 Iistory taiches
us that national emancipations do not em
anatc from the masters. And wherever
emaneipation has seemctl to disappoint ex
pcctations, the diHiculties are traceable. in
largc measures, to persistent antl multi
form counteractions by the late master-class.
ppeals may le made to ta-te or pride.
is our right and our duty to secure ivhatever
the public safety and public faith require.
First. The principle must be put be
yond all question, that the republic has a
direct claim upon the allegiance of every
citizen, from whom no State can absolve
that the system is cssentially and practi
cally oligarchal, in such a seuse as actual
ly and soriously to endanger the public
peace and the success of our republican
iustitutions.
Forlress Monroe cliarged with tealinT
j2U00 from a book-keeper. lie denied
his guilt. 11c w;is tied up by the thumbs.
When in liis torture he admitted he h:u
011 the subject of the social equality of , toleil tlc n,oue-. and said if his thumbs
the people of color. We must not permit werc Wll&l he would show where he had
our opimons to be warpcd by such con-, ll5li it. Ic AV;IS R,curciy handcutl'ed. and
1 .r rri .1 1 ...
siueraiions. xne preseiu quusiion 12
strictly one of politieal justice and safety,
and not of social equality. When the
free man of color, edueated in the com
mon schools, deposits a vote which he can
write himself, givcs a deposition which he
can read and sign, and pays a tax on the
homestead he has bought, the law forces
110 comparisons between his intellectual,
moral, physical or social condition, and
that of the white citizen, of whatever race
or nation, who lives, votes or tcstitics by
his side.
But the nation has a deep interest in
the freednien, by themselves considered.
loss toour military service3 while in nearly j Cows. A f;irmer from a neiirhboriniT
evcrj- easc their families are sutTering, and j town a Fcedinc cows 011 circlied
in very many cases the sutlering is heart-1 r" - , r,
- 0 lears ot corn wiliremovc ih aJkriurth.
rending. j ....
... , j I have tried it many limes without a f:u:-
A Negro w:is arrested last week near I ure. It is worlh inore for oiie cuw than
the subscription price of 'our jiajer for
one vear.'"
Attempts are made to embarrasa tha TheBepublic must choo.a to day betwaen
started with an olficer to find the monej-.
While crossing 31ill Crcek Bridge the ne-
gro, hundculte.i as he was. bounded over
thc parapet into the water below. With
his hands shacklcd he sank at once, and
rose no more- The abovc got into the
thc lioston Post this wcek, hy mistakc.
A simple mode of keeping butter in
warm weather where ice is not handy ;
invert n common flower-pot over the but
ter, with some water in thc dish in which
thc butter i3 laid. Theorificc at the bot
tom may be corked or not. The porous
ness of the earthernware will keep the but
ter tool.
The Atlantic Telegraph Coiiiiany ro
jose to charge Jivo dollars a wonl. With
San Fntncisco threc thousmd miles
awiy we eoinmniiicate regnlarly at thc
rate of forly-tive cents a wonl for all
words over tcn. That is ahout one-elev-enth
of the proposed occan rate.
At thc celebration of the -1th vl Itut
laud, the iollowing w:is one of tiie rogu
lar toasts :
t:Jejcr.o:i Daris. Ui? hist elforl in lhc
cause of rebellion was a drcss ji;inidi in
whicli he clearly exhibited a lack f the
inan-uixl."'
Exi'EXSEa OK TIIE l'KUSlliENT'a Fu-
XE1LVL. The whole cxpene at Washing
ton of President Lineolifs fimeral was a
little over $25,000. That of President
Harrisa obequi waj $30,000.