Spirit of the age. [volume], March 23, 1848, Image 1

About Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913

Image provided by: University of Vermont

                
BY E. M. BltOWN.
"Prccilom of Inquiry aiid tlie rofcr of tlic PcoiIc,"
$1,50 PEUANNUM.
Volumc 9-NumI)cr 19.
WOODSTOCK, VERMONT, TIIUJiSDAY, MARCI1 l3, 1848.
WJiolc Niiinhcr '110.
J3USINESS CA11DS.
BA11RETT & CUMAIINGS,
COUNSELORS AT LA W,
No. 20 Uourt Sircet.
JtMts Uxmiett, Conimlnsloner for
Vl., lo lukc Drponllions, &c,
Cvaus Cumminqs, 401-lf.
BOSTOX,
MA3S.
LUTIIEIl H. GUKltXSliY,
C O UA'S E L L 0 II AT LA W ,
No. 37 Massucluinctls Illock, Uourt Squarr,
IIOSTON.
Comniiilonerfor Masimchiisetli, to admlnliter Oaihn,
iaae iiepo"iuon, Ainuaviis, Ul ACknoulci!;melll 01
Uecua or other Iiintruinentn, lo bc uaed or re-
corJcJ in Ihe Slale of Vermont. 40C (iin
O. I'.CllAXni.Klt.
tiornov nnd uounia or at l.iv
uentralSlrttl. ZP7
SAMUEL II. I'KICIJ.
.4 2 T 0 R JV E Y A T L A XV.
a n n
WIXDSOK.VT. 287
UOWIN IllJTCIIINSON,
Altorney and Countclor at law,
WOu DSTOUK.VT.
SEWALI. PUM.AAI,
ATTO R XE Y AT LA XV,
ludlow, vt. 287
U. ii. stoTtwiiton,
A TTORA.E Y AT LA XV.
Chester, Xrt, 287
WARREN C. FRENCII.
ATTOttS 13 Y A T L A W,
kHAROK, VT. 287
S. R.STKEETER,
Altorney and Counselor at Law,
harnard.vt. 287
FREDERICKC. ROIJMNS,
Allornty and Counselor at Law,
ludlow, vr. 287
1). I WEYAIOUTH,
ui:tiii;i,, vt. sotii
J. Q. II.UVKINS,
ATTORNEY & U0U.VSELI.0R AT !.AW,
Felchvilte, Windsor Co., Vt. 397-ly
AT.ANSON DYEIl,
AI.SO cinulEK (IV TIIE
IKill ZltliVU UU&IA I II c .'I .1.1 u A-. w-
TUIIEOF IIOOTS ANI) SIIOKS;
OF EVGHY VAUir.TV AND dTYI.C,
East llutland, Vt. 301
J. T.ItUKNIIA M ,
U N I O N II O T E I. .
Monwicii.VT. 318 tt
V H I T N B Y s
II O T E j .
rntrof Elmaud C e ntr a l S t r e et i
J. II. SIJIONDS,
WINDSOR HOIISE,
WINDSOR, VT. 287.
SAMUKL FOIM),
U II ES II I II E IIO U S E.
KEEUE. .V. II.
mtj
J. MORR1I.L, JR.,
V 1LLAG E TAVERjY.
SHARON, VT. 318
IJ. F. mCKINSON,
XVASHLYOTOA' UALL,
CHELSEA, Vt.
3Jf.
JOI1N GASS,
A M u i a a -v n o us E ,
CONCORD, n. it.
io ana from ineurpot. oio
OF.OUGK MKIil.ISII.
At,ER IX FI.OUR.' W.I.OOOI)S.tailOCCniES
ALIOCMIVHTANTt.VON IIANn.
ui;i'1ilsii.mi;;Ms.
CRVTn4r.1TnEr.T.OPr09ITtWlllTNCY'HtOTEL.
A. TIATCII, & ( O
; o N f n uTi o . a ii y ,su.Minn iihinks.akd
I'ftE!jiIMENTS,UON!3TA.Vri. y Ofi UANU.
CKNTRAL STKF.ET. 287
II U S S K 1. 1. A- V LAIiKi
K T C II M A i tt II S A N l J U W L I, i; II H,
OrrOIITE WMITNCV's IIOTCL.CCNTIIAL ITnEKT.
H. II. 1JAII.I3Y.
. J IJ I.. rt .1 Tl 1
in J wolry, l.ntlerv anii i nncy hoous-
Whnlrnnle nml Uelllll. 287
IlliVANTA SI.ADF-,
..... t -ii ... i. 1. .-.I . mrlfnn I)r UOOII I
W. I. Gooa,aiiiliirortnp,
Crockery ,(llnik aml Ilnrd Wart.
ElmStrtet,
S II. fJIIUKCIIILL.
J tl,... U..!Ur nvtr f!fO. S. 7)at'l
IIUL.lriu. "
wnr.nLWRiaiiT snor.
Voodstocl(, Vt. -toe.ly.
IIENRY IIATCH.
nnnlnortouthof Unionllall.F.lm Strett-
IN.COrPbll. w u s ii r. i i " "
. ... .. n n u .n nu R t.
Hlllilj II. WITT,
FA SIl l OXA li L E TAlLOR,
CENTRAI. STREET. iO'J
MICIIAKI. M VKIIS,
T A I I. O R.
ver Collame r tf II r re 1 1 ' i Otfice,
nim sirfft,
jr v,l vt m:
Plennant Sirtet 287
AI)I II. hTmmoxi),
TOM30NIAN Itor.VNMC l'RACTITION EH,
Uctwecn tlie JIetlioilUianilnplopa'.CImrch.
t. i ninifTnv.
. I ! T. t T. .. ..nrtd T?Allv
meel. 1'i.iuln iiikI tilli, rinur, Ball, rianrr, uiinim,
tn v..n m ..... niui .m
rcuiucr, i in wc. nuii-i i.i..n-.i
countiiv ruoDwun,
J9I. 5, 6. AND 7, TIIMTINC DUILOIKO,
Ilunovor, N. II.
w....rm'r. rJl IIMSIIIir1V1 ..min...
UOIIcil.l.v . -
lcii witn tne nnove
TEET1I FILLED WITH FINE G0LD
i tlie innat nermnie nt manner, fnr f2 1.2 ccnti.
i iiio ii. . I .ri.-M.Vl' II IVKKIITIin
nme luiura ronis ior ci,"u c'm
KX'l'HA C I I X TBKTII
li" I I'll Ci( mi "
TRBTII OX OMl I'T.ATE,
.iniiitcuireii iu ine lilnHl Rlt-ullt mnniicr, wtiiininru ...
I.hihi tlliMlriH'ril liy any ollier eBlniili-lnnt-iu in nm
art af'i let (Ui snll, Irnm $1 o$ prr loolti. MatrtlaN
f llic piirest qnulily attvii) n iiie.l.
Tlie nuli-icrllier m.iy lie fniiinl ccununlly nt home exrfpl
mlnc-H, or miikln; aiipolntiiii-iiii will lir Immeiliately
WooJtnck, Feb. 13, 1613. 105 II Htnliil
rtut refflveil at llrynnt i rilac!e' n deiterlot nl Sperm
Oll llian rau be foiiiiJ at any other atore In Inwn.
Marcli 1, 1817. -1117 ir.
9IFDICAL NOTICKl
DOCT. S. J. ALLEN
. -1 i i . t I i M. t - n I .. . . ir. I
uuiuanj luilltJlllliUilIHirii.iiiiiiv ninuu nivai nii;
In renucr
EDICAL OR SURGICAL
All) TO Al.l.
iiiiimi i prcacnt nt Mra. i.i MAiva.
NOTICE! .
rllK auhacriher xvmhei nll ihnio that havs unacllled
accnunt-t with hlm to acitlt the aaine, he la ahoul
icavo ino inn ii. v. J.ui.fl.
ntrnsrd, March II, W1. lf-9 3,,
Actiimiil Kcsolntions pii(..sc(l ntrtlic FitstScs
sion of thc Tliirtie lli CoiiKros.
I'udlic No. II.
AN ACTiuppIementary to tlie art enlllleil "An ar.t to
rctulale Ihe exeroiie of tlie oppellaic Juri-Jictlon ol Ihe
tsupreme unurt in ceriain caei nml otner piirpo-ies."
lltittnactedby (he Senali antt Hvuiccf lltprtienla
Ihtsoflne Unitrd Statts of Amtriea in Concattii A
lemblcJ, That all mul nlnjular tlie provlslnni (f Ihe act
eniiueii "An uct to recu uie ihe rrrc sc or tne nnne laie
Jurlxllctlon ofihe Supreino C'ourt In ecrlaln catei, uml
lor oiner pnrpotci," npproveii f euruarjr twi-ntj-seconi,
eiguicen nunureu onu luriy-ncvtn, in wlHCM tiua la a biip
Iilenicnl ao f.irannay lie.nhall be onj thcv are heribv
inaile applicahle lo all cnsca which nrro pc-nJln; In I he
Supreme courl or olhrr luperior rourt ofanJ lor ihe Inlr
lerntnry oi lowa at uir iime nain rcrrllnry waa oilinllteil
Inlo Ihe Unlon aa a Sl.He aml tn nll enicn in whlrh liiilir.
inenla or ilecrcta liavebeen iciiilernl In ajld aupreme nr
nuprnur rourt rn ine ani laieierrnnry oi inw.i, nml not
hllherlo removed aa afnrcbabl by writ ofcrrcr or appeal.
Section 2. And bc it furthtr tnactld, Tlmt all and
ln;illar Ihe prn Uioiin ol Ihe aald act tn whlcli thlalan
mipplenifnt,Bo Ur ai maj be,.hall bcand Ihey hrrrhy are
iiiaue npinicnuie loiui r.icH Miicn in u y be priiillni In thc
nupreme or olher auperlor conil iifiind for any Irrrilorj
(ii ine I imrii siuici imiicii m.iy ncrraiier lie aiimiltcu 11
n Stale Inlo Ihe Unlon nt the tlmt ol'iu ndnil.alon.and lo
all cai.es In nhlcli JiidzmentJ or dcrrrea ihall liavc licen
rendrred In aurh upreine or tuprrior cnurt at tlie tlnie of
aucn nuinisiion,aiiu uot prtvioutiy remotcd by wrlloler
rororappral. aicTio.v 3. And lie xt furthtr tnaclrd, That all t ann,
(ogelher ulth all nrocc.s. rtconln. onlern. Imlemrnli. ilc.
crcni, nml irocerdins of fnleral chnmcter or jiiriadlclioii,
aml not lefally tran.ierred lo thoSlate conrlaot Iheriiale
nriona,irndlng prlr.r loandal llic ilnicofihe admlmlon
oflhe kalil Sinlc oflowa Inlo Ihe Unlon, In the ilUiricl or
supreme conrla of theaaid Teirllory of lona, nro hereky
(raniilerred to the disirlcl conrt of Ihe Uiulcil Siatea lor
the illalrirt oflowa: and it khall be the iluty of Iho renpec
tive rlerksol Iheaabl rourta oflhe ni.l Trrritoryol loua,
or their Riicfeisora In olllcc, wlih whoni tlie rcconU aml
irocecimi:s ol ahl Ciini may be found. unon uni) icat on
liy any perion or perons Inicrercnted ilioTin, lo male
and crrlify n full and complele cnpy oflhe recorJa Ihercol
und iransinlt Ihename, ln;ether wiih all iheorljlnal prn
ra, pleaillnsi, aml oihcr papcra Hlid In xurli caac or
raaea, aml uliich may be rcmovcd wiihont niutllatliij; Ihe
reconla ofMiil courii. In ihe clerk of Ihe said ilisirlrt
conrt oflhe United Slatci; aml wlicn the aald rerordii,
nanera. aml prorredin Miall be llnn cerl Hed tn the !d
lant mcntluned court, ilajurlMlirtlon ahill bc dermcil .n
full aml eotnplrtexa that ofthe court In ulilrh the anlJ
rinie onjliintfd, had bren prlnr tn ihc snl.l ndmlasion nl
Ihe Slate ol lowa, or as II IHe ald cmp hail brin nrii'ill-
nlly inatlluteJ tu ajd dl'lrirt court oflhe Unltt-d SlJtn.
IfUiJT. U. WIN I'llKOr,
Spoakor of tlio Hiue of Hcprcsuntaliv cs.
G. AI. OALLAS,
l'rcsident of thc Scnate.
ArrROVSD Febtuarj- 22, 1813.
JAA1KS K. I'OI.K.
rPunLic No. 12.1
AN ACT to prnvhle ndiliilninl quirters near tn New Or-
icana, lor uiinc.i aiuii-i iniiiiera and voiunlerra, ri-lurn-
ed from or soln; tn ihe M-.it of wnr In Mcxlco.
Bc it rnnttcdby the Stnate and Ihusc of Itmreienla
tirtt ofthf Unitid itates of Amtriea in Congms nt
itmbM, Tli.it, from ihe npproprlallon of flve" liimdicd
thoii.anci iioiiara "lor proMdin; fur Ihe comlort of i ia-
chargtd nolilieri who iua be lnmled :it New Oileana, or
other placci wllhln the Itnlled Alalea ao diinhlcil Ii) ili.
ense, or oy hoiiiioi reri-ivcu in niecrMre,n to be unnulr
toproceed tn ihelr bomc4, aml for forwanlin ileatllule
inldiera in Ihelr liouim," eont.iliicd In an act niaMiig ap
proprlHllnni lor Ihe mipport nfthe nriny, and Toliinlc-ra
ror tlie ycar t ndln? thlriicih .Inne, eiahicen hiindn-il .nnl
lorly-clahl, and lor olher pnrpoica, approvcd keroml
March, eishleen hundrril and fnrtyievcn; the Secrelary ol
War be, and he In hertby, auihorlzed to applv n suni not
etrredlng one hundrrd Ihoumml dollarH, lo Iho ererllon,
at nr ncarilie llnileil Slnlfs harrntU.hrinw NewOrlean-i
nf wnn.Un kA.pilMl, oi.mlil.n.lirill. wllU lllu lrolHlll.
wania oflhe icrvlce, aln nt icinpnr.iry qinrieri lor the
acconinicdalion of Unilcd Slates Iroopa ai il xolunleers
durinallie'r pro cr ilclenllon at that po-it, whcn gnlng lo
or reiurnln; from .Mcxlco; and lor ihe purchare of nd.li
tlonnl sroiind, If nny khnll be neccksarv lo exrcutt ail.
vainajfoinly Ihe objrrls henin i-pccilled.
ArrnovEU I ebruury iqle.
Puni.ic No. 13.
ANACTto aulhoruetlie Inauinir ol a rrsiter or enrol-
ment In iho nhnoncr Iloberl llrnry.
lf il rnnctcd btt the Srnatt. and llousrof Ilepreseutn-
tive of th Unittd Statts nf Amcrisa in Conzrisi at-
sembltd, That there be Ijsued, uiider Ihe directlon f the
Secrelary ol Ihe Trensury, n reelslcr or enroliiicntfi'r tne
ichnoner Koberl llenry. fornierlv a llrillnh vektel. but
now ownen ny jonn i'. naiiiwin, n ciiuen ortne tinie oi
l-lornia aml iiicii aam vessel, navinR oeen Krecken on
Iho Florida rerf. and conilenimd and aold, wai nurchanfd
by hlm, and which hc Ina caused to be rcpaired aml rcllt.
ted lor aen ajalni Vroxided, It rliall be proved lo Ihe
kallifacilon oflhe Kecrelnry of the Trraaury that the co.l
of rcnnrins and rrfllllni' a-ild aihonnrr In Ihe Unilcd
Slnlcn. aflcr hcr piirchusi- by ihe prrmnl owner, etreeda
inree-inrina oi ine nri;inaicoit orouudin; a ireiicl ol tlie
tounage in thn United 8lale.
ArpROVEn rebruary 22, 1648.
Spccch of Hon. IIowcll Cobb, ofGn,
AlrCOIUlsaid:
MrSpKAKEii: Ithasbeen solcninly asscrtcd
by thn majority ofthis llouse, on our record-i, that
ilm nrcsnnt war with Alcxico 'was unneccssntily
and iinronstituiionnily bcnuii by tlio l'rc.-tident of
tho United Slntce.' 1 laKo il lliat gcniienion, in
oling llii-t declatalion, inlend to convey fully Iho
idea whicli tho language cmpluyed by them iin
norn lliat tho wai is nn unneressary one; lliat it
could easily liave been avoidcd by tho exerciio of
propcr wisilom, anr.retinn, nnn loresigm on wiu
part of Iho l'rcsident, prowded hu h.id becn nctu.
utcd bv pauiolic niol'nes m ndopling iho various
mcnsurcs wnicli no nns tanin m reiercMcu iu u,
... . . ,, ,. :i.i.. i...c ,1...
anu tncreoy no omg "n rwH"'?'" U"V?" "
cuuntry for all Ihe blood that hnj becn spilt, nnd
all llic trcasurc that lias liecn cxpcnacu in ns pros
ecution. Tho charge is n grnvo nnd serious oni,
iinpuling tlio dcepcst moral turpilud tn tho Presi
dcnt: nnd those who havo mndo it, wilh sucli form
al solcmnily, should bo hcld lo a strict accounta
bilily at tho bar of publio opinion, if, upon a due
cxnminalion oflho ftcts, it should nppcar lo bo
utleily gro'indless--ncitlicr sustaincd byovidcncc,
nur supported by argument.
Tho act of tlie Presidont upon which this charge
is founded, and whicli ii tlius to ininlvo hini in
soch Iicavv Mspotnibihty, ii tlio order iasued, un
der liis iltrrclion, by Iho Secrelary of Wnr, 011
ihe 13lli of January, 18 IG, lor tho romoval of tho
nrmv from Corpus Chriili tn sonio proper and con-
venient point 011 llio Riofiinndc. llns, sir, is
ihe head and front oflho ofl'ending oflho l'rcsident,
onaccount of which hc Is chargcd wiilt baving
broulit upon us nll tlio calamiiy and diigr.ice
which neccisnrily result from haiing tho counlry
involvcd in an unjiist war wilh n forcign nnlion.
Il may not bc iimiss, wliiUt wo aro cxnmioing
into thn'opgiii nnd causes ofthis wnr, nnd scclting
lo find Iho individuals upon whoni iho rcsponsibili
ly ofit is justly chargeablc, to inquiro inlo tho op
inions which wero cnterlaincd by those gentlemcn
who nre now so bold nnd rccl.lcss in their denun
ciations of !ho l'rcsident, at tho limo that llio nn
ncxntion of Tcxas was tho subject of our dclibcra
lions. Il may nol bo wholly uuinsttuctivo to rc
call to our rccollcctions tho scencs ofthatday,
und Iho objeclions lliat wcro llicn urgcd against llio
resolutions of nnnexalion, ns thoy werc fatnilinrly
called, whcn it was prnpnscd lo incnrporalo inlo
our Union tho Republic ofTcxus, usonoofour
frcennd sovcicign Statcs. It would aecin uncall
cd for to rcminu gentlemcn who wcro hero duting
tho discussion of lliat mcasurc, or, indecd, llioso
who wnrc lainiliar wilh ihe vicws nnd opinions of
the public incn nnd prcss oflho oppositc paily on
this subjccl, ofthc gloomy precictions which llioy
cssaycd to send forlh to Iho counlry as lo ihe
inevilablc conscnucnco that would result from tho
consunmialion oflho nurnoscs oftlio fricnds of
nnncxntion; nnd yet, sir, llio volns ofgciillnincn
npon tho ch.irgo ngainst iho l'rcsident, to which I
nm now nlluding, domand that their momory
ihoald bo rcfroshcd pon thii inbjoct. Thoy Imvo
forgolteii tlie naturo mul cliaracler of tliu olijcc
tioris vvhicli lliey urgcd nuinst iho nnnoxnlion of
'l'exai to our Union, nt tlio titne vvlicn that pro
position was pcnding Iicforu Uongrcss and tlio coun
iry, Itlias iusscil from their incmory tlmt the
ularm wni soundtd in llicsc llalli, nnd ccliocd
bnclt floin evtry seclion ofihoUnion, that war
with Aloxico would bo tlio neccssary rosult of rar
ty'mg out that iinportnnt inc'anurc, nnd that ihose
oftiiwha wcro participaltiijj in hriiiging nlioul
that result would bo rcsponsiblu befuro (iad nnd
tlio counlry lor all IIiq calnmitous conn'qucnces
that wo'ild comu in its Iruin. In glowing nnd
eloquent tcrtns thoy grescnlcd tlio glooiny piclure
of a bloody wur belivccn thi; to Ucpublics, and
with jiiophclic indignation lliey visilcd upon our
consnences that rospon si bit i ly oflhe blood and
(roature, lliat would iio tacrificcd in Ihe causo,
lf the nosilion ihcn nssuined by Ihe Wliig patly
bo wcll-foundcd if lliey wcro lioncsl and sinceic
in tlio dcclaratiom that they tcnt forlli to tlio coun
Iry, I dcsire to kriow liow it is that the original
fnetidiof nnnexalion, wlio ndvocalcd sunnorlcd.
and voted for it, nro now to Iio relieved of all thu
rcsponsihility which it was then charged they had
Incurred, and the whole of it is now tu bo luid nt
thc door of tlio I'reaidcnt, for liavins, us they now
dcclaro, involvcd us in nn 'unneorssary war,'
which could have hccn avoidcd by thu cicrcisa of
proper prudencc, foresight, nnd discretion. In or-
iler that thiK thiiitr may bo tlio tnoro slriltinly
nro4cnien 10 inn iuu nc m nci. nnmrue in i.-t i
. i -
your nltcntion to liioslrong nnd empbatic language
cmplojeu by somo oflhe prominent atalRsnien
who engnged in the diicussuui of lliequeslion dur
inj ils pcndency bcfoio this llouse; and thc coun
lry will not f.iilto reinath, that it was not only
avowcd that anneialion would bo just nauso of
ollenco to Alexico, anii preuictcu lliat war would
ho the neccssary conscquoucc of sucli nn uctof
bad luiih towards Aloiico on our part, but, sir.
gcnlleincii wcnt slill further, ond dcclared that
nntiexnlion wns war per se; that by tho vcry act
ofadmiliing Tcxns into our Union, wo looli upon
ourselvcs what lliey allcgcd to be the cxisling war
beiween Tcxns and Mexico: and that, as a matter
of unavoidalilo conscrjucncc, as soon as tho dccd
was consummatcd, wu wcin ipso fatto in a s'ale
of-wnr with Alexico. I icad a short exttact from
tho spcech uf.Mr J. It. Inoehsoll, of Pennsyl-
vnnia, delivcied tn this llouio on ihe 4111 ol Jnn
unry , 18-15, on ihe joint resolulions for llic nnnexa
lion ofTcxa;. Il was iho first urgument made
on ihe subject oti thal occasion; nnd it will bo ob
scrvcd lliat ils language is bold, clear, cxplicil,
and uiiqunlified:
'A qucslion had somctimcs hccn made whcthor
nnncxntion witli Tcxas would load lo war with
Alexico. Atr I did not consider lliat to bc n true
sluteiiicnl oflho casc. Annexation wiih Tcxas
wns ofilself, and of ncccssity, war wilh Alcxico.
Aow couli1 it be nlhcrwMe! A war cxisled bc
Iwccn llicso two counlrics. Whelher civil or
forcign in ils nature, whelher ficrccly or ilupsishly
cnrried on.was not point. If Tcxas
nhould bccoinu apirtoflho Unilcd Slates, that
part kcpt alive tho war in which it was cngaged,
and cvcry part oflho United Slntcs ndopted nnd
assuincd il.'
Ilisducto llto genllcman fiom Pennsjlvnnia,
(who, I pcrccivc, U not in Ii'h scalj lo stalc, lliat
upon an cxatninatiun of tho votu upon ihonmcnd
niL'iit oflho nciillemnn fiom AlnssachuseKs, Mr
Asii.MU.v, declating that this war 'w.n unncces
snrily nnd unconsliliilionally begun by ihe l'rcsi
dent of tho Unilcd Slates,' I do no'. finil iho natnc
of lliat geiillemaii recordcd; and I llierel'uro liave
uot referrrd lo it fnr tho purposo ofinxolving hini
in n pcrsoual inconsislcncy; but I use it, sir, ns an
cxposilion oflhe ground nssumcd by Ihe oppositc
pnity ponding thu iuoclion of annexation--as a
scntiinciil lliat was responded tu by a lnrgc pro
portion of the people oflho counlry, who ogico
with and belong to llic saino political parly with
iho gcntlcman fi om I'cnn!lvania.
I will next subinit to Iho considcrnlion ofthc
llou.oo an e.tracl from n pecch niado on thc snr.c
occasion by t Iio genllcinan fiom Vermont, Alr
Uoi.lamer, who has prccedcd mc in thij do
bale, in which that genllcman rcilcralcs, wilh
cqual clcnrneis nny forco, tho senlimcnts cxprcss
eil by tho gcnlleman from Pennsylvania; and I do
fiud that tlio genllcman fiom Vermont is one of
llinsc who havo now dcclared, upon thc rccords
ofthis scssion of Congrcss, that lliis war wns un
neccssarily and unconmilulionnlly icun by iho
l'rcsident oflhe Unilcd Stale. Ilc said, in n ppcech
dclivcrcd in Ihis Ilonso on tho 23d January,
1815:
'Aly next objection i, lliat it is n war wilh Alcx
ico. It i-i nol, ns has becn iua'Mlcd, only n inaltcr
for which Alexico mny dcclaro war, hul will uot.
Alcxico claims Tcxas as n revoltrd provinco, and
is now nl war with hor to rcduco hcr. Thi Alcx-
icn liai tlio undoubtcd ticht to do. if sho can. Of
tliia right nono cnn iloprivo liur. witlionl licr con
acnl. This ia an xisltng wnr; nnd, let who would
patlicipale, Alcxico may prosccule il wilhout any
now declaralion of war.'.
Sucli was thc declaralion oftli.it gcntlcman nl
iho tiino that the joint resolutions for the anncxa
lion of Texas wcro progrcssing befoio Congress.
Iio hcrc dcclarcs, that iho momcnl tho resolutions
wcro passod ond becomo ihe law ofthc land, war
cxisled belwcen Alcxico and tlie united atatcs.
II so, I wanl lo know at what tiino that war cens
cd, nnd at whal tiino the prcttnt wnr was begun
by tlie l'rcsident of tho United Slntcs, ns ho now
nlilrms it was! llero, thcn, sir, is n plam, posi
live. and uncnuivocal declaralion lliat annexation
is war, inado bv tho samo gentlcn.an who iioio
say that war did not exist unlil it was unncces
sirilv nnd unconslituttunallv bccun by llic Presi-
dcnt. I le two nronositions nre
. 4 . , - " . lll
iirccunciiiiine
,,, Pfinnn. ,, lr ln ' 1. ,, for tho i-cnllciiian and
his nnrtv In sav unon w nch ofllieso two contra
un - " - - E3
diclorv tt.iteinents lhcy inlend for iho futuro lo
sland: nnd. alsn. in Iho fpiiit ofcandor, to nc-
Itnowledgo ihe falsity oflhe nnc lhcy may ullimatc-
ly delcrmiiiu to abandon.
Alr VhNTON inlerposcd, wishii'g lo nslt tho
ncntloiiinti from Ucorsia one qucstion, nnd (.Mr U.
vielding) inquired if tho fricnds of nnnoxatiun, nl
the tiiue of nmiexntion, iidunttei! il was war!
Alr COI1H. No. sir. Thoy did not admit it.
Nor do Iho fricnds of nnnoxnlion, lihc ito genllc
man nnd his patty, involvo tlicmscNes in thc in-
consistcncy of assuininx onc position nl lliat tiino,
and auolher now. We stand now upon the sann!
ground lliat wo thcn occnpicd. woileclarcd Ihen
lh.it annexation was no just cnusa of oll'ence to
Alcxico; tlmt Tou9 had nobly und glotiously wnn
hcr indcpcndence by llio slrong nrm of succcsful
rcvoIution;and that thcreloro it ought not rightful-
lv lo invnlve this countrv in nnv wnr. Wo sav so
yet ; und I mny hero n-Jd", lliat wo havo tho sliouz
nuliioiny 01 inn uistiiiguitneii aennior 110111 iii.msn
chusetls, Mr WEnsrEit, lliat it wns 'no just
ground nf complnint 011 Iho part nf Alcxico, lliat
tho United Slalcs annexcd Tcxas tn thcmsclves.'
Alr COI.I.AAIEIl (Alr Unnu vielding) inquired
whelher. after llio iiiiuexntion of Toxas, tho l'rcsi
dent, iu his next annunl incasagc, did nol Btato lliul
wo wcro in n stalc orpeacc?
Alr COI1I1. Yos. heyond all nueslion, IhoPrei
idcnt did so stalc. Ilut liow docs that reliHVo lho
gnntleinan from thu inconsistcncy of his position?
Aro you bound by whatcvei the l'rcsident says!
Mr COI.I.AAII'.R (Mr Unnn ngain jiclding)
sl.ited lliat hc had llicn saiil that ho thought nn
iiRTnlion was war: but as Uormrcis iiiust reccivo
infnrinalioii friim Iho I'resident us to tho stiilo nfl
llio counlry, espccially of ils forcign rcl.tlion, nnd
as llio I'tcsidcnt, nftet nnncxntion had becn con
suuimatcd, said we wcro in n stalo of peaco, if
this infnrinalion was cotrccl, iho war must havo
begun from soino othcr causo.
Alr COI1I1. Do I uudcrsiand tho gentlemcn
from Vermont lo say, llicn, thal Iho l'rcsident sat
iafied liim lliat lie Mr Uoi.lambr was original
ly wrong! A laugh Do I undei sland Iho geu
llenmn from Vermont 110 longnr to lioliuvothn an
nexation wns war?
All tOLLAAIEIt. It was nn nct of war by tlio
law olnntions; but iho l'residenl did not treat it
so,nrd ll.creforo I laho hini on his own nrtiund,
Alr ,01111. (rciotning ) If tlio gentlcmnn laltcs
llni IVsidcnt by iho ground ho nssumcs, Iio tnusl
nllow liat Ii'h inind has hccn convinccd of liij for
tncr cror by thn nrgumeiit of iho l'rcsident. Tlio
ncntlcnan cannot say nt one limo bcforo Uongress
lliat sirn anci sucli nro h's opinions, nnd after
wnrtls,h'n Im aiaerta conlindictnry opinions, say
hodooisuon thn giound.tliat nlthmigli he bclieved
ho wasnt first tight, yct he u told bv iho I'resident
of iho Jnited Statcs lliat Iio was wrong. Aro the
genlleilcn on that sidu of the Houia willing ihus
to plncl tlieinsclvei in lliealliludo bofore thc coun
lry of (inning their fuilli to iho hleevo of iho l'res
idcnt? Or k it un altempt tojutify lliKiniclvcs
in m daring nn inconsulpncy, by iho effort to
Ihrow Jio burden nf it offnf their own shoulders
and onlo tlio l'rcsident or tlio United Slntcs.'
Wcto pnllciucn lo como licro under ihe solctnni
ties wlicli werc tlirown upon iho oflicial acts of
mcnibes of tltii llouse, and put upon record the
solcimideclarntion of a fact, ond uftcrwnrds sny
to ihe rouniry, I did it not because I beliovcd il,
but bccauia llic l'rcsident loolt that position?
That wis thc sum nnd ubtanco of iho cxplana
tiou of tn genllcinan from Vermont ; and I seri
ously diuht whelher a bctlcr one cnn bo uivcn by
nny of tln gentldmcn who ara involved with hini
tn tns nnliwurd posiuon tieloia tlio counlry. I
nnnreiimii i ini i ipnn iiiinira niav h.ivn nn..wi n
wny fiom tho mernory of tho gentlcmnn from Ver
i inonl, and I recommend to h'tin to bestow ralher
moro rrfeclion upon thcin bcfore ho undeitakes
to iccKiuilo thesc contradicioryilatcmcnts of opin
ions. I ha t the ppeccho.liefore 1110 assuming similar
positions. of olher gentlemcn, somo of wliom are
now inembers of this llouse, and who, lilio thc
gentlcman from Vermont, havo now voted lliat the
wnr wns unneccssarily and unconstitulionally b
giin by ihe I'tcsidcnt. I will not trouble llio
llouse by reading fur.her; my object is siinply to
prcsent thc fact to the nttcntion of ihe llouse and
llio counlry, that thc Whig patty, in rcference to
liiu anneialion ofTcxis and thc wnr, now occupy
a position wholly irrecnncililable with llic onc ta
kcn by lliein at thc limo the rcsnlulinns for thu
nnnexalion of Texas werc pending bcfore Con
gress. Thero were ihrce classcs of opinions cx
pressctl by gcnllciiiPti who wcro opposed to annex
ation; one clnss conUndcd that nnncxation would
bo cause of war; anolher lliat it would nnccssarily
iuvolvu tho country in war; and thu thitd look the
slfong posilion nssur,.cd hy my fiiend from Ver
mont, that aunrnatfon was war per se. Now, 1
nppcal tothe candor of nentleincn 011 llio onrjositc
sidn nf Ihe llouse, lo say with what propriely.wilh
wnal justico uo )cu call down liin indignation ol
lliis cuuntry upon tlie head oftho l'rcsident oflhe
Unilcd Slales, fnr a war which soinu of you say
was the neccssary conscquence of nnnexalion, nud
which olhers of xoit s.iy was idcnlical willi tho
uct of annexation? I aU you In wipi out thu re
cord; blot it out; let it not go down to posterity,
side hy sidowiili the cunlradictory statamcnl made
by jou 011 a lunt:cr occasion.
Iiut I winh to inn.uir fora momcnt what nro the
reasons and mulives which covern gcnllcmcn on
llio olher side ofthc IIouso iu ihus clianging their
position on this qucstion. Wliy arc you nol now
lisposcd lo liold tlie cnnscicuccs ol tlio mcii wtio
otiginally lirouglil nuuul llio nnnexationoi lexas
who ndtocnled, sustaincd nnd passcd throughbolh
llouscs oftonzrrss, this ineajure, nnd who Ihus,
us you Ihen said, hruught nbunl lliis war, rcsbon
siblo for Iho wnsle of blood nnd trcnsure whicli
has becn ocrnsioncd by it? I confcss, in lool.ing
over tho wholo subject, nnd ciidravoriug to satisfy
my miii'l whcthor or not nny good reason cxisls
for this chnnge, I havo becn imablo tn dijcover
any. I can find but oun ronson, whicli I nm cotn-
pollcd Iu believo has been thc conliollinir 0110 in
hringing ahoul lliis chango nf posilion on yuur part;
and it is this: so long as jou continticd to chargo
that nnnexalion unnlvcd us in wai lliat annexa
tion was ipsof aclo war so long was Iho picscnl
l'rcsident oflho Unilcd ."ilales irrcponsible. No
point could ho made upou Alr. I'ollt, 110 atlach
could be made upon this Administralion in conse
quence of ihii war, unlcss sumc muans wcro rcsor
led lo placc Iho origin ol it on nihcr grounds ihan
ihe act of annexation, which oxisicd prior lo Mr.
I'ollt's coming into powcr. I see no othcr reaon
fur llns glaring inconsislcncy, unlcss it bc Iho
alle.'npl tu relievc gentlemcn on tho oppositc side
cflho IIouso, who parlifipalcd in bringing sbuut
annpxation, from Ihnir duo proporlinn oflhe rpjpon
ibiily, if responaiblity thoy will havo it, of
iinoMng tho counlry in wnr. Whnt othcr niotivo
could aclu.ilo getiilenicu? Why is it that the
cloqucnco of gentlemcn ngainal annexnlion lias
becn huslicd? I confcss inyself unablo to find any
other nolivca llinn llioso to which I bavo just r
ferrcd. If nny olhers cxist, inalie tlicin l.nown,
and yoi shull havo llio bcnefit of whatcvcr pillia
tion il nay oll'cr.
Passhg on from this gross and palpnble incon
istcnc) in which the Whig parly Invo involved
ihotiiso'vca, I proposo to consider ihe Iruth of lh
allcgntiin, lliat iho wnr was hruught ahoul hy ihe
rcinovil ofthc nriny from Corpus Chrisli to thc
llio tinndc, nud lo examinc (ho rcaonsnnd inllu
cnccs llat wcru opetnting upou the inind ol Ihe
I'rcsidsit to inducu tho issunig nf lliat nrder, and
lo sco vhclhcr ho could havo donc nlhcrwisu than
he did villiout renclciing liimselfjiisily rpprehcusi
hcforu ''nngreFs nnd Iho cuuntry for n failurn to
do his luty. feel nn hcjilalion in giving it ns
my opaion, that had tho l'rcsident npglcctcd to
adopt ho policy for tho defence oflhe lertitory of
Tnxasvis Texas clnimcd it In bc, which was cnr
ried 011 in iho cxcculion of lliis ordsr, ihosa gcn
tlcnicnwho now chargo Ihe rcsponsibihly of Iho
war upn hini lor lliat nct, would havo been clo
qunnl i their denuuciation of llio imhccilily and
w.inl o'cncrgy 011 tho part of thn Excculivc
What re tlie l.ir.ls? The annnoxalion resolutions
had pascd Congrcss nnd hpcomo thu law of ihe
land Mien Alr. I'ollt camo inlo ollico. Tho Alex
ican miislcr had notificd this Guvcrnnipnt, pending
llio qeslinn beforo Congrcss lliat tho Alcxicnti
(iovermcnt would consider tho consumniatioti
of tha'tict just cauie of war; nnd ho entcrd, in ihe
iuiiiiu 1 his (iutciuiiiL-111, lllt-ii inui nuiL-iiiii jiiou.ai 1
ngains it. ImmrdialPly nltcr Ihe pussagn anu I
. r .t 1 . .1 i
l-.vccilvp annrlmn nf liin rncn nt nn.. tliu Altitl.
can nnister. in rnnformttv to tho ooiiiions nreti
ously xprcssed by hini, nnd llio diicction of l 1 f
Uiivei nil-m, ucninmu'U uis ji.isafiun-, iii-,tnvi:u
tho dilomatic rclations bclwccn Iho two Govcrn
rricnlinnd rclutneil In his counlry. What, I in
quire,wns llio feehng Ihen cxisling in Alexico,
botii Mlh hcr rulcu nnd hcr people" towards tho 'i'linny which our forcfallicrs conqucred wilh their j upon ila-so coiuidcralions, it wns not tho iinpcra
Unile Slates? Fioinnll llio iiifurniation which . hlood. They deccivo iheniselves: wo will lly to .tvo constitutional duty oflho I'rcsnlcnl to put tht
has b-n tlirown hcfnte Ihe public-gatherp.l from jniitch from Ihem thc spoil.s, tho possession of, ,,rmy ofthc Unilcd Stales iu sucli posilion hslo
tlic ttioorhcrpublicpross, tlierllicialcorrcspoiid-
.,n r 1,0, i 11 ,i ,..,i. il.n r.i!ii,;r,i..
locsshortly therpafler issucd lioi'n tho public
galluings oflho pcnplo in their ptiinary nsscin-
hllcs-wo nro fully iuslilied in tho assertioii, tlmt
Alcxki at that limo, in furtlietcnce nf hcr previnus-
Iveiresscd intcnlioii ofre.onqucring Toxas, wns
d'clciiined upon wnr with tho Unilcd Stales. Sho
nnlvusl causo of war, but as wnr itself; nnd in
tliatiiinionshu was counlcnanced, us wo havo
nrnl .nl tn rPf.tr. i in n nno vji t inn n ' tn n nni
Alcjcan Alinistcr nrWar.nl as carly a dalo as Ju.
v tl lRI.r. lulu.rn!ri lt,n rilli..rd lll CO M1 1111 ml nf
tlio imy wcro caucu upon to rccruu nnn rnisc ino
necpry Irnnps for llic proseculion of tho wnr,
upoiwhich tho Alcxican Govnrnmcnl Ind dctcr
niiiil.and which rcquisiiions wcro neccssary, in
ihojtigtiagc ofGarci.-i Condo, in his circulnr of
llmSih July, 1815, for the wnr which sht AIx-
lenjrri'ijfi iiyiiinil tts unvei .rnt.
secnliy llio coucurrent opinion nl soinu ol ourown oi .vicxico, nnn aiso ucr reasons ior nuopiiiig u. ( .11111 m.-i """ - 7 . -
proniient stnlesinen. War, llicn, in hcr own Sho Ihus unequivocally nnnounces, that "tht time 1 tnaist upon thu extromo nghlsor lliattate. vmit
einp tic langunae, xvns hor only nltcrnativc. In loMhl is cotnc," bccausu the Unilcd Slates "has sotnc tnight bc disposcd to rcgard tho IXucce. ns
coidjn.ilionnflhis vicw oftho mallcr. I beg lo 1 taken possession oflhe depottmcnt of 7'exas." llio line upon which ncgotiation inight nnally lix
lin nli.nrvmt llml nll (Iii. n.illpr! lll.inV nnil (IplCritlillC. 6tl WllCtt COinpi.'lleil 10 felCCt H
"OKncK or War a.nd Al a n 1 n e . )
tjcction of operations. J
"Tlie Unilcd Slates liavc consumiiinlcd thc ticr.
fidy agaiust Alcxico hy sanrtiouing llic decree which
dcclarcs tho nnnexatiun oflho dcparlmcnt of Texas
lo thal Republic. Th'i itijuiticu oflhat usurpalion
11 iqjarL-111, anu .iicaicu cuiiuui luiuraio suctl ti
gtavo injury wilhout malttiig ar. cffoit lo piovo to
liiu United Stutcs thu possibilily of hcr ability tn
causo hcr righls lo be icspcclcd. Wilh this ohject
iho Supreme (Jovcrninent has rcu)vcd iijion a dc
claratiou uf war againat thal I'owcr, sccing that
our furbeatnnce, inilcnd nf being rcccivrd as u
proof of our friendly dinprsition, lias becn intur
irctcd into an aclinowlcdgcd impossibility on our
part to carry 011 a succesil'ul war.
"Such an cirur on ihe part oflhe Unilcd Slntoi,
will bo advnnliigeous to Alexico, bccnu.se, auddcn
ly nbnndoning its pacifu allilude, il will to-motrow
coinmunicato to (,'ungreis the declaralion of war,
and excitc tho palriutism ofils ci'.izeni to suitain
llio dignily oftho nation and tlie inU-grity of its
lcriiloty, now tienchcrously altaclted, in ulter dis
icgard of all guaranlccs rccogmzcd in this tnliglit
cncd nge.
"Yun will rcadlly apprcciato the importaneo of
thii subject, nnd thc ncccssity of prcpaiing the
troops under jour comm.ind to march towaids any
poini which may tequiio prntcclioii against thcse
inost uhjast uggressioni. I am dircctcd by Ihe
Provisiotial I'rcsidei.t !o enjnin vou, as gcncral-in-
chicf of)our ditision, and ns a cilizcn ofthis Re-
pulic, to liold ynurscll 111 readtnesi to rcpcl llinse
who seck the ruin of Alexico. 'I hc Goicniticnt is
ncccupied in covciing tho dcftcicnt poinls on the
fronliers, and in cullccting tho necessary ineans,
so that nutlnng may bo wanting to those whose
glory it will bo to defcud ihs lacrt-d righti of their
counlry.
"I havo llio honor lo cotnmomcalo lor your in-
telligcnce, and to ditvct your condtict.
"Uod nnd liherty! (iAlli.lA l.u;U)t;.
"Alrxtco, July 12, 18-15.
"77111 ciicutar to the aulhoritiet suboidiautt to
this ojftce.
"Most excillknt Senor: Ai rr.y noics of
the 30lh of March and 7th of Aptil of this ycar,
conceiuing llic descrtcrs nnd recruils for thc army,
liavc nol pioducrd cllccls which his l.xcellency the
Preiidcnl ad inteiim dcsircd, as tho Govcrnors
haiu nol been able to gathcr a nunibcr of mcn by
nny nicnns adcquatc to the wanls oflhe army, his
Exccllcncy has oidercd your cxccllency to pruride
iho malcrial tn cnuble thc difl'erent depailn.enls lo
furnMi their quota, nnd complele ih contingcnt
of troops rcquircd by thc decrecs of tho 29th nf
Dccemhcr, 18-13, nnd 2d July, 18 1 f. fur nlthough
tho Supreme Governtnent has not exacled, with
punctualily, the cotnplcmrnt from tho di'pjrtmcnts,
sbe now scc licrself under thc ncccssity of dning
so.for tho war which ahe w.-iues nia!iist tlio I'niled
Slates, Ihe pcrlidy and tic.-u-liory of which I'ower
put hcr in pussession of a .art of lliis republic.
'lln l.xcellency tho l'rcsident aa vilettm rcquirui
lliat your Excellcncy infotm Iho Govcrnors oflhe
necessity which cxisls of dctailing Iho nunihpr of
mcn, so liigbly neccssary to fill ihe r.tnl.s nf tho
iirmy, und lo excito the zc.il and patriulUm of tlie
nulhoritics.tliat their prcparations shall bofoclfec
...i . r.. tf!i .1..: rii.f . 1'
1u.11 ui luiin un.- uoiiL-a ui iuu nuiriiiinrni, iuiu
prcvent tho dignity oflhe nation from bcing in tny
measuic comptomHed.
'1 havo thu honor to coiiimunica'.c to joui
ccllency the following, to hu used as occasion may
requirc.
'God and libertv!
'Jui.v 1C, 1013".
GARUIA UOND1-.
"Most cxccllenl Senor, .Minisler of Forcign Rc
lations and 0 I'clice. Transmttlotheaulhor
ilies deiending upon your dtpattmtut.
"AIost exckli.emt Senor: Il being neccs
sary that Ihe troops of iho liuo should covcr tho
fronliers of llio rcpub'ic, nml march towards Tcxas
tu conquer lliat dcparmcnl, now usurped by tho
Unilcd sutes, ms t.xcciieiicy fio rifaiiiein aa
inteiim hns comtnanded tne lo transmit yuu lliis
nolc, to c.cilo thc zcal nnd palnotiiin ol tlio uov- mniiiU'sted towards llic Lnitccl statcs. Ilc was
ernors, that they placc under nrim, in their icspec- succreileil, upon tho successl'ul lcrinination oflhat
tive dislricts, nll the forco which can bo collecled I rcvoluticn, by Gepcral Parcdc; who may liicre
in defcr.co of tlio law, to be ready to servu as a I f0ro bc justly considcred as thc embodiiiicnt of llic
safeguard of llio tcspeclivo dcparlmcnts, according I iiubiltercd Jlcxican fecling ihen cxisling against
to the dcrrcc of thc llh of J11110 of this )cur, und
tlie rcgulatton ol llic 7tli iustaut.
'Your Kxccllcncy will comniunicalo lo llio Gov
crnors this suprcmo resolulion, nnd will inform
Ihcm oftho oblimtions under whicli thc cilizcns
are to contribuie lo thc dcfencc of their country,
and to Muslain lights violalcd by rt nation which
rcfuses lo nchnowledgc ihcm, nnd obliges Mcxico
to maintaiii ihcm by iorcc, which it most undoubt
cdly will, or f.tll in llio etiugle. Sho will not
conacnt to givo up onc half of hcr tcrrilory, from
tne hasii lcar ol losing tho olher. Iloping your
l.xcoiiency will lurnuii 1110 wn.i inioriiialion as tn
iho number of mcn whicli cin ho devolcj to llns
iiiipoilant object, )our Kxccllcncy will please to
acc'pt my most high ceusideration.
God and hber,tv ! GAKC1A CONDE.
"Alcxico, July IC, 1815.
Tu tho must cxnellcnt Senor, Alinistcr of I'uicign
Rclations and I'nlice.''
In connectiou with llicso circulnrs, I call your
nttcntion lo thc ordcrs issucd hy Ihu commauding
gcnerali of hcr nriny. On the 12th August,lSI5,
Aiisla, in 11 prnclamation nddrcssed by hini lo llic
troops, uscs the rollowing laiigungc:
"Conirudes: The Suprcmo Excculivc has scnt
to ine, by cxprcss, thc ncws that, Iho Unilcd Slates
iu pursnanre of their anilntious liews, having lal
eu posscssiun nf thu department of Tcxas, hc had
dumnndcd a declaralion of war agnin-it that unju.'l
nation.
"Thc limo to fight is come. We itinst prpparc
with tho nrdor inpired by doty and patriotism,
whcn an ntl.ick is made upon tho ioil, ihe honor,
and Ihe prido oflho nation.
"Arms nre tho only argumenls to uso asainst
handitti nnd mcn withnut good f.iith. I.ct os hopn
fur lliat justirc which is invoKcd by all nocicly,
and I hc decision uf iho ciwli.cd wuild.
"Our lot will be cnvied by tho rest of thn army
wo aro ncnrest to llm thestru uf wnr; wo nrn
Iho lirat lo nvcngu the oulrages un nur cuuntry,
nnd lo ravish fiom usurpeis Iho object of their ra
pinrs. "I.nigo bodies of Iroops are on iheir march;ilicy
will soon bo hero, to dhaie ourd.ingcrs and rcpulse !
.1 ( ,,
n ,, , . ... , .- .. .
11c11u1.11 iiicuL?, 111 d enni uir Uliiciulli'i iiuil lli
.... 1 .
llio Alcxican army, on Ihe 27th August, 18 lo, uses
ihis sironj? nnd denuncialory languaso O'uinit the
Ui ii I c; 1 1 K tVi tt-'a
"Soldiors! A rnpacinus nnd grasping race h.no
ihtown tlicniselve.s upon our lerntnry, und date to
llatlcr iheinsclvcs lli it we will not di'fund llio pal-1
y"ll:" ",uy aro inipudcnlly piijoym?; aml l hey
sh.ill lcain, bv de.-uly Liousht I'xnciicncc, lliat lhcy
aro contcnding w ilh llio undisciplincd trtlit's ofln-
ui;"", lollUCl1 oT llioir l.ind. their heay-
cn-1,1,11 ,l,,!ir uniry; nnd that tho Aloxicans will
"'dently combnt llio soldiors ofa nation which has
sanclinncd hy Ui laws tho most degradins sht-
v".v-"
rious depnrlmcnts oflho Alcxican Governmenl, will ,
be sccn n full cxposilion oflho Inlention aml policy j
In hnfl n hriil i nrtimcMa. lUCi rom I io vn
iTtnnths prior to tho re:iui'-al uf Iho lroop to Ihe
Kto Urando. Aro wo not, Ihen, nuthnnzcil in ray
ing, Alexico herself being iho tviincns, ihat "the
wagcd tho war ngainst ihe United Stales," Atul
Ihat llio ohject oflhe wnr, as thus wagod by hcr,
was thu rcconqveil of Texas.
Whi'.st I am considcring llic cvidrnces of Iho
fnpliiigs and intcntions oftho Alcxican Onvi inmanl,
1 bcg leavn to call the attsnlion oftho llnt to foi n
inoment tc Iho hislory nf llic rovoiulinn in llio lat
tcr part of llio -car 1815, whicli rojultcd in ihs
tivcrlhrow of llio governmenl ol" llcricm, n few
dnys after llio rcjection of nur minisler, Alr Slidell,
Whtch I addujo in this connectiou as slrongly con
firmntoiy of the iiitentious of Alcslco, us tivowtd
in thu docuinenls which I haie just comnicntid
upon. It will be rccollci-.led that llcrrera hod,
llirough Alr Illaclt, our consul, iuilicated to our
Govctninctit his willingncss lo rcceivo our minisler,
for Iho purpnso of seUling llio difTicullies belwcen
llio Iwo icpublics by npgoli.ilion, Wcll, sir, at
lliis tiiue, in the dcp'aitinont of San I.uis Potosi,
whero ihis rcvolulion Bgniiisl llcircra's govrrnn.ent
wus gollcn up, a inanifcslo was ndopted by the
nrmy of rcserve, dcclaring that the governtnent of
Uericra ought lo bo ovcilhrown. And now, sir,
niatlc :he reason liore nssigncd as a juililicalion for
lliis icolulionary niovenit-nt. The nianifesto jus-
tilicd the inovemcnt sgainat llerrcia's adminiitri.
tion, on thc groand lliat it
'Had repeatcdly thwailcd llio ptirpose of thi
army lo tnove upon Tcxas, nnd nt thu samc lime
ullowed the artny to bc xilificd for ils inaclinn by
ollicial jottinals; thal it had ndmitlcd n cointnission
cr, meaning Alr Slidell, sith wliom it tns en
dcavoring lo arrange for thn loss of thc intrgrily of
llic Republic; lliat it had rcduccd tho counlry al
most lo n sIiiib tif nnarcliy, in tho tnidst of which
il existcd, wilhout rcvcnup, niiliout pnwrr, nnuV
almost wilhout will; lliat llicso euls demandcd nn
itnmediato rcmcdy, and that Iho Adminislrnlion
confusscd its lotal incotnpetcncy nnd pnwerlcs.ne!,
lliat il had lost all respcctability, so ncccssaty to &
Goveriitnent, and had allowcd a plenipolcnliaty of
ihe United Btutes to ict fool in thc counlry, and
icsido in iho cnpital, with a iew to bargairi for
the indcpcndence and nalionalily of Iho counlry,
for whicli hac been inado to rii.iny actilir.c9."
'I his inanifcslo was adoplcd 011 tlie 1-llh Decem
bcr, 18-15, in which the gr.wn chargo ii mudo
gaiust llcrrera that ho lud pcrmitted the Amcii-
can plcnipolenliary "to sil foot in the counlry,"
and thal "he had rcpcattdly Ihuvilcd the purpos
of the aimy lo move upon Texas." I.ct it be re-
membarcU tliti thu picccdcu by evci.il monihs
the remotnl of our troops from Corpus Chrtsli to
tho Rio Grandc, and, thcrcfore, "Ihe purpose of
mnving upon Teiai," which had bcrn thus "re
peatcdly lliwartcd'refcrrcd Inlho whole ofTcxa,
and nol tu that nortion ly ine beiween llio Nuccrs
and thc llio GranJc, which gentlemcn ate plcaied
to call ihe dispotcd loirilory.
Whcn, on a furiner occasion, I rcferred ts thii
rcvolulion, nnd the causes which ptoduccd it, gen
llcincn on tho othrr side qnentioticd ihe corrcclncn
of the posilion I msmm-d, thcn and now, lliat llcr
rera was overlhruwn in conscqttpnce of liis pacific
diiposition tnwnrds thc Unilcd ijlntes', and I nm
lli'-refbro gratificd in being ablc lo corroborate thn
cidence I havealrrady ailduccd with tliedeclara-
: lion of llcrrcra himself, during the iccent neaoti.i
tion near tho cily of Alexico," in Angust lat, bc
, twcen nur commissionnr, Alr Trin, nnd Ihe cotn-
misstoners on tho part uf Alcxico. I rcfcr to tho
j fact, lliat wheu appuinlcd by Santa Anna lo aid iu
' conducling thc neaoiiation on ihe part of Mextco,
he declincd to accppt; aml, rcfeirin to llic revo-
ilmion nnd thn causcs which lcd tu it us his reason
, i. 1 i . t . .
, ior jucn rciusai, ne says. in His noic 01 yin t-
gusl, la-li:
"I'or no other act ihnn showing ihat thers would
bc no obstacle to his Alr. Klidell'a ptcscmin
himself, and liaving his prrpr.silionn heard, my r.il
minis'.ration was calumiiatcd in the mot nlrocioui
mnnncr; foi lliit act tiloie tho icvolution which
displaccd nie from eonimand was sct 011 foot."
l'achecn, on the following day, by diroction of
Prcsident Santa Anna, icplied to hini; nnd so far
from queslioning the corr.clucss cf his statcmcnt,
hc says
"'I ho vcry rpasons upon which your cxcellcncy
relios wer ihose which lcd to yout nppointment."
I think, thcn, thnl I tm fully sustaincd in the
position that tho ocrnnicut of Ilcrrctn was over-
'. - .1 . l! :. i.. i
1 tlirown beciusc of llio pacific dispositions il had
our Guverinr,cnt nnd pnopju a fact whicli should
nlways bc borne in miud in llic cxaitiinnlioii oflho
siibicqi:enl professious ofParcdcs uf a dlsposilion
pcaceably lo scltlc tlio pending dillicuitics betwccn
the two countiics. And in leferencR to nll snch
profesi'ions, from lliat and excry othcr qu.irtcr in
Alcxico, ptior tu tho hrenliing out of hostilities.it
may ba rctnailicd, that upon a crilical inquiry in
to the facts, lhcy will bc found lo hae mad
cilher for thc purposo of deceiving and mislcading
our own Guvernmcnt, or in thc vain effort of jnn
tifying, upon tho rccord bcforo thc cirilized wuild,
iheir pencraencss nnd obs'inacy in rcjectlr.g unr
ovcrlurcs for n piclfis ndjusimvnt by ncjotialiou
of cxiattng difTicultics.
We liave now sern thc stale of waHilio rceh'nj
nnd bltlcr nniinosily existing in Alexico cn Iho
consumiintinn of tho anne.xaiicn of Texas to ocf
Union, nnd licr avowcd dclcriuinalion lo rcsott to
thn nrbilrement of arms; ncvtrlhcless the I'resi
dent, wilh un atuiuus dcsire tu bring aboul n pca
ccahle spltleincnt of our muiiial comhlalais, ap-
poinl? Alr. Shdrll ttiinislcr to tho Itcpublic of
Mcmco, in comformily wilh the iiilimaliuit ptcvi
ously givcu by herof his f,ivornhlerccpption. Gcn.
tlcmcn liave said lliat tho wholo coursc of policy
pursucd by tho i'resident cvidctieed an imcnlion
lo imolve iho two countiics in wnr. In rcply lo
this charge, i will only nslt, Why did he setid a
minisler Ihcre nl thal tiuie? Did this hinveincnt
indicnlo fiit-lt on inlcntion! The marlted unwil
lingness of tln: Opposilion to givo tho I'resident
due crcdit for thesc sflbris lo presenu pcace bc
twecn tho two counlries, is only anolher eiidenca
ofthc nverpowcring inilutnee of imL'illcred parll
san foeling.
Il is apparcnt, from tho corrcsponilenee at llia
limo, that Ihe covcinmcnt of Ilcrtcrn wns diposecl
in good f.iillt to rcceivo our minisler; but in con
sequcnce oflhe reiolmionary cllbrt thal was then
going on, nnd which resulled, n few dajs after
the rcicction of Alr Slidell. in liis ovcrlhrow, Uer
icra posilivcly declincd lo reccivc liim. Whcn
that information was rcceivcd hy tho l'rcsident of
tho United Statcs, the order for ihuadvahce ofuuf
nrmy 10 the liiu Grando was given. Now, l ash
if, upon n ruuew of thcse facts lool.ing at tho rc
pcaltMl dccluralions of Aloxico that llic nnncxulioil
uf Tcxas would be jast causo of war nt llio picp
araliun whicli had becn made by Alcxico fur Ihrt
purpose of carrjing on the w.u nt tho rcfusal of
llint uovernnicm ovcn tn rcceivo our iiiiiiisivr.onu
lliat rcfusal bascd upon a mcre prclcxt, (asl hao
nnlhorlly, ns you know, sir, for ayln,) if.
pfotect tho btato ol exns tn limila cocxiensio
...iii. ,r claims? W hatevcr dihi'rcncfj of opiniuii
mav l)n v s existcd nbout tho wclcrh buundary
wh'clhcr it was, in point orf.ict, the Nucces or ll.o
l0 Grandc, dunng llic pcndency of ncgoiialion
apprclicnd that U will not bo dthied, thnl wben
,10 Mcxicun Goxcrnincnt had c oscd Ihe doors a-
?l negoliun, nhd selcctcd Iho ntblireinent or
0! ainis as IUU Ulil iihm- i
qucslion, lhs only rccourso leftlo our (,u ernmcnt
conaistcnt with hcr own honor and soll-rcspecl,
fiohiln? linc, nll would rejinftl willi ravor and np.
probaiion the Rio Grando nssucti line, Tho
trulh is, ihat Aldxico ncilher rrgardcd tlie Nuecca
nor ihe Rio Grando as tho llno of boumWy be-
twccn llte two eotinlrics. Hcr eye was flxcil up
on iho Sabino. Wilh her, tho qucstion w.u, not
iho sctllcment ofthc boundaty of Texas, bo(
rccunqucsl nf Tcxas. Tho tssno sho niado wli
the sabju-jjtion oflho ithelo ofTeioil W Inn