Spirit of the age. [volume], October 30, 1845, Image 1

About Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913

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IJy CIIAIU.F.S O. UASTMAPT,
, Woodstock, Vt. 5
TIIURSDAY EVENING, 0CT0J3ER 30, 1845.
( Yol. VI-Xo. 285.
Pricc 01,50 iu Advnnco
EUSINESS CAjDS.
O. A. IJIIYANT,
Unlerln nnslhh,Fri!iich, and Amrrlrnn Urj floofm,
W. 1. (i(iocl,aii(lGroccric,
Crockery,(Jlusii and llard Ware.
ElmStreet,
3IET.T.ISII &. ST.ADK, "
URAi.cnaiN fi.our, v. i. fioon.s.vmiounRins,
ALSO CONSTANTI.Y I1N 1IANI),
I'RUITS.CONFKOTIONARY.SUM.MCR DIUN'KSAND
RIIFRF.SIIMHNTS.
cr.NTnt.sTnEUT,oi'i'osiTi;viiiT.M:v'B uoTia,
Om. Mr.Li.imi, ui:u. II. riLAnn.
A. 3IATCII, & H).
Al thc old Stand lattly eceupitd by
j. n. tkiiiou;
DnAMinsiNTi.oiru vv.uioonsAXixiRocr.Riris.
u()Ni'nrri()NAitv,8UMMi:n hrinkh.and
ttnFJlKSHMBNTS.C ONSTA NTl.V ON IIANI).
CENTRAL street. 223
AUUlJSTtJS IIA VKX,
WliolcsalcRiidretaildisalor in V. I. (;oiHM,Tra,l'rultt
Wlnei, .fcc.,nlin,Slnv(!,Fiinilliir(!, A;c.
3d door south iiead or STATE HTHEET,
Montpelier, Vt, 182 ly
RUSSKLL&CI.AUK,
W A T 0 H M A K E lt 8 A N 1) J 13 W H 1. 1, II R S,
orrnsiTE wiiitncy'b mvrr.i., CEvntAi. street,
U. II. HAII.HY,
Manufaclurcr oKllvpr rlpoon uml HpccMelcs nnd Dcnlcr
In Jcweliy, Ctitlerr nnd rmify fioods
W'holoinlij and Rctull, 203
Opppoutell'hilncy'n Jlolel, Ccnlral Street.
IIENRY HATCII,
Onednor south of Union llalt,r.lm Street,
TIN, C OPPKR, AXD 81ir.F.T IRON WDIKtl.
TIIAI.F.S lt, WINN,
tailor,
Samc door with JV. Raudall.
.MICIIAUr. MVEKS,
tailor.
Ovtr J. C ollamer's Office,
F.lm street,
H. W. S.MITII. Tailor,
NEXT DOOR 1IEI.OW MtlCK SVW.R IlOUfn,
Ludlow, VI. 21&
A3IOS W. WA KK V. N ,
DF.M.F.R IN IIOOTS.SHOKS A M) I.F.ATIinit,
Kl kindx ol I.eather for nalo rhr ip. Also, lloulsiind
Slioes oTevery deseiplllna.
LTFiiices Tlilck H(iot8, 45,50 Oulf, egcd,3i rients
bewedliouu lor l,'iiid illntiHT work in propnrtlnn
UbNTRAI. Sl ltEET. 23 Slj'
i). m. ih:vi:y, "
Mtkcrolthr imprnved llnliarl Wonden Fump.
CTTho nliove l'uinpi nre w.irninted tndruw a liarrcl a
n minule with c.isc.uplo a liundredl'cet.
(tTAIInrilirilroin n dUtnncc jiromptl) atleiidc.ltn.
Randolph Vt. 221 tl
WIHTNEY'S HOTKlTi
C orner of Klm a n d Cent ral streets,
il V S. V II I T X K Y,
KAGLi: TH3IPR11ANCU IIOUSE,
li Y L. M. U'OOD,
SOUTH MllF. TIIE 1'ARK. 2CG
ItltlCK STAt.'K IIOUSG,
south smc nLACK niVEn,
nv
JOIIN lt. SMITll
ludlow, vi. 10 1 if
Z. V. TIYI) K,
II I! I C K STA (J I". II 0 u s n.
Prorlnrvilr'j Vt. 2W Om
IIKNRY T. MAKSI1,
Ilouc a vn Pion rAiNTrn, also niai.un i.v cnnuci:s
anii Varmoi or r.vERV nnscRii'i iux.
01! N T H A I, R T 11 r. B T .
V ITT Ai S COT'I'.
I'jlulcrs, nnd dcalrrsln 'lnlrsand CnrriujcH nfallklnda.
CHSTR A t. STRI'.r.T.
JOHUITA SIITCIIF.I.I.,
r A R R I fi C A N I) S 1. 1 I G II - M A K II 11,
Hlflll STREtT. . 116T
CKOIUJH riSHMIl,
5l.inunciirr o) , an:l drnrr in rnbinet fumiture 0
every drscrtption.
I'lciHant Slrcct, 218
1)11. II. lt. I' AIiMV.lt.
Olllceln the llrick lllock oppnsllc Wlillncy'B,
CRXTRI. srREKT.
S. .1. AT.T.KN, 31. I).
PIIYSWIJIM AjYI) SURGEOjV,
Ollirc nppnln WliitniVs llolcl.
AD1.V II. IIAMMO.VI),
TOMSOXIAN' noi'AMO l'R(JTITIONT.R,
Ucuvceu thu Mi'llindist nml Rpiicnpnl Uliurrlic.
-237-II.
LIVP.llY STAIll.K,
11 v a 1. 11 r. r t r a c k r. r .
Caurl itrccl,
COTiT.A3ir.Il Ac II AUUKTT,
Attorncys a 11 il Counsollors a t I. u v,
Klm Street. 183
JacodCoi.i.amhii. J a m ns U a rti t.tt
O. I. CIIANDI.K.It,
Attornoy and C 0 11 n s ol I o r atl.nv,
CrntratStrert, 203
TR.VCV COXVKItSK,
M tlorneys a nd C ou n s cl lor s al Law
Oillrcnver thpIlank.Rlm Street,
L. A. 3IARSII,
ATTOHNEY AND COUNKKLI.OR AT I.AW
Crntrrtl itrrrt.
Il DWIN IITITCIIIXSOX,
ATTORN'I'.Y AND CniTNSF.M.OIl AT LAW,
WOODSTOL'K , VT
' WASIIlUMt X M V U S 1 1 ,
ATTORXCl'S 4 C O H N S P. 1. 1. O R S AT I.AW,
irootlll'tr.Ci
JjrOniPclntlitinomlatclvnrnipkdai llie "Clay Olul)
Ncvvk Itnoni,"
V T.Wisiinur.s,.Uaj(iT In Chanterv.
C.V MAnsil 23311
Nov.21. 1811.
CAT.VIN PUENCII,
Jlltorncy (ind Conmtllor vt Lnw,
pnocTonsvii,i.E, vt. 251
I. W. ItlCITATlDSOX.
Mlorney nnd Counsellor al Law,
WKSTOV, vt. 251.
ritr.or.iucic c. koiuuns
ATTOB NU Y AT L A W .
toniiiw, vt. 157-l.y
tVAItllP.N O. ntKNCII.
ATTOBNn Y A T T. A W,
Mi aron , vt. 235-ly
WAT.KHK ST.AOK,
Jllloincys and Counscltors al Law,
ROYALTON, I'T. 125-tf
R.WALKCR. .w.i.Ann.
rilOrt. IIARTI.r.TT.Jn.,
Altorney,Qouniellor nndSnticitorin Chanctry,
at i.vmion, vr.
rrMtend.tlirSilprrlor Coitrts In lIieconnlp nfCalc
oaln, R(i'(,Orlpaiii' and Wntlilnglnn. 133-tf
IIIJNTON St JONES,
XTTORNKVS AND COUNSi:i.I.0n3 AT I.AW.
Uhelsci, VI.
A. P. Hu.vton, 203 I'. C. Jones.
Jlllorncy nnd Counsellcr al Law,
iiAnNAnn.VT. 115
J. O.. HAWKINS,
Jlttorney and Counsellor al Law,
FF.I.CHVIU,n, VT
91
J. F. DEANE,
Jlllorney and Counsellor at Law,
CAVEND1BH, VT. 105
JAMP.S M. GII.SON,
ATTOUNKY AT I.AW,
chelsea, vt. aiG-Gtn
HICIIAltDsON & NICIIOT.SOK,
Jlllor ney s, and Counse.llors al Law
Chester, WlndmrConnty, VI.
N RlCIIARDiiOW. 86 A. A. NlCHOI.BON.
Sr.WAI.I. FIJIXAM,
ATTO RNEY AT LA II',
LUDLOW, VT. 18-l-lv
II. R. STOITGIITONr
ATTOR A E Y AT LA V.
Chester, Vt. 249
SAMUEI.H.PRICE, "
ATTOR SEV A K D C O U N SE I. I. O R AT LAW,
WIXDSOU.VT. 99 1
IT.OT)c;KTT & AVEYiirOUTII,
AT T O 11 A E Y S A T L A W,
nr, DKTI1EI., VT. 23fi
IC nt,0DnsTT V, K. WEVMOl'TH
MESSAGE.
ooNci.unr.n.
Tlic cslablisliiiipnt of thc asylum, witli
its exccllont systcm of trciitmcnt, wliilo
it lias lmil tlio cfioct of closing thc torriltlo
secrcls of insaniiy, lias glndden thu licarts
of ilic bcncvolcnt, wilh a ronsotiatilc Iiopo
of giving ctrcctual rclicf tn alnrgc portion
oftheinsnnc, and of minisleriiig grontly,
to thc comfort of thosc vlu luivc, hy ltiug
neglcct, liccomo iucurablc. No ohjcct,
propcr for lcgislaiivo aid, inaking a stron
ger appcal to our lihcrality lluin tliis.
Upon cnlcring 011 thc dutics of Com
missioncr of the Dcafnnd Duinb, I dircc
lcd inquirirs to thc Snperiiitcndciit ot thc
Atncriccin Asylum at Hartford, Connecti
cut, for the purposc of obtaining informa
tion, in stindary parliculurs, iu rcgard to
thc past connecliun of tlial iiistitntiou with
thc cdutalion of dcafand diimb pcrsons, at
thc cxpcnse of this Slatc, and rccuivcd, in
rcply, a statomcnt spccifying, agrccably to
my rcqnest, tho iiaincs and rcsidcncc of
pcrsons, supported, in wholc, or in pai t,
by this Statc thc timcs of llicir admis
iion and dischargc, tlio pcriod of llicir in
struction at thc public cxpcnso, and thc a
niount pajd (or cach, by thc Stalc. I
iransmit tho statomcnt, hercwith, lo llic
Ilouscof Rcprescntnlives, for tlio usc of
thc Gcncral Asscmbly. It appcars lliat',
from the year 1SI7, but principally sincc
llic year 1S25, 113 have bccn cdncatcd,
in thc wholc or in part, by this Statc; at
an cxpeiHc, up to thc 1st of May last, of
thc smn of $33,1 1S '5.
I havc mado ordors for the ndmission
inlo thc Asylum ofG. Thc wholc num
ber now in thc Asylum, at thc public chargc
is 20. Of thc appriipriation for this oh
jcct, there has bccn c.xpcnded, during thc
past year, thc sum of 8 1 ,0fi0 0 1 .
The Asylum is undor a vcry compntcnt
anil intclligent Stipcrintcnik'iicy, and is
cvidcntly dcserving llie continued palron
agc of the Statc.
In oxecutioii of my duty as Commis
siorior of the Blind, I havc inatle ordcra
for the atlmission of two blind pcrsoiw into
the New Englnnd Instilution for thc blind
at Bo?ton. The expeiidilurc for the Mip
port of thc blind, during the past year has
becn 81,120.
Iu cxecutiun of thc law of the last scs-
sion providiug for a Geological Survc) of
tho Statc, 1 nppointcd I'rofcssor Clmilcs
B. Adams, of Middlebury, Piiticipnl Ge
'dngist. Mr Adams cntcicd on ihc du-
ties of thc. appointuicnt iu .March last;siucc
which time hc has bcou laboriously cngag
cd, wilh tho aid of .well qualificd assistants
iu prosccutiiig a Gcologicnl and Mincral
ogical survoy of thc Statc. Thc law hav
ing mado it thc duty of the Geologist to
iepr.rt anmially to thc Governor, thc pro
grcss of thc work, ho has made to mo his
first aiinual rcport, which I shall hcrcaftcr
commiiuicaic to botb brauches of thc Gcn
cral Assembly.
Thc labors of the first ycnrofthc survcy
have bccn mainly and appropriatcly dircct
ed to a gcncral rcconnoisance of thc Stnlc
for thc purposc of ifblermining its gcneral
gcological features, iucltidinj' thc limits of
tho bcvcral rock forinatio'i, prcparatory tu
moro minute invcstigations in subsequcnt
years. Ilow well this part of thc survey
has becn performcd, will appcar in thc rc
port of the Geologist whcn subinittcd lo
you. Frcm a hnsty cxamiiiatiou of it, I
have bccn led to believe tli.it it will hp
found, by those compotcni to judge, to fur
nish evidenco that thc proscctition of thc
work, thus far, has well fiilfillod thc pur
posc for which the survcy was ir ttimtcd
Tho rcport will bc found, I think, to con-
tam morc valuablc iufornialion than is us
ually cmbodied in prclimiiinry rcports, cs
pccialiy in tho dcpart.nent uf IiconomicalBcmiilgon Allgllst 1G( 1777... am,
gcology, upon which, on account of its
grcat practical importance, I havc dirr-.ct-ptl
the Gciilogisl lo bestow cspccial atlcn
tion throughoiit thc cutirc survcy.
Thc rcport contains a statcinent of thc
cxpcnsots of the survey, brought down to
the 15th of Scptcmbcr, amoiinting to thc
sum of 8l,!WC 22, and an cslimate to thc
balance ofthc gcological year cnding on
tho first of March ncxt, bcing .?003 a
mounliiig, for the entirc year, to tlio sum
of $1,999 22. It will be sccn that this
sum falls within tho limit of the anniial
appropriation for thc survoy.
In performancc of thc diflicult and rc
sponsiblo duty of appointiiifr a Stnto Gool
ogist, I havc experienccd no little cmbar
rassmcut from the limitcd umoiint of the
annual appropriation of $2,000 an a-
motint considerably bclow that of similar
appropriations in other Statcs, nnd much
bclow llic sum prcviously estimalcd as ncc.
essary for tho survey of this Slatc, an a
mount, however which I havo fclt bound
to make the immoveablc limit of all my
calculations for thc proscctition of thc
work. I havc, thcrcfore, bccn compolled
to restrict tho Geologist and his assistants
to competisatiutis below those usually al
lowed lor such serviccs,' in regard to
which, however, I decm il fortunatc that I
havc bcon ablo to sc.curo, for compcnsa.
tions so inailcquatc, scrviccs so cfliciciit
aud valuablc. I am inclincd to think
that justicc to thosc cngaycd in thc survey
as well ns to the survcy ilsclf, demands
soino adtlitiou to the appropriation, for llii'
scrvicc of tho remaining twoycars,
Thc Geologist will horeafter rcport to
mc, as tho law makcs it his duty to do, nn
cstiina'.c lor tho cxpcnscs of ihoucxt year
which I will transiuit lor the considcralion
of thc Gcncral Assembly.
Thc law aulhorizing thc survcy, makcs
no provision for prcscrving suits uf spcci
mcn3 for.any purposc. Thc prescrvajinn
of a suit to form a Statc cnbinet, bcing
however, obuously indiipcnsiblc, I havc
given ortlers to thc Gcoligist to that clfecl.
I havc reccivcd formnl a'pplications for
suits of spccinu'iis, from Middlebury Col
lego, from thc Mcdical Collcgcs at Wood
stock and Castlolon, nnd from Troy Con
fercncc Acadcmy at il'ouliiicy. The ob
vious importance of hnving collociions ol
spccimons illustraling tho gcology and
mincrology of tho Siate, to form cabincts
in thc institutions, as well as in thc Ver
mont and Norwich Universities, Ins iinluc
cd mc, thongb wilhout aulhority oflaw, to
dircct thc Geologist to mako his collcction
sufiicicnlly lare, to onablc him to furnish
completc sets to all thcsc institutions; iu
regard to which I confidcutly auticipatc the
sanction of the Gcncral Assembly, iu tlio
small addiiional appropriation which may
bc ucccssary to incct ths atlditioual cx.
pcnsc.
I am happy to say that a dccp aud gcn
eral intcrcst has hcrn manifefted by the
pcoplo, iu the survey as it has progresscd
which, il 13 lioped, may be rcgardid as an
carnest of what is to bc cxpcctcd through
its cntiro cotirso. Tho scioncu of gcology
though possessing high practic.il lntcicst,
but little undorstood by the mass of the
pcoplc. I regard it, thcrcfore, as not a
mong thc lcast iniporlant bciicfits of thc
survcy, which the lihcrality of thc Gcncral
Assembly has auihorizcd, that il will awalc
en nmong all classes a more gcncral intcr
cst in thc scicncc, and havc tho cfTcct of
dirccling the aclivc ininds of our pcople
cspccially thc young of botb scxcs to iis
sludy a study so well adaptcd to disr.i
pliu, cxpand and elcvatc the miiid, whilc it
i;ocs forth to investig.itc and admirc tho
useful and mysterious, the heautiful and
sublimc of thc Creator's works.
By a rcsolution ofthc Gcncral Assem
ly, pnssed at the last scssion, it was made
thc duty of thc Governor to rcqucst the
dclivery by thc Gcncral Govcrnmcnt, of
"thc four brass cannon, taken by thc
Green Mountain Boys, from thc British at
Bcnningion, on thc lGth of August 1777,"
aud to causc thc samo whcn reccivcd, to
ho dcpositcd in tho Stato Ilouso. In
obcdioncc to tho roquircment of this rcso
lution, I addrcssed thc Sccrctary ol'War
on thc 21st of January last, rcqusting
thc dolivcry of thc cannon. To this I re
ccivcd a rcply datcd, thc 20th of Fcbrua
ry, saying that, "should the guns rcfcrred
to, bc found iu thc posscssion ofthc othcr
trophics of war ofthc rcvolution, nnd arc
hcld as public property of thc Unitcd
States;" and suggcsting an applicnlion to
Congrcss furan orderfor thoir dclivery.
Iu roply a subsequcnt cominunicaiion
from mc, asking that an cnquiry might bc
mado, for tho purposc of asccilaining the
nurubcr of cannon taken at Bcnningion,
thcn iu thc posscssion ofthc Unitcd Statcs
and thoir location, I reccivcd a lcltci I
from tho Sccrctary of War, covcring thc
rcport from tho Ordnancc dcpartincnt, by
which it appcarcd that ihcrc wcrc, at thc
Unitcd Statcs arscnnl at rashilgton two
brass guns, rcportcd as thrco poundcrs
and inarUcd "talcen Irom tlio ucrmans at
"no othcr trophics cnpturcd on that occa
sion, arc Known to uc m tlic posscssion
of tho "ovcriimcnt." Copics of this cor-
rcspondcncc, numbcrcd from 1 to 5 in
clusivc, arc hercwith cotnmunicatcd to
cach branch of thc Gcneral Assembly.
An applicnlion to Congrcss bcing thus
rcndorcd ucccssary, I rccomnicnded such
furihur action as shall bo dcctncd ap
propriatc to afl'ect thc applicalinn, nnd
rcudcr it availablc.
The ncccssity of inorc cfTcclual provis
ion for prcvcnting thc cvils resulting from
thc practicc of tuking uulnwful intcrcst,
iuduccs mo agnin to invilc to it thc attcn
tion of thoGcnoral Asscnibly,
Our laws havc long prohibited tho tuk
ing of intcrcst nbovu tho rato of six pcr
ccntuni pcr nnnum. All thc rcasons
which havc iiiduccd thc cnactmcnt itiul
continuancc ofthc prohibitntion, obvious-
ly urgc us cniorcemeni. inucou it is
urgcd by tho addiiional considcrntion that
habituul impunity to thc violation of nny
law, tcnds, to wcakcn tho force of nll
law.
If thc law is to rcmain on tho stnluto
book, it should not bc lcft without ado-
quato provision for its onforcDmont. No
such provision now exists. Tho only
rcmcdy is by nn action for moncy had
aud reccivcd, or goods sold and dclivcrcd
for tho rccovory of thc intcrcst reccivcd
unlnwfully, to ho sustnincd by common
law cvidcncc of its paymont a proccss
which cxporionco has abtindnnlly showu
can vcry rarcly bo mado availablo. To
loavo thc cnforconicrit of so important n
right to tho chanco tliscovcry oftcstimony
to a transaction, which, from ils vcry na
ttiro, is guardcd wilh thu profmindcst so-
crccy, is but a mockcry of justicc.
I submit whcthor somo provision should
not bo mado, which shall givc a remedy,
bettcrsuitcd lo tlio naturc oftho case a
rcmcdy which shall find its mcans of on
forcctncnt in an appcal, in somo fortn.to
thc conscicnco of tho rcccivcr of unlanful
intcrcst.
Our conneclion with thc Fedcral Union
whoac powcr rcnchcs, and dccply afi'ccts,
our iutcrcsts, malccs it our right aud our
c'nly, frcquently to rcvicw its lcgislation,
and subjccts ils policy, lo prcsent and
prospcclive, to cxninination. This duty
has ncvcr bccn moro impcrativc than at
thc prcscul momcrit, not only on account
of thc grcat iniporlanco of tho qucstions
in issucs bcforc tho country, but from thc
considcralion ofthc obvious and incroas
ingtcndency to a courso of Fcderal ad
ininistralion, wholly partizan in its char
actcr, nnd so bcnt on scciiring scctional
asccndcncy, or miiiisloring- to purposes of
poluical ambilion, ns to loosc sight, too
oftcn, of thc just limits of constttutional
powcr.
Sinco thc last scs3ion of thc Gcncral
Asscnibly, an important stcp has bccn!
taken towards thc nnncxntion of a forcign
govcrnmcnt to our confedcrac-. This
has bccn donc by the adoption of a joint
rcsoluuon of Congrcss, dcclaringits con
scnt that "tho tcrritory propcrly includcd
in, and rightfully bclonging to, llic rc
public of Tcxas may bc crcctcd inlo a
new Stato, in ordcr that thc samc may
bc admitted as onc of the Statcs of this
Union." This consont is dcclarcd to bc
given on thc condition that thc conslitu
tion to bo formcd by thc pcoplc of Tcxas
shall bo trausmiltcd to tho Prcsidcnt of
thc Unitcd Statcs "to bc laid bcforc con
grcss for its fiual action, on or bcforc thc
first of January" ncxt, and with a provis
ion, atnong othcrs, that "new Statcs of
convcnicnt sizo, and having suflicient
populaiiou may by thc consont of said
Statc, bc formcd out of tho tcrritory
thorcof, and cntitlcd to ndmission undcr
thc provisions of tlio Fcderal Coiibtitu
tion." To this rcsolution thcre was added an
othcr, to the effcct that if the Prcsidcnt1
should decm it most ndvisablc, instead of
su bimttiiijr thc forcgoitifj rcsulution to tho
llcpublic of Tcxas, as an overturc for
admission might bo eficctcd, cither by
trealy, lo be subrnittud to thc Scnato,
or byarticles to bc subinittcd to thc two
Houscs of Congrcss, as thc President
might dircct.
Upon llic passagc of thcsc rcsolution?,
ihe Prcsidcnt procecdcd to nct upon thc
first, and ibrlhwiih subinittcd it to Toxns,
as an overturc for its admission. Upon
tho rcceipt of ihc overturc, a convcntion
was called, which has formcd a constitution
which has been submittcd to thc pcoplc of
Tcxas for thoir action on ihe I3ih oT thc
prescut month. It will probably bc rati
licd; aud submittcd to the Congrcss of tho
Uuited Statos at its ncxt scssion, for thc
ipproval, which is an indispcnsablc pre-
requisiic to admission iuto llie Union.
Tho qucslion of anncxation, bcing thus
an opcn quostion, thc States may, with a
vicw to ils fiual dccisiou, as well as in
rcfercucc to llicir duly, upon a possiblc
consumation of ihcmcasurc, propcrly sub-
joct it to thc ordcal of scvcro scrutiny. 1
decm, llicreforo, no apology ucccssary for
iuviliiigto it your particular attcntion, nor
for the cxprcssioii ol my conviction that
Vermont should firinly resist cvcry ad-
auco towards tho consumation of a ineas-
ure, so utloily subvcrsivc of hcr rights as
a menibcr ofthc cxisting Confcdcracy.
This mcditntcd invasion of our rights
is not to bc rcgardetl, or treatcd, as an or-
dinary violation ol thc Constitution, for
which ihcrc may bc a coiistitutioual rcm
cdy iu the intcrpositiouof tho judicial pow
cr. No judicial powcr can rfl'ccttinllti
rcach thc casc. Lct llic dccd bo ilone
tlio forcign Slatc admitted, and its Scna
tors nnd Itepreseuiativcs bc actually iu
Congrcss, aud practically, a dcscison of
thc Siipromc Court would bc powcrlcss
Thc truth is, ihc mcasnrc is fssential
ly revolutionary. Il is a fraud upon the
Constitution, nnd uttorly subvcrsivc of it
chnnging esscntially, our domcsiic Fcd
eral rclations, and crealing a new union,
of which thc prcsent Constitution, nor nui
tual cnnfidcncc will constitutu thc uond; a
union whosc only bor.d will bc, tho apprc
hcndcd cvils of actual separalion, sinco it
is impossiblo that confidcncr or allcctiou
can exist wherc ihcrc is an nbidiug sonsc
of fiagrant iujusticc nnd usurpation.
Much has bccn said in regard to thc
"compromiscs ofthc CotiJtitution" in fa-
vor of Slavery; and scnsitivc arc ihc South
on this subjcct so lonacious ofihc cou
ce.s.sions wrung from thc Norlh, ns thc
prico oftho Union, that thc barc propnsal,
by tho lcgis'aturc of Massachusctts, to a
nicnd ihc Constitution, by abolishing thc
slavc reprcsontatioii in Congrcss, has bccn
dcnounccd ns little lcss than trcason lo
thc Uniun. But this vcry coinpromise
carries wilh it an irresistablc nrgu
inent against tho mcasuro ol unncxa
tion. A slight considcrntion of ihc subjcct
will reutlcr it appnrcnt, that thc comproin-
iso scciiring a slavc rcpresciitatioii, musi
have had rcforcnco to a union within thc
thcn limits of thu Unitcd States, bccausc
it conccrncd a scctional intcrcst, tho nd-
justment of which, in thc compr'omisc,
tntist neccssarily, havc had rcspcct to dcf
initc tcrrilorial limits othciwiso thc bal
ancc miht bc dcstroycd, and tho coin
promise practically millificd, by the addi
tion of forcign slavc intcrcst an unlooked
for pcrinancnt propoiidcrancc in ihc Un
ion. Aud such nuUificatioti will bo thc cfl'cct
of consumating thc mcasurc ofannexation.
Thc coinprouiiscs touching thc qiristion
of slavery will bc at an cnd as clcarly so as
would be onc of two dcpcndent and rccipro
cal obligations bctwcen iudividuals, whcro
the other had bcen violatcd.
Thc Irulh is, that, atthc time of sccur
ing ihe grcat and fntnl conccssion of the
slavc rcprcscntation by whosc votcs in
Congrcss almost cvcry qiicstion aficcling
the rclativc iutcrcsts of thc slavc and non
slavchohling Statcs, incltiding the qiicstion
of antiixation.has bcen decidcd.no lliought
was any whcro entertaincd, of cxteiiding
tho bounds of slavery beyond ihc thcn lim
its ofthc Unitcd Stalcs. It was, on thc
contrary, the univcrsal expectalion that
slavery would declinc, and at no distant
pcriod, coasc to mar our Fedcral Uuion.
Itwasinthc spirit of this nnticipalinn
that it was dcclarcd, in tlic arliclcs of
compact ciubodied in tho celebratcd Or
dinancc of Connrcss of 'S7 for thc govcrn
incnt ofthc Territory North West of the
llivcr Ohio which passcd with but onc
dissonling vote that "thcrc shall bc nci
tlior slavery nor involtintary serritudc.
thcrcin, nihcrwisc than iu punishment for
crimcs." And that still more strkingly
cvinccs llis spirit of thosc timcs, and thc
truc bcaring of that ordinancc in rcspcct
to slavery, thc prcnmbles to thc arliclcs of
compact dcclarcd, that ihcy wcre ordained
"for cxtcnding thc fuiidnmcnl.il principles
of civil antl religinus hbcrty which form
tho basis whcreon thcsc rcpublics, their
laws and cotistitulions aro crcctcd.
If it had bcen asscrted in tho Convcn
tion that formcd thc Oonstiiution, that,
undcr thc clnuse dcclaring ih.it "new
Stalcs may bc admitted by thc Congrcss
iuto this Uuion," forcign slavc Statcs
might and would coinc in, it is vcry mani
fest that thc clausc would not havc becn
adoptcd without au ex-press negaiion of
such a conslruction much morc, that a
provision for thc rcprcscntation of thrce
fifihs of thc slavc population uould not
hayc bccn pcrmittcd a placc iu llic Con
stitution; Thc fact tlfat such n provison
was mado is, thcrcfore, conclusivc evi
denco that the admission into tho Union of
forcign slavc Stalcs undcr thc Constitu
tion, cnlcrcd iuto no ouo's conccptions
nnd uould havc becn cxprcssly guardcd
against, if suggcsted from any quarlcr.
It lollows that cvcry asscrtion by thc
South nfthe sacrcdncss of thc slavc rcprc.
scntation comiromisc is an arguiuent oui
of its owu mouth, that (ho introductiou of
(oreign slavc States iuto tlic Union is, il-
sclfa violation of thc compromiscs of thc
Constuulion. And it furlhermorefollowsj
that such introductiou of forcign slavc
Slates, in cfl'cct discharges thc Norlh from
its obligation of conliiiuancc of tho slavc
rcprescutatioii a represcnlation sufiicic nl
ly onerous whcn confined to thc Consli
tulional Union, but intolcrablo whcn cx
tcnded to a ncio Union, fornied by thc in
troduclion of forcign sbvc Statcs, (or thc
purposc of pcrpctunting Ihc doniiuion of
the slavc powcr. I.ct the South cithcr rc
linqnish thc unrightcous advanlagc of the
slavc rcp'cscntatinn, nr censc to prcss for
tho adtnission of forcign slavc States. To
claim botb is an aggravatiou of injustice,
eqtiallcd o'tly by that of tho sysiem foi
whosc supporl and continuancc it is pcrpc
tratcd. Ktpially unjust and absurd is it lo claim
an cxecutiun of thc constitutional stipula-
lions for thc surrcndcr of fugilives from
oppression, and for protcction against do-
incstic violcncc, whilc thc riglt is claimcd
antl excrciscd, to nugincnt and pcrpctuntc,
indefinitely, thc burden of thcsc obliga
tions, by thc aniicxntioii of forcign slnvc
Statcs to thc Union.
Slavery, morcovcr, is nn ulcment of
weakncss, inviting invasion, which thr.
Constitution biuds ihc nation to rcpcl, iu
whatovcr qusrlcr it may thrcatcn. Ilow
long, nnd to what cxtcnt this obligation it
to bc biuding, mny hcrcaftcr becouic a
quostion. 1'ho ndvocatcs of anncxation
would do well now, to considcr il; as tbcy
would also, thc qucslion; to what cxtcnt
'thcro shall bo maiutaiucd, at an cuormous
expcnsc, a navy to prcvcut thc coastwiso
slavc trado, drftiucd to ncquirc utnvoutud
activity undcr iinncxaiion policy.
To thcsc rnnUvcs for resisting thc con
sumation 'oftho thrcatcnt d niensure, mst
bo addcd its injustice to Mcxico, and thc
disgraco of pcrpetrnling it, bccausc shc ni
unablc to resist. Andto renricr this in
jusiicc thc morc fiagrant, and thc grap
ingspirit in which thc wholc nnncxaiicn
movcmcnt originatcd, and has becn con
ductcd, thc moro manifcjt, it would now
sccm that tho F.xecutivc i? pushing a
claim to tcrritory as a part of Tcxas, clcar
ly beyond any limits evcr assigncd to tho
dcpartmcnt of that namc, aud not cvc n m
posscssion of iho goicriimcnt to whom the
overturc for anncxation has been made.
Thc impotenco of Mcxico may be to
us nn cfTcctual protcction. Wo arc prob
ably sak from ihc injury hcr scusc of
wrong may proinpt hcr to inllict. But
who shall piotcct us from thc jutt judg
mont of au impartial world, or blot thc
stuin of injustice from thc pagcs of our
counlry's history.
Iu refercncc lo thc posilion sotnctin rs
taken, that ihc action already had upon
tho subjcct of anncxation, concludcs us
from furlhcr opposition to tlic measurc, it
is suluoient to say, that no right can bo
coucltidod by any action, of that lcgisla
tion undcr which thc overturc to Tcxas
has bceu made. It is an attcmpt to anncx
by joint rcsolution ol Congrcss tho un
constitutionality of which was so appnrcnt,
that it bccame ncccssaryjo conucct with
it an akernativc rcsolution, providing for
anncxation by trcaty. It was by thc un
ion of such an alterr.alive, that conscicn
tious scrupies as lo anncxation by j.unt
j resolution was quictcd, though ihc ailor
nntivc lclt iu the powcr ol thc Prcsidcnt
to givc effcct, ns hc has donc, to ihc jomt
rcsolution Ilsclf, and ihus do thc vcry
thing which thosc scrupies would not al
low could bc donc.
Woliavc, thus, n double violation oftl.e
Consiilution; to which must be addcd, tho
fact that llic Prcsidcnt elect mado Ins ap
pearancc at ihc sccnc of action and turncd
thc trcmbling sc.ilc, by throwing iuto it
tho wcight of his incoining olficial patron
agc. Shall such an act.carricd by suchmcaiis,
havo the effcct in this fice cotintry( t-f
concluding and silcncing opposition to an
unconsuuimated mcasurc? I.ct thc ?pir:t
of frcc, intclligent aud uusubdued Vcimcnt
auswer.
And whcro will Vermont soon Lc, if
thc policy of forcign nniicxalion is to prc
vail, and bcconio thc sctllcd policy of thc
country? Sho will bc in thc condition of
an nppendagc of .i vast sluvc cmpirc, cm
bracing, not Tcxas only, but California
.and linally cvcry part of Mcxico all of
which -will bo ovorrun by slavc-holdcrs,
who will in duo time, dcclarc indcpcnd
cnco, nnd claim and obtain admission iu
to the Union.
But nnnoxntioii may bo consumatcd!
Slacry may tiiumph. It may sccurc a
majority in thc Scnutc ofthcUnited Statcs
It may annul thc compromiscs ofthc Con
stitution, nnd dcstroy thc bond that holds
thcsc Statcs togothcr. What tlieu shall
Vermont do? What it will bc hcr ri7if
to do, admits of no qucslion. If from a
regard to pcacc, sho shall forbcar to cxcr
cise hcr right it should bc wilh a soloinn
dcclaralion to the Union nnd the world,
that shc thercby ncknowlcdges no right
ofannexation, antl forbcars from no di.
minishcd conviction that it will subvcrt
the Constitution, nnd csccntially dcstroy
thc Union of which it is tho bond, nnd
that sho rcscrves tho right ofsuch futuro
action, ns circumstnnccs may suggett.
But, in thc cvcnt of aiiucxalion, thcrc
will rcmain a grcat practical duly for us
to pcrform. It will be, to go to thc vcry
vcrge olour constiiuuonal powcr to cfTcct
llie abolition of slavery, ns ihc clucf ovil
in our country, nnd thc grcat crimc of our
ngc." Slavery will, by anncxalioii, havo
bcen taken undcr thc special prclcction of
thc natiunal govcrnmct aud made iu ihc
highcst sciicc, a uationn! instilution; aud,
ihoiice w ill bccomc a lcading nnd controll
iug clcmcnt in tho Uuion. It will ihcn
bc sccn in a strougcr aud clcarcr light
ihan it cvor had bcen. Thc succcss of
anncxniion w ill havc signally illustrntcd
its charactcr: uud thc time is not distant,
whcn it will Lc ablo no longcr to adjust
its iiifliicncc in the scnlc of parties, so as
lo mnintain its asccndcncy by Northeru
co-opcration; for tho North will havo
lcarncd tho indispcnsablo ncccssity of un
ion in ordcr to roll back thc tidcs of u-
surpations, and so clinnge thc policy
oftho govcriimciit that it shall ccasc to
makc tho snpport of slavery an object of
spccinl and pnramount regard. If thc
North, for tho sake of pcaco shall submit
lo anncxation, tho South tntist submit to
thc lcgitimate and incvitablo conscqucn-