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The spirit of the age., May 08, 1840, Image 1
About The spirit of the age. (Woodstock, Vt.) 1840-1844

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The spirit of the age. (Woodstock, Vt.), 08 May 1840. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress. <https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84023294/1840-05-08/ed-1/seq-1/>

Newspaper Page Text

L. . t
v
JY C. G. EASTMAN.
Frccdoni of 1 11 ( u i r y iind Ihc Powcv of llic Pcoplc,
$2,00 ANNUAI.
WOODSTOCK, VERMONT, FRIDAY MORNTNG, MAY 8, 1840.
NUiJ.BER I.
A SAC'ItUI) 3IKI.OIJV.
EV W. I.MIQRIT.
m origiu wnrs viiiin jii'iu uic iiiiiiu,
II! rnrli II l.li.stl.I imi llllH' tt.llrlr
Tl! killlll'il .-J'irill I'Ulllitr,
II lll.llll Ulillll llll llllll IIBI.I.III.I lllll,
Alul k:ic lliis lili;lilnl iii li iil'ur
knul willi Minlj lu iliue tlii' l.y,
Ali.l ...iii nvifiv I'.-iim Klnr lu .Ini-.
nli! limv iliirk, limv ilrrnr, limv lone
WniiM mthi tlii! l.rljililiM wi.rM .l'l.li,
u ii ir ii! l irn ic n inrn mu m i iuie.
W uilvil tu llml llii' lnMil ol'lliln!
cre iki morr tlic llcs tlH.ulil twiur,
Wliiili ilratiV colil hanl nlni'i' nin -cvir,
tlicii llnie nnrs lu iimrurry flitnr,
.Yli.re Imli I'ul ns thc) (hliic I'urmr.
uuiut lu1! ciit'h lior-e uiul lcur
'I'luil ligliH Uir i-)c or i loi.ili llic brow,
lahns llii'io is ii lnip lir n luro
Tlion lliis hlciik vwnlil tliut lii.Maiis nuxvl
rc Is u vniir lilih turrnw Iuars,
WliHi licinkkt wilslis lili-'s giilliug ilmliii
l.cuun tliut lil. tr "Hr) lliy unri.
Thc iiru lu liinrt hail 11111-1 ayiiln 1"
Frum llie l.mlUh' L'niiiuitilon.
ikcikjss nt-aoni-; uic; cuuwx.
nu ilit'llii' iUiiiliil'tlie rlulitt'i'ii, iinJ, Kt uiy lteiiil
c II .". V IIT.S U IU.
Ii. Itt niu ii ii' llui (JIiiIIIiiii lantli
Ortrluuiili iiml e.f (irai'i,
l.. l.lt.i t.)...n t'.ili.ti r i.ri.ti . tm l,i-i utli
I!re It I'or cu-r ccnii-
ko lilin, iiiny I .s.i r lln- rmxi-r,
T ... 1..I..I !.... I
Wlilnnit ii mii.;', uitliout 11 fcnr,
Wllliiiul ii wMi Iii lii.pcr l.irc
II. ..I II. .11 lu i. . 11IM
Kngrr tn Miir Ii uni i r.rlli nw ny,
auul Irmii IhuiiIiuui ure
Tu thc lirklil ri'ntais nf i lulli i-i ilny,
l.l I....... lMi..lV
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MhIiIiiI.h I liuir untlll fiiiiiII miIit,
i s il.-l Iii ui) ll.)ll
ApnrmliiK will iii) iitl.ri il ilmliT,
1 1 c- Clirlltiiu'i i l.il Iii hluirei
Alid I'lin Iii mn II Mn.ll) Millli
t iinut vi niilil i i ir I ic i lir nllnn ri i i'ul i.
Aml t'lilu lil l'li'-l ri'wnnl
iniiiiiifi' llil wnrM til'olii in il lrili',
n. I liu llii- rlirii.ll.in'i ln.ly lili',
OliiilU'iil lu lili l.i.n!;
rk liiil 1 1 l.i miiIIc linr l.ul llii lii'Mii,
(,'uiliil wnrlilly i;.'i!ii hilt ilrnii)
'U im tt lf lliiui III i iir tli- crnw ii,
Tliut lliim nliuiiliNl Kiur lliu rrni"i'"
A I) !) IMISS
IIKKOIIK IUi: DI.I.KIi ATIIS TO TIIK
Miir'ii itic i!nv'in"rniv fiPTiiM
.ikitvn it.i mvi'i.i'Pi'l''p
ItV UlXMHii: IIA.NCUOIT.
m.ow (iti.i:ns:
TIih inii;itiiMi to ine t yoii UU cc-
,..t..,l .. ill. ,Jf...-.Mr nr in Istllllll
. . ' ' I t. .. ..V V r.,.,i I
111 II IT "II II l"ri". I HU M llllll IM H I.M.IMMll
a ci)iiili:()i inoiiL'c. lilitl a cnmiMiii imn.TiiiiiMc.
i.i'.iimu itl lliu vi'ililir!ii4. ulion uv rn-
i 1 1 It; llitldiii itl HHIiif i"i imi niii'f 'i i' -
l lliuluunny iifan Ainlnn, tir pmtrrted llii'iu-
tKftinioi inriti 114 irniii l iiiKiiiii. iir uiiiii'ii iiil-
..I .in n.ii jiii nu ithii!.'ii iii l nr riil
. ... I I !....! I U" .1.,. ....!..
iiiiu uir I'lini in im .iti"iit iin.-i in itiiii
irtut'r nf ynur miiThtnr I in)i'r $nv wvmy ;
L'CllVlll llil IIV I II iillin nt Jt niu J
Kiica i irmii ltM'ii itiiii wi' -roii-nn'rcu niu-
iii t wlu-ii 1 ili'chirn ii i v Ih'I I. tlt.it, tnr purity
I. i.- lHi...,l.kl. nt.t It ii!lf tu ttln.lriitrxl
. li.nljl itij.lt I'of lll.l IIMjI.I ll!llltl.llll
li(Uan:PH t n '"i
li'lllilt-IK iiiui i uiii'iiurin ihMn iim ii u'j wi
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11.111 lllil ll imihiiui
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tliii jtopular i-liarnclLT.iM tn prnvo, lliat nfoM
iipiri'il ilinr n iiisiauiMi. iut jiriiu m .na--
......ij t...t iVntit im nMriindt rprciilli'flinti. hi'i'ti
UM'lin n.ii iioni "j .
ll'Iillli;. llllk III llll 111 m'" .(.- ' "ii
:.. nt ii itMiii iiii'ip fiinrmt.i witii
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il trhiihiih : antl uli'ilti lliu pciiploitliiiiilM'rnl iii
piti iiii 1 1 r i4i ii r r.i i ii 11111 urnri- 1111 ii-''"rii ii':i
I. tt.r'in.'itM flllil llllMI IWMPMi.l 1 1ll Iltl.
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i.l ilt.i li.irul itiin' rmui-1 tu iri.t!:-' -iH-finl lauvt i
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1IU liriirill l nniit imiHi-'i i
rurnicu to jihIico nml l MiauiLviwii'rU'il lo in-
Innl HliipklmtilcrM aiiit ilirtMttor." iu cnrnoraliuiiA
lu iraiit of new IniiicliHPi tn tm'iiiHrive ; hail
ififi'il liin nrnJuctivti lalmr ot i'v l.iislaml. !V
iii iii'f ii ruiu M''iv Hi-iM'ii iiu.iiici.u rMt'in.
irimlo atl A""'rioan rapital Mtijitrrvient tn fur-
1 il.. ititiirnl4 nl im r (livii iiifimt.
ItlllllHlt ini- iu
...I It .l.i-... r niri.I.M.i.ra .
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cy ollimli v;n iifirau'ii uiniii!ii uic uiinivu
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imrnt4 iv tlic ; liail ntri'tcheil niit llit! '
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I 1 I.....I ..I ,,.t.l.n.ll l..tliltl tn tlt.ltiml.l I
lirU Ol llH! .! Ml limiii ii nu rr-i'u niu r.nci: 111
. .1 f . I I! I I - . ...1 .1... I
ncrancu on an arm ol llih ; liail iiarrnwtii tlic ;
:i.t.. .... it i
iTL'MarVi nilil ll niav im; unriiimiiiiiiuimi, lur- i
ititM ; n'li'l trul fur tlin liLinTit of cirnorati(mrj
Ipafil ati Itlie fariiwanii roal itati! ol' lluiOom
nvrallli tn au aiiinunt vvi tn tlii? ulinlc
I inriim-il I) MaatliHtt'i for tho war of In-
nililciU'f.
Iie aii-tnrratic inlliictirn liail rc-ali'il itolftn
ppoplc iu it tnvn hatural ilt fiinnUy. 'I Iie nunir '
. : t.f .tf.uir !!l.ii'C4. iitiiMi'l witiintit a fin- 1
cccpli:Ii. rai4(it tli iltMt.n 'ralic staiiihnl, aml 1
n . .1 . 1 I I! i..nt ....! tU'iu Imiii tvitli i
tiTtil i.l!iit nt tfif lii'lm. Tn iliiulil lliu mui! woulil
! . . . .... ..r.i.... .i: t
i Ull 1 113 ir iiiiiiiniM
Iii! ppnplf, fur wliitli imr niuiiK-nli aru entillcil
(ide in llie iioni!e, iunl, vwr true to U gooil
ic, iii rcvcrent lutpti lirt.il.. i:c. uptvar.l'.
llllliiuimii. ii. nt'" .....
.l u!i:it i. lliat iiriucinic. unicii ii:h niu. iicuii
, car afler jcnr, tonilvimri-iii tlio nlluctioiH of
v i'n.ilnnil. a'ml. in fl'ili! nfllio iiiiiiicii'.e notiti-
actlvitv cif aoci.itri! wcallli, tn jyi'n victory
ii-.'li. ..... 'IV. .....Ii I .lintl BfM.ntf tn .im nf
IC IIIIJ Cl.lli . .-iii'. ' .'
PIIIMMPI.K ny DF.MOCItACY, "1. Idlllls
p it.. Tr.NDKNCir.s ; aml iii ili.ruwing a
. I . I.. . I ... it.nri riiiplll'in iii
laml I li:i!l ilccm iny wonl. ra.-hly pnkcn.
tinliss they aru cnnlirini'il liy Mitir fiiiiciirrcnce,
I. I.;iy iiur IkiiiiI nn jour lieart. !t llirnlis.
llorp, staiiiliiigiiiiingili'iiinrnits, 1 inaysay ittlircilis
wiirnily. 'J hu JiiniiLT lchiml llio plnufi fi'fls it
lioat iu liariiinny willi lliu cri'atinii llinii:yi wliicli
hu inovus, Go out iiilo lliu crowiluil Mrri'ts, yoii
will ovury wlirru llml, tliat tliuru U im sliri cllctl
nii.-rr, nr sellish rpiouri!, im iiiiiliitiiiiis poliliciau, 110
"int iiriiation of I'at iliviili nil-'," liut hu lias n lirail.
Si'i-k wlni joii ill, tlm lit'iicriili'iit or lliu sullUli,
lliu liigluiiinili'il or tho niran, lli ir.ost who ur thu
liin-it nairiiw, cai h onu lias a luiirt, llinuli foiiiu-linii'.-i,
on iliectiiin, it iniglit rnpiiru a iiiicrvsi'npu
tu liml ilsplacc.
JustMi Ihupowi'r tnilNrcrn tjnoil fiomcvil, riglit
Imiii wruiiL', is iimilantcil witlini uvi'ry unu. it is
lliu jsill ortJoil Iii rvrry inan. Giiil lias ili-fiaiichis
cil nn uni! ;Uu lias cut iill'iifi nnu lloin thu inlii'ii'.
anri) of ri'iinn. AVIicrevur thcru U innral r.it
imici', wlicrcvrr thoru U a hiiinaiihciii, thcru also
i-i I'oiiiiil lliu gift iifniinil. 'J lii'rowilliiii thuih'ptliA
of rou'.rii'iiri', Viituc has crpclcil hi'rtriliiinal; thcru
nn arhiter is u.stahlUhcd tn dccrcu what, in thofacc
nf hmnaiiitv aml of thu lnliuitu Miiul, shall hc ac-
l;nnvli'(l('(l as ju-ticf.
Di'iiiorrarv is. thcrilorp. tho l'nwcr nf Jnsticc
ns c)icri!hi.'cliii tltc hcarts nf thu peojilc, ns iuter-
prcicil ti ii (1 rniorrcii ny inu piiniic iiiiiin.
I knnw it will hu'said, tliat thu iiowcr of tlii
pcoplc will not, of iii,CM.ily, hu thu govcriitnciit of
jiiriiicr.
To whoni. tlion, htit to Ihc wholc popplo, shall
wo look for lliu true interiirclatinn nf julicu? lf
nottolhn whiilopinph1, wu inii.-t look tn a fractioii
nf thu iii'niilu. Xow, iheru i.s a nriir.ary ohjection
to inakiii!; tlih nppral tn any fiartimi wliiiturrr'
I or hy tliiMPry lacl tliat n is a irai'iinn, u nas a
M'paratn iuterist. 'Jhu frnctiim a.-ks itcir,,lIlmv
will this look im thu cAdiaiigu, iusil anuiiig thu
iiicnilii'rs of lliu clan! 'J hu pcojilo can nnly n.-k it
sL'lf, "llcw will this look in thu hKtory of thu raru
aml 1'iforu llui Criiitor of n:an!" lf' I nppcal to
tlm wholu pcoplc, 1 hallj.'otimtiiMvur in harinoiiy
willi j;riicialtriilh ; if I npicalto a part of thcpco
i!c, thu niiiwcr will bc paitial, tnpililiril hy iocu
li.iritics nml a pccial hias, To taku thu ilciiion
uway fioni lliu wholu coinmiMiily, in p!ics :m mi
willi'nijiii'ss to h.ivu i n niiMvcr rcsting an tmivmal
liulli.
llui lct ns I'nalj.c this n.attcr iroro iniiiutcly.
!f Ihc c.vprosiim 'of tlm piihlii! miml is not to hc
ncKiiow'lcilgcil ns thu iutctprctcr nf juslirc niiil wu
aru tn lnok to a fiaclion, that fnti'tion inut liu lliu
pnrwl, or ihc .-ltnngt.--t, or thu ucallhicst, or thu
w i-c.-t.
If wu Imik tn llic purct fur oraclcs of jn-tiru wu
at niico v ns a polilical powira pric.-lhooil nr a
chiiri li. W'o -t nn nri-tocracy of priots, of an
niistocracy of (liiirih iiiciiilnrs. l!ow iuiwi-u thc
lirt is, ha's hccn p'oi'licil ilcrply into Ihc history
ofinanl'iiiil. I'or thc polilical cxallation of n pric.-t-hooil
hriii's willi il a coni'cioiMif a n.ononoly of
moral triilh. It himls thc miml iu fctlurs ; it piu
rlniinshi!i.avcry oflhu sonl ; tluis .li'.-trtiyliii? licc
iloui nt ils murcc, aml wilh frccihiiu ilrMrnyiiig llm
pnssihiliiy nf piihlii1 virtcc nml jii.-ticc. iuw Kn
jlniul ha's hail nu cmiii p!c of an nri-lnerncy nf
chiiich nicuihcrs, iu llm carly lii-tnry ol'.Masai hu
.ctts: nml lliu rcconl ofils 1','ilal lcmlcncy is wrillcn
III lll'IS llf lllgnlr v, llllll Irlll'l .i nl" lilnml. Ill'.iili". .
lct nu inan, howcMT piuc, nml thu truly pinns
nian is :ila huiiihlc, hc mi ai'ronlil as to claiin
iu picly it siipciinhh In llic pcnplu ; lnr llic pco
plu iiic'lmlcs wilhiu i!c!f all thu pmily iti.il picly
nf nll ils incii.licrs.
Thu arislocracv oflhcslruucsthas iilsohccn tricd.
It is thu I'umliif sjhlcni nml thu sy-lcin of ciifh iim
ilcin iniliiary ilo'poii.m, gixiiii; iloniinmii to hrnlu
fnrcc. Itis'lhu sjtcni whk'h ilc.-piics frcciloin,
aml nnnihilatcs iiuinl. 'I his forin of ailocrucy,
far froin nspiriii); tn inlurpnt juticc, iiiins only at
nsscrlinu ils own will.
Tho frai'lion nf llm w callhy uu.vt urgcs ils claiin.
This clniin is iiu.ro lri'iin nily niaiul.iiiicil. It is
thu iart of uUloiu tu fuiiinl pivi:riuiiciit i prnp-
ITlV. rl.'INH Vl'lltlT, "ilill" llttiTIllU'l' ll 1 I! CR'Cll
of oiirAliicrii'aiiiniiilcrnwliigs. 'Jho pnet Aihlisim,
oiipu sccrctar i.f tnlc, was a gnoil l!in;lih wliig
iu his il.iy. Ilo iiiaiiitaincil thu saiun opuiinji' Aml
.Inhu l.np'lic, Ihcarcat ihi'osoilu.T of thu wliig. dc-
plari1'. thc vcry ili'.ign nml nhjcct of govuriiiuciit
tn liu lliu prntiTtmu ol prcpcriy.
Now, In cMiy ridi inau thcru aru twn things :
rir.t,lic i n iiiiii ! as micIi, ilcinocnicy ics.icrts
Iii uni givurt hiiu pipial rihis, 4Nc.t is his
wcaltli J hut wcnllh iililiud. It cniinntrpnson, nml
it raniiot fccl. Thc iunncv-hag lias ncilhcr hcart
nnr iiiiml, Tlm ou of richcs is a hnu pas.inii.
If !:ovcnnciit is snrrcmlcrcil toit, lilcu llm iiic8
tionwill lu', " N'lntwillhu lluuight ofithy tlm
Imars nml hulls iu lliu ftiick-uiarkct i" Thcrfori'
Dcnmt'racy rcjccts llm pivcrnicnt of wcallli. Shu
insi.ts nn I'niltii'i! thu iiiic-tion, not to notc Imcrs
aml inoiicv-iiii'.kcr", not to thosowho aru riHi, aml
iiri'stri!jr''l'mgtiigrnw' riclior, hut tn cuiiii'ii'iico aml
Thu frai ticii of llm lcarncil rnnic.s ncM ihc
wisp iiicii nflcr ihc fli.-li. I!ut thu pcop!i- colloc
tivcly is wiscr tliau ihcy, for it incliiilcs wilhiu it
sclf ilicirwi-iloui alif ' Aml furllicr : Ilxci'llcnt as
iiicii of lcartiiiig arc in ihcir placu, I ..hniilil Im lualh
tn rpscr'ii tln' gnvi'riiliii'iit of tlm cnuntry into thu
h.iliils of rolli'gi) prol'c.ssors nr llic lcarnril of lliu
laml. I'ur tcariiiiij! Ii.ui n priilo nml nu urroganci! of
itsowii. Hctiilcs, ihopi'ihiut'sihair iuay holil uvc
ry p.issimi, iiipan ns wcll ns nohlc, thathunian na
tiiru kmwvs. It isa rpinarkahlc f.ict, that thu grcat
progrc.s in scicnru nuil gnvcrniiiciit has not liucn
mailo nt miivi'r.sitics. Our falhcrs wcrc niitpats
froiiithuuiiivcrsilics; nml O.xfonlin I jiglaml taiighl
thu ilnctriim of passivn olicilicncc to kings, long
aflcrlloukcr nml llnjncs hail fonmlcil govurniiiciit
in Connecticut on i'inliiitiil olicilicni'u tn (ioil.
W'licn thuuiigcl of mlnni'iii!! rrfntm l.iiocltsat tlm
nti! of our collegp., Im is too nlk'ii mct wilhn re
liiill", .'iinl roinpcllcil.as'mtlic ilajs of thc patriarch,
lo gn out nml hrcak hruail willi 'thu hcrilsinan hc
ncatll a trcc. Aml lliniigh a lc'artj syinpatliy wilh
popular lihpily i llm solu romlilio'n on wjiich nu
Aiucriran niliiilar can licpu for cndimng faiuu, nr
a rnllcgc ran allain highcst snccuss, it still pnncs
hanl for thu vcry lcarncil In ai'kiiowlcilgo that lcarn-ing-is
hut a ci.l'crn, nml that in uvprv miiiil thurc
isnliing foiinlaiu of triilh. Thcilhri! it is that
l.onl llacon llohls it iiere?.ary fur thu imjiiiicr tu
hcrniiii! a. a lilth: i-hi'il, or Im mount hopu to cn
tcr inlo thc kiugilniii of iiilolliircnci' ; nu.l wu li.uu
gnoil autliority fur hulicving that llcavcli, in its
hlgli purjinscs'of ri'fiirin, sclucts for ils nciits nol
innny wio nflcr lliu Ilo'li. (.'oil halh rlnwcii thc
liioli'sh thinss of tlii1 wnrlil tn roiifuuml thu wisu,
nuil (Inil hathcliuscii thuwcak Ihius of thu wnrlil
It (llll.lllllll llWt fl.lt.rrJ ltlii-.ll
'I hus Jinti:i! rcfusus In plcuil hcforu a fractioii
of thu p.-npV. Hlii! cstahli'hcs Imr nicn triluuial,
nml scck ii ihvrcu iu harniniiy w ilh conasisnrR nuil
llm vnicu nf (,'nil, hy nppointing thu whulu pcnplu
n thu tuiipiri! aml uicrcin athitcr. Ilcr court is
an opcn ruurt. Thilhcr inay rcp.iir thc opprc'jor
nml thc npircscil ; thc punr nml thc rich ; tlm
wiso nflrr tlic Ihh, nml liu: clioscn of (Ioil, uIknu
wisiloiii is ns that of chiMrcn ; tlm struiu; nml lliu
ucak ; thc Ip.irncil nml llii; iiulcirncil ; thu hcncv
ok'tit aml llic churl. All nru ailinilli'il,. nll nru
hcaril ; hiittlw ilcri.inn is tho vnire of i-onscicncu
as oxpnwit hy thu coiiiinon iiiiml ; thc ni'cif
(ioil "as it lircallics lliroiign llic pcnplu:" tlic
powrr i. In thc pcnplu.
In this jiiilgnicnt of tlic ppnple, thc scvpral frac
tinn. inilccil npprnr nml nrc hcnnl. Ilnt thc inllucnrc
of tlinc fnicliniis is incrgcil in llm gpncral influ-
cnuc. 'J hu uxcrsscs of onu class canccl llm u.
cc.ssns nf tlm olhcr.
Jn.-t so gcogrniihicallj-. Thc voicc of iuiimsnl
rcapon, in .Mu.-sacliusutts, is (nnnctiiiics nHcctiil hy
tlm plainor of associatcil w pallh ; nt tlm South, hy
a iuIlihul'.s.s of an opposiiu tcmlciicy. Thu urrois
halaucc cach othcr. As in n'gehra, tho iiiinus aml
tlm plus, if I'lpial, nciitralizu uai h olhcr. '1 hus it
is tliat lliu oicii of llm peoplo is llm orn uf puro
rcnson ; oppositc, iinjui-t paions h.ilaiicirg cach
othur, jiticu ciuergcs.
fiivc power to a finction nf thu peoplo, aml joii
liau a parlial c.poilion of jiii-ticc. divu powi'r
to inu wiioiu pcop;u, aml ou gniu llm iu-nrot c.
prcMim of tlm lawof (ioil thu oicc of coir.icui c,
thc oraclo of univcrsal rcaMiii.
'J hus, thcn wu M'c, that tho moral law is grau'ii
nn tlm huart of cwrv inan : Ihal. whilu laili iudi-
viilual has pcrnual fiiacs aml pasious, tlm uui-
vcri-ai principlcs ol lliu moral law c.Mft in cvcn
liinu ; tliut , 'licrcfurc, tn gaiu in.-titutinns ui.il law s
fotiiulcil upou uiiivcrsal rcin-uii aml iiiiiM'r.-al jcilic c,
tlm appcal imi-l liu uiailu to llm wliolu pcoplc.
'1 his is thu ili'iuocralic principlc. Dcn.ni racv is
KTKH.VAJ. JVbTlCK, HUI.l.N't! TllKOUUll TIIK
pr.npLE.
'Iho l'niNCtPi.i: of ilciiinrracv, of il.-c'f, ilic-
tatcs tho l oitMs uiiilcr whidiit itahliihcs it.-i'l f
iu tlm fiimlaiiicutal laws,
Aml hcrc thc charnctcr of ilcmocracv cxhihils it
sclfut Iho vcry lngining. I'or, on what uAs ilocs
gincrniucnt rcst?
A rc.spoctnhlu nuil vcry ninhilioiis pnrty rcpri'cnt
tliat llm pcoplu iiit'it iu rnnvciitiou, uml iiiiin u
conipact ; that this rompact at oiicp olitaiusa char
actcr of !anptity, nml that it coiililiitcs tlm ha.i
on which socicly rcts. 'I his is ihu whig iloctrnc.
It rc.-ls govcriiincut not on any ihiug that is iu iiinu,
hut nn pnrchniciits nml titlo ilccds.
'J'his ihcorv giMs no hihcrnuthoritv lo jrovorn-
iiipnt, thuii thuucciiliiit of ugriciui'ut ; it is, thcrc-
turu I'Mcnlially rilaliM'.ar.il is riniotc liom tlm Inli
iilca of ju.iticu iu ilsorigiu, ns in ils iharnctcr. A
pnrty luloptiug this tluoiy iuay look for safcty lo
clmcks nml haliinccs ; it canmit iuoku n hihct
.-aiifliim : it iiiny li:ie ir,;i.iu.s ; it iu.er can huvc
princiiijps.
Aml hern is tlm rcafnn wliy llm whig paitj hns
no failh. A hisUiii L'ics Miuclitv lo thu I'ciin'. nml
not to lliu prncipli! w hk h lul to Ihu iiiloplion of
llm lorm. It utlhcrt's In llm Rllcr ; niiilmg:c(ts
llm i-piiit ; nml thc iliiul lcltcr caiinot im-piro lailli.
Vliigi.-iu miIiics forins iu thcni.-i'lxs, Iiciiiiim! ihcy
uinj hu tiscil as mi iiiany chccks on Ihu icoplc.
Is it ilcnicil that ihu Whigs prcfcr loruis lo Ihc
siili.-laiiru ? IIau wn i:ot sccn, in .Mii.-.-.'kIiu.icIIs,
au c.M'ciitivn rouncil rcfiin to licml ihcir car lo
licar llm Miiccsof llm yconiaiiry nuil liniily nic
chaiiics of WiMlielil, nml rcjcct n votu of whiih
lliu acciirapy was iimli-putcil hccau.'.u tho lowu
clcrk wrotu his uaiuu iu thu cciilru of tlm fourlh
pagu, inli ml of ou n corucr of Ihu ll.inlf I.'uvu wc
not t-cvn thu wliolo whig naity clainiiiu: on Ihu lloor
of CongrC'S for a luonil M'al, iunlir a luitii r imi -I v
falsu rcconl, highcr powcr llian I'or ihc oico of Ihc
I'oiniuonw'callh, as rcgitcrc(l at ils polls aml pru
mtvciI in its nn hiws .'
()r, is it ilcnicil lliat llm Whigs havo nn failh iu
ihcir own rnusu .' Tliat ihcy h:ic nnl 1'iiili, !...ni-
ilcnt Iroin ii llooil of rcnoiis. 'I hcy cppcnl to Ihu
)ai-i(iiis of iiicii, nml mit tn thcir rcayon. 'J hcy
aru pcrpctually t-liuitilntiug tlm iniuious of caf
iiiiiuv tu thu work of pcrMiunl ilcfaiuatinii. As
if asliauicil uf thciuscls, ihcy aru pcrpitiialy al
ciiipting nn wcarilciuncrayas a inask. 'Ihcyilarc
not prcscnt tn thu pcoplu, as camliilatcs for Iiil'Ii
ollicLi, ihc iiicii who i.io-t nilcipintcly rcprpscnt ihcir
partv. 'I hu iloings of thulalu convcnlioiiof wliigs
nt ifurri-lnirg nru liuiight wilh u siihliuiu iuorul.
lly not ilaringto ask thu MiiHragos of thc pcoplc fur
llcnry C'lay, tlm giftcil ('liauipinn nf thcir ciium',
thcy ihciui-ulM.'s ii imli! u conl'i'.-ioii in uilvami.' that
Ihcy iIcmtm: ilcfcat, lliat a Iruc rciircM'iilalii! uf
thu whig partv is not an uMiilahlu camliilatc. To
thcui, uvailnli'ility cniiii-ls iu that happy iuciliocii.
IV, "Imli, Iroin ils own wcukncns, lias ccnpcil
h't'ing idciitilicil wilh nny proliiiiiciit lucasiiru wlial
uvcr. Dcinncracv, on ihc othcr haml, ri'ganls gnvrrn-
inciit ns spriuging lininthu nccosity iinilnutcil iu
uian's iiaturc. Whcrcvcr ihcrc nru huiiian hciugs,
whcruvcr thcru nru iiilclligint lil'c nuil I'r'ciIuui
thcru, nlsii, thu iuwaril vnicu nf (inil iu llm miiiI
connuiiiiils mcicty to hu iu-lilutcd. Socicly i'.it
of iiccc.sily, nuil from (Ioil; aml rcls priuiurilj
on llm lawof jmlici.' iiuprintcil ou inau's hcart,
long hcforu a parchnicnt was scrawlcil upou, or a
coiiMilutinii ilcxisiil. h'occtv rc-ls on iiuinutahlc
jiiilicu ; uml jii.-lii i.' likc nll uiorul trulh, lics nnl
iu linnl.s, not iu lcllcrs ol lilacK uml wlulc, not iu
ari hivus or conipact, hut iiitliusouls of iiicii,
W licn tliu pcoplu ni-scnililu in convcnlion In acl
llu Ihu forms of eovcrnnicnt, thcv ilo mit crcatu
govcrumcnt, Ihcy only iintilnlc it, 'I hc ullicc
of thu incnihers 'of n 'convcntinn is, to impiiri!
what ju-tic rnuiniaml.s. 'Ihcy iln not athilrariiy
crcalu forms ; thcy ilo hut nsk afler thc foruis
w Iiicii aru imi-l inlnplcil lo tlm grrat cniis ol .ocic
Iv. Aml nnl claiuiiiig for ihciiiscUcs iiifillihililv,
llmy ilo nnl rcganl Ihcir work ns au iuviolal.lu
roii.piict, hut ns au iu-liliilinn to Im nii cmlcil, rc
foriucil, aml pcrfcclcil, as I'.i-I ns thu im'rcajc of
kiiowlcilgunml iipiightnpss shall ilrninnil.
lliiis ilciiiocracv rc.-ts govcriiicul nn tlic Mmng-
c-l pnssihlu fotiiiihitiou ; ou thu law ol (ioil m Ihc
snul of nian. It M'l l.s tn oitnliliih fiimlaiiicutal
laws, in puiifonriity lo thc iiiiiuutnhlc piinciph'.s of
ui'cii'!iaiigiug jiiFtiri'. Aml asthc racuiscniwlant
Iv iiilvanciuglii iiilcl'igciirp, ilciiiocracy scrurps tn
tlic pcnplc llic right loiiiiikuponslant pi'ogrcssiu llic
fiirm of covcriuciit. Thtis ihu nciinln hau takcii
carutu providua iucthnil for nnicniliiig thu roiili
tutiun uf tlm L'nitcil St.ilcs ; nml iu uiir own hillof
rijiliN, it is rnrrgt'lirallv ilcclnrcil, that Thu p.-n-plu
hau nu iucnntctahlc,iiialiciiali!u,uml iiulcfcasi
iilo ri"ht tn iii-lilulc giivcriucnt, nml to rc liiriu allcr
or lolallv cliaimu Ihc saiuc.' 'I his is thu L'rcat
ilnclrinp of irngrcss, as npp!ivil to thu uniuii nml
thc ('omuinmvcallh.
In fraining a i'nuliliition, ilciiiocracv ilcii ai ils.
lliat, in cvcry hrnnch nf gnvcrinciit, that sstcui
ilnll hc niloptcil wlii'h pi'rn.ils llic niinl rcaiiy uml
ccrlnin caiccr tu thu i'iic.-'?iiiii of thu puhlu cou
iiliiin. Thc farm lehirlt lcnm poutr ndimllhr
I'coiile, m thc fiirm cltufcn iltmiicracy.
i itm, uii'ii, ii iiocriH uic iiiiciriui: ui i:iiiit.i;ii
fraiichisc ia lliuclcctiun of lcgisl.ilnrs. Tlic whnle
pcoiili! imnl participatu iu thu npnoiiitiiig powcr,
uml iiiii-I parti"ipatc iu it iliici lly.
Iu thu ncvt placc, wlicn clcctinns liarc iiccn iiiailc
In thc pcoplu, (lcu.ocracy ruspccls llicin. It gcts
up mi Iti'ucr rchclliiins : it r.ihls up thc roluniii
of ligurcs nrciiralcly aml protiiptly, nml ilops i.ot
ilclay ils rcport for wcck nflcr wcik, in llm niii
hopu that soiiiu new iliscovcrics iuay hc mailc in
llm hciciiru of I'uuntiii" niccU.
Tiiu Icgislalors thus clcctcil arc hut Irnstcos of
tlmpcoitc , tlii'rcfiircrc.puinililc , aml suift rcpnn
sihility is fccnrcil hj frcipicnt plcrlioiis. llircwi',
of New I!nglanJ, liai! caiisi' of gratilnilc lo our
furcfathcrs. If'oHicc is u hurilcn, it shnuhl mit hu
furrcil upou a fitv ; if it hu n lienclit, it fluuiM hu
ilispcnscil ns wiilclj1 a. pnsi'ihle. To this cinl ilc
ii.ncrarj' cnjoins rotalion in ollicc.
I'urthcr, thclccislatorishiit tlmfcrvnnt nrlrnrtcp
of thc ppopli'jllicreforulipishoiiiiil In nhcy iustnic
linns from thc pcnplp. Dncs Im provu f.ilsu lo his
prnfeions aml pnini'cs .' I.ct hiin Im rrprovcil hj"
his inasterv Dncs hc turn acainst thcir iiiti resls
.ir thrir riglits? I.tt hiiu lcarn to uhcy liisorrc-ign.
'Jhu (li.al.cis who selllcil Wi'St New Jern'V,
were gocil ilcii.ocruls. 'I hcy b?tililt.-Iirit Ihu right
ol iiiBlrticlion ns u part of ihcir lnws ; ni.tlgau In
cacli elcftor ll.c pnwcr ul prc.-cnling liin M'll iu tlii
lcgislat'nu hoilj nml, fniu toliirv, of nrraii;ning tlu
rccrcmit Kptesint'nu wl.othoiilil irou fulsu to his
i.omi.
I Know it is miil this iloctrinu of instruction
intcifcrcs willi Ihu uVIilieratiu.' i hnraclcr of ll
rcprc.-enlutic l uly. ' hu aii-wcr tn this is, that
laws nro In (.ue.-s liu: (omielicns of llm in ilo ;
lliat thu rcpriM'iitnlivp, if hc has u gucil iuipon',
onu underhill1 lo c.vpluin it to his iPi:lili,ciils.
'. Iipii a i't!i:ator iijm tIs ns own wi iiL'aili.it I it
will of his icnstitiicnls, Im hcuuiies lhu'cx:cm nt
of tho .'n nllc.t ioihlo fraclioii, lo wil, Imi M-if.
Ilcsiilcs, h'giiliilion, lo hu uhiilii g, iui i-t rciricnt
thc will of tlic m oi!u ; thu sccurily, ihircfoic, nml
tlm lii.iic.ih ol lciiiilaliiiii iirelolliinui. iiliil liv tlu:
iloetiinc of in.ilructioiis, AVilhoul this, thcrcis mi
(hcck I'pon thu porMuial passimis, or piiulinr
sciicmps, ol llm imliMiluul ri prc.icnlatnc.
I Im rcpreM Utiitip, cIiom'ii lur a m'ihoii, tooii to
go into n lni n. iiil, niav hau m'1IIi inirpo-c.i.
Ilcnci.' a H'louil liiiiitntioii. Iii ii.ocrncv holils hiin
i.ot oulv rctpon.iihlo to llm pccplu, l.i.t eirciiui-i-ciihcshis
power wilhiu llic Miirt 1 oi.i.ilarics n.nrl.
ul out for hiin. It rccives righls In llic iialiwilu-
nl, righls u t ilnlc, iilils tn llierollcctivc pcoplu;
iimI llic lcgWator who ihircs lo ntcp litjoi.il thun,
ilocs hut iuaku hiniM'lf guill of u iisiupi.lioii, whii h
is iu it-clf nuil m il oiil. ilciieuthurijihts of j.cr
MUial I'rciiliiiii, of iiulhiiUial frceilein of iiiii.il, mu
rcM'nnl rithl.s ; hcncu thu iiinlicuiihlc, imli fciihlc
lighls, whiih nn lcgislntioiici'ii crcalu urnhreguln ;
licnei'Miilu iilii, wliu Ii, rilillyrcnrtrui'il iimI np
plii il, nrc a i l.cii.-lii il pnilion nl'oi.r lihciits ; heiuc
lliu iloctriiip iu our iiatuuial ecililulion, that puwi r
i.ot (ciirri'u! lliat, lur u.taiicc, ot i liailcu g u
hank, nr graiiliuga n.oi.opoh niu I'tiir to huu
crci-cil.
'Iho lcgi!i,tiirp, wlu ii nf(ii hhil, is l:i,t a trnu
ciuit hoilj ; it n n, Ihcrifiiic, i.cmt ginn iii.inoi-
tality lo ns ncls, lialowrli ws il cliilililics uic
liahlu tu hu ii penlcd, It ciiii cMiiIiIMi l.n pcipct
uilics. I)i uiiiirniy kuows iiolhing, rci rgniycs i.olh
ing, u pcipilnilj , hut ihu h.w if (ioil. All ihc
forms nuil ciiaciiiii'iits of lc'islulicu nrc llm wotk i.f
uaiii's haml, ni.d inu pcii-lialilc lil-c li.itti.
Oiicu ii, nrc I'i iiioerui y is I'tcrnal jilicc, ruling
tluoiigh lliu pci p'c, Ildicu ih ii ocriii y diiminli
Kjiml li.ws for Ihc gcncral gccd ; liciifc ilciiiocnu j
tolcrutes mi ii.oi.i polies. 'Ihcy uic at war willi
piowdoneu, whii h tilwnjp ncls hy gi iuial h.ws.
'llm law ofd'cil .m.wsi!o ili.stii.cliou of pcrMiiis ;
nial jut mi druo'racv, in ils lcjjMi.lion, ui'Nwilh
out ieiirnnd wilkoul iiior ;it ul.rogalis all piii
lc"cs : il IV, il ids ull ii.orrpolii'M ; iu d il c-tiihii-hc.s
tlm riiial rishls oflhu pu.plc ou tho .mru I'uk of
IIIMIIU liulli.
lu (iftfaiiiii g thc.icdicinry, it is r(iial!y iKi'nnt:
I ir.-t: hy (ircein-ciiliii g llicMil jictsou which ji.i'g
nicnt is'to hc rciiiii rcil. 'I hcro u.av i.ri-o ou i iwl
uil., two (iiie.iticns. Oim rclalcs nciclj lo piop
eity ns mu h, nml to conlract liclwecn imiii uml
n.ii'ii. 'IIiim' l.clong to llm jiuliciaty lo ileiidc.
Aml thcru is co iliingcr lliat llm pi w"i r will hu m'
riously iihi.Mil. I'tit 1 1 rc is i.mnlii r i-lis, whiih
iiiinli'cs i..:iii. iil iin .-iIi.ih ) nuil ln rc ileiiiocriicj
iinpernliM'ly rccics tn thc pci p!u lliu iillin.alp i'
(i.iiui of eery pnlilic.il (iic.lion, i.ml iilfo r(fui's
lo ihc jiuliciaA ull particiiritiou iu !i "iilalic powcr.
'Ilmjmlgos nru ihu luiuiiters of thu h.w, liot thc
tiiliiiucs ol llic pccplo,
.1 ti-t m iu criii.ii.al hiiils. Tlm jri'gcs nrc tn ncl
uiiilcr cxisiicg laws, hut canmit ol'lhi u m'Iiics coii-
M'llntc ciiiiics, ' hcy havo r.o pc.wcr lo cnlargu or
lo allcr nu ci.iuiual c.ulc.
Dcn.ncincv ai-sirts tlm iniioiirn nt powcr oflhu
jnry. It i lainii lnr llm jury llm ril.l ol'dceiiliug ou
llic lnw, cs wcll ns on Ihu' fa( t. 'I hu jurv is ihc
oigau llnni ;li which llic pcoplu ipmlily iiiuf rcstricl
ihuothcnii-c nrhitrnry nml ucarly irroponih!u
powcr oflhu l.ciiih.
Agaiti! Dciuocrary -U upou ihc rospon.ihility
of ihc jiiiliciary lo thc pcoplc. Aml this it MTiircs,
nml ciiii MTiiru, only hy liuiiling ihcir leuuru of of
licc. lu jnur ('nluliionwculth, u jialc is liahlu to
hc disiuicd hy an udilri ss of two thiids ; aml in
thu gcncral goM'riiiiicnt, aoli'of two thiids i.
liccdi il to gic i llcrt to au iiiipcuchniciit. 'I his
ptui-ioii is ciiiircly uugatnry. Thu heitcr wav is
10 rcsiriit llic lcini of ollicu. 'I hcn ri'pniwihility
liccouics pcil'ccl, hy thc proi-pcct ol'rii:ipoii;tlnciil.
Thc gcod jiulgu l.ccil not fcnr llic peop'u. I'rnlii
ihc iimiwiiI cniis ictimix i'i Ihc lalc I'lciiilcnt, nt lh.'
tiiuu of thc nppoiiitiiicnl, I iul'cr, that it is iho o
piiiiou oflhc prcs.int Miief .lu-liiu oflhc 1'iiiliil
."'lulcs tliut llm lorm oflhc jiidicial olliiu -Iliiulil l:u
lin.ili il, nml not Im for lil'c.
I'iiiallv : Dcn.pcrncy'ilops nnl nllow of uppeals
from a lin.il jiidicial ilccisicn, iu u iucri' ipicstiuu
of propcrty ; hut cvcrj iinproper or iiitjtt-t ppo-i.
lion ol llm' law con hc rcfoiiiicd hj h t;is!aliou ; nml
llic wholc sy.-li ni cnu Im uiiiciuh il, nllcuil, nml rc
forincd, hy thu irop!c iu cunxeiition.
I hax.illiiistriircd thcfiirius of )cimicracvlhrni:sh
ihc lcgWnture uml thu juitiei.iry ; it tciiniius tu c.
piaiu iln ui wilh rcganl to thu cAcrutivi'.
lu llic liM p'aec, ilcimirracy claiihs thu riaht of
uf clcrlii'g llic ii. hii l' ii.ngi.liulc ilircclly hy tlm
pirpV. 'I hc.s, throiight New llnglaml,' wo" olc
dircctl I'or Ihc govcrimr. lu on.e nlales, thu gov
cruor fs chofcu l.y thc ligi-!atiiri'. To this ileiuoc
raey ohjcrts ; for'it lcnils to cllih iiitrigues nml
rnh'als.
Aga'm : Thc legislaturp iwprosscs tlm will oflhc
pcoplu hy laws ; thu cM'Plitivu cnforoes it, Thu
pnwcrs ricrouics hlcmleil nml, hy a l.'.u ol'iiiiivcr.'.il
cliicacj lliu urHnrratic iulliicncugainsn iicwchancu
ofsccuriiig power, whcn thu lcgNlnturu nipnints
thu I'AOPIIliw.
'I hu chicf inngi'trnlP ohtnin. n prnpcr imlcppn.
dcncc, nml n propcr rcspoii'ihi'ilj', hy ruceiwng his
iippuiiitiucut ilircclly I'roin thu pccplc.
'1 he nprcii:u c.eeiilil(i is, niorcnvcr, u ehcek
upou thu lcgisliituru, nml ihoiilil, ihcrcforu, ilcriu
ils powcr ilircclly forin thc plrii!u.
Hcncu llm rcccnt i liMiiges iu thu eoiiilitution of
Xorth Curolina aml of .Miiryland, hy which ihc
('lioici' of giixcrnor is traii.fi'rrcil ficui legilaturus
lu ihc pcoplu, isflricllyu dcnioeralic triumpli.
r-'i, too, iu Ihu chnicu of prcsiilcnt, to olu fr
clcdors iliiccllv hy thu pcoplu, nml not thrnugh ihu
11 gislaliirc, is tlic ilcnmcralic rulu.
Aml hcrc is thu ruason why ilciunrracy nppnscs
llm tlirowiug ol'tliu chuicu of prcsidciit of lliu 1'
nilcil flati's inlo Ciincress. It M hccnuu Cnngrcss
hy clectiiip-tiiu pronlcnt, roUftilutcs itsclf his nu
lluir. It i? hccausu inciiihcrs of rongrcs.i, iu loa
l.iug a prc'idcnt inay hmu printc p'lrposcs. i.
hccaiisu Congress niay liu ilUlnicti il hy rclfi.ih iu
Irigucs, nml mi, nflur'wcuks nml iiionths of proui
in nml coiiiilcr-proiuo.ps, of challiiings nml hur-gainiiig-,
clccta prcsiilcnl hj- n rorrupliil luajoritj-.
Thc oxceiitivu, hcing thus clerlcil, it tlm rrpre
Fi nt.ilivu nf thu whiilc pcnplu. Thu gnvcruor of u
iiiiitiiiiiiu'rnllli is. in tlm cc uf ileinocrncv. tlm
reprc'cnlalivu ofils propluaml, ns nioli, is liniuul I
to wnti h ovcr thcir frci iloiu iiml prntcct thcir right.
'I hc prc.'idcnt of llm l'nitcil f-talcs i, in likui
liiaiiuer, lliu ruprucnalivu of thc pcnp!u of tlm I'
nilcil Hlnlcs ; nml, n u f.iilliful reprcsci.tatitp, hc
is lioiiml tn smilain thc ower of jhc pcrplu.
Hcncu it is, lliat, in llictriip fpirij of ilcinocracy,
thc pcuptu havn entrustnl hiiu wilh n ttiliunilial '
power. Iln is, hy thu rnn-liliitioii. Ihu grand tri
liiinu of thu pcuplu, p.i.f..iiig for lliu p"npli! thui
powcrnfa Vr.ro, liuutiiltii rc-train tlm nristorralic
rcmlciicics cf lci'islnliun, nml lo iicz.itiveevrry law
thit ii.tcifcrcs with tlic roiililutir.ii, wilh frcidnlii,
wilh popular power. '1 hu (orrupt aml corriiptiug
iiilliicncuof a gigantiu n.oimjcd aiNlncraey wns ar
rcMid hy ihu tiihuiiitial uct nf Amlruw JnckMiu.
'J hu wholu country( thu wnrlil, ninv recognizcs thc
ju.iticu of that act.
Aml ihis hringu inc to tlm grcat excculic (iic-
tillll oflhu MVOIU) III. (1 lllU PUHbK.
If Ihc iwoid it to l.u iiicii at ull, it iniM rcrlain
ly hu tu cxccutu llm laws orilnincil hy ihu pioplu,
i.uil, wlu u tlo sad ncccM-itv oceurs, iiniit hu uml
Ii v llm cxceiilivu. (iiid foihiil it fliould umt hc
im d c.( cil iii conforinily to law, hythofeu who nru
hoi.i.d lo cxecutu Iho law! Hut ngiiint its unjci-t
i.su (Itii.nrrarj crccts hariicrs. In relnlicn to indi
idiinls, a Irial iu npiu cuurt, nml a virdict hy a ju
iv, n.c.il piccnlc Ihu piiiii-liinent of a cnpital criiiiu.
As it rcguids thu pcoplu, a lcgislutiu act uit.M of
i.cc(siiy iiice( du Ihu iim! oflhu M,urd. Dui.orracy
I hiiMi mid, is reiiMiu ruling lluough Ihu pcoplu.
II thcrefnro iiucr enn hegin an utlViiMVu wur ;
nml, if it cmiii! prevrdu llm ciilizcd wurld, llicru
woulil hc nn eml of ull wars. 'llmswurtl wuiild
hu hcatcii iuln thu plnughiharcsni.d Ihu liolilc, nml
tlm din ofiiiu.s woulil hu hushcd in ihu pcnciful
icij!ii ofjiiticc llui, ns in our iuiperfiU tntu cf
Miciclj , ihc pos( ."i( ii ofntms isncedid for m.'1I
ilefim'c, tlm i inplojincnt of uillilary fnrco is Ihr
hidilin cxi (pt uiiiler au nct cf lcgislalion. 'IJiiis
llm cot rtL1 ofjuslicc, tlm pioplc's jury, llm lcgWu
torc, ll c pci plu Iln ii.m-Im s, ilui.il helwccn lliu cx
eculic iTil tlm wioi gfiil iim-oflhu Monl. I hnu
on nppn hcnsion of ijiuuiiy, iiolwiihstimliug llic
g"Miiiorin cnch Ni w" rnglaiul ccii.n oiiHiilllli po
m'cm's ihc sword, Nny, rnlhcr, I hoM il ns nu
idmru .if iiil!ii(ii'g cii!iiilion, lliat in jnur Miito
ui d iu ihcl nileil ,-itntcs, "llie ii.ililarv is iii all cns. s
in. il iu nll tiuics, iu Mrict fi,l.onlinaoii to thc eitil
pi.wi r,"
lu likc iiinnucr, thc pseculivu niiict. hy tlm vcry
l.utiuu oflhu cnsc, liac lioni thc ii.lilio pur.-c liu
li oiicts i:ecd((l hy ihu puhlic nppropriaticns. hn
liall Kciplhu rcCdiiio.' Iliinxrucj unswcis, llic
iiliiccis ol'llm picplc ; lho.c who aru uppoiiiliil for
ihi.t puiposc hy llm 'onp!o ihiiiiM'lu's: ifllm pcn
p'c inlriift llm'upi'ciiiling powcr In thc prti(iut,
thiili ihc oll'ccrs whciu Ihc pre.iiilmt iliall i ppuint
iu ilcr thc i onititiilion nml thu h.ws. 'I hu cou.iti
tuticn oflhu I'nilnl r'latcs i.s cxplicit on lliis mh
jeit ; it dic.'arcs, in cii.phclic luiigiiiigc, lliat "nu
ir.nncy hall hc lu ilrnwii ficui thu trcuMiry hut in
ron.i(ii,eiicc ofi'pptcprialioiw iiu ilu hy h.w."
Ilnt this ilocs not Kiliih llm aii-loi'iacy. Tlint
uii'loiriicv wMics, iu ni(!inco of nppropriaiioiis
imulu hv faw, tu taku ull llic pi hiiu ruwntiu out cf
lliu InnVciy oflhu pccplc, nml placu it whciu il
will hc ii.di pci.di ul 1 1' lliu giiu'ii.inrnt, uml tl ctc
forc iii(lc.cnilciil nl'lhu pcoptc, Ves, lliu wirh is
tn Inl. c Ihu leu'iiuos of ihu I'uili il hlnlcs out of
thc jinwcr aml coiilrol oflhu pcoplu oflhu I'nilnl
r-lain, aml placc ihciu, hv u pciiuiucut law, iu thu
ciihtcdy cf (orporiitions, tliat, hy ihcir ciy naliirc.
nrc Ihc ii prcMiilntvcs oflhu iifi.-tncrncv uf wcnllh.
'I Iie iuiici iiiciiru uf this is twofolil, I irt, il giM's
lu llic n.oiiow il iuli ioil. ihioi'L'h lliu lianks. u clu
jicwcr ou o'ery cxcculivu iut ; I'ur llm irrccpoi!M
iilc coipurulions ira ii fuso lu tho I'nilnl Hlnlcs
thc iisu 1 1' llii' piihiic rcM'iiucs. Aml nct, hy la
Mlig llm piihliu I'riiil ulit oflhc fitntnily of olliecrs
direcllj or iudircclly uppoiiikd hy Ihu pcoplc, il nf
uc( eiM'.y ( icnics nu iiii-iociiicy, iiiiu piiiecs uic
1 1 c.i i.r " iu tlm pcrpttuul ouiloilv of coiiiorulious,
Wu olijccl lo n iuiiilincnjs for ifl'u ; hut llii. organ
izalitin nl'lhu Irin-ury iu p'ics u pctpctuily of tiut,
coi icirul on I'oilios w Iiicii, iiiui "ii iiii'v posii sses
no n oral lil'u, woulihcl ut'w r .Iir,' il'it weruuot that
eoi iiujct iiiililiilioli is cs.icnliallv liiortal. 'Ihc
. .1 .'. . r. ... . . ... r .'. .! !.!. .1...
cocei i, ui . i-i , io rrcaic, iu couiicciiou uuu iim
Ircnsurv, n perpctuitv ol'ullirc-hulilcrs, nml lo ncu-
trulizu m.il ilotioj a I'oilioli oflhu executiw powcr
liy legisiatno cnactii.ciits, iu ilncrt Mulaliou ol Ihc
iiitciilioii uf thu roiistiluiioii.
!-'iirli, Ihcii.aro tlm npproprialu forins of ilciunc-
rncv ; au iicMgucti iu givu ireu euursu iu niu pop-
ii i i . ... . i' .. ... .1
illar will.
III. Thu llrst nml nint inaikcd, tho charnclcr-
ilic Tr.Min.vcv of ilcniocrncy, is towurils im
proM'iiicut. Not houiid ilowu hy uxpcricncu, not
saliificd wilh lliu rcsulls oflhu pas, it is rcsllis iu
ils i-iri-L'alc.s iil'tcr I'.dMincciiicnt in frcciluin, in c-
ipiulilj, in l ml lio happincrs, iu lliu widcsl cxleii
sicii o'f ihc licnclils uf eiiliuiioii. It lougs I'or a
hrighlcr nml n hapnicr futurilv. It dncs not hc
licu lliat ihu Icgislutors ofolil liinu havu eslah-ii-lml
laml iiuirks ofi iilialioii nuvcr tuhucurridl
I'crwaril ; on llm ronlrarv, it hclicM's rathcr' llic
lioui.ilailcs ul i nilialion liani hccn cniislantly ud
miiii ing, uml nru ilu.stlucil to hu jct moru widcly
I'.M lillcil.
i-'iicli was lliu fuilh of Jcll'crson, nud his puhlic
lil'c wus iu hariuouy with it. Ilis lirstuct us u leg
isliitnr wns ihu ipK'ssion ofsjiiipalhr fur thc wcak
nml iiio.t upprcsicd iiileinnliil lnr llm frccdoni
of i luiiiriputiiig thu ciiskiM'il Alliirau. Ilis Ijrst
Krcnt nct ui llm Aumricnli Congics, wns to wriiu,
iu lcltcrs uf light, thu ik.w (loclrinc oflhu imlcpcn
ilcucu i.f Aniciica, uml lo cuiiucct wilh that iiulc
pciuh ncu thu grcut idcas oflhu righls of inan.
Ilis piocluination tn tlm world, ou takiug ihc oath
pfolh'rous prcsiilcnl, was, frc(doin of hupiiry, uml
thu powcr oflhu pcopln i lliat is llic right lo dis
((lU'rlrulh' nud to iinl i dy lliat Inilh in lcgislution ;
aml iu his lutust old ngu,hcnulifiil visious of llic
fi.luru .lili llontcil hcforu his cjes, nml uen lo lhu
hoiir iifilcuth, in thu riilni scrcnily lliat springs
from fuilh in huiuiiii progrcss, liu giivc up his spjrit
lo d'oil, from whom il ciuuiiatcil, with thu trampiili
yiugwords, " Now, I.ord, lettest thcn lliy cnanl
di iiait in pi arc."
J his eiiiiitaiil hopu of progruss is ilcmiiinrcd hy
ouroiponcnts ns ilcslriiclixu lo prcscnt in.-lilulioiis,
awurng.iinst thc paM. Iltit iu Irutli, Dcimicrary
i's mit dcstructivu ; ihc inakrs no war on tlm pa-t ;
sliPplnimiunM'tthtow nf lliu prcscnt. Un tlmcon
trary, hu gnrners up aml hcars along with Iut all
tlioiruths that past gciicratinns di.rovcrcil j shu will
not lct !n a siugli: iilca, not onc principlc, nutnnu
truth. Miu liasiin hoiiest lincngu ; lm is, iimlcr
(lud's prnvidciiri', thu lawful ollVpring of ndvimc
icg liuinanitv, nml heclniins tis hcr righlful inhcr
itancu thc gforiou. iuictiliuiis, thc rich iliscnvcries
uf tlm pasl. Hut Dcinorrnuy ilocs unt liku thu II
tjptiaus, cinlialiii thc ilcad ; fho ilocs not hrar n
Inug with hcr ilconycil instilulions, crrorslhat havu
iullirtril un lhctuc'lesll.ciruwiiileuth h!ow. Hiiu
lcavc thi! sclf-tIril conervativu to slnL'gcr aloi.g
uiiilcr thu iirriiiniilati'il siipcr.titiiiiis nud wuting
strurtiitcs of thu p.it rcntiirii's, tu lottcr iimlcr thu
iiiles of (hnrters lliat liaui'.piml, of ( onlraels that
Ii.im! hccn hrokcn ; iind hc hcr.clfkeep on hcr
roursu, haviug for her roinp.niioiis nll Ihc iiohloin
stiliiliiui. w liii h rct iclf-ii.itainiil, iu thcir imu
iutcgiily ; nml for llm gur.rnnty of hcr surccss, ihc
iinlurul'iiiuunrtalitv nf truth, iind thu ucr-nctiu
proiidcnru of (!oif.
I l.now ih.il tlii failh in in.ni'.. ndvaiirrniciit is,
hy iiiany, cslucinud iiuiiary : J know lliat iiiany
o'foiiropl(inriitsassert, lh.it ihuiininensudillirrenn'
hclnccn thu iaorril cln'cs nuil thc tnilcsoiuu chil
dti'ii of Inhor, in thu orderof prnidcncc ; that llm
history oflhu pal, im.'t liow thc largest niinihcr
in a siatn of ieiiornnce nml .iill'criiig, nml nll thu
l.enclils uf c'uiliation thu cvrlus'no cnjmincnt of
thu frw. Tlmnrgmiicnt.ns f.irn it rrcaril. snrirty,
i rcfuteil liy f-irl. Ilncli juar lirs given tn liuiuan
ity new tru'phics, in it. eH'n'rl. to dilliiu thc licncfit.
of fiecdniii. At llii. luniiii nt tlirnucliout our wholc
rniuitry, thu !iighr.t ncliity prrtails in llm puhlir
iuii, il t'o check, on thc oiiu 'riaml, crcrr tcmlrncy
In cAclusiif nr in lcgislalion, nud on Ihc othur, to
ncrl, fur cvcrv rln of cniuiiiiinity, its right lo
llic eipial lictiiiits of our iinliliilioiis.
Hut llic failh in iiihiiucciueiit ailioili of a iiohii
jiiililicalion. It ii'ls on Iho ItiirliLt clrii enls 1 1'
moralily ; i- hli mli d with all lliat i i ohlc iu l.i
inau iiatuic ; i ml, far lioin heiug tlm li.illi offam i
ics nml iionaiit-i, wi! n(iw, ns a part of our dc
liiociulic ciciil, lliat this failh is c cut i;il lo tlu;
ihniaclcr ol'n good prucliciil ilaloiioaii ;llialeii .
truly grcat lcgi.ilutnr is not liuiilcd iu llm uciliiii i i '
his iiiii.il lo expcricnrc, to cxutuplcs, lo tlceidi)
caM'S, ael.i.owlcilgcs thcru is au ipcul which stativ
nml nalioiis il.oulil ilrivc. to rcalic,
To i. ny onc wlm niluiits llic di-linclions of n cr
uls, ihis piopoiilioii is ciipahlc of tlcu.oiiilniliciv
I'olitics, rightly coiiiidcreil, mu u.oiuls iiipliul Ks
puhlic allaiin ; for llic pruvidcucc uf d'od is n.pn n
ccry whcru ; Hu is thu d'od of uatioi , im wclli.-
tho d'od of ii an. Nr.w, thcn, go into ptialc lili .
Vnu.Nii jien, jou who nro tliiviug to huilil up,
for joiiricUi .i a puro fainu, will joii icek in I ln--:u
iii'hkI joii for thu higl) idenl "nf u oral worlli?'
F liii 11 tlm cxi.iiiplc nf ii.cn nroiuid yoii, swujcil lu
nud fro hy Iho pasiions of thc n oinent, Miiind hj
iliiapioinlii cnt, kiiidling wilh cxdtciucnt, iIcIihmiS
hv (loiircs, ucrlhu di-pcs nf thcir r.wn s-u!filiiic. ?
r !i : 1 1 1 ihu cxumplu of hciugs, as iiupcrfcrt as caclv
ii:diiili,al of our incc, (.-im.-til utn thu rulu of eon
iluct? If it wcro n, thurc cnuld hu i.o sucli Ihii:
ih mhh g ullcr iituo ; for no innii is iu hiniiclf ic
I'ciMUiilii aliou of irtiiu ; nn liinu hus rculitd pcr
i'eclion. To I'aliihli.h, ihcn, n rulu of i.,oralil ,.
ih'iliicdl liom llm praclicu of. imlividunl.s, has, i'or
ils in i oyary rccult, iho nhiimloi lucnt of highot'
cxculkiii u,'ni.d Mihslittitii'g for il in perfectcxpcri
(ncu. f-'nch it Mftt'iu woulil ilclroy all moralily
wou'il Mih.-liliilu'liiiiiinn iii.pcrfcitiun fur llm diuiiti
law, thc aeli ul pusiuus of u.ortals for thu hrighL
lliorli iiiirializnl iningo oflhu diiuu mnii, whicli
d'od hus iu p'a iilul in thu hcurt.
'I hu miii.u is truu nf poliiics. I'ollow cxpcricnrii
ui:d jou ii uy ri ui w iuoiiiiri'liv,l'i'iulali.-n,llioiloiiiiii-.
ian nf u fi!lll.-h stDik aritocincv. Yoii neccsaiilj-
iliatc IcgWnlii.ii.hy piopn-icg iu tlm outict to thiipic
it nflcr in pcifect n.oilcls. Dcii.ocrncy.oulhccou
trury, mcIs to riprc.ecnt tn ilielfnii iilcal rcpuli
lic, io.i(.-id cl'nll lliu qnalilics liclonging to thu
Micial icmlitiiiii, iu liaiii.nnv with culi othcr, nud'
cndi i.dnpti (I to ils n.d. It is iiccciary for llur
ilali iii. nu In huic iu his n iwl iho coiicepliou of iu
pirl'ert lcgiiliiliun ; Ihnt hc limv lin.s, hy tho cou,-pnri-cn,
hc C(ii:.-ti:iilly Ii (I tn ilUroxcr cxi-ting tlu
I'cits, iu d In ii.mi', if sluwly Jct cirtr,inly, iu thur
palhs uf in pru( n i lit.
'Ihc iii iiicilintu Itudcnry nf ilcn.ncrntic lcgisln
tiou ii lowards u Iruu nml I'ull dcclarution cf ua
lioiial imli pi mli ncu, a pcilict relii f fioni ihc htX
rcii.uinii g I'omls of llic niil rolmiial s Uni, w' Ir
wiishutii liruiichof iho IuIm uicrraulilu sj. .iu.
'I lu.t fjMt in foui.did r"ii.tiii rcc not 011 rcciprocity,
hut 011 prii'ii;is icc'.iii il hv trcnlv oriufnucd hj
opprciion, li.nkil g ( on nieiec, wliii h hou!d hc 11
p'k'l'c ol'pci'.cc, Ihc fniitl'ul paiditof wnrs. 'Ihis
i ili'in wai ilo iii ii.ii nt 111 ruroprnii polilircs for ;i
ciiilinj-, Our ilccluiiilicii cf ii'ih pciuliuiru wns.
ils ilca'lh warrniit ; nud ihoi'uh it ilill lingcrcd iulo
llm I11111, 1'a Im ller iLMliirv. il mwr could ell'cct 11
icvcrsul of ilMli om. hcn ihou I nitt il Stnli -
licirnn liu ir i iit(iicu us 11 iinlicu, llmtraccsof ihif
fnlso incrcuiililu ly-lem wcrc hrumli d dccply iulo.
llm rodu of ucry llincpcan uiarilium pincr.
'I hc prineipV iiiolnl iu our iry cxi-tince us n,
iintioii, wi perpctiiully coii iiig iu (onllirt willi llm
innny lli-ropcnn i.ht'sos whidi piolri.ih il tlu ii.m'Im sj
into nur pulh, uml nttcii.ptnl lu hlock up our pin
grcs. lnr llic iiiiliuus of lluiopc lo rc(cgiii-u il
colouy n 1111 1 ipial ; I'ur lliu 11 oiiardis iiinlan-lcera-cics
cf Iluropc tu m1ti.it 11 ili u.orralic ri p.iihlic ti
eipial iiillucncu iu ihc iulciprcliitiun uf inlcrnalionak
lnw, implicd i hangcs iu llic l'uii pcaii world us w:l
as ihosu wliieh wcru cHlclcd nur ii 1I1 p. mli ucc it
su'f. riigl.'iud has unt jct lcaintd tn rcpcct our
ri pul Iie 1 hcr cipiul. Tlm taww. cpirit which, iu
ihudaysof Wihingtnn, ilictatnl ils refi.Mil lo siir
lonil.T llie iinrlli--.eilcin pucs in-pires hcr cui 11
scls imw in licr nrrog.uit usurp.itii.iis 011 our mir'.h
calcrn lioiiticr. Aiistoeratic riiglnml has i.ut jit
lcarncil 11 iluc rrspuct liir llm I lehiali l!ipuhiicr
which is fprcnding imr Innguagp fii.ui onu uml ol'lhi!
conliiicnl lo 1 1 11 oilu r. On .icilioiis of iulcriialion
al law, di'inocrucy, ii.--crlii,g cipialily, nud Milui.il
ting M'lf rc-traiucil, to tlm Jiiuilnlioiis of ju.iietv
lcnds towurils cslal.lisliiiig frccdoni ul1 "iiods for
IVee iliips, uml guanliiig a vci.cl ou tlic high scas a
a lloaling colony.
lu liko iiiiiiincr, di inorrnry upholds Aim tiian in
di.flry, i.sm'iIs its imicpcmlcnru. lu 11 1'oriiu r ci n
lury, riig'i-h lcgislnlii.il ilid, us it iore, Ihrhid 11 1 f
Aincri.'aii iiiuiii.f.iclurcs iu uool iiml in irun, ninl
huilt i:p I'liL'li-h indiitrj l.y prohihilory liiws.
lluu'ai.il woulil nt tliut linic iu dcliaucc uf l'ug'ii.c
ciiiupclilii.il, h.nu Micrcdcd in intililit'nrtures. .
'I hcn, whcn thcru was 110 luiill' nl ull, prohihilory
liiws wcru rcipiiicd, tn rcclniin ihu nci'un enler
prisc iif our f.ilhers. 'I hu rouscipicucu nf this rc
Ivranny wus Aiiieiienn imh pcinlancc tail ns n
slrugglu for powcr tn npply Ihesaiou fiilsu sjstrnu
hut ns nn iisscrlion of tlm riuht uf frecduui of 111
li rprisc iiiui iiuli-.t-try. A puwciful p.iriy uinoiig u
has ultciiiptcil lo rcncw thu larill' polii'j uf that o'.l
incrraiilili' sj.luin, n sjstcin which has ncicr uc
cceilcd hut iii ( otiiieelinn wilh thu ihiniiiiiun uf th.T
scus ; 11 sjhteui whi-i, in ils 11M iiitciis'uy, has lie
rnnic in pnssihlu uvury whcru, aml ng,tiiil whidi
llic ciirrcnl of advancing riulizaliiiu is swi'i'piujc
wilh incsi.lil.lu unergv. To t ri.-t llic pro.p'nlj
of luaniifacturcs tn sucli 1111 iiuliimili il lcgisiuliciu
wnuld hu liku huildii.g n liirlrcs on Ihc crgc uf ;i
liliilf, which tlm dccp wntcrs of thu .".iii-i-nppi h; .C
alrcady iiiidcriiiined.
llut thu indiistry of New llnglaml has mit on!j
l.ccu lc.l iutn this iihhI ilaiigcruiis pmiliou of leiiiiio
I'or supporl 011 u llo.'ilinir tiiril)', rcgulalcil hy mircr
laiu majorilics, uml inodilicil h rhangiiig iutiicsi.
it has hccn mailu n ictiiu to tfie I'.ilsc linaucial sjs
Irin iu which wu luiu heronm iuiolicil, nml wlu Ir
Ihu i-i.isinndii: eneruics of lliu wholu whig partv
nru now- siiiiiliioneil to iuaililaiii. I appcal . llur
inniiufartiirics tlicuiclc ; I nsk ouly lo hc hcar.I
lct Iho liiaiiufii lurcrs pionniiiii-c llie crilirt.
rirst, thcn, thu 1. Stati lliuik, cnncentrntiiig
ils iiitlucm: in our largu ri.iiiuierri.il cilicsriiiul .lr.il
ing iiniiicnicly in forcigii hills of uxdiaiii'c, ing;
iilso ils iigeiic'ms in l.omlou nud I'arN, whcrc it im
gntialrd largust lo.ms, wn, hv its vcri- naliiri'. ral
riilalrd tn xiiuiulatu ci'iiiliicrciitl ncliiiiv, uml hj iu
uiipatliicslii Mnlaiu tlm interrs'.s of lorcigii ii.an
iil'iclurcs. Nuxt, tliPKiirptiH ruvi'iiiic. oflhc g.ivernineiit.
iiicrcaicil hv thchigli larill', wcru loamil nnl, rhii f-
ly iu thu iiierranlilu citius, tn iu.porling ineiilianl ;
mi lliat thu ut v ucc's ofdutcs , nrcaioning ficsli
iiiiporliitii.il., ncciiiiiiilatcd cvilsiniku un thu Ali.er
irnii iiiaiiufiirturrr nml on liu 11.1 n I1a.1l, lili thu hij
of ruckoning dicw nuur, to sprcud orrow uml hank
ri.plry througlmiit thu laiid.
Nuxt riiluu lliu iliiitrrou expan.sioii of nur nwii
rnrrcncy. (!ur opponcnls cxlol lliu hcnclits of :v
niixcil e'urrciiry, cudjct ihcy n it nll cl!iirl li
inakc cm'ii tlin'lcnt in'huiiru UumiiJs n li.ixcd rur
rrncy. Yoii in Conncrliciit. wu in .Mnsiachi!ell..
1.110' not n tnixed rutrcnry nf peric nml p."Pcr, I.ut
nn uniuixril riirrcnrj-, rniiipo.cd nf p..pcrulniip.
Spuric h.'s hccn haiiishui! aluioil enlirclv, cxcrpt
for purpuc of liinKitig rliangp. lu i-.iucpucncu.
i liile n liii.lit.imlf. hv iw u n nnturp. u.xcluilci' lh
Aiucrirnn iuauufactiirirs fioui thu fuM-igii inarkcl,
rach proturlixu larill' wns, in urcrsk'ii, rrmlrrcil
iiiiLiilnrv at minu :lornlliu taraii was aimir.ccd.
lliu cuirriicy cxp.imluil, till in tho fcxcr of .pcrul.i
tion aml I'Atrii.asiut prirr. lh.rot rf prodiirtinni
rosu tu sucli a di-gre.', that thu fiircigiiur cuuld puy
m