nny nnvy? any revenuo? any nalronagei in a
word, any powcr whaleveif lf 1 Iiad bceu a
dietalor,lthiuk thnt even thosc who have ibe
rnnst freely applied lo me the appeilafion must
bc corr.pclled to mako two admissions: first,
llat my dictalorship has becn distir.guishedby
l o cruel cxecutions, stained by no blood, nor
loiled by anv aci of dishonor; and, in tho sec
j -i--- i'.u:.;, ,i, mnst own flhounn 1 do
wt exacily know what daic my comm.sston of
.lic'afw bcars 1 miaginr,
tavnconinn'nccdith ihe Extra Sess.on) tha
if Idtd not usurp the power of a diciator. I at
, ' i....:k' .nrrcndcrcd it wilhin n short-
. , ,l thnn was allotted for the durat.on of
ihe dictctorship ofthe Roman Commonwcalih.
If lo havescught at the exl r session and at the
rrnt by ihe co-opcration of my fnends, lo
rcrrv out tbfi grcnl measures intcnded by tho
ronular mnjoriiy oriS40, and to havo dos.rcd
l a- thevshculdnll havo bcen adoptcd and cx
cculcd: 'ifto havc nnxiuusly desired I to sce a
disordered cuirency regulalcd and restorCU
nt.d irre?u1arexchnigcs cqual.zednnd aajust
if to havo labored to replenish the empty
-coffers oflhc Treasury by suilable dut.es; ifto
have cndravorcd to e.xtend reliet lo iho unfor
tunale bar.krupts of the country. who hnd becn
juincd in a great mcnsurc by the crroneous
pohcy, rs wo btlieved, of ih s Government; ir
to soek 'o limit, circumscrihe, ar.d resimn
Esecuiivenuthority;ifto retrench unnccessa
rv rxpenditure r.nd abolish uscless offiocs and
n'-stitulions; if, bilc the pufalic honor is prc
jcrved untarnishnd hy supplying a revcnuc
nflpmiatn !o meet 1110 n&uonai raj;..!;. ,
incidental proirction can De
r.aimnai inaii'irvi u m ----
lici'tide to rcdetm cvery plcdge and cxccute
rvprvpromise faiily mado 'by my polmcnl
riicn'ds with a vicw lo thn acquismon ol power
"from an honest nnd confidmjr pcoplc; if ihesc
objects conMilu:e man n dictator, wliy. thcn.
I suppose 1 must be content to hear, ahhough
I still cniy share wilh my fricrds, the odium
or ihe honor of thc epithet, as it may be con
sidercd on the one hand or thc oiher.
That my nalurc is warm, my temper ardent,
1 . i tn anfnrlflin II n : 1 1 ( 1 ! 1 1 L au-
my disposition, cspeciatiy in reiauon iu j uu
:. J T r..l!., r..ir
J,c service. cmnub w """" , . i
-
10:
own; anu tnoso wi:o supposu ...ul ..u.v. ,
assuming the dictatorship havo only mistnkcn t
for nrro?ance or assumpuon that lerveni arcor ,
. . - i '
nnd devoiion which is natuial to my cnnslitu-
tion.and whieh I mny have displayed with too
litile reaard lo cold. calculaling and cautious
prudcnce, in iustaining and zealously support.
ing important naiional mt'asurcs of policy
which I have presented and proposed.
During i longand arduouscnrcer ofservico
in thc pnblic counsels of my country, especial
ly during the last eleven years I have held a
s'eat in the Senale, from the samo ardor and
enthusiasm of charactcr, I have no doubt, in
the heat of dcbate, and in an honest tndeavor
to maintain my opinions aainsi adverse opin.
ions equally honcstly cntcrtained, as to thc
besl cnurse to be adoptcd for the public welfare
I may have often inadvertently or uninteniioa
nlly, in mornents af excilnd debate, made use
of.languagc that has bsen'ofTcnsive and suscep
lible of injurious interpretalion towards my
brother Senators. If there bo any here who
retain wounded feulings of injury or dissatis
ftclion produccd on such occasions, I bt-g to
assuro them that I now olfer the amplest apol
ogy for any departure on my part fiom thc es
lablished rules of parliamentary decorum and
oourtcsy. On the other hand, I as3ure the
Senators ono and jill. without exception nd
wiihout rescrve, that 1 relire from the Senate
Chamber without carrying with me a single
fceling of rcsontment or dissalisfaction to the
Senate orto any of its members.
I co from this place undcr the hope that we
shall, mutually. consian to perpetual oblivion
whatever personal collisions may at any timo
unforlunately have occurred between us; and
that our recollcc'ions shnll d'.vell in future on
Ihnsc conflicls of mind wi'.h mind. those intel
lcctnal strugglcs, tliose noblo exhibitions ofthe
powers of logic, argument. and eloqnencc, hon
orablo to the Senato and to the country, in
which eich has sought and contended for wha'
hc decmcd
d the best mode of accomplishinc ono
fionimon object, tho greaiest tmcrcsi anu me
most hannitiessof our belnved country. To
these ihrillin" and delightful scenes it will be
my plcasure and my pride to '.ooi
back in mv
retirement.
And nnw, Mr. PresiJenf, nllow me lo makc
tho mntion which it was my object lo submit
when I rose to address you. I prcscnt tho
crt-'dentials of my fricnd and successor. If nny
Toid has hccn created by my own witbdtawal
from the'Senate, it will be fiiled to overflowing
by hini; wliose urbaninty, whose gallant and
genileniatih- bcaring. waos3 stcady adhcrence
to principlo. and whose rare and accompliihcd
powers in debate nrc knoivn alrcady in adva. C3
to the whole Senale and country. I move that
his credcntials bc rtceived, and that thc oath
of office bo now administered to him.
In rctiring, as I am about to do forever,
from the Senate sufT-r tne to express my heart
fclt wishes. that all ihe great nnd pairiotic ob.
jncts for which it was constituicd by ihe wisn
framers of thc conslilution may be fulfilled;
ihal tho high destiny designed for it may be
fully answred; and that i's dcliberation.s now
nrtd hereaftor, may ever.tuale in rcstoring the
prosperity ofour uolovcd country, in mainlain
ing its ri-ihls anil honor abroad, iu sccuring
and upho'.diii!! its interi'sts M home. I rctire, I
kno'.v it, at a period of infinifc distress and '
cmbarnis3inpnt. I wish l could tal;e my lcavo
of you under more favorable auspice: bur
wiihnut meaning at ihis time to say wh. thpr
on anyoron whom reproaches for ihe sad
proaches for tho sad
condilion oflhn country should fnll. I appcal to
thu Sena!e and lo the world to bear testimony
tr mr nipnnot nni? mivinttQ Arnrftnna tn nvnrt
it. and tlnt no blamo can justly rest at mv
,Joor. '
May the blessing of Ileaven rest upon the
wholn Senate and each mernber of it, and may
ihu l.ibars of cvery ono redoun-J to the bencfit
nf ihe natioti atid tho.advancement of his own
fame and renown. And when you shall retiro
t- the bosom of your conslituents, may you
meet ihal rnosi cheering and gratifvinc of all
hamm rcwards th6ir cordial grceting of
Wcll don. good nnd f.iilhful servanls.'
And now Messrs. President nnd Senalors,
I bid joj all a long, a laning and friendly fare.
wcll.
mr. unucnatn was liirn dulv
' qualificd and
took his scat: whon
Mr. Prrston. roso nnd said: Whnl had jusl
takcn was an enoch in thefr lec'slalive historv
nnd from the feelings which was evinced, he I
plainly saw that there w.s hlllo disposition to
attcnd to business. He would thcrofore movo
that thc Sena'.e adjourn. which motion was
ununimously agreed to.
THE PUBLIC LANDS.
In the St nntc on Wednesday. Mr. Rives's
srr.or.JrncM, proporing a supnnsion of thodis-
iribution part of thc Land Act, was negativcd
as follows :
Yeas Mrssrs. Allen, Archer, Bagby, Bon
ton, Calhoun, Fulton, King, Linn.McRoberts,
Preston, Rives, Sevicr, Smith, of Conn., Stur
Tbppan, Walker. Wilcox, Willinms.
Woodbury, "Wright, Young 21.
Nays Messrs- Barrow, Knles. Berrici..
Choate, Clay. Clayton. Evans, Graham, Hun
tington. Kerr. Mnngum, Merrirk. Mtller,
Morehead, Phelps, Porlrr. Prcntiss, Simmons,
ih ofnd.. Tallmadgc, White, Woodbridge l
22.
In the Ilouse. Mr. Wisc moved to pledgo
the procccds of tho salesof the Pubhc Lands
to meet Ihe Loan nbout to be crcated. This
motion was negativcd, aycs 77 noes 104;
maionty fur not uisturbing tne Land litll, 27.
The Nutional Intelligenccr rcmatks upon
lls It may be ccnsidered beyond a doubt, and lUeans roso wnn a new proposition.
tbat the policy of the land Bill will not be dis-, I" tho Housc propositions were debateable,
lurbed by the'prosent session of Congrcs." ' and Mr. Filmoro having scnt his to the Chair
We beg to know, thougli, what becomes of it was found to be an amendnicnt to ihe Loan
tho Land Bill in case this tariffis raised as itjBill, whtcli authorized thc Secretary of the
musi be above 20 pcr cenl.
CONGRISS.
IIOUSE OF REPRESENTAT1VES.
Tucsday, Marh 29, 1842.
The followtng petitior.3, prescntcd undcr the
rule this day adoptcd, wcrc handcd in to tho
Rcporter :
I5y Mr. JJ. RANUAIjL, ofiVIatne: Pctitions
of 132 c;tizuns 0f Lewiston, nsking for a pro
tgctive tarifl.
.
By Mr. CHILDS; Pctitions in favnrof a (ar
ifT.from thc city of Rochestcr.signed by 1,700.
AIso, from Mendon, Grccce, Chili, and Web
stcr.
j By Mr. SIMONTON: Thrco memormls
1 froin cilizcns of Lebanon counlv, Pcnnsylva
nia, numerously signcd, nsking thc attention
of Concrcss to the present condition of the
country, rcsulting from thc want of a sufiicient
fnrJfTimnn thn manufaclured froods of other ,
1 nninci ,i. rrmnr fl, ., , : !
i-ijuii 1 IU VUI Itl U 31 tllU 1UIIUVI UUUIlljll i
... . Y :
rnnditinn whcna dflerent svstem nrevailed with
t ianuishin-r one. and to annlv tho !
nrnnpr rptlioiiv.
r r- j
Alen nnn fVfim .iti7pn nf TiniinVi.n rnnnl v.
Pennsylvania, of smilar lmport.
u J- Jl
1W Mr. I.UVRENfiE: A net t on from c t.
izen's of Columbia counly, Pennsylvania, in fa- j Extra Session of Congrcss, when thc Senalor s
vorofanincreaseofdutvon imDorts. 'ere dividcd on t! e Bank Bill. Mr. Clny
The procecdings of a public mming held in felt the Resolutions of the Scnator from Vir
Mnnnntii.Iar.itv. Washinffton countv. Penn. gmia, proposed as n subslitule to his own, to
jsylvania, without distinction ofparty.at which
resolutions were adopted urging Uongress to
increaso the duty on imnorts, to increasc the
rcvenue, es wcll as to protest hotnc induslry
A petition from thc inhabitants of Blooms
bury, Pennsylvania. praying for the samo ob
jcct.
By Mr. BROCKWAY : Thc petition of
Elijah Ilammond and 242 othcrsot Vernon,
Connecticut; of Andrcw F. Kimball and 131
others of Wellingion Connecticut; ofNorris
Lippet nnd 37 others of Killingly,Connccticut ;
of Simon Spaldingand 41 others of Killingly,
Connecticut ; cf William Ftshcr and 173 oth
ers of Thompson, Connecticut; of Justin Swilt
and 40 others of Windham, Connecticut ; of
Alvin Kingsbury nnd CG others of Coventry,
Connecticut ; of John Tracy and 157 others
Willumantic, Connecticut; and of Dycr Clark
and 113 others ofAshford, Connecticut; all
praying for protcction in American labor, cn
terprise, nd cnpital, by imposition of discrim
inatingduticson toreign productions,
Petition of Elihu Ring nnd 12G citizensof,
Tompkins, New York, for thc sama objcct. ,
Pulitiou of Josiah Lctchworth and 39 citi-'
zens, praying Congrcss to rcducc the pay of
members to fivc dollars pcr day, and milcagc
to three dollars for evcry twcntj milcs.
By Mr. ANDREWS, of Ohio : Thc petition
of 72 citizens of Lorrain cnunty and 94 citi-
zens of Lake county,praying for rctrcnchmcnt
and reform in Congrcss.
Petition of 72 citizens of Ashtabula county,
! prayng fr sucn an apportionment as will rc-
uuiuuui w ivw(.iustiiiaiin.j m iUi.
By Mr. IIUDSON: 7'he petition of S. P.
Adams and S00 othors, of Massachusctts. dcal-
ers in straw oods, praying for incrcascd du-
ties upon straw goods.
rctition ot 180 persons, of Leicester, .lass.
praying that no new Stnto bc admitted into the
Union witha Constitution that tolcratcs sla-
very.
Petition of 19G persons. of Leicester, Mass.
against thc admission of Texas into thc Union.
Petition of M. Eakcn and 127 others, iu-
hsbitants of Ann Arbor, for the rcmoval by
appropiate means ofthe British tarifi on grain
ann otner arucies oi proaucc.
By Mr HENRY: Tho memorial of 30 cit-
izens of Bcavcr county, Pa. praying Congress
to take immcdiatc measures to rcculate thc
currency, by passing tho Exchequer recom-
mcndeu by thc Cccrctary ol the Treasury
Corrcspondenco oftlio New York Kxprcts.
Wasiiingto.v, March 30.
Thel joan Bill cscaped ii.s lonrr imnrison
ment in committeo of ihc Whole to.dav al iun
o'clock. Two hundred members were at their
iusim ui uiai iiuui, ru-uuy 10 voio upon tho a
mendments as thcy should bo si.bmitted. Mr,
I Athcrton. ol New' Hainpsliiro, for
the two
b ' h0UI Pr"',ous 'm!1 beTcn PeI""g !'way at thp ' been ordercd to sail dirccily for iho dominions
i Lnud Bill, as if the Land and nnt iho l.nn!.rc...i. a . i i- r !
, ll ., , " , l"B suJe ot aebate. The
hc'?rc l!le n"fs? 1 "'heve was ncvcroncei
UL', ,u 1 ."eve was ncvcroncei
! ;,erreu an'1 " bcen it would prcha-
clock and thc Chairman of tho
.' ? wc ,ho 0ervefJ of allobso.vcrs durin?
early part of tho day. and when tho hour of
iwo cuniu, me opcaKer s namreor gavo the siT
Hnl of .ihe end of as long, jir?levent, personal.
abusive and low a discussion, as evcr Hi
ced any assembly this sido thc Stygian Co-in-cil.
It was ejcs to the blind tosee"the minute
,1 I I r .i .....
anu iiour nanua oi me cioclc tell tho haur of
two, ana an opening tor dearcarsto hear the
Chairman proclaim thc welcome intelligence.
Mr. Atherlon sunk into his chair with his
speech not finished, and rcady no doubt to have
continued until Iwo to-morrow mornin" if the
niember.? around him would havo givcn a pa.
tient hearing.
A scene followed, such as school-boys some
times indulgo in. when"schoolmaster is abroad"
from school. For one hour and snmPiMncr .
vcntscemcdas ifall bedlam hod bcen lct ' mont ofMcxico as thc Executivo ond his cabi
loose. siopper was put upon cvery mem-1 net hold nccesrary to saiNfy the oulraced ditr-
Mo,!nT')p,n Semcd Iiko nn eflbrt ,0 stP nit-v of our nalion' Frtunaiely, our minister
Sron f Z ,he,morne,m f n erup.ion.-i f .here is not to bc divcrted from he paZf his
chosc to submit were nlTewl Th members Icncy- or ,ho sub,,e force of h,s Vniatic tol-
on the thioriginal bill like 'sJv UlT: , r u ny v a
froiic xvhen everybody has n fort in , n . By. the Drr,vaI of o Columbia, dcspatchcs
Somo were ofTered in very wantonnn ! V?' hav0 rcceived from Mr. Everelt, but not
rcr. Somo in tho unsoPhi3iiCMcd L T n,,,,n,.Dff of any great importance.
'catcd tona ofa Thq nrnval of Ird Ashbutlon is now daily
niischicvous disposition some for one purpose 1
Zl Ib foranoiher. bi.t uiany of them in all.
and nearlv all of them lrrclcvant and votcd
down. Genera' Ward was in the chair and
provcd a much bcttcr tacttcian tlnn politictan.
Tliough as many umuly beys as there are
members of Congrcss could not havo bchaved
worse, the Gencra! instituted a sort of martial
law, and in the words of an lionest Hibernian,
"forceil his company to voltintecr." In due
ttme there was submission. A score of amend
mcnls had been conc ihroimh one bv onc.some
0f them disposedof by teilers, and othors by a
viva voce votc, when tho tmportant question
was submiltcd, "Shall tho committee risc nnd
report the billl' A trcmendous 'ay' fiiled the
hall Speaker resumod the chair, the Chntr
inan etcaped from the forum, thc silver-mount-ed
mace tcld thc change: ordor was restored.
and tbo Chairman of Ihe Commhtco of Ways
Treasury to sell the slock of the Government
for whntevcr it would bring, after it should have
been du'y advcrtised by the Departmcnt. Mr.
Filmoro backed his motion by an nb!e, earnust
and eloquent appcal to the Whigsand all oth
eis. to susiam thc anicnument, upon thc grouun
that it was nccossary to obtain rnoncy to sus
tain tho credit ofthe country. Mr. Filmore's
speech was very biicf and very much to the
purpose. Mr. Johnson, of iliarylond, follow.
ed with tho next most efT.clivo speech of the
day a motion for tho previous quesiion.
This put. and tho end of the beginning fairly
sren, ihc iibuse concluded upon a rest, und
adjourncd uniil to-morrow.
The Senato brought much to pass in the
disposition ofillr. Clay's sorics of resohitions
and all thc amcndments pemling. Mr. Rivcs'
wcrc rej;cted by a voto of 22 to 21. Two of
Mr. Clay's wcro adopted, relating to genernl
matlcrs. Thoso of n morc .peeific charactcr
and relating to tho finances of thc Govern-
nient were refcrred to tho Finance Committee.
Olhers relating to relrenchment in onu form
or nnalho r svcrn rcferrnrl tn tlin nnnronrinte
- "I i 1
n : M i i i .i .1
Pf ho series, as of ihe subiect. was found
The debate uoon tho Land Question
was
Mr.
very snics', and botween Mr. (Jlav and
Rives more spiriied than any thing which has
occurreu smce tne memorauie sparnng ai me
j bo personally unkind, as wcll as ofTensivc. of
"'uii'w'w imia.iiui-ii us uuiv-u.an.-u
to prnduen instability in the legislation of tho
country, and to dcttroy all confidenco in the
legislation of the country. Mr. Clay madc a
sublimc and bcautilul oration upon thc ncces
sily morally, politic.illy and socialiy considerrd
of preserving a permancncy in tho legislation
ofthe Government. Ho defendcd the Distrt
bution Bill also with nn carnestncss and clo
quccco worthy of his best days.
Correiponilence of tlic Boeton Allas.
Washington, Thursday, March31.
Mr: Clay's Resigxatio.n ocrt Rlations
WITH MEXICO WITH E.N'GLAND RlCIlT OF
SEABCH NOMINATION OF CoNSUT. FOE Ll7
ERPOOI. OF CoMPTROLLKS.
In tho Senate, to-day, after tho transaclion
of business, mostly ofaprivato nalurc, ilr
Clajs of Kentucky, took the floor, for the pur
pose of inlroducing to thc Senators assemblcd
his fricnd and successor, tha Ilon John J.
Crittcnden. And as this was the day which
some timo sioce. he had givcn oublic notice
he should probably forever bid farewcl! to Sen.
alorial honors and its grcat rcsponsibililies,
public expectatinn was raisrd to its highest
1 pnint, and the cunosity of hundrcds, hours be.
fore the appointed time for the meetins; of tl.o1
Sonate, fillcd tho galleries, tho floor, iho anti.
t chamber, yea, the very passages, from which
1 neilher cye could see the counlcnancf, nor
ears inlercept the words ofthe rctiring States -
man, whosc history has been, forso lung a pe.
imu u nnn-, u i-iujciy Unu iuotuiau. iui.
woven in his countrv's annals.
It has oftcn bcen said of Mr. Clay, that on ;
any occasion for which hc has had timc to '
prepare himsclf by duc delibcration and anx-
icus study, hc has scarccly satishcd the antici.
pations of his friends; his unpremcdiated es-
sivs being always the best, his most brilliant
eflbrts evcr the 'firsllings of his hcart.' His
gei:us, liko tho steeds of Araby's best blood,
is flcclcst and most powcrful, in all the unlam-
cd wildncss of its nnlive course; bcforc it has
fch'tho curb. and is yct ii;norant of the spur,
His spc ech to-day, in many parts, was cxcel-;
icn; in none, uninieresiing; and pcrnaps :
friends and enemies wil! unito in tho oninion. i
that nothitig in thc Senate so we!l bccamo him
as tho leaving it.'
On ihe tcrmination of Mr. Clay's romarks,
i Mr. Preston moved iho adiournmcnt of thc
ness could
, ., .w ...... .w....,
bu transactcd,
1 In thc
! 105 to 86.
Ilouse, the Loan Bill was passcd,
I as i wroic you in my lasi, no mcssage will
1 .
l, cm m ;it,or M ; ,!,:.. , .i
:fairs with Mexico, thongh I find in some of
ho pipers in Now York and Philadebhia. l
that a messace has nlreadv been seni: and not '
1 that alonc, but the wholel lome Squadron has
penments
our Paixhan guns. I am
for the promotion ofsciei
verv sorry, howevcr,
for the promotion ofsciencc and tho fine arts
in gcneral, nnd for tho cralificiition of
my
friend Antonio Lopez di: Sanla Ana in pnrtic
ular, that no such cxpcdition is to bo fillcd out.
The squadron may be wanted nearer home be-
iore long; and, bcside.s, a fngale would be all.
sufiicient toteach the distinnuishcd Mcxicun
the art of naval warfare. as best nrac:i.til hv
j our bold sailors. Our Government has wise-
ly dftermined first to try the virtuo ofthe pen
bcforc resorting lo :ho 'ullima ratio regum.'
tho all-convincing sword. Mr. Dorsey, of
lUaryland, is about leaving the city with in
structions for our Minisler thpre. the Hon
Wnddy Thompson: and from what I learn of
their tenor and characler, his Excellency, ihe
said Antonio, willrelish but little the lerse slyle
of our Secretary for Foreign affairs. Upon
ono pointtho Administration is 'firmasada.
mant;' it wijl inMst upon tho immediaic libera
tion ol every American citizcn captured at
Santa Fe. nnd snnhnnnlnrinc fi-nm ihr, r3...
expected; and as he comes wi'.h full power to
treat upon nll tho confi.cting causec of d.spute
I"'1"'"' . ... p
lations between the two couptnes, not ttll atter
his confercnce has terminated, can thc future
course of policy of either nation be, yith any
dcreeof certainty. prognosticated. Foj my
own part. I am of that number who anticipate
the result of butlitile good from this mission
for, unlesss his instructions aro of a far more
libcral and yielding nattiro than wo have rea
son lo anticipate from evcn the slighi know
lede wehavo ofthe tone ofthe British Mini.s
trvfand the bull.hoaded obstinacy ofthe British
oimrnPtnr. 1 foar his atlemDl3 at negocia'.ion
...i -u ihmfiinn In rfisturb tne amiciiuic iu-
...:n t, in npncrnslinale. inslead of
Wlll W". .. w-. , J"
ilm fihtillition ofour iu3t mdigna
tion. CJpon one ground wc stand immoveable
,nnn nno sirnn-r noint weentrench ourselves
To allow at no titne an vnqualified righl of
searcli. And this pdsition the administration
: ,tiormmnfl tn maintain at cvery hnzard.
Rather than concedu so important and vital
nrinciple ofour very existcncc as a commer-
cial nation, we would eneounter 'tho world in
.rni' And thoush hiuh contracting powers
of another humisphcrc agrec with each other
to insisl upon so great an e.Ucnsion 01 niegm.
male authoritv, tho United States, Iruc to hcr
olf. nni thu al! imnortant principles of a liber.
al commercc, withail tho diplomaiic aouiiy 01
her distincuished sons, nnd, if necd be, with
all her physical strength, will untiring and un
IcrriOcJ, nssert and contnnd for ihe 'largest
libcrty' upon the uncircumscribcd ocenn.
Upon tlat wide cxtcnded plain no law can be
etiforced against a resisting nation. Beyond
tho waler's edge, as all riglils are equal, so no
peculiar claim of any individual nation can be
allowcd. The mutual comiiy of nations, and
tho laws univcrsal practice sanciions, aro tlio
only restriclions (and thcsc self.imposcd) an
independent pcople will to!era:e.
I forgot to mention in my las!, that iho nom
inntion of Mr. Hnggcrty was unacimously
confirmed by the Senale 03 Consul for Livcr
pool an appoinlment alike popular al home
and abroad fo' the genlleman, during his re
sidenco at Liverpool, years since, gniTicred
, .
'golden opinions' from nll pcople and hcre,
wherevcr known, he has been always rcspecl
ed. Thc offico, as I find by relurns at ihe
Siate Departmcnt, is worth about 815,000 per
annum, pcrhaps the futtest in the gift of the
Exerutive.
MeCulloch's nomitiation as Comptroller,
hangs fiic somo say he may bo rejectcd, on
suspicion ofimpropermanagement when cash
ier of a bank in Baltimoro.
P.S. Wc hcar from Texas this morning,
that tho Mexicans are rctrenting home 'as fast
as their legs can carry them.' and that thcir
force has been much overratcd. Prcsident
Houston writes, tho war shall not cuae till
Mexico hns ccknowledged jhe Indcpendenco
of Texas.
IMPORTANT VOTE IN CONGRESS
March, 31,
Tlic rcadcr will be glad to lcarn that ycs
day's sitting was not without fruit in both
Houses of Congress.
In the Senate, the 1st and Gth of Mr
Clay's series of resolutions were agreed to,(tho
11th having becn herctoforc agreed to ;) and
all the rest of tho resoluticns were scvcrally
referrcd to thc appropriate standing commit
tecs. But the important vote of thc day was that
in which Mr. Rive's amcndment, proposing a
suspension ofthe Land Act of tho iast session,
was negativcd hy a majority of onc votc.
In ihc House ok Refkese.ntatives the
Loan Bill was 'akcn out of Committeo of the
Whole, nftcr being amcnded in all respects as
proposed by the Committee of Waysds Means,
and after thc rejection ofa number of other
amcndments proposed to it. The most impor
tant dccision vas that in which n proposition to
suspcnd tho opcration ofthe Distrihution Act
j ofthe Iast session was negativcd by a majority
' of twenty-seven votes being a majority much
j larger than that by which thc Distribution Act
; was passcd at the Iast session in thc Housc of
' Representatives. After all which, th". bill bc-
mg rcpuncu iu inu iiousu, uiu icmuui .
j tion was moved, and the Housc adjourncd.
So that to-day thc question on thc bill and
amendmcnts will bo
takcn and dccided with-
out furthcr debate.
It may bc considcrcd ns beyond doubt, after
thc indications of yesterday, that thc policy
of thc Land Bill will not bc disturbcd by tho
present Congrcss. Nat. Inlel.
From thc N. Y.
Bxpress.
April 1, 1S42.
Proceedings in Congress Confirmation ofthe
First Auditar I'rteale Bills tn the House
oj Representalices Public Opinion in Vir.
ginia upon Proteclion The Projects lefore
Congress, &c,
Tho Senate Chamber which yesterday was
thronged from early morning until thc adjourn-
mcnt, to day presented a most bcggarly ac
count of empty boxcs. The public session
continucd but for an hour, and thc rcniaindcr
ofthe day was dcvotcd to Exccutive businrss.
I he Loan Bill was rcceived from the Housc
and referred to the Committeo of Finance.
The Exccutive session was' for the purpose of
acting upon thc nomination of Mr McCulloch
34 lrsit Comptroller of the Treasurj. After
a secret session of two hours and a half. which
'st have called forth a pretty ani
l.nfn r. ii
imatcd de
by a largo
voie, nearlv two to one. 1 his is a most im
portant action, and relievcs the Treasury De
partmcnt at once from many embarrassments,
Two other small nominations, a Surveyor for
Alabama and a Land Office Commissioncr
were also confirmcd.when theSenatc adiourn
ed to Monday . The Housc havc dcvoted the
whole day to private business, and have ac
complishcd wonders. Scores of priratc Bill's
havc been actcd upon in Committee of Whole,
and arc ready tor the Housc.
The House for this day's work deservo all
praisc. Virginia is moving hcrc in bchalf of
Hcr doraestic intcrcsts and among thc rcccnt
petitions is one of morc than gencral interest,
which Congrcss ordcred to be printed. It cm-
bodics thc proceedings ofa public mccting of
inc iron mastcrs ot ot Virginia. held in Junc.
These men havo adopted resolutions stating
that thc iron intcrcsts of Virginia cannot sus
tain thcmselvcs withot an increasc of'dutics.
Thc Report ofthe Sectetary of thc Treasu
ty upon the rcvision ofthe Tariffis looked for
with great interest. It will bc a most impor
tant document. Mr. Salonstall's Rcport in
the House recommcnds a duty of 30 ncr cent.
generally.and a discriminating duty for protcc--
non. ino chairman deemcd it necessary to
tmpose a tax upon tea and cofiee, but thc ma
jority of tho Committee would nottiko the rc-
8poncibuity. 1 he Committeo of Manufacturcs
is composed of tho Following gcntlcmcn :
Mr. Saltonstall, of Mass.
Jtr. Tillinghnst, Rhodo Island,
air. Randolph, of New Jcrsey,
Mr. Slado ot vermont,
nr. Hunt, of New York,
Mr. Henry, of Pennsylvania,
Mr. Hambcrsham, of Georgia,
Mr. A. V. Brown, of Tennessec,
Mr. Caldwell, of South Carolina.
Tho- thrcc first members were ready, I be-
lievc, to do that which must be done to rescue
the Government from existing embarrassments.
Mr. Hunt has bcen abscnt from indisposittou
for some wccks. Thc other disagreed, nnd ex
cepling Mr. Slnde and one other mcmber, I
bclicve, lntcnd to give in a countcr report.
The Committee of Manttfacturcsin thc Sonate
it is suppossd. will rcport in a few days.
Yours, E. B.
ConKEspoNDEscE of the Expnnss.
Washington, Arpil 2d. Saturday Evening
The Senate did not sit to-day,and thc Housc
of Reprusentatives has dcvotcd tho day cxclu-
sively to private business. The bills yesterday
actcd
upon in Committeo ofthe Whole, were
this morning reportcd to '.he House, and after ,'" v -auC.au, llI0 oi,
being engrossed many of them were read. position, in this region, are endeavoring to
Thc reading upon the final passagc consuraed screen themselves from thestorm of public in.
thc grcater part of tho day. 1 dignation, which is ragirg around them, for
Tho business ofthe day has been of interest c . , . .
only to tho individual claimanls, nnd noeffortl, " u,'"u'" " ,nveiernl
was madc to go to the public cnlendar. hostihty to protcction, by clmrg.ng tho disas.
T ic new Comptroller ofthe Treasury Dc-trous results ofthe Comptomisc bill to thc
partmcnt cntered upon the duties of his office Jwhig; pariy. undcr the guidance of Henry
to-day. Clai', as if Henry t-Jav, who has cver bcen ru-
Tho confirmations in Executivo iession ycs. I , , , , - .
. i n ; n TUr. r pu eo 'hc faiherof the American svstem. whoso
terdav were some eight in all. 1 no name ot , ' , . ,n
Mr. Powcll as Consul at Rio Janoro.was among ; ver' fSt 5P"cch in Congrcss was upon ths
them, nnd sincc tho ar.tion ofthe Senate there jSubjeci of protccting domestic induslry, nnd
havc been rumors afioat adverse to thc appoin- who has never since quailed ihrough good or
ted. Tho Consul until now at Rio Joncro, ' h rough cwi r eport , to uphold it with V.l the
was Geornc VV. S acum,of this Distnct. Thcro ' , . '
. b- ,. ,,';!,, vro p U powers oflns splcndid cloquencc, as ho pa -
is no news m the city to-night. lours, tu. 15.
ladium of our best intercsts. had wantonly
i -
Corrospondencc of tho Express.
Washington, April 4lh Monday Evening.
Thc President to-dny sent in the fol'owing
nominations
Alexandcr Hamilton, Jr. of New Yoik City,
Secretary of Legation to Spain, in place of H.
Coswell, whodiclines iho appointmeut.
j"ohn S. Maxwell, S ccretary of Legation lo
St. Peiersburg, in place of Mr. Motley, who
desires to rr.tura. -
Accompanying thosc nominations, the Pres
iilcnt sent in a messaco withdrawing ihe nom
inalion of Alexandcr Powell, as Consul to Rio
Janeiro, herctoloro made by him. Tho Sen.
alo think a new nomina'ion necessary, and the
question under considcration to-day hns bcen
partiy ofttrischarncter.and partly in rtfenuicc
to the manner of Mr. Powtll's success in pro
curing the appointmenl.
The President among oiher nominations to
day sent in ihe names ofseveral consuis who
wcrc appointed during tho rcccss, but whose
nominations havc not been considcrcd by the
Senate.
Lord Ashbuiton made hiscntrce in ihc city
to-day from Annapolis, where the frigale Wnr
spite, which brought him out, will remain a
while. His Lordihip had selecteJ comfort
able quarters in advance of nis coming; and
will be a houstkerper ns long as he remains
in tho city.
The Mississippi and Mifsnuri arrived al
tho city to-day from New York. The stcam
crs atlracted great curiosity in coming up the
rivcr, and will bo visitcd by thousands of peo
plo here ns great curiosities-
Tho Loan Bill will bo called up in the Scn.
alo to-morrow. It i rcporled by the finance
com"iittce in tho prccise form in which it pa.
sod thc Ho'J-c, and I think will pass ihc Sen
ate in the same form. The Loco Focos, hovv.
cvor, have resolved lo maka horri l war upon
tho measiire.
Mr. Cuihing in the hon-e to-dny made a
mo'.ion to consider the Exchequer Bill. Tho
House objecled, but the mover was not stren
uous in consequence of acting upon ihe Civil
and Diplomatic Bill.
The House of represcniatives met al eleven
o'clock to-day, a'ld devo'eJ tha whole session
lo tho consideratio!! of tho Civil Diplumatic
Bill.
The committeo of fiuanco in the Senate to
day, rcport.;d the bill from tho lluusc lo c.xtciid
and increase the loan. Mr. Evans, tho chair
man of the committee, gave notice ihat he
should to-day ask for tha considcration ofthe
bill.
Mc. SLADE'S SPEECH
Wc cnrncs'.lv commend to the profound ut
lention and cnlightened judgement of every
render thc able and conviucing Speecii of
Hon. Wm. Slade of Vt. showing tho cbsolute
unanimitj' and zeal of every eminent Statcs
man whorn onr Country hns produced in
favor of I'rotecting Uomcstic Induslry, the ac
quiesccncc and union of all partics which evcr
cxisted in this Country (except thc Tories of
ilm Rl-vnlnlion in sunnorl ot lllis nolicv. and
ihe immincnl nccessity which now cxists for
iis rc-adorUton and maintainar.ee as csseniial the oompromisc bill, as thc only means ofsar
tn all inlerests and all suctions ofthe Country. J ;nC th0 mnnufactiring intiwst from instant
Mr- Slade.s Speech is very long-longer than J annihiIation , ; couId he oblaj a oaso
anv document we shall usuallv pubhsh bnt is '
in good part made up of perti'ncnt and forcible j Co a ftJW -ve3rs of '' 10 lha munnfacturers.thnt
quotntions from Washington, Jefeerso.v, a favorable change in public sentimoni would,
JIadison, nnd the Sagcs and Patriots ofour! t length, securo tlTern a permanent and pros
Revolutionary era, ns also from our more mod- a iat0ice Bu, unhappi from that
ern Statesmen. showi-ig the absolutc necessitv
of Protecting Duties on Foreign Products to , dy u,Ul1 ,hc revolution of 1840, ns in tho be-
ourNational Indipendencc and welfare. Long ' ginning, locofccoism has becn triinming its
as it is, theic is not a paragraph that wc could aails to catch the breezes from tho sunny
consent to spare. We cntrcat the Funners, sout) Thc ,estructivc party havo wielded
iMechinics and U orking Mcn ofthe Umon to .,, ,;,
r ii -. . i cvery nossiblo weapon against it, and cven
consider canfullv its argumenls. andcomparc J 1 , , ' ,. . .
them wilh thc cas'y fl.apncv, the pcrt assuranco nokV' ,ts hadera a"J ,cad,"S pr,nls are Punng
the irrelevent common.p'laces of ihe Free' out upon it wormwood and gall ofthe bitlerest
Trade theorists ofour day. Only lot both ( east, to tho completo satisfaction of their
sidcs bc heard by the toiling millions whose in-; Southern allies. But why should we urgo an
torcsls aro so deeply involved in the decision j . , , . .
ofthis controversy, and we shall cherfully a- 'hor. sJaWo to show what h.story confirms,
bidc their vcrdict American Labvrer. (shal t was the swceping and deadly influenco
Deslructive Fire. We lcarn that a most de.
structive fire took place in Charleston. N. II.,
on Thursday evening nnd Friday. It com-
menced in tne old jii and is reportcd to have
becn communicated lo the buildine by one ofi,ne savir ofthe country from immediateand
iho prisoners- The fire commcnccd at 11 o'.
clock, and in its progress dcstroved tho old iail
and Court house, a brick store formerlv occu-
pied by V.Lovcll Lsq. tho stables and sheds
beloncing to the Hassam tavcrn. D. Holton's
Saddlers shop, tho hotel and out buildings of
j. onow, tne congrcgationai church, which con-
tained a valuablo organ, all ihe sheds coniigu.
ous to the C.iurch, and a new birn belonging
to Mrs. Walker. The amount of loss wo have
heard variously estimated from 20 to 30.-
000 dollars. What amount was insurcd wc
nro unable to learn. Most sincerely do we
sympathize with the siifTercrs. Bellows Falls
Gaxetle.
Encke's Coniet. A writer in tho Unitod
Slates Gazette calculates thot Encke's Comcl
Isnowapproachingtheearth attheratoof two
niillions of milcs a day, and that its distanco
from us would be rcduced ono lialf in les that
thrce weeks. It is supposed that it may short
ly be seen, by the cid of a good trlescope.
Wc find the following in thc last No. of Ihs
Bnstnn Post :
Encke's Comet has becn observed by Prof.
E. O. Kendall, at the high school obscrratory
in Philadelphia, wilh the eight feet fraunbofer.
It is about two minutes nnd thrco quartero
south of the place assigiied to it in Encke's
Ephemeris.
PEOIiE'S PRESS.
i Tuesday Morning, April 12, 1842
. -
HISTORY OF THE C037PROMISE
BILL.
Tn tf)o nmCpnl linnpnvinrr r T mtKK nI.4
' . r ' '. , 1
(put a knife to thcthroal ofthe offspring ofhis
own creation, and made shipwrcck of a svs
tem which u identified wilh his fame, and
fraught with such inca'cuiablc blcssings to hi
country. This chargc can only bc nnde out
by ctilting history iii two, in the mMdfr, nnd
contemplating Henry Clay, in the first in-
stauco, introducing the comproniisc bill, with
out looking back to sec what transpired pre
vious to thut perjo J. A retrospsct will sha w
the cliarge to be as falje as the A!ciran.
Wc all rccoilect the exci'.cment of the whole
South, in 1832, Dgainst the lariir. In Nor.
1S32, South Carolina pissed ordinances
nullifying ihe rcvenue laws of tho Union, de
clnred ihrm unconsiitutional, forbid tho statu
cuthorities from enfjrciug them, and threatcn
rd that if tiie Uaitrd Siatcs sho'ild atlempl to
coerce them, tho Stateof South Carulina itoulJ
scccde from Ihe Uuinu. This rcbel slaie was
sustaineil, if not to ihe fuil extcnt of her nul.'i
fication, at cm in hcr opposition to thc tarifi.
by nll the states on t! c oiher sido of thc Poto.
rr.ac; and 'down with ike t.irif, lomahaick Ihe
tarijf,' was the cry which rung through tl;o
wliole Soutlu-rn scction of the Uninn. Thco
it was that in a moment of ex.isuerntion. Gcn.
Jucksoa if u- d his famous proclnma'.ion.
threaleiiing veiigcnrute to nuiSifiiratiim aad tu
J. C. Calhoun anu his coai'jutors, who had
courishcd it Ivlo existenrr. But within ono
short month, what a change ramoovcrtho
ipirit of his dreams. In his juccui ding mtw.
sago to Cungiei, thujiori hcnrtt d Jackwon
fa-Aiied assubniivsively lo lliosc 'he lnd rtbuk
cd, as ifihcy had be.-n so many Androclese..
w ho were cnpabl of t-xtracting a thorn f.om
his paw. Hc thcreiu dcclares ll nl tho iduf.
ofa penrane it prorective tarilF wa not lo bo
admitted for a moment. aiul that it should h
retaincd only upon arlicles r.cccssnrj' in war.
The word was foliowcd by tl.a deed. and 3l"r.
Vorplank, a Jacksou man. and Chairman of
iho Committee of Way.s nnd Means, immcdi
ntely introduced n bill, abandoning tho pnnci
ple of discrimination nltogclher, and icducing
duties to a iiorlzo.ital tarifrof 15 per ceiit.
This bill, which the political cconomists ofthe
d .y wi-11 undcrs'.ood, would prostrato all tiie
manufacturcs ofthe country, was strenuously
opposed by Mr. Clay ar.d ihe whole whig par
ty, nnd ns warmly susiainei by thc whole
Jackion parly, until ihc votes upon ieveral in
cidental questions clearly indicolcd iis certain
passagc through both branches ofthe Legisla-
luro. It vras at this crisis, with tho concur-
rer.ee of most of thc friends of protection in
J Congress, that Mr. Clay camo forward with
of Jacksonism, which, in 1833, madc thc adop.
tion ofthe Compromisc bill necessary 'as a con
servalive measure, and that at the time, Mr.
Clay was hailcd by the friends of protection ns
utter prostration, wnich tho adoption ol tha
Verplank bill would havc brought upon it.
Who docs not know that, hud tho Jackson par
ty al the north united with the whigs insustain
ing the tariiTof 1823, this country would thu
moment bo the most prospcrous nation on
carth. And cven during thc prcsonl session
of Congress. -were it not for iho humiliating
fcalty of thc norlhern Iocos to southern slave-
holders, and the clogs which thu unholy alli
anco is incessantly throwing in tho way, a
singlo month of honest legislation would bo
sufiicient again to replaco tho countrv on iho
highway to prosperity nrid greatncss.
In conclusion, wo defy any oppositionNt tn
I