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L. . t v JY C. G. EASTMAN. Frccdoni of 1 11 ( u i r y iind Ihc Powcv of llic Pcoplc, $2,00 ANNUAI. WOODSTOCK, VERMONT, FRIDAY MORNTNG, MAY 8, 1840. NUiJ.BER I. A SAC'ItUI) 3IKI.OIJV. EV W. I.MIQRIT. m origiu wnrs viiiin jii'iu uic iiiiiiu, II! rnrli II l.li.stl.I imi llllH' tt.llrlr Tl! killlll'il .-J'irill I'Ulllitr, II lll.llll Ulillll llll llllll IIBI.I.III.I lllll, Alul k:ic lliis lili;lilnl iii li iil'ur knul willi Minlj lu iliue tlii' l.y, Ali.l ...iii nvifiv I'.-iim Klnr lu .Ini-. nli! limv iliirk, limv ilrrnr, limv lone WniiM mthi tlii! l.rljililiM wi.rM .l'l.li, u ii ir ii! l irn ic n inrn mu m i iuie. W uilvil tu llml llii' lnMil ol'lliln! cre iki morr tlic llcs tlH.ulil twiur, Wliiili ilratiV colil hanl nlni'i' nin -cvir, tlicii llnie nnrs lu iimrurry flitnr, .Yli.re Imli I'ul ns thc) (hliic I'urmr. uuiut lu1! ciit'h lior-e uiul lcur 'I'luil ligliH Uir i-)c or i loi.ili llic brow, lahns llii'io is ii lnip lir n luro Tlion lliis hlciik vwnlil tliut lii.Maiis nuxvl rc Is u vniir lilih turrnw Iuars, WliHi licinkkt wilslis lili-'s giilliug ilmliii l.cuun tliut lil. tr "Hr) lliy unri. Thc iiru lu liinrt hail 11111-1 ayiiln 1" Frum llie l.mlUh' L'niiiuitilon. ikcikjss nt-aoni-; uic; cuuwx. nu ilit'llii' iUiiiliil'tlie rlulitt'i'ii, iinJ, Kt uiy lteiiil c II .". V IIT.S U IU. Ii. Itt niu ii ii' llui (JIiiIIIiiii lantli Ortrluuiili iiml e.f (irai'i, l.. l.lt.i t.)...n t'.ili.ti r i.ri.ti . tm l,i-i utli I!re It I'or cu-r ccnii- ko lilin, iiiny I .s.i r lln- rmxi-r, T ... 1..I..I !.... I Wlilnnit ii mii.;', uitliout 11 fcnr, Wllliiiul ii wMi Iii lii.pcr l.irc II. ..I II. .11 lu i. . 11IM Kngrr tn Miir Ii uni i r.rlli nw ny, auul Irmii IhuiiIiuui ure Tu thc lirklil ri'ntais nf i lulli i-i ilny, l.l I....... lMi..lV "' i""1- 'v MhIiIiiI.h I liuir untlll fiiiiiII miIit, i s il.-l Iii ui) ll.)ll ApnrmliiK will iii) iitl.ri il ilmliT, 1 1 c- Clirlltiiu'i i l.il Iii hluirei Alid I'lin Iii mn II Mn.ll) Millli t iinut vi niilil i i ir I ic i lir nllnn ri i i'ul i. Aml t'lilu lil l'li'-l ri'wnnl iniiiiiifi' llil wnrM til'olii in il lrili', n. I liu llii- rlirii.ll.in'i ln.ly lili', OliiilU'iil lu lili l.i.n!; rk liiil 1 1 l.i miiIIc linr l.ul llii lii'Mii, (,'uiliil wnrlilly i;.'i!ii hilt ilrnii) 'U im tt lf lliiui III i iir tli- crnw ii, Tliut lliim nliuiiliNl Kiur lliu rrni"i'" A I) !) IMISS IIKKOIIK IUi: DI.I.KIi ATIIS TO TIIK Miir'ii itic i!nv'in"rniv fiPTiiM .ikitvn it.i mvi'i.i'Pi'l''p ItV UlXMHii: IIA.NCUOIT. m.ow (iti.i:ns: TIih inii;itiiMi to ine t yoii UU cc- ,..t..,l .. ill. ,Jf...-.Mr nr in Istllllll . . ' ' I t. .. ..V V r.,.,i I 111 II IT "II II l"ri". I HU M llllll IM H I.M.IMMll a ci)iiili:()i inoiiL'c. lilitl a cnmiMiii imn.TiiiiiMc. i.i'.iimu itl lliu vi'ililir!ii4. ulion uv rn- i 1 1 It; llitldiii itl HHIiif i"i imi niii'f 'i i' - l lliuluunny iifan Ainlnn, tir pmtrrted llii'iu- tKftinioi inriti 114 irniii l iiiKiiiii. iir uiiiii'ii iiil- ..I .in n.ii jiii nu ithii!.'ii iii l nr riil . ... I I !....! I U" .1.,. ....!.. iiiiu uir I'lini in im .iti"iit iin.-i in itiiii irtut'r nf ynur miiThtnr I in)i'r $nv wvmy ; L'CllVlll llil IIV I II iillin nt Jt niu J Kiica i irmii ltM'ii itiiii wi' -roii-nn'rcu niu- iii t wlu-ii 1 ili'chirn ii i v Ih'I I. tlt.it, tnr purity I. i.- lHi...,l.kl. nt.t It ii!lf tu ttln.lriitrxl . li.nljl itij.lt I'of lll.l IIMjI.I ll!llltl.llll li(Uan:PH t n '"i li'lllilt-IK iiiui i uiii'iiurin ihMn iim ii u'j wi ILTit. illill fll ll.llMlllH't-l, 11IU l.OIHK.'CIK'lll 01 OIll i i .. .. ! , 11.111 lllil ll imihiiui ... l' il.. ...I .... ...I I II II MllllLt! IIIIU 111)11 .lliiM Illini-Lin PIIIPttMI nu joii. .Ali'ti mi:, aliiiot w'nli aiiia.eiiiPiit, U I ... X 1 ..1 1 U.....FI.l. '11.,. UllOIH iM'MUCaUH'H Hl IM UV lllir Jllll iMllf ! UIMII . i " i i.. .; i fi jjililtill4 llllll IHTI'. IITI! JMI ' ' V 11 tliii jtopular i-liarnclLT.iM tn prnvo, lliat nfoM iipiri'il ilinr n iiisiauiMi. iut jiriiu m .na-- ......ij t...t iVntit im nMriindt rprciilli'flinti. hi'i'ti UM'lin n.ii iioni "j . ll'Iillli;. llllk III llll 111 m'" .(.- ' "ii :.. nt ii itMiii iiii'ip fiinrmt.i witii .1 l.t- iim itv . iliMt ilii-v liriil wmi llii; ict(irv. . K . . .i " .: ..i lf IIIIIU ll-ii III iin ..IH-..V--- ..IT il trhiihiih : antl uli'ilti lliu pciiploitliiiiilM'rnl iii piti iiii 1 1 r i4i ii r r.i i ii 11111 urnri- 1111 ii-''"rii ii':i I. tt.r'in.'itM flllil llllMI IWMPMi.l 1 1ll Iltl. II.. Ii ij iti MMlnrn nt;ill nv !1 fii 1UIM. i . . . .1 i. .. 1...1.1 I t4ii;i. i nruuicraii" 1.1 uiriirr. ii.imhi: urm ... tu BJ -Im tl... r,. I i.l ilt.i li.irul itiin' rmui-1 tu iri.t!:-' -iH-finl lauvt i i. . t .7. :.l....J. 1. ..I ..iii. i1....F....t 1IU liriirill l nniit imiHi-'i i rurnicu to jihIico nml l MiauiLviwii'rU'il lo in- Innl HliipklmtilcrM aiiit ilirtMttor." iu cnrnoraliuiiA lu iraiit of new IniiicliHPi tn tm'iiiHrive ; hail ififi'il liin nrnJuctivti lalmr ot i'v l.iislaml. !V iii iii'f ii ruiu M''iv Hi-iM'ii iiu.iiici.u rMt'in. irimlo atl A""'rioan rapital Mtijitrrvient tn fur- 1 il.. ititiirnl4 nl im r (livii iiifimt. ItlllllHlt ini- iu ...I It .l.i-... r niri.I.M.i.ra . irl'H PMIIIIMMIIIill" IV lliv-u ...... i.Mi.Ld niiii iu i:i4i niinn ini'ii in rnarirr ' .i i i. ..c :n: i.:,.i. i... !... cy ollimli v;n iifirau'ii uiniii!ii uic uiinivu . . i .i i .i ... t of tln! ileiiHH'Kilu; iiiumnty ; liail, hy an nrt .!...! :.l....ll ...tir.li.i. .1.1 lliu uiutw.lui.il. imrnt4 iv tlic ; liail ntri'tcheil niit llit! ' j . - . ... . . i HlllWI'll 1 1.1 111 1 tll II.IIHHlll II III llll 111 III lllillllill 1 I 1 I.....I ..I ,,.t.l.n.ll l..tliltl tn tlt.ltiml.l I lirU Ol llH! .! Ml limiii ii nu rr-i'u niu r.nci: 111 . .1 f . I I! I I - . ...1 .1... I ncrancu on an arm ol llih ; liail iiarrnwtii tlic ; :i.t.. .... it i iTL'MarVi nilil ll niav im; unriiimiiiiiiuimi, lur- i ititM ; n'li'l trul fur tlin liLinTit of cirnorati(mrj Ipafil ati Itlie fariiwanii roal itati! ol' lluiOom nvrallli tn au aiiinunt vvi tn tlii? ulinlc I inriim-il I) MaatliHtt'i for tho war of In- nililciU'f. Iie aii-tnrratic inlliictirn liail rc-ali'il itolftn ppoplc iu it tnvn hatural ilt fiinnUy. 'I Iie nunir ' . : t.f .tf.uir !!l.ii'C4. iitiiMi'l witiintit a fin- 1 cccpli:Ii. rai4(it tli iltMt.n 'ralic staiiihnl, aml 1 n . .1 . 1 I I! i..nt ....! tU'iu Imiii tvitli i tiTtil i.l!iit nt tfif lii'lm. Tn iliiulil lliu mui! woulil ! . . . .... ..r.i.... .i: t i Ull 1 113 ir iiiiiiiniM Iii! ppnplf, fur wliitli imr niuiiK-nli aru entillcil (ide in llie iioni!e, iunl, vwr true to U gooil ic, iii rcvcrent lutpti lirt.il.. i:c. uptvar.l'. llllliiuimii. ii. nt'" ..... .l u!i:it i. lliat iiriucinic. unicii ii:h niu. iicuii , car afler jcnr, tonilvimri-iii tlio nlluctioiH of v i'n.ilnnil. a'ml. in fl'ili! nfllio iiiiiiicii'.e notiti- actlvitv cif aoci.itri! wcallli, tn jyi'n victory ii-.'li. ..... 'IV. .....Ii I .lintl BfM.ntf tn .im nf IC IIIIJ Cl.lli . .-iii'. ' .' PIIIMMPI.K ny DF.MOCItACY, "1. Idlllls p it.. Tr.NDKNCir.s ; aml iii ili.ruwing a . I . I.. . I ... it.nri riiiplll'in iii laml I li:i!l ilccm iny wonl. ra.-hly pnkcn. tinliss they aru cnnlirini'il liy Mitir fiiiiciirrcnce, I. I.;iy iiur IkiiiiI nn jour lieart. !t llirnlis. llorp, staiiiliiigiiiiingili'iiinrnits, 1 inaysay ittlircilis wiirnily. 'J hu JiiniiLT lchiml llio plnufi fi'fls it lioat iu liariiinny willi lliu cri'atinii llinii:yi wliicli hu inovus, Go out iiilo lliu crowiluil Mrri'ts, yoii will ovury wlirru llml, tliat tliuru U im sliri cllctl nii.-rr, nr sellish rpiouri!, im iiiiiliitiiiiis poliliciau, 110 "int iiriiation of I'at iliviili nil-'," liut hu lias n lirail. Si'i-k wlni joii ill, tlm lit'iicriili'iit or lliu sullUli, lliu liigluiiinili'il or tho niran, lli ir.ost who ur thu liin-it nairiiw, cai h onu lias a luiirt, llinuli foiiiu-linii'.-i, on iliectiiin, it iniglit rnpiiru a iiiicrvsi'npu tu liml ilsplacc. JustMi Ihupowi'r tnilNrcrn tjnoil fiomcvil, riglit Imiii wruiiL', is iimilantcil witlini uvi'ry unu. it is lliu jsill ortJoil Iii rvrry inan. Giiil lias ili-fiaiichis cil nn uni! ;Uu lias cut iill'iifi nnu lloin thu inlii'ii'. anri) of ri'iinn. AVIicrevur thcru U innral r.it imici', wlicrcvrr thoru U a hiiinaiihciii, thcru also i-i I'oiiiiil lliu gift iifniinil. 'J lii'rowilliiii thuih'ptliA of rou'.rii'iiri', Viituc has crpclcil hi'rtriliiinal; thcru nn arhiter is u.stahlUhcd tn dccrcu what, in thofacc nf hmnaiiitv aml of thu lnliuitu Miiul, shall hc ac- l;nnvli'(l('(l as ju-ticf. Di'iiiorrarv is. thcrilorp. tho l'nwcr nf Jnsticc ns c)icri!hi.'cliii tltc hcarts nf thu peojilc, ns iuter- prcicil ti ii (1 rniorrcii ny inu piiniic iiiiiin. I knnw it will hu'said, tliat thu iiowcr of tlii pcoplc will not, of iii,CM.ily, hu thu govcriitnciit of jiiriiicr. To whoni. tlion, htit to Ihc wholc popplo, shall wo look for lliu true interiirclatinn nf julicu? lf nottolhn whiilopinph1, wu inii.-t look tn a fractioii nf thu iii'niilu. Xow, iheru i.s a nriir.ary ohjection to inakiii!; tlih nppral tn any fiartimi wliiiturrr' I or hy tliiMPry lacl tliat n is a irai'iinn, u nas a M'paratn iuterist. 'Jhu frnctiim a.-ks itcir,,lIlmv will this look im thu cAdiaiigu, iusil anuiiig thu iiicnilii'rs of lliu clan! 'J hu pcojilo can nnly n.-k it sL'lf, "llcw will this look in thu hKtory of thu raru aml 1'iforu llui Criiitor of n:an!" lf' I nppcal to tlm wholu pcoplc, 1 hallj.'otimtiiMvur in harinoiiy willi j;riicialtriilh ; if I npicalto a part of thcpco i!c, thu niiiwcr will bc paitial, tnpililiril hy iocu li.iritics nml a pccial hias, To taku thu ilciiion uway fioni lliu wholu coinmiMiily, in p!ics :m mi willi'nijiii'ss to h.ivu i n niiMvcr rcsting an tmivmal liulli. llui lct ns I'nalj.c this n.attcr iroro iniiiutcly. !f Ihc c.vprosiim 'of tlm piihlii! miml is not to hc ncKiiow'lcilgcil ns thu iutctprctcr nf juslirc niiil wu aru tn lnok to a fiaclion, that fnti'tion inut liu lliu pnrwl, or ihc .-ltnngt.--t, or thu ucallhicst, or thu w i-c.-t. If wu Imik tn llic purct fur oraclcs of jn-tiru wu at niico v ns a polilical powira pric.-lhooil nr a chiiri li. W'o -t nn nri-tocracy of priots, of an niistocracy of (liiirih iiiciiilnrs. l!ow iuiwi-u thc lirt is, ha's hccn p'oi'licil ilcrply into Ihc history ofinanl'iiiil. I'or thc polilical cxallation of n pric.-t-hooil hriii's willi il a coni'cioiMif a n.ononoly of moral triilh. It himls thc miml iu fctlurs ; it piu rlniinshi!i.avcry oflhu sonl ; tluis .li'.-trtiyliii? licc iloui nt ils murcc, aml wilh frccihiiu ilrMrnyiiig llm pnssihiliiy nf piihlii1 virtcc nml jii.-ticc. iuw Kn jlniul ha's hail nu cmiii p!c of an nri-lnerncy nf chiiich nicuihcrs, iu llm carly lii-tnry ol'.Masai hu .ctts: nml lliu rcconl ofils 1','ilal lcmlcncy is wrillcn III lll'IS llf lllgnlr v, llllll Irlll'l .i nl" lilnml. Ill'.iili". . lct nu inan, howcMT piuc, nml thu truly pinns nian is :ila huiiihlc, hc mi ai'ronlil as to claiin iu picly it siipciinhh In llic pcnplu ; lnr llic pco plu iiic'lmlcs wilhiu i!c!f all thu pmily iti.il picly nf nll ils incii.licrs. Thu arislocracv oflhcslruucsthas iilsohccn tricd. It is thu I'umliif sjhlcni nml thu sy-lcin of ciifh iim ilcin iniliiary ilo'poii.m, gixiiii; iloniinmii to hrnlu fnrcc. Itis'lhu sjtcni whk'h ilc.-piics frcciloin, aml nnnihilatcs iiuinl. 'I his forin of ailocrucy, far froin nspiriii); tn inlurpnt juticc, iiiins only at nsscrlinu ils own will. Tho frai'lion nf llm w callhy uu.vt urgcs ils claiin. This clniin is iiu.ro lri'iin nily niaiul.iiiicil. It is thu iart of uUloiu tu fuiiinl pivi:riuiiciit i prnp- ITlV. rl.'INH Vl'lltlT, "ilill" llttiTIllU'l' ll 1 I! CR'Cll of oiirAliicrii'aiiiniiilcrnwliigs. 'Jho pnet Aihlisim, oiipu sccrctar i.f tnlc, was a gnoil l!in;lih wliig iu his il.iy. Ilo iiiaiiitaincil thu saiun opuiinji' Aml .Inhu l.np'lic, Ihcarcat ihi'osoilu.T of thu wliig. dc- plari1'. thc vcry ili'.ign nml nhjcct of govuriiiuciit tn liu lliu prntiTtmu ol prcpcriy. Now, In cMiy ridi inau thcru aru twn things : rir.t,lic i n iiiiii ! as micIi, ilcinocnicy ics.icrts Iii uni givurt hiiu pipial rihis, 4Nc.t is his wcaltli J hut wcnllh iililiud. It cniinntrpnson, nml it raniiot fccl. Thc iunncv-hag lias ncilhcr hcart nnr iiiiml, Tlm ou of richcs is a hnu pas.inii. If !:ovcnnciit is snrrcmlcrcil toit, lilcu llm iiic8 tionwill lu', " N'lntwillhu lluuight ofithy tlm Imars nml hulls iu lliu ftiick-uiarkct i" Thcrfori' Dcnmt'racy rcjccts llm pivcrnicnt of wcallli. Shu insi.ts nn I'niltii'i! thu iiiic-tion, not to notc Imcrs aml inoiicv-iiii'.kcr", not to thosowho aru riHi, aml iiri'stri!jr''l'mgtiigrnw' riclior, hut tn cuiiii'ii'iico aml Thu frai ticii of llm lcarncil rnnic.s ncM ihc wisp iiicii nflcr ihc fli.-li. I!ut thu pcop!i- colloc tivcly is wiscr tliau ihcy, for it incliiilcs wilhiu it sclf ilicirwi-iloui alif ' Aml furllicr : Ilxci'llcnt as iiicii of lcartiiiig arc in ihcir placu, I ..hniilil Im lualh tn rpscr'ii tln' gnvi'riiliii'iit of tlm cnuntry into thu h.iliils of rolli'gi) prol'c.ssors nr llic lcarnril of lliu laml. I'ur tcariiiiij! Ii.ui n priilo nml nu urroganci! of itsowii. Hctiilcs, ihopi'ihiut'sihair iuay holil uvc ry p.issimi, iiipan ns wcll ns nohlc, thathunian na tiiru kmwvs. It isa rpinarkahlc f.ict, that thu grcat progrc.s in scicnru nuil gnvcrniiiciit has not liucn mailo nt miivi'r.sitics. Our falhcrs wcrc niitpats froiiithuuiiivcrsilics; nml O.xfonlin I jiglaml taiighl thu ilnctriim of passivn olicilicncc to kings, long aflcrlloukcr nml llnjncs hail fonmlcil govurniiiciit in Connecticut on i'inliiitiil olicilicni'u tn (ioil. W'licn thuuiigcl of mlnni'iii!! rrfntm l.iiocltsat tlm nti! of our collegp., Im is too nlk'ii mct wilhn re liiill", .'iinl roinpcllcil.as'mtlic ilajs of thc patriarch, lo gn out nml hrcak hruail willi 'thu hcrilsinan hc ncatll a trcc. Aml lliniigh a lc'artj syinpatliy wilh popular lihpily i llm solu romlilio'n on wjiich nu Aiucriran niliiilar can licpu for cndimng faiuu, nr a rnllcgc ran allain highcst snccuss, it still pnncs hanl for thu vcry lcarncil In ai'kiiowlcilgo that lcarn-ing-is hut a ci.l'crn, nml that in uvprv miiiil thurc isnliing foiinlaiu of triilh. Thcilhri! it is that l.onl llacon llohls it iiere?.ary fur thu imjiiiicr tu hcrniiii! a. a lilth: i-hi'il, or Im mount hopu to cn tcr inlo thc kiugilniii of iiilolliircnci' ; nu.l wu li.uu gnoil autliority fur hulicving that llcavcli, in its hlgli purjinscs'of ri'fiirin, sclucts for ils nciits nol innny wio nflcr lliu Ilo'li. (.'oil halh rlnwcii thc liioli'sh thinss of tlii1 wnrlil tn roiifuuml thu wisu, nuil (Inil hathcliuscii thuwcak Ihius of thu wnrlil It (llll.lllllll llWt fl.lt.rrJ ltlii-.ll 'I hus Jinti:i! rcfusus In plcuil hcforu a fractioii of thu p.-npV. Hlii! cstahli'hcs Imr nicn triluuial, nml scck ii ihvrcu iu harniniiy w ilh conasisnrR nuil llm vnicu nf (,'nil, hy nppointing thu whulu pcnplu n thu tuiipiri! aml uicrcin athitcr. Ilcr court is an opcn ruurt. Thilhcr inay rcp.iir thc opprc'jor nml thc npircscil ; thc punr nml thc rich ; tlm wiso nflrr tlic Ihh, nml liu: clioscn of (Ioil, uIknu wisiloiii is ns that of chiMrcn ; tlm struiu; nml lliu ucak ; thc Ip.irncil nml llii; iiulcirncil ; thu hcncv ok'tit aml llic churl. All nru ailinilli'il,. nll nru hcaril ; hiittlw ilcri.inn is tho vnire of i-onscicncu as oxpnwit hy thu coiiiinon iiiiml ; thc ni'cif (ioil "as it lircallics lliroiign llic pcnplu:" tlic powrr i. In thc pcnplu. In this jiiilgnicnt of tlic ppnple, thc scvpral frac tinn. inilccil npprnr nml nrc hcnnl. Ilnt thc inllucnrc of tlinc fnicliniis is incrgcil in llm gpncral influ- cnuc. 'J hu uxcrsscs of onu class canccl llm u. cc.ssns nf tlm olhcr. Jn.-t so gcogrniihicallj-. Thc voicc of iuiimsnl rcapon, in .Mu.-sacliusutts, is (nnnctiiiics nHcctiil hy tlm plainor of associatcil w pallh ; nt tlm South, hy a iuIlihul'.s.s of an opposiiu tcmlciicy. Thu urrois halaucc cach othcr. As in n'gehra, tho iiiinus aml tlm plus, if I'lpial, nciitralizu uai h olhcr. '1 hus it is tliat lliu oicii of llm peoplo is llm orn uf puro rcnson ; oppositc, iinjui-t paions h.ilaiicirg cach othur, jiticu ciuergcs. fiivc power to a finction nf thu peoplo, aml joii liau a parlial c.poilion of jiii-ticc. divu powi'r to inu wiioiu pcop;u, aml ou gniu llm iu-nrot c. prcMim of tlm lawof (ioil thu oicc of coir.icui c, thc oraclo of univcrsal rcaMiii. 'J hus, thcn wu M'c, that tho moral law is grau'ii nn tlm huart of cwrv inan : Ihal. whilu laili iudi- viilual has pcrnual fiiacs aml pasious, tlm uui- vcri-ai principlcs ol lliu moral law c.Mft in cvcn liinu ; tliut , 'licrcfurc, tn gaiu in.-titutinns ui.il law s fotiiulcil upou uiiivcrsal rcin-uii aml iiiiiM'r.-al jcilic c, tlm appcal imi-l liu uiailu to llm wliolu pcoplc. '1 his is thu ili'iuocralic principlc. Dcn.ni racv is KTKH.VAJ. JVbTlCK, HUI.l.N't! TllKOUUll TIIK pr.npLE. 'Iho l'niNCtPi.i: of ilciiinrracv, of il.-c'f, ilic- tatcs tho l oitMs uiiilcr whidiit itahliihcs it.-i'l f iu tlm fiimlaiiicutal laws, Aml hcrc thc charnctcr of ilcmocracv cxhihils it sclfut Iho vcry lngining. I'or, on what uAs ilocs gincrniucnt rcst? A rc.spoctnhlu nuil vcry ninhilioiis pnrty rcpri'cnt tliat llm pcoplu iiit'it iu rnnvciitiou, uml iiiiin u conipact ; that this rompact at oiicp olitaiusa char actcr of !anptity, nml that it coiililiitcs tlm ha.i on which socicly rcts. 'I his is ihu whig iloctrnc. It rc.-ls govcriiincut not on any ihiug that is iu iiinu, hut nn pnrchniciits nml titlo ilccds. 'J'his ihcorv giMs no hihcrnuthoritv lo jrovorn- iiipnt, thuii thuucciiliiit of ugriciui'ut ; it is, thcrc- turu I'Mcnlially rilaliM'.ar.il is riniotc liom tlm Inli iilca of ju.iticu iu ilsorigiu, ns in ils iharnctcr. A pnrty luloptiug this tluoiy iuay look for safcty lo clmcks nml haliinccs ; it canmit iuoku n hihct .-aiifliim : it iiiny li:ie ir,;i.iu.s ; it iu.er can huvc princiiijps. Aml hern is tlm rcafnn wliy llm whig paitj hns no failh. A hisUiii L'ics Miuclitv lo thu I'ciin'. nml not to lliu prncipli! w hk h lul to Ihu iiiloplion of llm lorm. It utlhcrt's In llm Rllcr ; niiilmg:c(ts llm i-piiit ; nml thc iliiul lcltcr caiinot im-piro lailli. Vliigi.-iu miIiics forins iu thcni.-i'lxs, Iiciiiiim! ihcy uinj hu tiscil as mi iiiany chccks on Ihu icoplc. Is it ilcnicil that ihu Whigs prcfcr loruis lo Ihc siili.-laiiru ? IIau wn i:ot sccn, in .Mii.-.-.'kIiu.icIIs, au c.M'ciitivn rouncil rcfiin to licml ihcir car lo licar llm Miiccsof llm yconiaiiry nuil liniily nic chaiiics of WiMlielil, nml rcjcct n votu of whiih lliu acciirapy was iimli-putcil hccau.'.u tho lowu clcrk wrotu his uaiuu iu thu cciilru of tlm fourlh pagu, inli ml of ou n corucr of Ihu ll.inlf I.'uvu wc not t-cvn thu wliolo whig naity clainiiiu: on Ihu lloor of CongrC'S for a luonil M'al, iunlir a luitii r imi -I v falsu rcconl, highcr powcr llian I'or ihc oico of Ihc I'oiniuonw'callh, as rcgitcrc(l at ils polls aml pru mtvciI in its nn hiws .' ()r, is it ilcnicil lliat llm Whigs havo nn failh iu ihcir own rnusu .' Tliat ihcy h:ic nnl 1'iiili, !...ni- ilcnt Iroin ii llooil of rcnoiis. 'I hcy cppcnl to Ihu )ai-i(iiis of iiicii, nml mit tn thcir rcayon. 'J hcy aru pcrpctually t-liuitilntiug tlm iniuious of caf iiiiiuv tu thu work of pcrMiunl ilcfaiuatinii. As if asliauicil uf thciuscls, ihcy aru pcrpitiialy al ciiipting nn wcarilciuncrayas a inask. 'Ihcyilarc not prcscnt tn thu pcoplu, as camliilatcs for Iiil'Ii ollicLi, ihc iiicii who i.io-t nilcipintcly rcprpscnt ihcir partv. 'I hu iloings of thulalu convcnlioiiof wliigs nt ifurri-lnirg nru liuiight wilh u siihliuiu iuorul. lly not ilaringto ask thu MiiHragos of thc pcoplc fur llcnry C'lay, tlm giftcil ('liauipinn nf thcir ciium', thcy ihciui-ulM.'s ii imli! u conl'i'.-ioii in uilvami.' that Ihcy iIcmtm: ilcfcat, lliat a Iruc rciircM'iilalii! uf thu whig partv is not an uMiilahlu camliilatc. To thcui, uvailnli'ility cniiii-ls iu that happy iuciliocii. IV, "Imli, Iroin ils own wcukncns, lias ccnpcil h't'ing idciitilicil wilh nny proliiiiiciit lucasiiru wlial uvcr. Dcinncracv, on ihc othcr haml, ri'ganls gnvrrn- inciit ns spriuging lininthu nccosity iinilnutcil iu uian's iiaturc. Whcrcvcr ihcrc nru huiiian hciugs, whcruvcr thcru nru iiilclligint lil'c nuil I'r'ciIuui thcru, nlsii, thu iuwaril vnicu nf (inil iu llm miiiI connuiiiiils mcicty to hu iu-lilutcd. Socicly i'.it of iiccc.sily, nuil from (Ioil; aml rcls priuiurilj on llm lawof jmlici.' iiuprintcil ou inau's hcart, long hcforu a parchnicnt was scrawlcil upou, or a coiiMilutinii ilcxisiil. h'occtv rc-ls on iiuinutahlc jiiilicu ; uml jii.-lii i.' likc nll uiorul trulh, lics nnl iu linnl.s, not iu lcllcrs ol lilacK uml wlulc, not iu ari hivus or conipact, hut iiitliusouls of iiicii, W licn tliu pcoplu ni-scnililu in convcnlion In acl llu Ihu forms of eovcrnnicnt, thcv ilo mit crcatu govcrumcnt, Ihcy only iintilnlc it, 'I hc ullicc of thu incnihers 'of n 'convcntinn is, to impiiri! what ju-tic rnuiniaml.s. 'Ihcy iln not athilrariiy crcalu forms ; thcy ilo hut nsk afler thc foruis w Iiicii aru imi-l inlnplcil lo tlm grrat cniis ol .ocic Iv. Aml nnl claiuiiiig for ihciiiscUcs iiifillihililv, llmy ilo nnl rcganl Ihcir work ns au iuviolal.lu roii.piict, hut ns au iu-liliilinn to Im nii cmlcil, rc foriucil, aml pcrfcclcil, as I'.i-I ns thu im'rcajc of kiiowlcilgunml iipiightnpss shall ilrninnil. lliiis ilciiiocracv rc.-ts govcriiicul nn tlic Mmng- c-l pnssihlu fotiiiihitiou ; ou thu law ol (ioil m Ihc snul of nian. It M'l l.s tn oitnliliih fiimlaiiicutal laws, in puiifonriity lo thc iiiiiuutnhlc piinciph'.s of ui'cii'!iaiigiug jiiFtiri'. Aml asthc racuiscniwlant Iv iiilvanciuglii iiilcl'igciirp, ilciiiocracy scrurps tn tlic pcnplc llic right loiiiiikuponslant pi'ogrcssiu llic fiirm of covcriuciit. Thtis ihu nciinln hau takcii carutu providua iucthnil for nnicniliiig thu roiili tutiun uf tlm L'nitcil St.ilcs ; nml iu uiir own hillof rijiliN, it is rnrrgt'lirallv ilcclnrcil, that Thu p.-n-plu hau nu iucnntctahlc,iiialiciiali!u,uml iiulcfcasi iilo ri"ht tn iii-lilulc giivcriucnt, nml to rc liiriu allcr or lolallv cliaimu Ihc saiuc.' 'I his is thu L'rcat ilnclrinp of irngrcss, as npp!ivil to thu uniuii nml thc ('omuinmvcallh. In fraining a i'nuliliition, ilciiiocracv ilcii ai ils. lliat, in cvcry hrnnch nf gnvcrinciit, that sstcui ilnll hc niloptcil wlii'h pi'rn.ils llic niinl rcaiiy uml ccrlnin caiccr tu thu i'iic.-'?iiiii of thu puhlu cou iiliiin. Thc farm lehirlt lcnm poutr ndimllhr I'coiile, m thc fiirm cltufcn iltmiicracy. i itm, uii'ii, ii iiocriH uic iiiiciriui: ui i:iiiit.i;ii fraiichisc ia lliuclcctiun of lcgisl.ilnrs. Tlic whnle pcoiili! imnl participatu iu thu npnoiiitiiig powcr, uml iiiii-I parti"ipatc iu it iliici lly. Iu thu ncvt placc, wlicn clcctinns liarc iiccn iiiailc In thc pcoplu, (lcu.ocracy ruspccls llicin. It gcts up mi Iti'ucr rchclliiins : it r.ihls up thc roluniii of ligurcs nrciiralcly aml protiiptly, nml ilops i.ot ilclay ils rcport for wcck nflcr wcik, in llm niii hopu that soiiiu new iliscovcrics iuay hc mailc in llm hciciiru of I'uuntiii" niccU. Tiiu Icgislalors thus clcctcil arc hut Irnstcos of tlmpcoitc , tlii'rcfiircrc.puinililc , aml suift rcpnn sihility is fccnrcil hj frcipicnt plcrlioiis. llircwi', of New I!nglanJ, liai! caiisi' of gratilnilc lo our furcfathcrs. If'oHicc is u hurilcn, it shnuhl mit hu furrcil upou a fitv ; if it hu n lienclit, it fluuiM hu ilispcnscil ns wiilclj1 a. pnsi'ihle. To this cinl ilc ii.ncrarj' cnjoins rotalion in ollicc. I'urthcr, thclccislatorishiit tlmfcrvnnt nrlrnrtcp of thc ppopli'jllicreforulipishoiiiiil In nhcy iustnic linns from thc pcnplp. Dncs Im provu f.ilsu lo his prnfeions aml pnini'cs .' I.ct hiin Im rrprovcil hj" his inasterv Dncs hc turn acainst thcir iiiti resls .ir thrir riglits? I.tt hiiu lcarn to uhcy liisorrc-ign. 'Jhu (li.al.cis who selllcil Wi'St New Jern'V, were gocil ilcii.ocruls. 'I hcy b?tililt.-Iirit Ihu right ol iiiBlrticlion ns u part of ihcir lnws ; ni.tlgau In cacli elcftor ll.c pnwcr ul prc.-cnling liin M'll iu tlii lcgislat'nu hoilj nml, fniu toliirv, of nrraii;ning tlu rccrcmit Kptesint'nu wl.othoiilil irou fulsu to his i.omi. I Know it is miil this iloctrinu of instruction intcifcrcs willi Ihu uVIilieratiu.' i hnraclcr of ll rcprc.-enlutic l uly. ' hu aii-wcr tn this is, that laws nro In (.ue.-s liu: (omielicns of llm in ilo ; lliat thu rcpriM'iitnlivp, if hc has u gucil iuipon', onu underhill1 lo c.vpluin it to his iPi:lili,ciils. '. Iipii a i't!i:ator iijm tIs ns own wi iiL'aili.it I it will of his icnstitiicnls, Im hcuuiies lhu'cx:cm nt of tho .'n nllc.t ioihlo fraclioii, lo wil, Imi M-if. Ilcsiilcs, h'giiliilion, lo hu uhiilii g, iui i-t rciricnt thc will of tlic m oi!u ; thu sccurily, ihircfoic, nml tlm lii.iic.ih ol lciiiilaliiiii iirelolliinui. iiliil liv tlu: iloetiinc of in.ilructioiis, AVilhoul this, thcrcis mi (hcck I'pon thu porMuial passimis, or piiulinr sciicmps, ol llm imliMiluul ri prc.icnlatnc. I Im rcpreM Utiitip, cIiom'ii lur a m'ihoii, tooii to go into n lni n. iiil, niav hau m'1IIi inirpo-c.i. Ilcnci.' a H'louil liiiiitntioii. Iii ii.ocrncv holils hiin i.ot oulv rctpon.iihlo to llm pccplu, l.i.t eirciiui-i-ciihcshis power wilhiu llic Miirt 1 oi.i.ilarics n.nrl. ul out for hiin. It rccives righls In llic iialiwilu- nl, righls u t ilnlc, iilils tn llierollcctivc pcoplu; iimI llic lcgWator who ihircs lo ntcp litjoi.il thun, ilocs hut iuaku hiniM'lf guill of u iisiupi.lioii, whii h is iu it-clf nuil m il oiil. ilciieuthurijihts of j.cr MUial I'rciiliiiii, of iiulhiiUial frceilein of iiiii.il, mu rcM'nnl rithl.s ; hcncu thu iiinlicuiihlc, imli fciihlc lighls, whiih nn lcgislntioiici'ii crcalu urnhreguln ; licnei'Miilu iilii, wliu Ii, rilillyrcnrtrui'il iimI np plii il, nrc a i l.cii.-lii il pnilion nl'oi.r lihciits ; heiuc lliu iloctriiip iu our iiatuuial ecililulion, that puwi r i.ot (ciirri'u! lliat, lur u.taiicc, ot i liailcu g u hank, nr graiiliuga n.oi.opoh niu I'tiir to huu crci-cil. 'Iho lcgi!i,tiirp, wlu ii nf(ii hhil, is l:i,t a trnu ciuit hoilj ; it n n, Ihcrifiiic, i.cmt ginn iii.inoi- tality lo ns ncls, lialowrli ws il cliilililics uic liahlu tu hu ii penlcd, It ciiii cMiiIiIMi l.n pcipct uilics. I)i uiiiirniy kuows iiolhing, rci rgniycs i.olh ing, u pcipilnilj , hut ihu h.w if (ioil. All ihc forms nuil ciiaciiiii'iits of lc'islulicu nrc llm wotk i.f uaiii's haml, ni.d inu pcii-lialilc lil-c li.itti. Oiicu ii, nrc I'i iiioerui y is I'tcrnal jilicc, ruling tluoiigh lliu pci p'c, Ildicu ih ii ocriii y diiminli Kjiml li.ws for Ihc gcncral gccd ; liciifc ilciiiocnu j tolcrutes mi ii.oi.i polies. 'Ihcy uic at war willi piowdoneu, whii h tilwnjp ncls hy gi iuial h.ws. 'llm law ofd'cil .m.wsi!o ili.stii.cliou of pcrMiiis ; nial jut mi druo'racv, in ils lcjjMi.lion, ui'Nwilh out ieiirnnd wilkoul iiior ;it ul.rogalis all piii lc"cs : il IV, il ids ull ii.orrpolii'M ; iu d il c-tiihii-hc.s tlm riiial rishls oflhu pu.plc ou tho .mru I'uk of IIIMIIU liulli. lu (iftfaiiiii g thc.icdicinry, it is r(iial!y iKi'nnt: I ir.-t: hy (ircein-ciiliii g llicMil jictsou which ji.i'g nicnt is'to hc rciiiii rcil. 'I hcro u.av i.ri-o ou i iwl uil., two (iiie.iticns. Oim rclalcs nciclj lo piop eity ns mu h, nml to conlract liclwecn imiii uml n.ii'ii. 'IIiim' l.clong to llm jiuliciaty lo ileiidc. Aml thcru is co iliingcr lliat llm pi w"i r will hu m' riously iihi.Mil. I'tit 1 1 rc is i.mnlii r i-lis, whiih iiiinli'cs i..:iii. iil iin .-iIi.ih ) nuil ln rc ileiiiocriicj iinpernliM'ly rccics tn thc pci p!u lliu iillin.alp i' (i.iiui of eery pnlilic.il (iic.lion, i.ml iilfo r(fui's lo ihc jiuliciaA ull particiiritiou iu !i "iilalic powcr. 'Ilmjmlgos nru ihu luiuiiters of thu h.w, liot thc tiiliiiucs ol llic pccplo, .1 ti-t m iu criii.ii.al hiiils. Tlm jri'gcs nrc tn ncl uiiilcr cxisiicg laws, hut canmit ol'lhi u m'Iiics coii- M'llntc ciiiiics, ' hcy havo r.o pc.wcr lo cnlargu or lo allcr nu ci.iuiual c.ulc. Dcn.ncincv ai-sirts tlm iniioiirn nt powcr oflhu jnry. It i lainii lnr llm jury llm ril.l ol'dceiiliug ou llic lnw, cs wcll ns on Ihu' fa( t. 'I hu jurv is ihc oigau llnni ;li which llic pcoplu ipmlily iiiuf rcstricl ihuothcnii-c nrhitrnry nml ucarly irroponih!u powcr oflhu l.ciiih. Agaiti! Dciuocrary -U upou ihc rospon.ihility of ihc jiiiliciary lo thc pcoplc. Aml this it MTiircs, nml ciiii MTiiru, only hy liuiiling ihcir leuuru of of licc. lu jnur ('nluliionwculth, u jialc is liahlu to hc disiuicd hy an udilri ss of two thiids ; aml in thu gcncral goM'riiiiicnt, aoli'of two thiids i. liccdi il to gic i llcrt to au iiiipcuchniciit. 'I his ptui-ioii is ciiiircly uugatnry. Thu heitcr wav is 10 rcsiriit llic lcini of ollicu. 'I hcn ri'pniwihility liccouics pcil'ccl, hy thc proi-pcct ol'rii:ipoii;tlnciil. Thc gcod jiulgu l.ccil not fcnr llic peop'u. I'rnlii ihc iimiwiiI cniis ictimix i'i Ihc lalc I'lciiilcnt, nt lh.' tiiuu of thc nppoiiitiiicnl, I iul'cr, that it is iho o piiiiou oflhc prcs.int Miief .lu-liiu oflhc 1'iiiliil ."'lulcs tliut llm lorm oflhc jiidicial olliiu -Iliiulil l:u lin.ili il, nml not Im for lil'c. I'iiiallv : Dcn.pcrncy'ilops nnl nllow of uppeals from a lin.il jiidicial ilccisicn, iu u iucri' ipicstiuu of propcrty ; hut cvcrj iinproper or iiitjtt-t ppo-i. lion ol llm' law con hc rcfoiiiicd hj h t;is!aliou ; nml llic wholc sy.-li ni cnu Im uiiiciuh il, nllcuil, nml rc forincd, hy thu irop!c iu cunxeiition. I hax.illiiistriircd thcfiirius of )cimicracvlhrni:sh ihc lcgWnture uml thu juitiei.iry ; it tciiniius tu c. piaiu iln ui wilh rcganl to thu cAcrutivi'. lu llic liM p'aec, ilcimirracy claiihs thu riaht of uf clcrlii'g llic ii. hii l' ii.ngi.liulc ilircclly hy tlm pirpV. 'I hc.s, throiight New llnglaml,' wo" olc dircctl I'or Ihc govcrimr. lu on.e nlales, thu gov cruor fs chofcu l.y thc ligi-!atiiri'. To this ileiuoc raey ohjcrts ; for'it lcnils to cllih iiitrigues nml rnh'als. Aga'm : Thc legislaturp iwprosscs tlm will oflhc pcoplu hy laws ; thu cM'Plitivu cnforoes it, Thu pnwcrs ricrouics hlcmleil nml, hy a l.'.u ol'iiiiivcr.'.il cliicacj lliu urHnrratic iulliicncugainsn iicwchancu ofsccuriiig power, whcn thu lcgNlnturu nipnints thu I'AOPIIliw. 'I hu chicf inngi'trnlP ohtnin. n prnpcr imlcppn. dcncc, nml n propcr rcspoii'ihi'ilj', hy ruceiwng his iippuiiitiucut ilircclly I'roin thu pccplc. '1 he nprcii:u c.eeiilil(i is, niorcnvcr, u ehcek upou thu lcgisliituru, nml ihoiilil, ihcrcforu, ilcriu ils powcr ilircclly forin thc plrii!u. Hcncu llm rcccnt i liMiiges iu thu eoiiilitution of Xorth Curolina aml of .Miiryland, hy which ihc ('lioici' of giixcrnor is traii.fi'rrcil ficui legilaturus lu ihc pcoplu, isflricllyu dcnioeralic triumpli. r-'i, too, iu Ihu chnicu of prcsiilcnt, to olu fr clcdors iliiccllv hy thu pcoplu, nml not thrnugh ihu 11 gislaliirc, is tlic ilcnmcralic rulu. Aml hcrc is thu ruason why ilciunrracy nppnscs llm tlirowiug ol'tliu chuicu of prcsidciit of lliu 1' nilcil flati's inlo Ciincress. It M hccnuu Cnngrcss hy clectiiip-tiiu pronlcnt, roUftilutcs itsclf his nu lluir. It i? hccausu inciiihcrs of rongrcs.i, iu loa l.iug a prc'idcnt inay hmu printc p'lrposcs. i. hccaiisu Congress niay liu ilUlnicti il hy rclfi.ih iu Irigucs, nml mi, nflur'wcuks nml iiionths of proui in nml coiiiilcr-proiuo.ps, of challiiings nml hur-gainiiig-, clccta prcsiilcnl hj- n rorrupliil luajoritj-. Thc oxceiitivu, hcing thus clerlcil, it tlm rrpre Fi nt.ilivu nf thu whiilc pcnplu. Thu gnvcruor of u iiiiitiiiiiiu'rnllli is. in tlm cc uf ileinocrncv. tlm reprc'cnlalivu ofils propluaml, ns nioli, is liniuul I to wnti h ovcr thcir frci iloiu iiml prntcct thcir right. 'I hc prc.'idcnt of llm l'nitcil f-talcs i, in likui liiaiiuer, lliu ruprucnalivu of thc pcnp!u of tlm I' nilcil Hlnlcs ; nml, n u f.iilliful reprcsci.tatitp, hc is lioiiml tn smilain thc ower of jhc pcrplu. Hcncu it is, lliat, in llictriip fpirij of ilcinocracy, thc pcuptu havn entrustnl hiiu wilh n ttiliunilial ' power. Iln is, hy thu rnn-liliitioii. Ihu grand tri liiinu of thu pcuplu, p.i.f..iiig for lliu p"npli! thui powcrnfa Vr.ro, liuutiiltii rc-train tlm nristorralic rcmlciicics cf lci'islnliun, nml lo iicz.itiveevrry law thit ii.tcifcrcs with tlic roiililutir.ii, wilh frcidnlii, wilh popular power. '1 hu (orrupt aml corriiptiug iiilliicncuof a gigantiu n.oimjcd aiNlncraey wns ar rcMid hy ihu tiihuiiitial uct nf Amlruw JnckMiu. 'J hu wholu country( thu wnrlil, ninv recognizcs thc ju.iticu of that act. Aml ihis hringu inc to tlm grcat excculic (iic- tillll oflhu MVOIU) III. (1 lllU PUHbK. If Ihc iwoid it to l.u iiicii at ull, it iniM rcrlain ly hu tu cxccutu llm laws orilnincil hy ihu pioplu, i.uil, wlu u tlo sad ncccM-itv oceurs, iiniit hu uml Ii v llm cxceiilivu. (iiid foihiil it fliould umt hc im d c.( cil iii conforinily to law, hythofeu who nru hoi.i.d lo cxecutu Iho law! Hut ngiiint its unjci-t i.su (Itii.nrrarj crccts hariicrs. In relnlicn to indi idiinls, a Irial iu npiu cuurt, nml a virdict hy a ju iv, n.c.il piccnlc Ihu piiiii-liinent of a cnpital criiiiu. As it rcguids thu pcoplu, a lcgislutiu act uit.M of i.cc(siiy iiice( du Ihu iim! oflhu M,urd. Dui.orracy I hiiMi mid, is reiiMiu ruling lluough Ihu pcoplu. II thcrefnro iiucr enn hegin an utlViiMVu wur ; nml, if it cmiii! prevrdu llm ciilizcd wurld, llicru woulil hc nn eml of ull wars. 'llmswurtl wuiild hu hcatcii iuln thu plnughiharcsni.d Ihu liolilc, nml tlm din ofiiiu.s woulil hu hushcd in ihu pcnciful icij!ii ofjiiticc llui, ns in our iuiperfiU tntu cf Miciclj , ihc pos( ."i( ii ofntms isncedid for m.'1I ilefim'c, tlm i inplojincnt of uillilary fnrco is Ihr hidilin cxi (pt uiiiler au nct cf lcgislalion. 'IJiiis llm cot rtL1 ofjuslicc, tlm pioplc's jury, llm lcgWu torc, ll c pci plu Iln ii.m-Im s, ilui.il helwccn lliu cx eculic iTil tlm wioi gfiil iim-oflhu Monl. I hnu on nppn hcnsion of ijiuuiiy, iiolwiihstimliug llic g"Miiiorin cnch Ni w" rnglaiul ccii.n oiiHiilllli po m'cm's ihc sword, Nny, rnlhcr, I hoM il ns nu idmru .if iiil!ii(ii'g cii!iiilion, lliat in jnur Miito ui d iu ihcl nileil ,-itntcs, "llie ii.ililarv is iii all cns. s in. il iu nll tiuics, iu Mrict fi,l.onlinaoii to thc eitil pi.wi r," lu likc iiinnucr, thc pseculivu niiict. hy tlm vcry l.utiuu oflhu cnsc, liac lioni thc ii.lilio pur.-c liu li oiicts i:ecd((l hy ihu puhlic nppropriaticns. hn liall Kciplhu rcCdiiio.' Iliinxrucj unswcis, llic iiliiccis ol'llm picplc ; lho.c who aru uppoiiiliil for ihi.t puiposc hy llm 'onp!o ihiiiiM'lu's: ifllm pcn p'c inlriift llm'upi'ciiiling powcr In thc prti(iut, thiili ihc oll'ccrs whciu Ihc pre.iiilmt iliall i ppuint iu ilcr thc i onititiilion nml thu h.ws. 'I hu cou.iti tuticn oflhu I'nilnl r'latcs i.s cxplicit on lliis mh jeit ; it dic.'arcs, in cii.phclic luiigiiiigc, lliat "nu ir.nncy hall hc lu ilrnwii ficui thu trcuMiry hut in ron.i(ii,eiicc ofi'pptcprialioiw iiu ilu hy h.w." Ilnt this ilocs not Kiliih llm aii-loi'iacy. Tlint uii'loiriicv wMics, iu ni(!inco of nppropriaiioiis imulu hv faw, tu taku ull llic pi hiiu ruwntiu out cf lliu InnVciy oflhu pccplc, nml placu it whciu il will hc ii.di pci.di ul 1 1' lliu giiu'ii.inrnt, uml tl ctc forc iii(lc.cnilciil nl'lhu pcoptc, Ves, lliu wirh is tn Inl. c Ihu leu'iiuos of ihu I'uili il hlnlcs out of thc jinwcr aml coiilrol oflhu pcoplu oflhu I'nilnl r-lain, aml placc ihciu, hv u pciiuiucut law, iu thu ciihtcdy cf (orporiitions, tliat, hy ihcir ciy naliirc. nrc Ihc ii prcMiilntvcs oflhu iifi.-tncrncv uf wcnllh. 'I Iie iuiici iiiciiru uf this is twofolil, I irt, il giM's lu llic n.oiiow il iuli ioil. ihioi'L'h lliu lianks. u clu jicwcr ou o'ery cxcculivu iut ; I'ur llm irrccpoi!M iilc coipurulions ira ii fuso lu tho I'nilnl Hlnlcs thc iisu 1 1' llii' piihiic rcM'iiucs. Aml nct, hy la Mlig llm piihliu I'riiil ulit oflhc fitntnily of olliecrs direcllj or iudircclly uppoiiikd hy Ihu pcoplc, il nf uc( eiM'.y ( icnics nu iiii-iociiicy, iiiiu piiiecs uic 1 1 c.i i.r " iu tlm pcrpttuul ouiloilv of coiiiorulious, Wu olijccl lo n iuiiilincnjs for ifl'u ; hut llii. organ izalitin nl'lhu Irin-ury iu p'ics u pctpctuily of tiut, coi icirul on I'oilios w Iiicii, iiiui "ii iiii'v posii sses no n oral lil'u, woulihcl ut'w r .Iir,' il'it weruuot that eoi iiujct iiiililiilioli is cs.icnliallv liiortal. 'Ihc . .1 .'. . r. ... . . ... r .'. .! !.!. .1... cocei i, ui . i-i , io rrcaic, iu couiicciiou uuu iim Ircnsurv, n perpctuitv ol'ullirc-hulilcrs, nml lo ncu- trulizu m.il ilotioj a I'oilioli oflhu executiw powcr liy legisiatno cnactii.ciits, iu ilncrt Mulaliou ol Ihc iiitciilioii uf thu roiistiluiioii. !-'iirli, Ihcii.aro tlm npproprialu forins of ilciunc- rncv ; au iicMgucti iu givu ireu euursu iu niu pop- ii i i . ... . i' .. ... .1 illar will. III. Thu llrst nml nint inaikcd, tho charnclcr- ilic Tr.Min.vcv of ilcniocrncy, is towurils im proM'iiicut. Not houiid ilowu hy uxpcricncu, not saliificd wilh lliu rcsulls oflhu pas, it is rcsllis iu ils i-iri-L'alc.s iil'tcr I'.dMincciiicnt in frcciluin, in c- ipiulilj, in l ml lio happincrs, iu lliu widcsl cxleii sicii o'f ihc licnclils uf eiiliuiioii. It lougs I'or a hrighlcr nml n hapnicr futurilv. It dncs not hc licu lliat ihu Icgislutors ofolil liinu havu eslah-ii-lml laml iiuirks ofi iilialioii nuvcr tuhucurridl I'crwaril ; on llm ronlrarv, it hclicM's rathcr' llic lioui.ilailcs ul i nilialion liani hccn cniislantly ud miiii ing, uml nru ilu.stlucil to hu jct moru widcly I'.M lillcil. i-'iicli was lliu fuilh of Jcll'crson, nud his puhlic lil'c wus iu hariuouy with it. Ilis lirstuct us u leg isliitnr wns ihu ipK'ssion ofsjiiipalhr fur thc wcak nml iiio.t upprcsicd iiileinnliil lnr llm frccdoni of i luiiiriputiiig thu ciiskiM'il Alliirau. Ilis Ijrst Krcnt nct ui llm Aumricnli Congics, wns to wriiu, iu lcltcrs uf light, thu ik.w (loclrinc oflhu imlcpcn ilcucu i.f Aniciica, uml lo cuiiucct wilh that iiulc pciuh ncu thu grcut idcas oflhu righls of inan. Ilis piocluination tn tlm world, ou takiug ihc oath pfolh'rous prcsiilcnl, was, frc(doin of hupiiry, uml thu powcr oflhu pcopln i lliat is llic right lo dis ((lU'rlrulh' nud to iinl i dy lliat Inilh in lcgislution ; aml iu his lutust old ngu,hcnulifiil visious of llic fi.luru .lili llontcil hcforu his cjes, nml uen lo lhu hoiir iifilcuth, in thu riilni scrcnily lliat springs from fuilh in huiuiiii progrcss, liu giivc up his spjrit lo d'oil, from whom il ciuuiiatcil, with thu trampiili yiugwords, " Now, I.ord, lettest thcn lliy cnanl di iiait in pi arc." J his eiiiiitaiil hopu of progruss is ilcmiiinrcd hy ouroiponcnts ns ilcslriiclixu lo prcscnt in.-lilulioiis, awurng.iinst thc paM. Iltit iu Irutli, Dcimicrary i's mit dcstructivu ; ihc inakrs no war on tlm pa-t ; sliPplnimiunM'tthtow nf lliu prcscnt. Un tlmcon trary, hu gnrners up aml hcars along with Iut all tlioiruths that past gciicratinns di.rovcrcil j shu will not lct !n a siugli: iilca, not onc principlc, nutnnu truth. Miu liasiin hoiiest lincngu ; lm is, iimlcr (lud's prnvidciiri', thu lawful ollVpring of ndvimc icg liuinanitv, nml heclniins tis hcr righlful inhcr itancu thc gforiou. iuictiliuiis, thc rich iliscnvcries uf tlm pasl. Hut Dcinorrnuy ilocs unt liku thu II tjptiaus, cinlialiii thc ilcad ; fho ilocs not hrar n Inug with hcr ilconycil instilulions, crrorslhat havu iullirtril un lhctuc'lesll.ciruwiiileuth h!ow. Hiiu lcavc thi! sclf-tIril conervativu to slnL'gcr aloi.g uiiilcr thu iirriiiniilati'il siipcr.titiiiiis nud wuting strurtiitcs of thu p.it rcntiirii's, tu lottcr iimlcr thu iiiles of (hnrters lliat liaui'.piml, of ( onlraels that Ii.im! hccn hrokcn ; iind hc hcr.clfkeep on hcr roursu, haviug for her roinp.niioiis nll Ihc iiohloin stiliiliiui. w liii h rct iclf-ii.itainiil, iu thcir imu iutcgiily ; nml for llm gur.rnnty of hcr surccss, ihc iinlurul'iiiuunrtalitv nf truth, iind thu ucr-nctiu proiidcnru of (!oif. I l.now ih.il tlii failh in in.ni'.. ndvaiirrniciit is, hy iiiany, cslucinud iiuiiary : J know lliat iiiany o'foiiropl(inriitsassert, lh.it ihuiininensudillirrenn' hclnccn thu iaorril cln'cs nuil thc tnilcsoiuu chil dti'ii of Inhor, in thu orderof prnidcncc ; that llm history oflhu pal, im.'t liow thc largest niinihcr in a siatn of ieiiornnce nml .iill'criiig, nml nll thu l.enclils uf c'uiliation thu cvrlus'no cnjmincnt of thu frw. Tlmnrgmiicnt.ns f.irn it rrcaril. snrirty, i rcfuteil liy f-irl. Ilncli juar lirs given tn liuiuan ity new tru'phics, in it. eH'n'rl. to dilliiu thc licncfit. of fiecdniii. At llii. luniiii nt tlirnucliout our wholc rniuitry, thu !iighr.t ncliity prrtails in llm puhlir iuii, il t'o check, on thc oiiu 'riaml, crcrr tcmlrncy In cAclusiif nr in lcgislalion, nud on Ihc othur, to ncrl, fur cvcrv rln of cniuiiiiinity, its right lo llic eipial lictiiiits of our iinliliilioiis. Hut llic failh in iiihiiucciueiit ailioili of a iiohii jiiililicalion. It ii'ls on Iho ItiirliLt clrii enls 1 1' moralily ; i- hli mli d with all lliat i i ohlc iu l.i inau iiatuic ; i ml, far lioin heiug tlm li.illi offam i ics nml iionaiit-i, wi! n(iw, ns a part of our dc liiociulic ciciil, lliat this failh is c cut i;il lo tlu; ihniaclcr ol'n good prucliciil ilaloiioaii ;llialeii . truly grcat lcgi.ilutnr is not liuiilcd iu llm uciliiii i i ' his iiiii.il lo expcricnrc, to cxutuplcs, lo tlceidi) caM'S, ael.i.owlcilgcs thcru is au ipcul which stativ nml nalioiis il.oulil ilrivc. to rcalic, To i. ny onc wlm niluiits llic di-linclions of n cr uls, ihis piopoiilioii is ciipahlc of tlcu.oiiilniliciv I'olitics, rightly coiiiidcreil, mu u.oiuls iiipliul Ks puhlic allaiin ; for llic pruvidcucc uf d'od is n.pn n ccry whcru ; Hu is thu d'od of uatioi , im wclli.- tho d'od of ii an. Nr.w, thcn, go into ptialc lili . Vnu.Nii jien, jou who nro tliiviug to huilil up, for joiiricUi .i a puro fainu, will joii icek in I ln--:u iii'hkI joii for thu higl) idenl "nf u oral worlli?' F liii 11 tlm cxi.iiiplc nf ii.cn nroiuid yoii, swujcil lu nud fro hy Iho pasiions of thc n oinent, Miiind hj iliiapioinlii cnt, kiiidling wilh cxdtciucnt, iIcIihmiS hv (loiircs, ucrlhu di-pcs nf thcir r.wn s-u!filiiic. ? r !i : 1 1 1 ihu cxumplu of hciugs, as iiupcrfcrt as caclv ii:diiili,al of our incc, (.-im.-til utn thu rulu of eon iluct? If it wcro n, thurc cnuld hu i.o sucli Ihii: ih mhh g ullcr iituo ; for no innii is iu hiniiclf ic I'ciMUiilii aliou of irtiiu ; nn liinu hus rculitd pcr i'eclion. To I'aliihli.h, ihcn, n rulu of i.,oralil ,. ih'iliicdl liom llm praclicu of. imlividunl.s, has, i'or ils in i oyary rccult, iho nhiimloi lucnt of highot' cxculkiii u,'ni.d Mihslittitii'g for il in perfectcxpcri (ncu. f-'nch it Mftt'iu woulil ilclroy all moralily wou'il Mih.-liliilu'liiiiiinn iii.pcrfcitiun fur llm diuiiti law, thc aeli ul pusiuus of u.ortals for thu hrighL lliorli iiiirializnl iningo oflhu diiuu mnii, whicli d'od hus iu p'a iilul in thu hcurt. 'I hu miii.u is truu nf poliiics. I'ollow cxpcricnrii ui:d jou ii uy ri ui w iuoiiiiri'liv,l'i'iulali.-n,llioiloiiiiii-. ian nf u fi!lll.-h stDik aritocincv. Yoii neccsaiilj- iliatc IcgWnlii.ii.hy piopn-icg iu tlm outict to thiipic it nflcr in pcifect n.oilcls. Dcii.ocrncy.oulhccou trury, mcIs to riprc.ecnt tn ilielfnii iilcal rcpuli lic, io.i(.-id cl'nll lliu qnalilics liclonging to thu Micial icmlitiiiii, iu liaiii.nnv with culi othcr, nud' cndi i.dnpti (I to ils n.d. It is iiccciary for llur ilali iii. nu In huic iu his n iwl iho coiicepliou of iu pirl'ert lcgiiliiliun ; Ihnt hc limv lin.s, hy tho cou,-pnri-cn, hc C(ii:.-ti:iilly Ii (I tn ilUroxcr cxi-ting tlu I'cits, iu d In ii.mi', if sluwly Jct cirtr,inly, iu thur palhs uf in pru( n i lit. 'Ihc iii iiicilintu Itudcnry nf ilcn.ncrntic lcgisln tiou ii lowards u Iruu nml I'ull dcclarution cf ua lioiial imli pi mli ncu, a pcilict relii f fioni ihc htX rcii.uinii g I'omls of llic niil rolmiial s Uni, w' Ir wiishutii liruiichof iho IuIm uicrraulilu sj. .iu. 'I lu.t fjMt in foui.did r"ii.tiii rcc not 011 rcciprocity, hut 011 prii'ii;is icc'.iii il hv trcnlv oriufnucd hj opprciion, li.nkil g ( on nieiec, wliii h hou!d hc 11 p'k'l'c ol'pci'.cc, Ihc fniitl'ul paiditof wnrs. 'Ihis i ili'in wai ilo iii ii.ii nt 111 ruroprnii polilircs for ;i ciiilinj-, Our ilccluiiilicii cf ii'ih pciuliuiru wns. ils ilca'lh warrniit ; nud ihoi'uh it ilill lingcrcd iulo llm I11111, 1'a Im ller iLMliirv. il mwr could ell'cct 11 icvcrsul of ilMli om. hcn ihou I nitt il Stnli - licirnn liu ir i iit(iicu us 11 iinlicu, llmtraccsof ihif fnlso incrcuiililu ly-lem wcrc hrumli d dccply iulo. llm rodu of ucry llincpcan uiarilium pincr. 'I hc prineipV iiiolnl iu our iry cxi-tince us n, iintioii, wi perpctiiully coii iiig iu (onllirt willi llm innny lli-ropcnn i.ht'sos whidi piolri.ih il tlu ii.m'Im sj into nur pulh, uml nttcii.ptnl lu hlock up our pin grcs. lnr llic iiiiliuus of lluiopc lo rc(cgiii-u il colouy n 1111 1 ipial ; I'ur lliu 11 oiiardis iiinlan-lcera-cics cf Iluropc tu m1ti.it 11 ili u.orralic ri p.iihlic ti eipial iiillucncu iu ihc iulciprcliitiun uf inlcrnalionak lnw, implicd i hangcs iu llic l'uii pcaii world us w:l as ihosu wliieh wcru cHlclcd nur ii 1I1 p. mli ucc it su'f. riigl.'iud has unt jct lcaintd tn rcpcct our ri pul Iie 1 hcr cipiul. Tlm taww. cpirit which, iu ihudaysof Wihingtnn, ilictatnl ils refi.Mil lo siir lonil.T llie iinrlli--.eilcin pucs in-pires hcr cui 11 scls imw in licr nrrog.uit usurp.itii.iis 011 our mir'.h calcrn lioiiticr. Aiistoeratic riiglnml has i.ut jit lcarncil 11 iluc rrspuct liir llm I lehiali l!ipuhiicr which is fprcnding imr Innguagp fii.ui onu uml ol'lhi! conliiicnl lo 1 1 11 oilu r. On .icilioiis of iulcriialion al law, di'inocrucy, ii.--crlii,g cipialily, nud Milui.il ting M'lf rc-traiucil, to tlm Jiiuilnlioiis of ju.iietv lcnds towurils cslal.lisliiiig frccdoni ul1 "iiods for IVee iliips, uml guanliiig a vci.cl ou tlic high scas a a lloaling colony. lu liko iiiiiiincr, di inorrnry upholds Aim tiian in di.flry, i.sm'iIs its imicpcmlcnru. lu 11 1'oriiu r ci n lury, riig'i-h lcgislnlii.il ilid, us it iore, Ihrhid 11 1 f Aincri.'aii iiiuiii.f.iclurcs iu uool iiml in irun, ninl huilt i:p I'liL'li-h indiitrj l.y prohihilory liiws. lluu'ai.il woulil nt tliut linic iu dcliaucc uf l'ug'ii.c ciiiupclilii.il, h.nu Micrcdcd in intililit'nrtures. . 'I hcn, whcn thcru was 110 luiill' nl ull, prohihilory liiws wcru rcipiiicd, tn rcclniin ihu nci'un enler prisc iif our f.ilhers. 'I hu rouscipicucu nf this rc Ivranny wus Aiiieiienn imh pcinlancc tail ns n slrugglu for powcr tn npply Ihesaiou fiilsu sjstrnu hut ns nn iisscrlion of tlm riuht uf frecduui of 111 li rprisc iiiui iiuli-.t-try. A puwciful p.iriy uinoiig u has ultciiiptcil lo rcncw thu larill' polii'j uf that o'.l incrraiilili' sj.luin, n sjstcin which has ncicr uc cceilcd hut iii ( otiiieelinn wilh thu ihiniiiiiun uf th.T scus ; 11 sjhteui whi-i, in ils 11M iiitciis'uy, has lie rnnic in pnssihlu uvury whcru, aml ng,tiiil whidi llic ciirrcnl of advancing riulizaliiiu is swi'i'piujc wilh incsi.lil.lu unergv. To t ri.-t llic pro.p'nlj of luaniifacturcs tn sucli 1111 iiuliimili il lcgisiuliciu wnuld hu liku huildii.g n liirlrcs on Ihc crgc uf ;i liliilf, which tlm dccp wntcrs of thu .".iii-i-nppi h; .C alrcady iiiidcriiiined. llut thu indiistry of New llnglaml has mit on!j l.ccu lc.l iutn this iihhI ilaiigcruiis pmiliou of leiiiiio I'or supporl 011 u llo.'ilinir tiiril)', rcgulalcil hy mircr laiu majorilics, uml inodilicil h rhangiiig iutiicsi. it has hccn mailu n ictiiu to tfie I'.ilsc linaucial sjs Irin iu which wu luiu heronm iuiolicil, nml wlu Ir Ihu i-i.isinndii: eneruics of lliu wholu whig partv nru now- siiiiiliioneil to iuaililaiii. I appcal . llur inniiufartiirics tlicuiclc ; I nsk ouly lo hc hcar.I lct Iho liiaiiufii lurcrs pionniiiii-c llie crilirt. rirst, thcn, thu 1. Stati lliuik, cnncentrntiiig ils iiitlucm: in our largu ri.iiiuierri.il cilicsriiiul .lr.il ing iiniiicnicly in forcigii hills of uxdiaiii'c, ing; iilso ils iigeiic'ms in l.omlou nud I'arN, whcrc it im gntialrd largust lo.ms, wn, hv its vcri- naliiri'. ral riilalrd tn xiiuiulatu ci'iiiliicrciitl ncliiiiv, uml hj iu uiipatliicslii Mnlaiu tlm interrs'.s of lorcigii ii.an iil'iclurcs. Nuxt, tliPKiirptiH ruvi'iiiic. oflhc g.ivernineiit. iiicrcaicil hv thchigli larill', wcru loamil nnl, rhii f- ly iu thu iiierranlilu citius, tn iu.porling ineiilianl ; mi lliat thu ut v ucc's ofdutcs , nrcaioning ficsli iiiiporliitii.il., ncciiiiiiilatcd cvilsiniku un thu Ali.er irnii iiiaiiufiirturrr nml on liu 11.1 n I1a.1l, lili thu hij of ruckoning dicw nuur, to sprcud orrow uml hank ri.plry througlmiit thu laiid. Nuxt riiluu lliu iliiitrrou expan.sioii of nur nwii rnrrcncy. (!ur opponcnls cxlol lliu hcnclits of :v niixcil e'urrciiry, cudjct ihcy n it nll cl!iirl li inakc cm'ii tlin'lcnt in'huiiru UumiiJs n li.ixcd rur rrncy. Yoii in Conncrliciit. wu in .Mnsiachi!ell.. 1.110' not n tnixed rutrcnry nf peric nml p."Pcr, I.ut nn uniuixril riirrcnrj-, rniiipo.cd nf p..pcrulniip. Spuric h.'s hccn haiiishui! aluioil enlirclv, cxcrpt for purpuc of liinKitig rliangp. lu i-.iucpucncu. i liile n liii.lit.imlf. hv iw u n nnturp. u.xcluilci' lh Aiucrirnn iuauufactiirirs fioui thu fuM-igii inarkcl, rach proturlixu larill' wns, in urcrsk'ii, rrmlrrcil iiiiLiilnrv at minu :lornlliu taraii was aimir.ccd. lliu cuirriicy cxp.imluil, till in tho fcxcr of .pcrul.i tion aml I'Atrii.asiut prirr. lh.rot rf prodiirtinni rosu tu sucli a di-gre.', that thu fiircigiiur cuuld puy m