The northern galaxy. [volume], April 24, 1844, Image 1

About The northern galaxy. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1844-1848

Image provided by: University of Vermont

                
" H. BELL,
jOlTOIl AND PROP1UETOR.
THE NOR.TIIERN 3TALAXY,
1 rODLISHED EVtr WEIUfKSDAT MOHM
irt stewaht's iidildinus,
BY J. COBB JR.
ST VtnOM ALL ORDIBS FOR mTW
OF EIGHTH VOLUME.
82 00
2 00
Vy'.j'jlj n(l Cosspauiea who tako at thc office
''""'-jor 150 ccnts iCpaid io gix momhs.
S ' houkeof PoslriJcrs . . .S2.O0
l ot Pd nt 1'!,", of the vcar 2- 23
" . JtM-nni tnued until arrearaffea are naiil
'"! at tte opl'on of''lc propriclor. No pajmeii
,!&(Tiri a"" cJ ""P1 ordereJ by tli? proprie-
comn"Jnieationsmastbc d''rcsicd totliced-
, ,
HAKRY CLAY.
TkefuIWnigP'",cd W'his Sonj, wriltcn by a
fort!eccas,on! n1"1 mucu entnusi-
.tn "'..4uM -tcng- Syne."
Lraic ain rcgrcta for crrors pait,
Nor cael tlic iliip away ;
Jiut nail jo'jr colors to tlic roast,
AdJ strikcfor Harry Clay.
From hini no ircason nced bc fcared,
Your cauae lie'll ne'er belray ;
What namc to frecmen bo cndcarcd,
At tliat of Harry Clay.
'o raia abstractions C1I liis bead,
To If ad bis hcart attray ;
For ecry noblc promiao made,
U ktpt by Harry Clay.
Tvtn lct not treason'a hatcd form,
jjut gatlicr streugtb to brcast tlic storm;
itaad'aft liy Harry Clay.
Rijc bravcly for onc cfibrt rooro,
Your raotlo tbuj display;
Fro'cction for our naliic ehorc,
Sustained by Harry Clay.
2ntl o'er our gallant Cbicfuiu's graTO,
IMcJge we our faiih tbis day;
la wcal or ira, no cliangc to know,
Till triumplis Harry Clay.
cliortus.
Till triumphs Harry Clay, roy boys,
Till triumpba Harry Clay,
Ia wcal orwo, no cliangc to know,
Till triuoipbi Harry Clay.
rmsress of Mormomism. Wc gathcr from
thc Ciacinnati Chronicle thc following itifor
uution in relation to the growth and history
of .llorniouism. Tlie sect foiindcd origiually
cnthc imposture of a revelalion, has, not
nithstaudiug that imposturc, bcen conlinual
lr iuercising. Tlie city of Nauroo, in Illi-
nuis, cotitains from fiftccn to twcnty tbou
saiul mhabitants. Merchants, mechanics antl
othcis liave gone thcrc forpurposes of busi
hzsi. Buildmgs nrc conliiiually crcctiug,
among othcrs, tlie grcat Temple; wliich has
liten somethnc building, but is not finishcd
jct. Tliey haTe, bowever, saw niills, and
i;uirnc5 of stouc in operation, at which thc
materiaU are prcparing. Thc Organ of tlie
.Monnons aho afiirms, that thcir6cct is e-cry
whfre incrcasing, and that emigrants are still
floeking to this country. They say that thcy
hne missionaries in nearly every laud that
tome aro in India, aud sotne in Nctv-IIol-hnd.
The Legielaturc of Illinois have granted a
chirtcr to Nauvoo, and the Nauvoo Lcgion,
oftlieutmost powcr and Iibcrality. They
have availcd tlicmselres of lliose cbarters to
set their cncniics at defiance.
Onc of tho mostreccnt occurrences, is tlic
rorresnondence of Gen. Joc tfmith with Mr
Cilhouu, and wo presumc with otber ptihlie
jjicn. 3Ir. Calliotin says tliat he looks upon
oll bcliefs, gecU, ctc, (polilically of coursc)
3 entitled to eqoal consideration; but hc
muctinform Mr. .Smiththat he docs not think
tlic (leneral Govcrnment Iias any power to
couipcl jMissoun to aunut tho iUormon
claims.
Upon the reccipt of this, Gcn. Joc Pniitli
replics, at length, informing Mr. C. that hc
docs not knoiv morc than he ouglit to. and
that he and tho world must take care how
llicy oppose the Morraons, for that they nre
destiucl to prevail.
We are infonncd that Gen. Sniith & Co.
have dcchrcd against both Vnu Bnren and
Calioun.
AsoTiiF.n Story.-A story is par.idcd in
Ihe coltinins ofthe loco papers, that Mr.
Clay was received at New Orleans, on
Sunday, by a niilitary escort, butitturns
out that there was a military reviewon that
day amhhc troops were rcviewcd by Mon
ton, the locofoco Govcrnor of the Statc.
Mr. Clay wcnt down the Rivcr in a steam
boat, wliich reachcd New Orleans, on Sat
urday, and on Sunday quietly atlcnded
church. The same story is told about liis
reaching IMouile and wc presume with
uo more truth. If true hc may not have
been at all in the fault. It is no conimon
occurrencc it is what all men are liable
to do whotravel by watcr, and unavoidable
in certain cases. But it is outragcous to
tdl such stories, sct out in the coloring
they rcceive by the locofoco papers and
Ihe 3d party locofoco papers. But we ex
pect to see and do see daily in these papers
thc most infamous fabrications respecting
Mr. Clay ; and people must expect to see
and hear thcm. Nothing is too bad for
these defamcrs of Mr. Clay to say. They
ceem bent upon making an effbrt to Iie him
down as they did Gcn. Harrison.
Caledonia)!.
BENTON ON TEXAS.
Having given the rumor that Scnator
Bcnton is against annexation, it is our du
ty now to give the explanation. After
showing that Benton is the very fathcr of
the scheme the man who first started it,
and enlistcdGen.3ackson's support Da
vid L. Child mcntions his prescnt reputed
position, and says,
"The Colonel trics to manage his pres
cnt disguise, so that he may not be taken
at his word in Missouri and the South:
and no doubt be gives precious explana
tions of it tothe initiated. Such an ex
planation, by "reat uood luck, happened
to come to my ear throuiih an authcntic
channel. It was this, that the colonel is
nol opposed to anncxation, but thinks it
too soon to anilate it. The true inter-
preLition of it is, 'Let us keep our party
to;etlicr, elect our eandidate, and then
we can aiincx Texas, not only withoutin-
jury.but with lmmortal glory to ourselvcs,
which this wrelchedTvler ivould now run
away with, and probably presuinc-on tlie
strength of it to throw himself acrosa our
path.
VOL. VIII.
MISCELUNE0US.
iiapolcon nnlr avis in isoc.
From Tom Burke of " Ourj."
nr nn. lever.
A portion oftbe Luxembourg was deroted
to tho rcceptiou of the ' Campaguic d'elite,'
for whorn a houschold, on thc most liberal
scale, was providcd a splendid table tnaiq
tained, and all that wealth and thc tastc of a
volnptuous agc could suggest, procnred, to
make their life onc of daily magnificence and
nlcasurc. Daru himself, the esnecial favor-
itc ofthe Empcror, look the head of the ta-
oie eacn uay, to wliich gcncrally some ol
the ministers were invited, while the Moni-
tcurof every moruing chroniclcd the festiri
ties. giving eclat to thc most minutc circum
stanccs, aud making Paris re-ccho to tlie glo
ries ofhim, of whose famc thcy were but the
messcngcrs.
The most costly equipagcs saddle horses
of grcat pricc grooins in gorgeons liveries
all that could attract noticc and admiration,
wcre put in requsition; ivhi!c ceremonics of
pomp went forward day by day, and the dep
utation rcccived in statc tho cougratulatory
visits of different departracnts of tho govem
mcnt. While thus this homagc tras oaid ttjlhc
semblance of Napoleon's glory, hisjjrogrcss
tnrougli liermany was one grand tnumphal
proccssion. One day ve rcad of his arrival
at Muiiich, ivhithcr the Emprcss had gone to
mcet mm ; tlicre, lic iras ivelcomcu with the
most frantic enthusiasm. Hc had rcstorcd to
thcm their army almost nithout loss, and cov-
cred with laurcls; hc had clcvatcd their clcc
tor to a throne, while he cctncntedthc fricnd-
of Eugcne I'cauhamois with thc prineess of
IJavaria, AtiDthcr account would tell us of :
six.tccn thousand Kuss an tirLoners on their
way to France, accompamcd bv two thou- ,
saud cannon takcn from thc Austrians. All
that could cxcitc national enthusiasm, and thc Whigs in (his qunrter. Their oppo
gratify national vanity, was dctailed by thc jeition to the Dislricl Systcm a Iaw that
govcrnment prcss, and poular cxcitcmcnt ovcrv wcll.informed man folt to be just
niised to a Inghcr p.tch than m tho w.Idest Lnd -e(lui,ab,0 and conveniont anj puroIy
pcnous of the rcvolution. n ,u i c . r H
Hottrly was his arrival lookcd fonvard to I Democnitic-lhe repcal of tho Ono-Hour
ivith anxictv aud impaticnce. Fctcs on the '
most splendid scalc of niaguificcncc wcrc in
prcparation, and tlic public bodies of Paris
lield mcctiug3 to coucert measurcs for his tri
umpbal reccption. At last, a telegraphic
dcspatch annouuccd his arrival at Strasbourg.
He crosscd the Rbinc at thc very placc wlicre
onc hundred days beforc, he passcd ovcr on '
his marcli against tlic Austrians one huu
drcd days of such glory as not even his ca
rccr had eqtialled. UJm and Austerlitz, van
qnished Russin, aud ruincd Austria, thc tro
phics of this brief space. Ncvcr had his gcn
ius shone with grcater spleudor never bad
fortune shotvn bcrself more the companion of
liis destiny.
Eacli bour was now countcd. and every
thought turncd to tbo iljy hen lio mi-ht be
expcctcd to arrivc, and on thc cvcning ofthe
25th came the intelligence that thc Empcror
was approaching Paris. Hc had haltccl part
of a day at Nancy to rcview some rcgiments
of cavalry, and now might bc cxpectcd inless
than twenty-four hours. The next morning
all Paris awnkc at an carly hour, when, what
was the surprise and disapnointmcut to see
thc crcat flaer iloating from thc navilion of
thc Tuillcries. His majesty bad arrivcd du
ring the night, when, at once scndiug for the
ministcr of financc, hc proceeded, without
taking a momcnt's reposc, to cxnminc into
the dreadful crisis which thrcntened the bank
of France and thc very existcnco of th's gov
crnment. At clevcn, the counsel of statc wcre assem-
bled at thc Tuillcries: and at twclve, a proc-
lamation.dispcrbcd tlirough Paris, aunounced
that M. Molicn was appointcd ministcr, and
iil. JHarbois was dismisscd Irom 1ns olhce.
The rapiditj' of thcsc changcs, and thc nvoid
aucc of all nublic homace bv the Emperor,
threw, for several days, a east of gloom over
tlie nliolccity, wlucli was boou dissipatcd by
thc rc-appcarancc of Kapolcon, and thc pub-
lication ofthe celcbratcd rcport by il. Oham
pagny, iu nhich thc glories of France hcr
victories hcr acquisitions m wealth, territo- '
ry, and innticncc wcre rccitcd in ternia
whose adulation it would be now diflicult to
iligest.
From that momciit the fcstivities of Paris
commeiiced, and with n splendor tinsurpass-
ed by any pcriod ofthe empire. It was tho
Augustau era of Napoleon's life, and all that
conccrncd the fine arts for litcraturc, unhap
pily, did not ilourish at any time beneath his
reign Gerard aud Gros, David, Iugres, ahI
Isabcv, comniiltca to canvass tlic glones ol
thoGerman campaigns; aud thc capitulation
of Uhn thc taking of Vienna the passage
of tho Danubc, and thc ficld of Austerlilz,
still live in genius of these great paintcrs.
ihe opeya, too, unaer tlie uirection ot
Cimarosa, had attained to an unwonted cx
cellence: while Spontini and Boildicu, in
their sepoiate walks, gave origin lo the
school so distinctly that of the comic opcra.
Still the voluptuous tastcs ol ttio day prevail-
ed above all ; and the ballct, aud the strangc
cnnceptions of Nicolo, a Maltese composcr
in which music, dancing romancc, and scenc-
ry, all figured, wcre tho passion of the time.
Dancing was, lndccu, tlie great art ot tnc
era. v estns and Trcnis were tnc great names
iu every saloon; and all the cxtravagant
graces and voluptuous groupings of the bal
let werc introduccd into the amusements of
soctety ; cvcn tho tastc in dress was madc
subordiuatc to this passion tlic light and
floating matcnals, which mark tlic ligurc and
display symetry, replacing the heavier aud
morc costly robcs of formcr times. The rc
action to the stern puritanisra of the republi
can age had sct in, and sccrelly was favored
by Napoleon himself, who saw in all this ex
travagancc and abandonmcnt to plcasure, the
basisofthat new social state, on which be
purposed to found his dynasty.
' Ncvcr wcre the cntcrtainments at the Tuil
lcries more costlv never tvas a creater mag-
nificence displaycd in all the cercmonial of
tntp. The marshals ofthe empire were en-
joined to maintain a style corresponding to
their exalted pasition nna xne reporis oi uie
police wero actualiy stnuica, respccnng sucu
pcrsons as lived in wliat was accraca a man
ncr unbefutiuir their mcan3 of cspcnse.
Cambarces and Fouche, Talleyrand and
Murat, all maintaincd snlendid establish-
ments. Their dinuers wcro givcn twice cach
week, and their tcccptions were almost'cvery
cvening. Ifthe Emperor confcrred wealth
ivitii a liberal liand, so did tie expect too see it
frcclvexpended. Heknewwclltheimnortance
of cotciliating the afTectinns of the lovxgcoisie
ol'Paris, and that by no means could such an
cnd be accomplishcd more readily, than by 'a
lavish cxpcnditure cf monoy thtoughout all
MIDDLEBURY,
classcs of society. This was alono wanting
to eflace every trace ol the old rcpnblican
spirit. Thcsimplebabitsanduncostlytastcs
of the Jacobins werc at once rcgardcd as
meanuesses-the frugal and iinpretcnd.ng
modes of hfe pronounced low aud vulgar
and many uho could have opposed a stout
hcart aeainst thc currcnt ofnonular oninion.
onstronscr crounds. vielded to the insinua-
tions and mockerics of their own class, and
conlonned to tastes which oventually cngen-
aerea opimons anu cvan pnnciplcs.
SPIRIT OF THE SOUTH.
Extract from a Icttcr from a hichly ro-
I spectab'OjPJanlcr in Georgia to his corres.
pondcnt in this city :
" Sincc tho days of iho Rcvolution no
body of mon have cxliibitcd moro dcvotcd
palriolism or nccomplislicd morc good for
thc whole of Iho counlry than thc last
Congrcss. Thc u-bolo Soulh begin to sce
lhis, and acknowlcdgo Ihat the Whig pol
icy is thc truc policy ; and this fcoling
will, I belicvc, clect Mr Clay almost with
out opp'osilion. Until rcccntly I had sup
posed that Mr Van Rurcn would corlain
ty rcccivc Ihe votc of Now-Hampshire,
Alabama, lllinots and Missonri ; but a
journcy lasl montli through Alabama has
sati'sfied rae that, Ihat at least is a douUittl
Statc. Lcco noliticians dcclaim nrrninst
tllfi Whllr T.lrifT. Iillt n mninrltv nf tlin '
II , f .. , I--' - I
reopic, i verny dciicvc, are in lavor ot it.
"Tho Planting interest bcgins lo appre
ciatc thc importance ofthe iiome markct
for their staplo, and Ihe fact that Colton
for nine montlis past has rulcd higher in
th,s ?un,r ",n.Earopo makes thom o,,.
P05,10 nny modificadon cftho 1 anfT.
1 " lacuous 6 nru cxiiiunea at asn
mgton by thu majonty in llio Houso of
Rcpicscntalivcs has greatlv strontrlliened
rmo: .a. moas"r.0 apFovca uy men ot all
' nnrtina 1 nntv linmncn fht. npii Wlii
.u; ...u
measurcs : their hostility (o tho TarifT,
wliich has rcinstated both tho North and
tho South, and tndccd their dotcrmination
to undo all tho last Conjrrcss did to ajn
talc and opcn new qucstions by which
jthcy hope to turn off tho atlcntion ofthe
pcnplo from tho comparalivo mrnts and
serviccs ofiMr Clay and Mr Van Burcn
nll hnvo had the ellcct to opcn tho eyes
ofthe Pcoplo."
Corrtspondcnce ofthe Erprcss.
IVashisctox, March 25.
TEXAS AND TIIE UNION.
I learn, from what I considcr to bo
good authority, that Ihe propcsed treaty
tornncxToxas tothe Union will not bo
rcmittcd for ratification at the prcsent
Scssion of Coiigrc-s, bccauso it is wcll un-
dcrstood that tho cliurt will not sjccccd.
In tho prcsent juncturc of aiTairs,a majori
ty in tho Scnatc would not vole to annox
Texas to the Union, and, thercforc, tosub
mit the treaty would only bo to obtaiu
the ccrtainty ofa failurc. Tho Toxian
Ministcrsarc instructcd in no cvcnt (o no
goliato a treaty until they have made as
surance douhly snro that it will, boyond
all qucstion, obfain ratification by thc
Senntc. This is now as well known as
any event can be known.
Mrllondercon nor Mr Zandt can hard
ly bc so niad or so blind, as to supposc af
ter thc agitadon of tho xvcck past, that a
treaty could bo ratificd during tho pres
ent Scssion of Congrcss. My prcsump
tion, thcrcfore, is that evcn tho negotia
tions will not bo consummaled for thc
prcsent.
AlrTyier may prcs3 tho mattor, and
may urgo Mr Calboun to prcss thc suhject
upon Iho Tcxan Ministers and Congress,
but it will fail, signally faik Mr Calhoun
knows too mucli eithct tobecomoho play
thingof John Tylcr, or evon toremain in
the Cabinct longer than may bo necccss
ary to fiuish the busincss of negotialion.
Nothing clse will bring him hcre, nolh
ing elso will keop him hcra. E. B.
UNITED STATES REVENUE.
Tho following is acompleto statcment
of the rcceipls of Customs at this Port for
thc first quartcr of 18 13 and 1S14 rcspec-
tivcly :
In ib-11.
S1,8G,615
2,169,110
1,091,000
In 1643.
$548,056.
402,216.
63G.5G0.
January
I'cbruary
Maich
Total S5,73G,725 S1,9"G,S(32.
Or nearlv irec times as much in 1844
as in 1843, and much more than in any
year since 1837. And yct we are told
that the Tariffmust be cut to picces in or
der to raise svjjicienl lievenue for tho
Govcrnment ! Impudent dccoption ! just
let the Tariff alonc, and tho National
Dcbt will bc patd olT within threo ycars.
A Patriot gosc. Mr Stevcn Turrill,
a soldicr antl patriot of tho revolulion,
dicd reccntlv in Charlotte. Vt., at tho ad-
vanco agc of one hundred and one years
and four monlhs. During tho last scvcn-
ty-eight ycars of his life, ho was an cxem
plary member ofthc Methufiist Church.
The clovcn foot of polilical Abolition
ism was fully disclosed in the lato clection
in Connecticut, tho Sixth Scnatonal Dis
trict. To mcct their soi-disanl frionds
half .way; and showa disposition to fur
Ihor their vicws, so far as any conscicn
tious scruples might be conccrncd, the
Whigs of that district assumod tho Aboli-eandidate-for
Sonator. with an honest and
sincero desirc to concihato thc wishes and
foolings of tbat strictly conscientious clasa,
who would not support an unplcdged
IFKig eandidate. Mr Pratt, of Mcridcn,
was th'eir'iwmince. He was taken up by
the HTiigs, in good faith, in ordor to ee-
VT. WEDNESDAY, APRIL 24, 1844.
curc his cleclion. What then did these
honest Aboliliouists do ? In tho castcrn
part ofthc district. ihey ttirncd against
their olen eandidate, and defeatcd him,
thus CCUri tho clec,ion 0f a decidc!d
. , '-";v-"v" " uj.wui.u
PPonc".. who has i openly opposed hem
it overy toint 1 lhis ia modern Lifaerty
partyism. The hollow hcarlcd Jesuit
ism of this proccedinff. is a damninj: proof
of tho inconsislcncy of this new class o 1
dcmagogucs. whoso intcgrity is boundcd
onlyby taeirselfishncss.
Takiso tiie Habit. The U. S Catlr
olic Magazine statcs that nt thc convcnt
of the Visitation, Goorgetown, D C, in
Fcbruary, the religious habit was givcn to
Miss Julia Pearcc, (Sister Mary Eula
lia,) Miss Goorginia Pearcc, (Sister Mary
Michacl,) both of Boston:' Miss Eliza
belliTravcrs, (Sister Mary Agatha,) of
t- : c
Mary Joscph,) of Philadclphia.
Catholic AIissioxAitiES is Tiin Onc-
cox Teejitorv. Tho last numbor ofthe
Ami de la Religion, was icccivcd by the
Britannia, statcs that "scven fcmalc Ro
man Catholic Missionaries wcre at once
to cmbarkTor this country, with (he intcn
tion of scttling at a small colony in Orc-
On in tho
scrvice of thc Iltidson's Bay
Company. Thiscolon- bcars tho nnmc
of Wallamcltc, and is composed ofCan
nadians and Roman Catholic Indians.
Tho Pope has already appointcd a Bishop
ofthe whole Tcrritory, with a titlc of the
Bishop of Philadclphia, el in parlibusin.
JideIium. On board thc same vesscl aro to
come rathcr uo bmet, with his company
of priests and scltlers, and Fathcr do Vo
rcreuys, of tho College of Pcace, both of
whom come on a tnissicn (o thc Flat-IIcad
Indians. Both tlieso Ecclcsiastics wilh
their trains, bring with them all thc impli
mcnts and malcrials for co'.onizing, and
for manufacturing. Houscs and mills aro
to bc crcctcd, and pcrmanent scttlcments
are at once to bc cccupicd.
HON. S. S. PHELPS' SPEECEI,
ON THE TARIFF.
Conlinucd.
Mr. Prcsident, the protective policy has
mct with violcnt oppositiou in a quarter
which I admit is, from its great exportation
of cotton, deeply intcrestcd. Thc planters
seem to think that thc manufactnrers could
not be true to their own interests, withoutbc
ins at war with thc cotton growcr, and to as-
sume that the manufacturing interests of New
England arc iucousistent with their prosperi-
ty. 1 lns is, m my juugment, a radical crror.
It is casily dcmonstrated that the dcmand
for cotton will be incrcascd by tho cxtension
of thc manufactitre. Thcrc is a dcmand for
cotton iu Grcat Britain for threo purposcs :
1. For her domcstic consumption. 2. For
Amcrican consumption. And 3. For the
supply of otber markcts.forcign both to them
and to us.
In rcgard to hcr domcstic consumption, it
is diflicult to pcrccivc how thc manufacturc
of thc article by us, for our own consump
tion should adcct it. Cotton fabrics have bc
corne thcrc, as thcy aro hcre, an article of
necessity. Thcrc is no substitute for them.
Flax has bcen snpcrscdcd. To thc extent of
her own nccessitics at home, sho must have
it; aud if she canuot supply hersclf clsc
wliere, shc must take it from us. If she can
obtaiu hcr supplics from herowu depcudcn
cies, she will do it. But competition from
abroad iu the growth of thc raw material wc
caunot avoid. No financial or ccononiical
rcgulations of our own will prevent it. Tt
has been reprcscnted that thc cotton uscd iu
Grcat Britain, for thc supply of the Amcrican
markct, is very small in comparison with hcr
domestic consumption. If it bc so, tbo dif
ference produced by manufacturing for our
selves will be trivial. So far as our own cou
sumption is conccrncd, thc wants of our own
pcoplc mnst be the critcrion; and tho same
amouut ot tnc raw maicnai wiu ue ruiiuirEu,
whcther the fabric is manufactured hcre or
abroad. Supposetcn millions in value of the
fabric is wanted for thc Amcrican market,
would not the samo amount be requircd if
manufactured at home? Sir, the dcmand for
cotton would bc increased by the manufac
ture of the fabric in this countty. If the
manufacture could bo distributed throughout
the country, and a cotton factory established
in every county in the Union, the consump
tion of the article would bc increased lifty
pcr ccut. Placc it within the reach of cvcry
agriculturist. whcre the surplus producc of
h?sfarm would cnablo him to purcbasc it,
and he would use it tho more frcely. There
are many articles of production, cspccially j
iu tho Northcm Statcs, which will uot bcar j
transportation, and some arc of a pcrishable j
character. The establishmcnt of manufac- i
turcsin every scctiou crcates a home market
in every neighborhood.and thus cnables your
nf nnln to nutcnase ine launc lucxtuuuiic lur
productions wliich would otherwise bo of no
ValUe. 1DO IlliIIlUiai.lUin J wtM'i'' vuujmit-
ers, not mercly of your great staples of ex
portation, but of thatspecies of agricullural
production wnicu uuuni
able. . , ,
It is said, that by wnhdrawmg your sup
port from the laborers of Europc, you dc
prive thcm of tho ability of purchasing and
consuming vour cotton. Be it so. Will not
thc cmploy'mcnt of your own laborers con
a rnrresnondint ability upon them! If
one hundred thousand people arc sustained
in Europe.by your dcmand forcotton fabrics, j
ivill nottho same numbcr be sustained bere?
and will not their wants, both ofthe raw ma-1
terial and of tho means ot suosistencc, De as
grcat Nay, they will be greater, inasmuch
as the' American laborcr is better fcd and bct
ter clothed than tlie Europcan operative.
Sir, thc ideathat the establishmeut and ex
tensiou of our cotton manufactories would
have a direct and incTitable. tcndcncy to dc
stroy thc demand for tho raw material, is to
mo a paradox, which I would thauk the hon
orablo Scnator from South Carolina to cx
plain. Hehas spokcn ofa paradox which
troublcs him, and wliich I will cndcavor to
explain in duc season. Thc Senator speaks
of ruin tothe colton interest from this sourcc
of tho necessity of giving up the cultiva-
ion.bccansewo aro providing for its con
sumption. He seems to think, that if we
manufacture for ourselvcs, Grcat BntainwiII
want none of the material for her eonsump
tion. aad we shall necdnone heie. And then
sir, how is it as to the cotton ncccssary to
supply other markets of thc world 1 If
Great Britain supplics thcm, sho must gct
the material from us, ifshe cannotgct it else
whcre. And how is their consumption to be
affccted by the inquiry, whether thc manu
facture for our use isto bo carried on here or
iu Europc?
Whether Grcat Britain can gct the articlo
cheaper elscwherc than from this country, is
a problcm which time must solvc. If there
bc dangcr on tbis ecore, the most effectual
mode of obviating it is to sccurc to ourselvcs
by fostcring our domestic establishments.thc
foreign market, and thus sccurc not only the
salc of the raw material, but thc profitable
cmploymcnt of our surplus and otherwise
useless labor. This proccss has commenccd
already. We compete with Great Britain
in South Amcrica, in China, the East and
West Indies indccd, cvcry wherc whcre a
market isto bc found. Sir, which is best
to contcut ourselvej with a barc competition
for the sale of thc raw material only.and that
in the ports of our great aud only riral iu
commercial pursuits, or to enler holdly iuto
a compctitiou, not for that material only, but
for its value cnhanccd by our labor, aud onc
in which wo are uot at her mercy? Docs the
Scnator imagine that such a competition,
tcnding dircctly to transccnd the demand for
thc fabric, to an ovcrstock of thc markct at
thc hazard of the mauufacturcr, will dimin
ish the demand for the raw material 1 Sir,
I havo high authority for rny position. A
distinguishcd cilizcn of South Carolina,
latc a mcinbcr of this bcdy, once said to
mo, "Sir, your protective systcm will fail
you your policy is wrong. You must bo
a manufacturing people, but you must
seok a foreign market ; when you havo
socured that, your prosperity will sland
upon 3 stablo basis." ir, that distinv
guished man was right in his advice in
thc last particular he had adviscd us lo
bcll thc cat. I agrco with him, that if wc i
can sccurc tho foreign markct, wo are I
safc. But he did not advisc us how wo j
wore to securo tho foreign markct, with-'
out first securing our own ; nor how wo j
could successfully compete with Great
Britain in tho great mart ofthe world, if
wo sufforcd her to stiflc and crush our man
ufacturin euergies at home. Did that
sagacious man suppo3o that his competi
tion to which ho urged us, and which was
to givc us pcrmanent prosperity, was to
sacrificc thc interests ofhis nativo Statc,
andblnst thc hopcsof hcrsons?
Sir, in tho English markct we should
have to compotc with Brazil, Tcxas, in
docd overy country capablo ofgrowing
cotton. How far the Bntish East India
posscssions may hereaftersupply that market,
we are uot now ablcto determinc,but I waru
the Scnator that the interests of thc North
ern manufacturer and tho Southcrn pjanter
are idcntical. Let him sce to it, that in de
stroying the formcr he doca not sacrilico thc
lattcr also. Kovolutions are no new thing in
thc commercial world. Cotton has takcn
thc plnce of tndigo as a Southcrn production.
It will bo well to inquire what shall succced
to cotton, when that shall have sharcd thc
samo fate.
Mr. President, there are other objectionsto
the policy of thc act of 1842. and aduresacd
rather to the prejudiccs and sclfish passions)
than to the sound judgmcnt of men. Tho
old story of "taxing the many for thc bencfil i
of the fcw." so oflen told aud as oftcn refu-1
tcd, is rcnewcd. The Scnator from New:
Hampshirc, assuining tha: tho duty enhanccs
tho price of the article to the cxtent of the j
impost, aud professing to dcal in facts, very ;
gravely proceeds to give us to a fractiou tho
cnormous liurdcn laid upon tue peopie oi ms
statc by this most oppressirc tariff. He tells
us that there are 300,000 people in that State;
that tho consumption of iron there is cqual
to an avcracc of twenty-five pouuds to cach
soul; that a duty of three ccnts pcr potiiiu is
equal to scventy-fivo ccnts to cach pcrson,
and amount3 in thc aggregate to the sum of ,
$225,000, bcing more than four times the ;
whole Statetax. These arc facts which will
not be disputcd. But what use doea hemake '
of thcnil Why, hc assumcs that the cost to i
tho consumcr is increased, and his constitu- J
ents taxed to that amount. Witboutthe aid
of thisnssumptiou. crroneous as it is, his,
facts are not worth a straw they furnish no
aid to liis argumcnt, and lcad him to no such
conclusiou. The Senator umoatunfortnnate '
in his illustrations. Will he permit me to .
substitute for his assumption certain other'
facts, whicb I commend to his espccial attcn
tion. Thc most eotnmon.nay, unircrsal usc
of iron inthat scction of the country is in the 1
form of cut nails, the duty on wliich, by the ;
act of 1842, ia thrce ccnt3 per pound; yet tlie J
article can he 6oug7it tn the village vrhere I lite ,
for three and ahalf cmUjitr pound. Dcduct-;
ingthe thrcc cents for thc duty, tho cost of
the article would bc one hair ccnt! ilocs tnc
Senator roally imagine, tbat if this odions !
act were rcpcalcd, the' price would fail to that j
sumJ Thc honorable Senator also adduccs
Icathcr aa a further illustration ofthe burdena j
imposcd upon his people. Hcre he is equal- ,
ly unfortunate. He statcs thc duty at 30 to
35 pcr ccnt. Ho has not told us the amount '
paid by his constitucnts, but has left that to j
be guesscd at. Now, thc fact is, that duri ng .
the last two yeara for which we have returns,
not a pound of leathcr has been imported, ,
except a small amount of morocco. No du- j
ty has bcen levicd The manufacture nt ;
J,nmn has crmallcd the consumption. He ,
will not contend that the price of the article
has been raiscd by this nominal duty.
Sir, thc Senator could not have selccted
two articles which would have so happily il
lustrated thc fallacyof his assumption. There
is not an article manufactured in thia country
to any cxtent which has not been made chea
per to the consumer. It is uot true that the
tax is uniformly paid by thc consumcr. It
depcnds upou the ratio of dcmand and sup
ply. When the former iucrcases, the pricc
risea; when thc reverse ia the case, it falls.
Somctimcs it falls upon tho consumcr, some
tinies thc produccr, and oftcn upon the intcr
mcdiatc holder, and not unfrcqucntly upon
The Scnator from South Carolina argnes
that the importcr adds thc duty to thc cost,
thc merchaut adda his profit, the country
dcalcr his, and so on till it falls ultimately on
thc consumcr. If thc article be one of ne
cessity ,and you have co competition at home,
1 admit such is tbo case. Butif you will sus
tain your homo manufacturer, what is the re
sult? This cumulative proceas raises the
cost beyond what it can be made for atliomc
l. A.t;nn ;s n3lpahln fttcpnt liv a rcdue-
tionof price; and thus the duty falls trponi
NUMBER 51.
the foreign manufacturer or importcr,or both
in reduction of their profits.
Thc Scnator from New Hampshire tells us
that in England the price of coQce fcll upon
the rcduction of the dutiea. Here he ia uu
fortnn.te again. Coffeo is not produced in
England, and no raising of duties could pro
duce domcstic competition to keep down the
pricc. Hc sclects an article to which the
protective policy could not be extcndcd, eith
er in that country orthis.
Mr. President, tlie uniform elTcct of com
petition ia to reduce prices. But you can
have no competition unless you protcct your
domestic cstablishments. The American
manufacturer cannot compete with the im
menso capital of Eugland. Foreign (goods
are thrown into our market, and sold at a great
loss, which the fureigncrs can bcar; and thus
the price is reduced, and the domcstic man
ufactnre crushcd in its infancy. Thelnarkct
being thus yiclded to thc forcigner. ho makea
amends for his loss. Nor is this all: ho has
often on his hands a surplua, which the ordi
narymaxims of trade rcquiro should bo sold
at any price. After all is sold which can be
sold at a profit, the surplus is forced off for
what it will briug. The objcct of protacting
dutics is notto givo the manufacturer at home
grcat profits, but to protcct him against this
operation. It is to sustain the wcaker party
in thc competition.
The Scnator from South Carolina can not
understand how it is thatwcdcsire protective
dutics, while we insist that tho cffect ia to re
duce the prico ofthc fabric. Thia is the par
adox which bc deairea explaincd. Sir, the
explanation is casy. The manufacturer if
sustained in his enterprisc, is cnablcd, by the
gicatcrskill acquired by expcrieuco aud by
improvcmcnt in machincrv, to mauufacturo
cheaper at tho same profit. That skill and
that lmprovenicnt will ncvcr bc attained, if
you suffer him to be sacrificed in tho oulBet
by tho woight cf foreign capital. Domcstic
competition will prevent groat profits; and as
ths manufacturo is tnatured, and becomca
chcapcr, tho price of the fabric is reduced to
tho consumcr.
There is at thia time nearly three hundred
millious of capital in thc L'nited Statcs invcs
tcd iu manufacturing opentioos, and the an
nual production is computcd at two hundred
andforty millious. Is not this an interest
worth protcctiug?
There are twenty millions of sheep in the
Unitcd Statcs, aud the amount of capital in
vcsted in rcal cstate dcpeuding for ita value
upon the growth of wool is immense. All
this rests upon thc succcss of that bratichof
manufacture.
Tho opponeuts of tho protective policy
have resorted to mauy ad caplandum argu
mcnts ts rendcr it unpopular. It is rcpreson
ted, not only as an immcnsc tax upou the
country, but aa a systcm of favoritism, a
tending to hnild up an aristocracy of wealth,
disrcgarding the interests of tho farmcr, fa
voring the rich, and oppressing the poor.
Appeals are tnado to scctional feelings; tho
pcoplc of thc North are told that thev aro
taxcd to fill tho pockets of the sagnr planter
of Louisiana; the poople of the South, that
they are taxed to support the mauufacturcr
ot tno-Nortli; iScw tiampshiro is remindcd
that shc is taxed upcu salt and iron, which
arc not found there; and tho fanner of the
West is taxcd for thc beucfit of tho wool
growcr of the East.
Sir, in tho grcat rarioty of intcrcats, ofpur
suit and production, in this widely extcndcd
couutry of oum, with all its varicty of soil
aud climato and rcsonrcos, it is impossiblc to
iind any one braucb of human iudustry in
which all are cqually iutercsted. If tnoie
scctional considerations are to prevai and
thc pcculiar interests of co one scction can
bc thc objcct of your legulativc care, the
whole, with all its grcat intcrcats, its means
of prosperity and happinesg, must be aban
doticd. It is only by consulling tho intcrcsta
of cach portion, that tho prosperity of thc
whole can be promoted.
The Scnator from New Hampahiro asscrti
that thrce millions of dollars arc annually ta
kcn from the pockets of the people, lo sus
tain the sugar planter, and sixtcen millious ns
a tax upon tlie ucccssarics of life,"wKich the
pcoplc might have, if it were uot for the pro
tective systcm, for prccisely sixtcen uiilliona
lcsa." This is an unfair mode of stating the
qucstion. The vixtccn milliong is necded
forthe support of the Govcrnment. Suppose
thejduties taken off; tho revcnuo must bo had,
and how will thc people bo gaincrs if they
get these neccssarifs at an expcnso lcss by
sixteen millious, and yetaro conipellcd topay
that sixtcen millious into the Treasury in tho
most odious form of taxation cveradopted
a dircct tax? Sir, the true mcthod of stating
the question is this: If your rcvenuo is kcpt
within tho limils of your nccessities, ii tho
mode of lcvying it by duties, gradualed with
a rcgard to the productive industry of the
country, morc burdcn.ionie to the people than
a dircct tax or iuiposta laid wilhout refcrence
to that objcct?
Much is said of "the rich and thc poor,'"as
if our Iegialation wasforthe rich alone, and
all thc burdccs fcll upon tho poor. Sir, tho
grcat mas3 of the people of thia couutry arc
neithcr rich nor poor. They are in a condi
tionto commacd tho nccesaariea.thc comforts
and the conveniences of life; but thcy are all,
morc orless in deht, and dependent upon
their daily industry forthe comforts thcy en
joy. It is for this class of people that wc
Icgislatc; and if taxation is imposcd, as it
must be in some form, let it bc in a way that
bcstows the ability to mcet it. While weim
poso burdcns, 1ft us consult the means of
thosc who bear thcm, and let us foster tho
resources upon which we draw. Sir, the
poor man, if such there lio in this country, is
the man whose daily labor is his only rc
source. Is the policy which givcs him em
ploymcnt, which prcfcrs him to thc foreign
laborer. advcrse and opprcssive to him?
An effbrt is also made to convinco the far
mcr that his interest ia sacrificed to that of
the manufacturer. Thc Senator from New
Hampshire takes this grouud, and as an illus
tration of this charge, adduces the article of
Icathcr. IIc tells us that the duty upon lea
thcr is from 30 to 35 per ccnt. while that
upon hidesis only five. That if he sell hh
hide, he gcts but five pcr cent. additional; but
if ho buy the Icather made of it, he pays 30
to 35. I have already statcd that none is im
ported, and of cotirse the price of Icathcr is
not affected by the duty. Butsupposc a du
ty is imposcd upon the raw hide, of 30 to 35
pcr ccnt. to givo tbe farmcr protection, uot
a single additional hide would be produced
in the country. No man raises cattle for the
sakcof tho hide. But tho supply in this
couutry is uot equal to the dcmand. We
importycarly four millions worth of this ar
tidi. fraw hides.) If, then, rdttty twere im-
posed of S0 to 35 pcr cent. upon .the Sena-
HAMDBHLS,
Cnttjs,
Of" every dcscription will ! neatly tjul
fashionably excruted, at afiort noticc.
tor's own principle, it must be paid by thc
consumcr: and the farmcr would have to pav
30 to 35 per cent. tothe mannfacturcr, and
thc same upon thc raw material, so that hc
would be taxcd 60 or 70 per cect. on this nc-
cessary article. Did thc domcstic anpply c
qual thc demand,and thc foreign article come
in competition with it, tbe caac would bo dif
ferent. Tbis is a very fair illustration of thc
force of this objcctioc.
i ce tax upon salt, alao, 13 a gncvoas bur-
dcn upon the poor. The whole amount im
ported ia about sit millions of buahcls, thc
duty on which ia about two ccnts and a half
to cach pereon in Iho country. W hat tlicr
poor man pays, wh6 nccda it only for his ta
ble. 1 have not computed
The Scnator from New Hampshire has5
alsoalluded to the article of wool, as rxhibit
ing thc pnrtial operation of the tariff of 1842.
Tbis argument is addrcascd particularly to
the people of New Hampahire and Vermont
his constitucnts and minc. He hi3 alluded
to certain rcsoluticns of the Locislature of
Vermont, which I had thc honorto 1 rcscnr.
demanding equal protection to all branchcs
of industry. He approvcs tbis principle, btit
he labors to show that ths interest of tlic
wool grower has bcen sacrificed to that oi
the mannfacturer.
Sir, I thank the Senator for his allusion tn
the people of thnt Statc. and to this, their
principal production. Thcy will alr.ays bc
gratificd to Icarn his npinions, upon this or
any other topic of national interest, alihough
thcy will not fail to suhject these opin-mis tn
the severest scrutiny. S?honld he bc dispo
scd to cnlighten thcm, I rcminrnd to bis Cu:
and espccial atlcntion his political frit ndf in
that Stato. ninc-tcntbe of whom arc dccidnl
protcctionists. Thcy complain not tbat tbe
aet of 1 b' 12 is bascd upou thc protcciivc pol
icy, but that it is not protective cnoi-gh. !
trust his Crst cfforts will be to conrince thcm
that this last objccticn is tinfoundcd.
lle statcs that tbe nool crovtcrol rrmoiil
is protccted by a duty of 5 per ccnt. but for
his own prcduce, in a rnanufucturrd statc, h'
pays from 25 to Ii0. The senator has ir.istn
kcu the duty. Oa nl! wool wbirh cemca .ii
competition with thc growth of lhis couutry,
the duty is30 per cent. ad valorcm, wi'h thc
oildition of a .pecific duty of thrsc ci uts prr
pound. Jl wc aJsnmc that tlie avcrasc pricc
of wool i3 thirty ccnts, which is as high asthc
markct has brcn for tumc ycars past, the du
ty is forty per ccnt.: nud this is prccieely thc
ilutv on thc woollen cloth. The raw mate
rial has always becu decmed cqual in value
to one half tho fabric; in other words, the la
borer of the mnnufacttirer is cqual to tho
value of the material. It U a commoii prac
lice to manufacture thc wool of tho farmcr
for half the cloth. As, then, thc wool grow
er and manufacturcrcontrihute equjlly to tho
fabric and are cqually intercstcd. they reccivc
cqual protection. If further illu9tratinn be
ncccssary, let us supposc tnc duty to be au
dcd to thc price which cach receivcs. Thc
farmcr receives from the manufacturer forty
per cent. for the duty, and the ratler, tipoir
his cloth, when sold rrceivcs the same.
Forty pcr ccnt 011 the cloth is cqual to oighty
on the wool. Thc rimnufaeturer thcrcforu
rcccivcs c'O pcr ccnt. which ho divides cqual
ly with tho farmcr, rct.iining 40 for his labor.
Coarse nool cotin!r Iusa than sevrn crius
pcr pound is subject to a duty of five pcr ccnt.
only. This spccics of wool is uot produced
in this country. Tlie only complaint on thia
hcr.d, is, that by adinixture of coarae aud fine,
and by iinporling it in a Clthy state. and odicr
dcviccs, n portion of wool of the qnality
groivn in the country is introduced uiider tbis
low duty. If this is donc, it is au erasion of
tho law, aud not tho fanlt of thc law ilself.
If that be dt fcctire in guarding against thc
cvasion, I trust the Scnator will unitc with
us. and rcmedy thc dcfect. But this dcfcct,
if it bo one, has been vastly ovcrrated. That
thc act of 1842 haa givcn effkicnt protection
to the wool grower ij apparcnt, from thc im
mcnso falling olT of importation. In thc year
ending Scptstnbcr 30, lMa.wo imported over
ten millions of pound. costing less than
eight cents, and amounticg in value to S685.
000. Forthe yoar euding Septcmbtr 1H43,
tbe importation ia about two. or two and a
half millions of wool, costing not oer scvcn
cent.', and amonnting at tbe ma.iiniiiin pricc
tofrom $140,000 to 3175,000. Now. it i
certain tbat a large amount rf coarse wool,
of a kind not raiscd here, iscontumrd here;
and if wool oftbe value of thirty ct-nta is in
troduccd in thia way, it :s clear that a very
small portion of the maas cnstiiig not nrcr
scven cents can be of this finer quality, cer
tainly not over one fuurth or one fifth. And
when nc coiiaidcr, further, that three round
of thia are cqual to only two of nlive growili
it followsthnt uot more than 8100,000 worth.
cven at thirty cents tlie pound, is introduced
in cvasion of tho law. Bnt whether the quan
tity be morc or leas, if tbo law be defective,
letitbe amended.
Will the Senntor advise u, if the prctec
tion bc insuflicicnt, to abandnn it a'.togetber?
Sir, if this be hi policy, and this his advico
to thc people of Vermont, I cn asure him
in adranco he will make no converN there.
Tho people of that State understand their1
trrie intercata. The reJolulions from her Le
gislatarc. which I had thc honor to Uy upon
yonr table at the prcsent scssiou. protest a
gainst tlie repeal of this law. Thnt Eegis
laturc was composed principally of farmers
men engaced in this idcntical buaincsa
aud they know well that if lhis protection is
withdrawn. their business and their State aro
ruincd. The Scnator advocatca the cause of
the farmer. but he would withdtaw protec
tion from thc manufacturer. If you dcstroy
the ronnufacture and tho homo markct for
your wool, what will you do with it! end it
to England? Vou will there mcct with com
petition from Spain.Germany, South Amcri
ca, Australia, the Lcvant iu short, ther
whole world and that wilh no choice of
markets, as Eugland must in that cvcnt hc
come your only market. The policy is ab
snrd.
Sir, itis in vain to attemptto convince the
people of that Statc that the duty tipon rronl
len cloths is an oppressionupon thcm, for thc
bencfit of the manufacturer. I am a wr.ol
grower, and profess to know sometbing of
the matter; and I know that for every doll.ir
which you impoae upon me in tbe shape of
duty upon the cloth I wear, you add tcn to
my iDcome. How should I be thc piinrr if
you relieva me from thia paltry tax, and at
the sace tlrae rnin my business and destroy
thc value sf my propcrty! This is not my
view only, but the opinion of us all. If you
abandon the protection, and ruin the wool
growing interest, you sacriBce thc Scuatot's
constitucnts, aud minc. What can wo do.7
We cannot make breadstuff! in beef and
pork, and ereri ia the producs of the Jairy.