The Northern galaxy, and Middlebury people's press. [volume], December 13, 1843, Image 2

About The Northern galaxy, and Middlebury people's press. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1843-1844

Image provided by: University of Vermont

                
R-"iU.d'"e to bc nigbctotl, rcroam slill to !c
a'ljiutsd between tha two couutsics. By tlie
Trcaty batween tha Unltctl States and Great
Britain, of Jufy, 1313, it is providcd that no
highsr dhlies shill lie levied in cithir cduq
try oirnrtictes importcd from thc olhsr, than
011 tlu sunc articles imported from any otli
cv placc. In 173G, roush ricc, by act of pnr
lhm 'iit. was admittcd frjm tlis coast of Af-
ri'ca iuto Grc.it Britain on thc payment of i
duty of one penny a. quarter. white thc samc
axticle from al other counlries, incluilia;; the
rcscnttitioiH upon it.
Sjme years since a cl
:I;um was preierrcu ,
aeaian th; liritish Govcmmcnt
of ccrttin Araerican mcrclnntf
hnnuslortnereiura
of cport d.U P teS on meuts ,
r .-i..-, r.nn.U in thc I'nitcd Statcs
tlw dy on sunilar artic . s cxportcd to other
c jnptrin hid becn reps-Ltl, and cotucqucnt-
ly iu contravcntion of thc commcm,!. con-
vention bctwccn tne two nntions nccimng to
nj c.iunlityiu such cascs.
The priuciplc on
wliictitiie ciann rcsis nas un? sir.cc uccu
virtually ad.nittcd by Great Britain, but ob-
jtieL-i to a settlemcnt havc from lime to timc
which t!ie ci.-uin rcsis
has lons since becn
bo -n iutcrposcd, so tliat a IarRe portion ol
tfj j amouut clairncU has not yct liecii refuud-
irciuua-
I ;.. tlm
-.. . . ...l :
prvisccntion of the claim
ncrsuade myself that the
and I caimot but
inot but'
iuui nut
.uadomy
will uo longcr dclay its adjusUncnt,
I am hannr to be aWc to say th;
T tn M., tn v ibat noihinir
hrji occarred to disturb in any dcgrcc the re
MU ' l J fcM " J O
luions ofamity hich cxis, bctwecn the Uni-
tcd States anJ I-rance. Austria nmi Jtuts.a,
a u cll as ith thc olber 1 Wrs of Europe,
ncctte adjournmcntof Conerc Spam
.tatcl with imcruai cop ni.ions ,
formanvycars, from.be eUects o wmcn.t,
1, T CoBti.tal posse'ons are concerne, ,
"b" " ' r.
its amio.-i iurs.iui.-u .i...uu..., i.-j O..,.,uo ,
jiawcr aail iniportanc
timc of morc than twci.ty
7 Gcrmau Statcs,
"1 ..r or nnn irfl r
Uu.te.l btates, was robjecua to t.io paymcni CT" V1; dcro,tory t0 thc lst day of July in cachyear. The accounts
of n da'y of twcnty s ..Ihngs a quarter. Our I I'X'm and deSmental to the 1 and cstimates for the currcnt iiscal year, w 11
MlnateratLonJpn from tm.e to time ! nanon grantm w coul(l show that the loans and Treasnry notes made
brrattha subjccttothe consulerat.on of , mtewtt ol W. W ' , pmit any such and issued before the close of the last Con
ths Mntah Oovemment, bnt o far .thont, P""". u?Svan?a5 Considcr- gress, tomcetthe anticipated deficiencyjl.ave
sutcesj. Heis mstnictcd to renew his rcf- 'ef i1"0"'0 ,f.m ,u tt.,:,,! Lt hpnn nn.irelv adcnuate. Allhouch on
uie muiua, jrU.spc-.. .,. u.c ,u . protraction of This trausition, although in .matciy conncc-
, I ? 1 tcd with thc prospcrity of the'country, has
The Gcnnauic Aocintimi of Customs lst ic3. col0. ' ncvcrthclcss becn attcndcd with much em-
and Commcrcr, wlnch, nce its cstablish- 1 litse L uited Sstatcs "'r.J V"r , t barrassment to the Government, in its finan
,neti..lSW. ha3bccnsea.lily growiSin mal dcpcndcuce. nudcsUbhcdmdcndcnt , as the fo'rcignin,port-
pcoidMn.i.Mirorallthepurposcsofcou.mcr-lntten.incdtosubjUBate
rial intercourse w.h . othcr and w.th for -
,,gn rfite, oITcrs to tho lattcr thc most vah, -
"'rerthecar
power! rtXZL X I im -
portance oflhe Gcnnan Union has uevrr
hvihelTnited Statcs. Thc
in.luMry. monility aud otbcr valuable quali-1
aL l,nv ...l-nvl,,,
""V - .:
Uii this tiilijcct J iiivitc tlie nttcution ot
ooughMlo te rcpori o. ...e ccrciarj-... .
. t . . .1 r
onr r.,f!m. ia a.ln.ittp.l frfi of ilntv. nml the
our cotlou is ailnuttcil Iree oi iluty, nmt tne
duty ou ricc has becn much rcduced, which
Iifs already lcd to a prcaily increascil con
siuiiition, a strong disposition has becn rc
r.,uily cviuccd by that great body to reducc,
lijnui c-crtaiti coniliiion?, their present duty
upon tiihncco. This licing thc first iiitima
tion of acoucc-'sion ou lhis iutcreatiiig subject
cver mnle by any Kuropcan power, I can
n.it but regar.l it as wcll calculated to re
mnve ibc oulv impeilimmt ivhich has go far
existcd to the most lilicral comniercial inter-J
r.iiirsu bctwccn us aud thcm. Iu this view,
ou.- Miuistcratlierlin, ivho has hprctoforc in
dustriously pursuod thc suliject, has becn in
slructcd to eutcr npou the ncgociatious ofa
cainmcicial trcaty, which, uhilc it will opcn
a Ivautngcs to the ngriciiltural interests of thc
l.'nitcd Statcs, auil a morc frce and expanilcd
fielii for counucrc ial cpcralious, willalTcctiu
jiiriousiy no cxistitii; iutcrcst ofthe Union.
S.'iuld tlie ncgociation be crowncd with guc
cc&s, its rcsidts will be coiniuimicated to both
IIoiijcs of Congrcss.
I coinmuntcate hcrewith ccrtaiu dcspatch
ci rcccivcil from our iWinister at Jlcxico, and
also a rorrcspondcnce v.-hich has rcccntly oc-
nirretl lictwccu tlie I'.uvny Irom tnat llcpuli
l!c and thc Secretary of Statc. It muft bc
reanleil as not a little cxtraonlinary that thc
(lovcrnmcnt of illexico, in auticipatiou or a
rublic (ILocusjion, which it has becn plcascd
tn infcr from ucwspaper publicationi, as like
lr to tilic placc in Contrress, rclating to thc
r:iu.'"atiou of Tcxas to the Unitcd Statcs,
f'kiuI.I Imvc so fnr anticipatcd thc rcsult of
jmcli Uiicussiou as to liavc annonnccil its uc-
tcrniination to visit any surh auticijiatcd dc
iii.iu y a fonnal ilccliration of war ngainst
tlie Unitcd Sfitcs. If dcsiu. d to prcvcnt
0ii:irc3S from iutroitiicins that qticstion, as
,: Ct sshject for its cabiidclihcration and linal
jii'l-nncsit, tli!" Exrrutivc has no rcason to
ihubt that it wil! cutirely fail of its oliject.
The Kcprescntativcs of a brave nnd"patriotic
p?oplo willsulfcrno apprchciision of fiiturc
imscquences to cmbarra?s them iu the coursc
:f tbcir propocd delibrrations. Nor will thc
Kxccritive Dcpartinciit of the Govcnsuiciu
f-:!, fcrauystich eaius.todiscbargeits wbolc
fiu'.v ty countrv.
" ho war which b;.s cxislod fur so lcng n
t:me betwccn ilcxico and Tcxas has, since j
tho battle of Snn Jacinto, cniwsted fur the iirgcii vutli rcncwcazcal. tnal and difficulty.similar to thoscthrough cie corlstitutes n tandard of value by
most part or tlie prcdatory iuc..rs;0..j, which , ' which wcarcpasssing.tl.ecapitalistmakcs whch lhe operationa of socielj re regu
wlnle thcy bad becn atlended witn much of . ' :l , ' V .!. . his invcstmcnt in thc Government stocks , , , , . . -. 1
ruflVring ,0 individuals, an.l have kept thc 1 J V0" enMnlt of with the most assured confidence stocks . '"!d. ad whatsoever causes its deprec
LorJcrs or the two countncs in a state of : 'P ' ' '"ST" J? .-J. L 2! ;.h n.P most nsSrrd confidence of ulti- tion, affects soc.ety to an extent nearly,
""r1 :,i!laVM !T-a',! 11 ' ,
e " ,, 1. . 1... , 1 r..-
- J .... . '
Jhe su'iiuation of Toxas. EHitrcar hai c I
now cbipsed siuce Tcxu decJar.1 h.-rindc- "1u,l,co ll,uu,,"5 '
,.cn,rcnce of Mexico. r l dur.ng tbat lime ' ' ou bet,v"n 'yo powers, whosc interests arc
,ibe Iips becn recognW.l as a sotcrcipi pow-1 ,0 omo fx.,elnt ,n"7rv.eD w,,h eac,h ? .Iier;
crbvsevcndor tbe priuciple chiiizcd statcs.' . Onr Jinnstcrat Cb. h:has succccded m in
Sleico. nevcrthclcsl pcrsevercs in hcr plan d.uclni: 3 "':ognit.oti l.y that (.ovcninicnt, of
(.fre-cou'.ueL aud rcWs to rccoruie hcr "jnsl'.ncut eircctcd by his prcdcccssor or
I'tucst, aud ri'lucs to rccoguue licr
1 1" m ...1 t
v. hidilhavcalhulcd. havoi.ccu.ittcu.lc.1 in "'i1"- . I hcirst instalmcnt has been receiv- tion of public afTairs, is to guard the pub
one liistancc. with i!ie brcakiue up of tbei Cl'b,3' . cl;-"na,s ' tl,e l"iI,eU felalcs- lic crcdit. In re-establishing the crcdit
rouryufjtiMicebyjhcsciziugupimthcpcr-! . "t of the cxcl.ange or ratification 0r ofth;s ccnlrai Government, the rcadiest
of th.. j.lKc.:. j.,.-y nnd officcrs of thc ' .e ,rca,J" 1 1 fra' takc placc at , d fc . fc torestore
rourt. aud .fk-giug t,4 aioll, nith umrm- j "13- I.,as cot Jt reac hcd th.? countiy, but , J 3 ST, eTtrcm;ties
oil, auathcrcwrB.ro,,-;.on.!!at.tcitizcu.iu-!,sshorlI'M'e:tcdto bc receivcd,hen the ttie crcdit ot tlie states. Xlie extrcmmes
jo a cruel avJ o-prc5ivc Xuri"e, tlms icav-1 ''"' uI'on xlat IJcl,ublic ss bc ean only be made sound by psoducing a
-iax erimf t- g aiijwniAci :, j" hnn.ortnlitv i "ItWated and paid. hcalthy action m the Ccntral Government,
jopiss unrcproved. " conscqncnce of a inisunderstanding bc-' and thc history of the present day fully
. . . r . , . , , , twcen this tiovcrnn.cnt aud that of IJucnos ' cstablishes the fact, that an increase in the
dZlZTnrrV.U l ali" 1 A rcs' u"urr!"S cl years ago, this Gov- 1 vaIue ofthe stocks of this Government will,
-o v...i-
ator3 mauy year ntjim.-t.-a ui-,
two
Statcs, hunianity luw bad great causs tuia.ist.mtl . rcsijcut
mptit. .jr 13 uc!t a cou
i-.uioa oi ii migs iui
bc deplarel only because cf tbe imlividual
TbeclTecls are
f..r morc extcasjve. i ureMnr o. u.c
T..:..,.., 1.-. .-rriii ths Karlh for liw
jrsting pl.ice, an l iu iruiu ior ius wiii-.
j.iicc. Wlntcver, th.-rcrore, shall uiako tbe
rt or niiy pirt of it a scens or dcsolation,
efT.f injuriously lx:. h.Titage, aud may be
rcsirJcd a a gener.il c.il.iinity- Wars may
- s.rji'tinus be iiecct.siry ; but all mtioiis have
p eo-iiaiiiin'r-st i.i tiriu,;i:i tlum pcedily
f .i ctas . Tiu I'aii 1 f1: a.-s havc au iimne
diue ijler'-ii iu t.nlcud put to tbe
i,l ite of hjsliU ies exietiiij bctwccn Mcxico
and Texas. Thy are our neighliors, ofthe
snn- ro-jtiiii.it. with W i m wi are: not
hmIc dejiroiu of Cflijvatiur tli: rt-latious of
nii.it but ol tha luditi'Xteuilcd commcrfial
i j ..-j iur.;. au I lo pr.ictice all tbe rijhts of a
ii ; .ii'..v!iia.l iio.v""ll'iy Our own iiitercstn
i, i- il -''. t i.niU-C inatter.smc.liow-
neutral mnv bc cmr conrse of policy, wc .
othopc tocsiapc the effects ofa spirit;
cvcr
cannot liopc to csiapc the eHects olaspmt
of jealousy on the part of both the powers.
ior can tlus uovernment be lnuinereniio
the fact that a wurfare such as is waged be
twceu those two nations, is calculated to
weaken both powers, and firially'to render
and cspccially tho wcaker of the two, the
suhjccts of'mterferenca on the part of stron
ger aud niore powcrful uations, which, iutent
ouls- on advauciii" their owu peculiar views,
ouiy ou aiaunug i
iium.iiMu , i .
umy sooncr or latcr aucmpt 10 ..r.ug u.
i 1 ut.i
j ?-..:'r r. .)
i 3 -,,.;. an(1
- - enc s n "
. ; hem and that nirt
" wimm oT tho
of .h" '".""L ad
Vla . ".71. " Y.:i ;;,i;. ivlih
,Y ..r::r';?r ,!rnl uHtiiutioHb
uuiia r j
onwelves, ttus uovcrnmcuu w -
v-, nS-iTcllasofsvm-
ry cons.derat.ou f
pathy, to sce that she shall be lelt Irec to act,
esjicuan m b-"" ' . , .!. .!:,. v
.u"j .mm. j . .
orviewsofothcrcountnes.
aw
nr vip.ivb
' i ' view oi a. iuo c""s"'t'""u'"I C
Infiiltviewofall theso consiilcrations, tho
....... . . (.
tcd a ccntiuuancc ol tlie war. anu now anx;
ious it desircd to witucss iU tcrmmation. 1
cannot but think that it becomcs thc Unitcd
canno: TZ R
ZT.
to. to hoW a lan5nage to fliexico upon
Uect o. an mKnno.g cnarac r
"" ". ",Tf,V n,n1 Rfnll,
" T 7
- j 1 1- . 1 1. ., ,.,.,.i,7-,r.,l 91
macpcuu ""Vshe ought not to cx-.
. . . ... ,,, ,nfll. n
. JJUCl lliaiUlHUI IIU11UU3 -
- .11... ......i n
i iuiiuti'i
iiij wasicu ner cncrii.-3iii """i" "
duc thcm for a css ncriort than jJlcsico nas
i: ...Itl. irnii tht cnniliuon oi , a uwuc, umih aunum yUM..
" Zoionl
, XZSKe MgS
, l ft.iy 0f
UUC
ll.roudcta wcll nsUt powcrful nations of ,
I bo cartb, it conld iu no way disparagc Mcx-
i " to imitate. Miilc, thcrcfore, thc txc-
cutivc woul.l deplore any coll.sion w ith iMcx-
ico. or anv dis.urbance ofthe fncndly rela-
!.:... ,.i,:;i,,;i,m,iI,mw rnmitripo.
... , - -- " ' " " f
,. .. tatArnP it rtmtr lir tnii'nnl-4 l Pt-
ber iudcpendcuce thc Uuited Statcs have
lous; siuce dcclarcd thcy would do, as entire-
ly indccndcnt of Jlexico
Ihe iiizh oi)li-
gations of public duty may cnforce from tbe
conM.tutcd autl.orit.es of the UjuttdSiah.
ifXJZ&&v!z
di.ee ; aud the Executive, in such a coutin-
gcncy, will with confidence throw itsclf upon
thc patriotism of thc l'eople to sustain the
uovcrumcut in its coursc oi action.
Jleasuresofanunusualcharactcfhaverc-
ccntly becn adopted by the lexiean gOTcrn-
mcnt calculated .uno Bmall dcgree t0 affcc
thc tradeofothcr nations with Mcxico, and
toopcratcinjuriopslyto the Uniicd Statcs.
All forciguer;. by a dccrec of thc 23d day of
Scptcmber, and aftcr six mouths from its pro-
mulgations, arc forbi.ldcn to carry on the
busiuessofsclliugbyrctailanygoodswithiu
i.ii. luuuura ui intuk uiu
.c our 3Iiuister has uot failcd to rcmon-
strate.
. The.radchcrctoforccarricdonbyourcit-
izcns with Santalc.m which much capital
was already iuvested, and which was l.ccom-
ingofdailmcrcasiiiginiportancchas sud-
denlybecn arrcstcd by a dccrce of virtual
probibition on the part ofthe Mexican Gov-
cm.nent. Whatcvcr may be the right of
?Ier" to.P.b:,t.any. j,?I?.e"'ar. rrHC: f
powers, this Iate proccdure, to say tbe lcast
of it, wears a barsh nud uufricndly aspcct.
Tbe instaliiicnta on tho clniins rcccutly
scttlcd by thc Couvcntion with Mcxico havc
bccnpunctually paid as thcy havc fallcu duc,
aud our Ministc t is cugaged in urging the cs-
t....,.,,.,.,i,.t m c. tu.......,.. m
of uiindjusted clnimrs.
IVith tlie olber Amcrican
Statcs our rcla-
tions ofaniity auil cood Aill havc remaiucd
"''rrupted. Our JH.uistcr ncar tbe Ke-
public offcw Grcnada, bas succccdcd m cf-
recti..3aua,ljst.ncut Ofthe claiin upon that
Government f..r the schooncr " By Uhance,"
wh.ch bad been pcndin: .for many jxars.
;tB .rr X;n.r S:-t r .1.- i 1.
lic of Columbia, and iiHlcmuificatioii for
which siuce the dissolution of that Kcnuhlic.
nas cvolveil on its scvcml mcmbcrs, willbc
P are entcrtaincd thal the sa.uc spirit of
f nvlirp will innnpnro .niin,la in nrrlrinir
F rcuiaining
-----v"'.' J - .
iu iiisi. ciniins in ine cassc oi me "liaccdo-
t ciiiiiiuiH uas
s rc.naiucd unreprescnted at that:in a majority f instances, be attcndcd by
i;a lmnister from it has becn con-1 ' J - , r .i .i. r
i...,. i,. ti, .! V- .. an increasc m the value of thc stocks ot
Jcut neie. lhe causes orimta-t.. . . T. , , , r ,
t court; bile
,; h:ivc iu a
i gTcat measure passed away.nd
iiuc,'0""!1' a"0D' ,n Tic,T of important
try, at spc rarIy riod d rf ,
! session of'' ... . i me present
of lhe :
bctwccn thc tivo C," .If " ' " rclal,ons
cn.ltL,,n rpc.... , .. . ..
Uiuler thc provis, ,
crcss of the h't scssio.3.", act of Con-
Jpaicbed rromdie I'nitcd"' J2
August ot thc prcscnt vear, M) "
latcst accouuts we have'from hiin, om. i
;..'P...n it.o o;,i. r T?sntS,u-
Iu regard to the Indian tribes rcsidinj
uithinourjurij-dicu'onal Iiiuits, the- createM
vigilancc of the Govcrniucnt hn$ lieen exer
fd to preprve them at peace amoug tlieiu
elve,and tolnpircthcm wilhfeeliugof con
fideucejn lhe jntice orthis governnrent.and
to cnlnVate frjendship with the bordcr inhab
ilants. Thh Ius liappilysuccceiicd to a great
cxtent; but it is a subject of regrct that thcy
suffcr tbcuiselves in some instances to be im-
posed upon by artful and designing men
and this notwithstandiog all the cflbrts of the
GoTernment to prevent it.
The fcceipts into theTreasury for the caj
endar yearlS43, exclusive of loans, were Iit
than eishtcen millions of dollars;
and the expenditures, exclusive of payraents
on the publicdebt, will have bcenabout twen-
. .... e .JII- . Tt,- thn Arl ftf
ly-mrec mi:uuu u ....
j ,rranrpmpnt of the fiscal vear
rZ: .?;7i ,nn' ih
tlii. ttnf Dr.ioher last. tnerc was a oaiance
tlinTrpnsnrv. in consenuence of the nro
anpropriations already made by Congrcss
w an(1 , , a probab,e
close of Ihe present Hscal year. There are
ouutanding Trcasury notes to about the a-
mount of four millions six hnndred thonsand
dolhn: andshouldthey be retnrncd npon
!- thc Treasury during the fiscal year, thcy wHI
,l, rpr,
renuire provision lor tueir rcuempugu. a
doqnolhowcrer rcgard this as.probablc, since
uo oI)viousf cntered int0 the curren.
rv of the country, and will continue to lorm
. f . .f h s.-stcm now adopted oe
a portion oi k, . i nm'nt:n(r
continuca.
rrro
continucd. Tlie loan of ,1841, amonnting
nro Twfi fla fIl due bn thc 1st of Jan
ar, 1815. and m..,t beprovidcd for or post-
sources ot revenue suuu u ""-y j
crcascd by you. there bPbr
ncic fi1e service of the fis al year cnd-
j' 300,. 1845. ot upwarda. ol about
'"t! ,00 incidcnt .0 an cnom.ou.ljr
c,ceSsive nancr circulation, which gavc a ht-
titious va,Ue , evcry thing, and stimnbrted
nrnmnllv rcileemaoic iu Mictic,
false alucs have disappcarcd, and a sounder
condition of things has been introduccd.
. - .!.: .
m rnnltl reecive navmcni lur iucu i.iura
, , . ,i, 1
m t; u. bj - 1
Ihcir profits being immcasnrably augmcutcd ,
by the operation, tbe .shipmenu ere large ,
a"d hf"7nue f ,llC Government becan.e j
supcrabuudaut. 1
But the changc in thc charactcr of the
. ,
Inn Cmrrt -1 tinminnl nn1 nnnnrpnt-
f'j ;
V reai vaiue in tne nrst siages 01 ua i-ai-
tence. to an obviously uepreciatco vaiue
,1 n flmt it tiolonirnr answcrcd
lhf mimn(K nl orr.liniKTn OT UariCr. ailU
:Tlr.T- 7 " . S - . '
:c and a nancr circulation combined. has
Kn .n,!p,i ,v ,i;,ninisbpd ininortations.
, cn- r ; r.,ni,o
in(iuced Conoress, from 1637, to
hTc'pedicnt of iiuina Treasu- '
:
order to supply dcficencies. I cannot,
howcvcr, withhold the remark that it is in '
n0 way cotnpatiblc with thc dignity ofthe
Uliu u LUJiaiaiii lujiiiig v.. ... . v. .
Governmnt that a public debt should be
crealed ;n time of pcace to mcet the cur-
expcIlsesof the Government, or that
J cxnedients should be resorted
temporary expeuiems snoura ut rwuicu
to an hour longer than it is poss.ble to a-
void thcm. i
Thc Executive can do no morc than ap- 1
py thc mcans which CongTess placcs in
hjs hands for thc support of Government ;
,,,,,' 'rXcr,:n fils, lihrrtics. itnos-
tht. Tn.l nt fl,i rnntirrv
1 i il.o
Vc ol YxhcmcUl
peoplc, orto lorce ironi uiciii toiiui
to the public revenue m any lorm. ii can
only rccommend such mcasurcs as may,
in its opinion, bc callcd for by the wants
0f the public scrvicc, to ConTCss, with
wj,om aone rc;.ts thc power to "lav and
collcct taxes. dutics, imports, andcxciscs."
This duty has upon scvcral occasionshcrc-
loforc becn performed. Thc prcscnt con-
dition of things givcs a flattcring ptlomisc
that trade and commercc arc rapidly revi-
ving, and, fortunately for thc country, the
sourccs 0f revenue have only to be opcned
-n oniertoprove abundant.
While we can anticipatc no considera-
ulc mcrcasc in tnc proceeus ot saics oi mc
public lands for rcasons pericctly obvious
to all, for teveral years to come yct the
nubhc lands cannot otherwise than be re-
Udcd as the foundation of the public
rcdit -Vith so large a body of the most
fcrtie iands; the world under the control
aud at thc disposal ofthe Governir
one can reasonabiy dount tneenure auuuy
ofthe uovcrnmenttomeetitspngagemciits
under evcry cinergency. In seasons ot
mate rcimbnrseme.it ; and wlwtcver may
1m c... m 4 nnnnil nr.TM.nt hninf.t1 mncMhe mtn. ior Cnn 1 WlttltlOlU II1C rC"
pcnty, sucli as cxistcu tor some years ancr
X snouiu rcgaruu as a suiciuai 111 a
scason of fmancial cmbarrassmcnt.either to
alieuatc thc Iauds themselves, or the pro-
ceeds arrismg from their salcs.
Tlip. first nnd naramnunt dutv of those
. i r . . j .1 .
10 wnom mav ue cnirusicu 1111; uuuuuuiia-
the States. It should, therefore, be a mat
tcr of gencral congratulation. that amidst
all the embarrassments arising- Irom sur
rounding circumstances, the crcdit ofthe
Government should have been so fully re
storted that it has been en'abled to effcct'
a loan of sevcn millions of dollars to re
deem that' amount of Treasury notes, on
terms morc favourablc than any that have
becn o'ffcred for many years. And the six
percent. stock which wascreated in 1842,
has advanced in thc hands ofthe holders
to"earlJ' twcnty pcr ccnt. abovc its par
Thc cctifidencc ofthe people in
SSf'V.bf their Government hasthi
lhe in-
us been
siguanj; v,--fef ted 'tj, oniniong reja.
10 tnc- ... T.rmdw ktn nnf Tn'nnv
L,ands Uo not in any
manncr coinucv
... ailli
ith theobscrvancc ofthe
most Uberaj voti.,,,, e
fellow-citizens who press forward into thc
wilderncss and are the pioneers In thc work
of its reclamation. In securiug to all-such'
their rights of pre-emption tlie Government
performs but an act of retributive justice for
suflerings encouutered aud hardsliipa.en
dured, and finds ample rerhuneration in
the comforls which its policy cnsures and
the happiness which it imparts.
Should a revision" pf the Tarifj; with a
viewto Revenue, become necessaryjtn the
estimation of Congress, I doubt not you
will approach the subject yith a just and
enlightened regard to thc'iutcrests'of tKc
wholc Union. The principles and vievs
which I have hereloforc had occasion to
subrait, remain unchanged. Itcan, how
ever, never be too often repeated, that the
prominent interests of every important
pursuit of life require3 for success perma
nency and stability in legislation. These
can only be attained by adopting as the
basis of action, moderation in all things,
which is as indispensaTily neccssary to se
cure the harmonious action of the politi
ccl as of thc animal system. In our pulit
ical organization, no one scction of the
country should dcsireto have itssupposcd
interests advanced at the sacrifice of all
others ; but Union being the great interest,
equally precious to all, should be fostered
and sustaincd by mutual concessions, and
the cultivation of that spirit of comprom
ise from which the Constitution itself pro
cee'dcd. You will be informed, by tlie report from
the Trcasury Departnient,)Tthemcasures j
taten under the act of the last session, I
authonzing thc re-issue of Treasury notes
In licu of those then outstanding. Thc
system adopted in pursuance of existing
laws, seems well calculated to save the
country a large amount of interest, while
it afTords con,veniences and obviatcs dan-(
gers and expense on the transmission of i
funds to disbursing agents. ,1. refer you I
1 .1 . . . . 1. .. . i (
aiso 10 mai report ior iuu iuuuns piupuscu
by the Secretary to increasc thc revenue,
and particularly to that portion of it which
rclates thc subject of the warehousing sys
tem, which I carnestly urgcd upon Con-j
n n r . i-li 1 1 1 ivir nnminn linc 1 1 n iT n r
in
In vicw of the disordcred condition ofl
the currcncy at thc time, and the high rates
of exchange betwccn diffcrent parts of the
countr), I fct U t0 be incumbcnt on mo,
10 ptcsent to the consideration of your
predcccssors, a -proposition connicting in
110 desree with the Constitution, or with
the rigllts f tl,c States, and having the
fa .-.,... i ',: ,::? r'
muuiuu,ui 1.1 u.., u.... ,.....w.i..w, v.
some ot the emment men wno nau prcce-
UCU
nrnllnn contf.mnlated the issuillff of
I rcasury notes of denominations not less
than five nor more than one hundred tlol-
Iars. to be pmnloved in navinent ofthe ob-
, -- ( v . .
ligations of the Government in lieu of gold
and silvcr, atthe option the public credi-
'-lto an araount not cxcccding S15'-
000,01)0.
It was proposed to make them rccciva-
ble every-wherc, and to cstablish at yan-
ous points aepositones oi goiu anu siner
to be held in trust for tlie redemption of
such notes, so as to cnsurc their conver-
tibility into specie. No doubt was cnter-
,,;J i,i,. c,r, nnfP wnnld lnvo main-
J!nee
ed a par value with gold and silver
thus furmshing a paper currcncy ot equal
value over the Union, thereby mceting the
just expectations of ths peoplc and fulfil-
llllll liic uhuh vi a iiaiuiiiai uuii.iiiuiviii.
Whcthcr the dcpositories should be pcr-
mitted to scll or Durchasc bills under vcrv
Iimitcd restrictions, together with all its
,w.tot,;i nil.,rilnm
-
or Congrcss, and was regardcd as ol sec-
ondary miportance. I thought then, and
think now.that such an arrangemcnt would
have becn atlended witli the happiest re-
sults. The whole matler of the currency
would have been placed wherc by the Con
stitution it was clesigncd to be placcd
under thc immcdiate supervision and con
trcl of Congress.
The action ofthe Government would
have been independcnt of all corporations,
1 aud the samc eye which rests unceasing-
T on the specie currcncy. and cuards it
agam5t adulteration, would also have rest-
i lhe DaD CUrrencv. tn control ' and
retruIate ;,3 issues and pro,ecl it against
... ,, ' . .. ,
dcprcciation The same reasons which
would forbid Congress from parting with
thc power over the coinage, would . seem
gara 10 any suustiiuuon ior mc precious
metals in the form of a cnculating me-
d;um paper wlien-substitutcd for spts
if not quite equal to the adulteration of ,
marK, tnai its auvantages, conirasiea wun
a Uank ol the Uniteu statcs, apari irom
the fact that a bank was csteemed as ob-
noxious to the public sentiment, as well
on thc score of expediency as of constitu
tional, appeared to me to be striking and
and obvious.
The relief which a bank would aiford
byan issue of $15,000,000 of its notes,
judging from the experience of the Iate I
United States Bank, would not have oc
curred in less than fifteen years; whereas, J
under the proposed arrangemcnt, the rc-i
lief arising from the issue of$ 1 5,000,000 j
of Treasury notes would have becn con-j
sumated in one year; thus furnisbing in,
onefifteenth part ofthe time in -which a
bank could havc accomplished it, a paper!
mcdium of exchange, equal in amount toj
the real wants of the country, at par val-!
ue with gold and sjlver. j
The saving to tbe Government would
have becn equal to all tbc interest which
it has had to pay on Treasury Notes of
previous as well as subsequent issues,
thereby relicving the Government, and at '
the same time alTording relief to the peo-1
p'.c: Under all the rcsponsibililics at
tached to the s'tation which I occupy, and
in redemption of a pledge giyen to tho
lcst Congrcss at the close of its first ses
sion, I subraitted the suggestion lo its
consideration at two consecatire sessions.
The rccommcndalion, hbwe'ver, "met'wiih
rarnT :,, .nAv -nn,;i ti
am free'
lo admit that the necessity of the titries j
have since become grcatly amelioratedj
and that there is gcod reason to hone"!
that the country is- safely and rapidly c-
merging from the difHculttes and embar.
rassments which evcr)vh'cre surrounded
it in 1841, yet I cannot but ihint tliat
its rcstqration to a sound and hcalthy con
dition would be greatlyVxpedfted bj a re
Eort to the expcdient in a modified form.
The operations of the Treasury now
rest on. the act'of 1770, and ,the resolu
resolution ofl81G, and those laws have
been so administered as to produce as
great a quantum to the good of the coun
try as Ihcir provisions are capable ol yield
ing. If there had been any distinct cx
pression of opinion going to show that
public sentiment is arerseto the plan
either as heretofore recommended to Con
gress, or in a tnodified form', while my
own opinion in regard to it would remain
unchanged, I should be very far from a
gam prescntina it to your consideration.
The Government liasoriginated with the
Statcs and the people, for fheir own bene
Gl and advantagc ; and it woultl be sub
versive ofthe foundation principles ofthe
political edifice which thcy have rcared to
persevere in a measure which in their ma-
ture judgments, they had repudiated or
condemned. The will ofour constituents,
clearly cxpiesscd, should be regardcd as
tlie light to guide our footsteps ; tbe truc
difTcrcnce bejwcen a monarchial or aristo-
cratical government and a republic being,
that in the first tlie will of the few prevails
over the will of the many, while in the
last many should be alonc consulted.
The report ofthe Secretary of War will
bring you acquainted with the condition
of that Important branch of the public
service. The Army .may be regardcd,
in consenuence ofthe small nuniber of
the rank and file in each company and
regiment, as little more than a nucleus
around which to rally the mililary force
of tlieccmntry in ca.se of war, and yct its
services in preserving the peace of the
frontier are ofa most important naturc.
In all cases of emergency, the reliance
ofthe country is properly placed in the
militia of the sevcral States, and it may
well deserveSthe consideration of Con
gress, whether a new and more perfect or
ganization might not be introduccd, look-
ing mainly to the volunteer compauies of
the Union for the present, aud ot easy ap
plication to the great body ofthe militia
in timc of war.
The expenditures ofthe War Depart
ment have been considerably rcduce in
lhe last two years ; contingencies, how-
ever, way arise, which would call for the
filling up of tbe regiments with a full com
plement of men, and make it very desira
ble to remounl the Corps of Dragoons,
which by an act of the last Congress was
directed to be dissohed.
I refer you to the acompanying report of
the Secretary for information in rclation
to the Nary of the United States.
While every effort has been and will
continue to be made to retrench all the
siipetfluities and lnpofT all excrcscenccs
which from timc to time may have
grown up, yet it has been reg-irded as
wisc or prudent lo recommcnd any ma
terial clnnge in annual appropriations.
The interests which arc involvcd are of
too impottant a character to lead to the
recommcndation ofany other than a lib
eral policy. Adequate appropriations
ought to bc made to cnablc the Execu
tive to fit out all the ships that are now
in a couisc ol building, or that reqnirc
rcpairs, for aclive seivice in the shortest
possiblc time, should any emergency a
risc which may rcquire it. An eflicient
Navy, while it is the cheapest meaiis c f
public dcfence, in its support thefeelings
ofpride and confidence which brilliant
deeds and heroic valor have heretofore
scrved lo strengthen and coi.firm.
I refer you particularly to that portion
of thc Secretary's report which has ref
erence to iccent experiments in the ap
plication of steam and in thc construc
tion of war steamers, made under the
superintcndence of distingnished oflicers
ofthe navy In additiou to. other mani
fest improvemcnts in the conslruction of
the steam cngine and application o'f the
molive power which has tendered them
mi re appropriale to the uses of ships of
war, one of those oflicers has brought in
to use a power which makes the steam
ship more formidable either for attack or
defencc. I cannot too strongly rccom
mend this subject to your consideration,
and do not hesitale to express my entire
conviction of its grcatlmportance.
I call your particular also to that por
tion of thc Secrelary's report which has
rcfercnce to lhe act ofthe Iate sesion of
Congress which prohibited the transfer
ofany balance ofappropriation to that for
building, equipments, and repair. The
rcpeal of that prohibition will ensble the
Departmeut to give renewed employment
to a large class of workmen who have
been necessarily discharged in conse
nuence of the want of mcans to pay them
a circutnstance atlended, especially at
this scason of the year with much priva
tien and. sufleriug.
It gives me great pain to announce to
you the loss of the steamsnip The Mfs
souri,' by fire, in the Bay ofGibraltar,
where she had stopped to renew her sap
plies of coal, on her voyage to.Alexandria
with Mr. Cushing, thc Amcrican Minis
tcr to China, on board. There is grpund
for high commendation of the oflicers
and men, fur the noolncss and intrep'idity
and pe.rfoct submiss'ion to disciplinee
vinced under tho most trying circum
stances. Surrounded by a raging.firo,.
which lhe utmost exertions could not' sub
dne, and which throatened momenlarih
lhe explosions of her well supplied mag'a
ziries', the" oflicers exhibited ho signs of
fear, and the men pbcyed evety ordcr j
vitii alacrity. Nor was she abandoned
until the last gleam of Jiope ofsaving
her had expired. It is well worthy your
j consideration nhether the losses sustam
ed by the oflicers and crew in this un(brN
tunate aujiir should not 1 be reimbured to
them. v.
I cannot take leave of this painful
! subject without adverting to the aid ren-
.dered upon thc occasion by tbe Bntish
autborities at Gibraltar, and the com
mander oflicers and crcw of the British
ship of the line "The Malabar," which
was lying" at the time in the bay. Every
thing that generosity or hunianity could
dictate was promptiy pertormed. it is
by such acts ol good will by one -o an-
other of the familr of nations, that fra-
ternal feelinirs are nourished and the
blessings of permanent peace secured.
The Report of the Postmaster General
will bring you acquainted with lhe oper
atiuns of that Department during the
past year, and will suggest to you such
modifications oflhe existing laws as in
your opinion the exigencies of lhe public
service may require. Thc change
which the country has undergone of
Iate ye,ars in the mode oftravel and
traus'portation has aflbrded so many facil-
ities for the transmission of mail matter
out ofthe reg'ilar mail, as to rcquire the
greatest vigilance and circumspcction in
'order to cnable lhe ofliccr at thc head of
the Department to restrain the expendi
tures within the incomc. There is also
tco much rcason lo fear that thc frankiug
pivilege has run into great abuse. The
Department ncTeriheless has been con
ducted with the greatest vigor, and has
attained, at the least possiblc expense, all
the useful objccts for which it was cstab
lishcd. In regard lo all the Deparlments, T
am quite happy in thc bclief that uothing
has becn lcft undonc which was callcd
for by a truc spirit of economy, or by a
system of accountability rigidly cnforccd.
This is in some dcgree apparent from the
fact that thc Government has sustaincd
no loss by the dcfault of any of its agcnts.
In the complcx, but at thc samc time,
bcautiful inacliinery ofour system ofGov
crnmeut, it is not-a matter of surprise,
that some remotc agency may have failed
for an instant to fulfil its desired oflice ;
but 1 feel confldcnl in thc asscrtion, that
nothing has occurred tointerrupt thehar
monious action ofthe GoTernrnent itself,
aud that while the laws have becn execu
ted xyith cfliciency and vigor, the rights
neither of Statcs nor individuals have becn
trampled on or disregarded.
In the meantitne lhe countty. has becn
steadily advancing in all that contributrs
to national greatness. Thc tide of popu
lalion contim.es unbiokcnly to flow into
the new Statcs and Territorics, wherc a
refuge is found not only for our nativc
born fellow cilizens, but for cmigrants
from all parts ol tho civilized world, who
come among ns to partake ofthe blessings
ofour free institutions.and to aid by their
labot to swcll thc currcnt of our wcalth
aud poiver.
It is due to evcry consideration of pub
lic policy that the lakes and rivers of the
West should receirc al I such allenlion at
the Innds of Congrcss as thc constitution
will cnable it to bcstow. Vforks in favor
ablc aud propcr situations on tbc lakcs
would oc found to bcas indispensibly nec
cssary in case of war to carry on safc
and succcssful naval operations, as forti
flcations on lhe Atl.mlic sea board. Thc
appiopriation made by lhe last Congrcss
for thc improvcment ofthe navagation of
the Mississippi river, has becn diligently
and cfliciently applicd.
I cannot close this commiinication, gcn
tlcmei:, without rcconimcnding to your
most favorablc consideration,the interests
of this District. Appointcd by lhe Con
stitution its exclusive legislators.and form
ing in this particular the only anomaly in
our system of Government ofthe Legisla
livc body being clected by others than
those for .whose advantage they are to
legislate, you feel a snperaddcd obligation
to look well into their condition, and to
leave no causc for complaint or.rcgret.
The seat of government ofour associatcd
Republic cannot bc regardcd as worthy
of your paternal care.
In conncction 'with its other interests,
as well as those of lhe wholc countiy, I
rccommend that al your prcscnt session
you adopt such mcasurcs, in ordcr to car
ry into efTect thc Smiihsonian bequest, as
in your judgment will be best calculated
to consumatc the Iiberal mtent of the lcs
tator. Whcn, under a dispcnsation of Divinc
Piovidence, I succecded tothe Presiden
tial ofiice, thc state of public affairs wa3
embarrassing and critical. To add to the
irritation consequcnt upon a long stand
ing controversy with onc ofthe most pow
crful nations of modern times, involving
nol only questions of botindary which, nn
dcr the most favorable circumstances, are
always embarrassing, but at thc same time
important and high principles of maratime
law border controversies , between the
citizens and subjecls ofthe two countries
had engendered a state of feeling and con
duct which threalened the most calatnt
tous consequences.
The hazards incident to this state of
things were greatlv heightened by the ar
resl and imprisonment of a subject of
Great Britain, who acting as it was alleg
cd as a part ofa military force, had aided
had afded in the commiss'ion of an -act
riolative of lhe territorial jurisdiction pf
U. States, and involving ,tlie murdcr of a
citizen of the State of N. York. A large
amount ofclaims the government, of Mcxi
co. remanined unadjusted, and a ivar 'of
several years' continuance with the desola-
tion ofa large portion of that beautiful
territory, and with lhe sacriflco of manr
valnablo lives.
, To. mcrea se the embarrassments cr n
Government, individua 1 ad State crt ,
had besn nearly strick en down, and cr
fideace in the General Gorerntncut
so miicn impaired that loans nf . Bis
amunt -could only be negociated at
considerable sacrifice. As a necessai3
consequence ofthe blight which had fal.
en on commerce and mechaical mdusi
the ships ofthe one were throvin rut
empioy nent.and. tlie cpcraticns of thc Cih
cr had becn grcatly diminished. OuinJ
to the condition ol the cunciicy,excIian
es between difTereut part, ofthe cour.tfj
had become ruinously bigb, aud trade had
todependon a dcpreciated paper currcc
cy in conducting its transactions.
I shall bepermitled to ccngiatulltct,e
country, that, under an overruling pr0T'
dence, peace was preserved 11001 l
sacrifice of lhe National honor ; tlie w1F
in Florida was brought to a spcedy ter.ni
nation; a large portion ofthe claims oc
Mexico have been fully adjudicated and
are in a conrse of payment ; while jos.
tice had been rendcred to us in other
matters by other nations ; confidence Le
tween man and man is in a great meas
uro restored, and tlie credit of this Gov
emment fully and perfectly re-established.
Commerce is becoming more and more
exlcnded in its operations, a'nd manufac
tuiiug and .mechanical industry once more
reap ihc rcwards ofskill and labor bonest
ly applicd. The operations of trade rcst
on a sound currcncy, and the rates of e.t.
change are rcduced to their lowest a
mount. In this condition of things, I
havc felt it tobe my duty to bring toyour
favorable considera tiou matters of great
interest in their picsent and ultimate re
sults, and the only desire I feel in con
nection with the future is, and will con
tinue to be, to leave the country prospcr
ous, and its inctitutions unimpaired.
JOHNTYLER,
Washington. Dec, IS I3.
THE GiLAXF.
BHDDLEBURY:
Wcdncsday Dcc. 13, 18-13.
THINGS AT WASHINGTON.
In the organization ofthe Housc of Rcp
rcscntatives, many things havc occurred
ofthe gravcst momcnt to the country.
Tbat the niotion of J. Q. Adams, tocratc
the 21st rule should havc been defcatcd
chiefly by Northcrn Iocofoco rotcs could
havc disappointcd no onc acquainted with
thc completc subscrvancy of this party to
the Southcrn slavcocracy. But that lhe
motion of Jlr. Barnard to admit the rea
ding ofthe protcst of fifly or more mcm
bcrs of tbc houj.c, against theadinissioiiof
Reprcscntativcs clcctcd iu utter defiance
of thc law of congrcss, as clearly constitu
tional as any law ever passed .IiouId bc
spurncd with utter contcmpt, andcvcnrc
fused a placc in thc rccord of procecdiug
should arousc craolions ofthe deepest ex
ccration in thc breast of evcry Amcrican
citizen. John C. Calhoun in thc palni
est days of his influciicc, ncvcr plottcd an
act of nuHificalioi. morc (o.nplctcly rcv.
liitiOnary. Iudced whcn a law silutarr
and dcmocratic in its operation, and passed
aftcr thc most auxious consideration or ev
ery argumcnt aflecting its expcdiency and
constitutionality, and sanctioncd by thc
practical adoption of threc fourths ofthe
statcs ofthe Uniou should bc trcatcd with
as much non chalenceas if it wcrcai.nrj
lcttcr advisory, it is high timc that the
wholc country was arntifcd to t!ic dangers
which thrcatcn thc libcrtiesof thc republic.
Nothing bctter howcver could be cxpcctcd
from the band of dcsperate factiouibts who
lead on the locofocoracy of thc country,
wl.osc coursc has cvcr becn charactcrizcd
by Tiot discrder and an'archy, and who have
ncyersuficrcd the constitution and lais
to cross the tract of their aspirations to
power and cinolumeiit. Butjtliank Hcar
cu, their davs arc numbcrcd. "Wltliln onc
short year, the tide of patriotic indignaticn
which is bursting through thc hcarts of
Amcrican frcemcn, will swcep them frotn
the scats of power which thcy havc so
grossly abuscd. "We are gl'ad to find tliat
the protesiing whigs arcdctcrmincd tocm
bracccvexy opportunity during the session,
to purge the housc from illegal intrudeM,
and bring it back to n. condition ofcon
stitutional snundhcss.
Mrs. Ann D. Hoyt, the wife ofthe Rcv.
William Henry Hoyt of St. Albans, hasi
presentcd a splcndid organ constructed by
George Jardine, of New York, to the F
plscopal church of that town. Tho instru
ment is valued at fifiecn huudrcd dollars.
Rail Road meetings havc becn held in
Brandon and Pittsford. The committce
on freight and tonnagc in Brandon, repor
tcd that the freight of that yUlage both
ways for one year would amouut to C,-100
ton's, exciusive of fat cattle antl sliccp, ap
ples, cider, coarse grains, garden vcgita
bles, yellow, white, and read ocrc, lumber,
and many other articlcs which would bo
transported,-over the proposed routc ofa
Rail road through this region to Boston.
The. Pittsford commjttcc reportcd. 12i3
tons oot including marble, lutnber, vege
tablcs, Iron or'e, bar iron, and many kindi
ofmanufacturcd goods; .
fXPifty Mormonsfrom lassachusettJ,
destihed for NaUT.oa; ayo arrircd at SU
Lbnis. :