The northern galaxy. [volume], June 05, 1844, Image 2

About The northern galaxy. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1844-1848

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Ai nandod. But in wbuse behalfis tbis pro
is.::ion asked, and for what benefit are we
c-illcd upou to sncrificc our own productive
clatses? Wo learo from unquestionable
sonrceg, that of ths importatious from Great
Itritain sixty-five pcrcent. is on. British ac
fotnit. Of those from France. and otber
cnntineutial coumries, not lcss than eighty
thrce per cent. is on foreigu aecount; and of
course nearly the whole profit on tbis enor
raaus proportion ofour tradc gocs 'nl ,De
bands offoreigncrs. Slialr we legislate for
ihe subjeets of Grcat Britr.iu and of France?
Shall tbe foreign importer hiinsclf dclcrminc
tho duty which he will condcsceud to pay?
Are hisintercsts 10 Iie chiefly regarded inilic
lcgislation of this llall? But were it olher
iviso were tbe advantagcs of this great com
rnerce tbe propcr gaiu of our ownciiizeus
ts this objcct of tbe promotiou of trade
worth not only its prcsnnt cost, but all tbe
acrifices which are asked for it! Iu 1836
all m:n adaiidoned tiieir regular occupatioiis,
and set tbemselves lo Iiuy, sell, and gct gain;
mid such was tlie nezlect nf nriculture, that
even oats were imported from tlie banks of
the Elbe to feed tue horsps that pastured in
the vallcy of tbe Mohawk. Tlie excessive
trade of 1836 wnsfollowed by tbe convtilsion
of 1837, and tbere has bcen no lack of lectures
from our deraocratic brethren upon the caus
es of that convnlsiun. Tbe crisis of 1S37,
n.iid tbey, were not owing to tbe spccific cir
cular, to thcremoval ofdespots, to thcrefus
al of tbe Governmcnt to recbarter tbe United
States Bank, to tbc inultitude of State banks
chartercd by Dcmocrctic lcgislaturcs to fill
the place of tbat dcad moustcr, to the de
ranacmeut, in fine, to the currency of the
country by the action of Govcrnmeut. No,
it was noue of these ihings, nnr tbe cora
bjncd action of all thcse things.but it was the
EXC1SSIVE I3IP0RTATI0S THE SPIRIT OF
ovKHTKADisc which causcd all that ruin.
Is tbcn the spirit, wbicb in 1836 was n spirit
of darkness, now bccame an angel of light !
If the the foreigu iinporiations oflSSG involr
cd the whole Iand in bankmptcy, ruin, and
shatiic, is it now wisc to stimulate importa-
tion to the higbest cxlcnt to whicli legislation i
cancarryit?
Agaiu, sir, is not tbc maiutainar.ee, pro
tcction, aud accominodation of tbis foreign
trade one of the hcnviest items in tlie cost of
ournational Governmcnt ? To wbat otber
eud do you maintain a navy, at the cxpeuse
ofsi millions per nmium, to display your
protcctiug flag in every sea ? For what oth
er pnrpose arc your foreign enibassics, your
costly custom-housc establishmcnt, and a
vast proportion of your civil list Sir, 1 ar
gue not against thcse thiugs as uunecessary,
butto draw attcntion to the fact, tbat trade
toohas its protection.aud to suggcst the in
quiry how mucb uiore we can afftird to pay for
iu promotiou.
Every gentleman vtho basstudicd the lns
torv of tbe origin of tbis Gorernmcnt, knows
tb.it the proteclion of property, as well as life
anJ personal libcrly, against both the violencc
and tbe policy of foreign powers, was tbc
chief end sotight to be attaiued by tbc estab
liihmeut ofthe confederacy. Tbe power of
granting such protection as domestic iudus
try rcquires, has been surrcndcred by tbc in
dividual States, aud unlcssitbaslodgcdintbc
people of tbe Uniou, to De by them cxercised,
tbrough us, their reprcsentativcs, it is irre
caverably gone. The surrender is valid to
pass tbe power outoftbe bands of tbe grant
ors, tbe States, but not goodtovcst it in Con
grcss, tbe grantee. Strange anomaly and
yct to tbis reductio ad absurdum you arc in-
evitably brought, iftbcy deny tbe power of
lyongrcss to uiijiosc a prolective Uuty. IJut
if Congress may Iegislate for the protection
of capital invcslcd in trade, why not also for
tbat capital investcd iu manufactures ? Tbe
buildings, tbe machinery, the stock.in io va
riousstagesofelaboratiou, the lands, wbose
ralue depends upon tbc succcssful employ
m:nt of the capital-thus inrcsted, all these
are property, as much as the stocks of the
capitalist, tbe eb'ps of thc mcrchant, tho
laii-ls of the planter, and, viewed simply as
property, without regard lo liigber consider
ations of national policy, are justas much en
titled to legislative favor and protection. The
Anierican capital invested in mauufacturcs
aml mechanicarts, ishclicvcd to amouut to
no lcss asum tban four bundred inillions of
dollars: and one fuurth of our population is
d:pendent for bread on the prosperity of
tbosc arts. To this vast sum, add the in
creased value of lands in the vicinity of flour
ishiug manufactories, aud you bave an ag
greate scarccly inferior to any of tho itetns
which maks uj tbc sum total ofour uational
wcalth.
Destroy tbe protcctive systcm and you an-
nihilatc at a lilow this great accumulation of
wealth, tbis immcnsc proportion of our na
tional rcsourccs. In regard lo the property
investcd in inanuractures, it is to be obscrved.
tbat thc destruction invoHed by its sacrifice
has no compensation. It is annihilation, not
transfer. Tbousands arc impovished, nonc
are enriched. You makcyour country poor
er, by the amouut hoth of tbe capital Jircclly
invested, and tbc iliirercnce in value of the
lands and otber property aflected. Let a
flourishin; factory spring up, witb its capital
of$I00,000, and it adds to tbe saleable -al-ue,
aud actual productivcncss of tbe lands ip
iu vicinity, atleast as much more. Destroy it,
and all iu wealth has evaporatcd. In the
case of the renijval of public buildings,
and the constrnction of works of intcrnal iin
provcment, tbere is often an apparcnt loss,
which is, howcver, hnlanced by a compcnsa
tion in the iucreased value tbercby givcn to
property clsrwhere. Coustructacanal, pass
in; threo miles from a flourisbins village in
stead of througb it. Its prosperity is destroy
cd. One by one, is tnost entcrprizing in
lubitants desert it, anJ theaged and the poor
alone are Icft. Tbe checrful din of of its in-
dustry U hushcil. Tbe grass grows in the
streeis, its cottage-s are no longer thc hnmcof
mau, and the fox lnnks out at tbe window.
Ilere is ruin, hcrr is desolation mclancholy
enougb no doubt but thcre is anothcr side
to the picturc. On the banks of tli.it canal
thcre arises a nr-.v village, whicli, in its rapid
growtb Hud iinprovcnieiit, far outstrips all that
tnc most sanguirc lancy hari cver hoped for
tts oiaer nvai. itcrc isindccda dcstructiou,
but tbere is aNo a crcatiou ol wcalth. It is a
transfer, not an anuihilationof prospcrity.and
thougb indiviilu.iU may suflVr, the sum total
nf national we.ihh h undiniiiiishcd, and even
jncreased. On tlie niher hand, strikc down a
great branch of n ltional industry, and where
isyonr compcusiii'iti ? Do southern ceutle
meii imagine tlnt il.p ruin of ihemanufactur-
ers of Ma5sachis',tts will raie the price of
eotton: uo tnc lorgemeu ol reunsylvania
hopo to sell more iron, nhen tbebusy indus
try of New Englnu 1 shall be ttill, and the
clan of the nn7il and the hum of tlie wbeel
;hall no more minule with the roarof the wa
terfall ? T)oes the western farmer suppose
Ijiat be shall inrrease the price of his lands,
c.t the profit3 of his hiihandry,by compelling
his castcm brethren to derotc to the growing
ofgrain.md tbe feeding ofcatllc thc millions
ofacres which ih?y now occupy for sheep
walks, an.l fur tbe rultivation of the teazle
nnd nthcr vegetable products requircdfor the
use of the nnnuf.icturcri New England is
nhla ahundautly to supply her population
witb brcad-stiifi' and meats. Her soil.though
inferior to tha prairies of tbe West in fertility,
is superior in variety. Sir, tbe West can
produce noihinj. absolutely nothing, nhich
tha sj'd of Xew England caunotalso beinade
tj yiild in supprfiaous abundanec. Even in
fettility, the diftereucebetween the East and
the West has been greatly cxaggcratad. Sir,
on tbis subjcctl do not speak without book.
Ibavc secnthe principal grain-giowing States
of the West in their harvcst, and being par
licularly familiar niib agriculture, I claiin to
be ablc to jndgeof their productivcncss. The
western people with all their virtucs, and I
accord them many, are a little prone to talk in
ErcIeV veiu; aud I have heard on tbe parir
ics some gasconading abont crop?, wbicb
wonld barednnenodishonorto Ancicut Tis
tol. Wc of thc East, as tnanufacturers and
sbcplicrds, arc, to some extcnt dcpcndent ou
you of tbe West Destroy our iudustry.turn
ustoexcbange thc loom for tbc plough, the
sheep for tbc ox, turn us from customcrs into
producers, and you bave lost your best cus
tomcr webuy ofyou no longer. Of the forty
inillions ofthe produce of other States whicli
MassachusettsJ consuincs sbe will rcnuirc
not a doll.ir. Add tothis tbcsupplicsdemand- j
cd for the manufactures of other States, and '
you have not lcssthcn oue hundred millions!
of Anierican produce, for nhich a niarket
will no longer exist. Wliere Uo you looK tor
compensation for tbis los? You have not
the smallcst rcason to cxpcct that thc British
coru laws will bc repcaled no otber Europe
auuation will take your produce, and when
you are ready to sell, nonc will be found to
buy.
Let tbe western farracr cxaminc tbis bill,
and calculate the saviug which he supposes
lie vrould make by thc opcration of tbis nnti
labor tarilT. How many dollars would he
savc ou his cloths, how many on liis iron
ware, how many on Ii'u glass, his groceries,
and otber imported goods ! Even admitting
thc truth ofthe false principlc assumed by
thc report. thata reduction of duty is a reduc
tion of price to tbo eonsumcrwhc will fmd
that fcwfamilies would savc fifty dollars, the
laborer, probably, not tcn. But, on the oth
er hand, would not tbis gain be more than
ovcrbalanced by the incvitablc reduction iu
the price of his produce, resulting from thc
los of a markct whicli consumcs, anuually,
$100,000,000 of tbe products ofthe non-man-macufacturing
States? Sir, where tbe wes
tern States would save onc milliou, thcy
would lose ten. But, I repeat it, it is not
true that a iliminution ofthe duty lowers tbe
price. Beducc them so as to destroy domes
tic manufactures, and do you think thc Brit
ish artisan, when rcleivcd from Anierican
conipetition, will sell you his wares aschcap
Iy as uow ? Will lie not rather take advan
tage of his mouopoly ofthe markct,andcom
pel you botb to buy and sell at his onn price?
Attcmpts have been madc to c.xcite thc
jcalousy ofthe South and West, by infla.
tcd statcmcnis in regard to tho profits of
(hc nianutacturcrs. It has bccn provccl,
by calculations, omitting only thc use of
capital. wear and dccay of machinery,
fi.turcs,and buildings, taxesand insurancc,
and the numerous contingcncics to which
llicso cstablishmcnls nrc prc-cmincnlly
liablc, that thc castcrn manufacturcrs
must have cleared not less than twenly or
thirty pcr cent. per nnnum for a series of
ycars. Wc ha-n tho bcst authonly for
saying, that thc profits of thecotlon ninn
ufacturers bave for years not cxcccdcd an
avcrage of six pcr cent.; and as to woolcn
mills, it is within my personal knowlcdgc,
thal tbere is scarccly n woolcn factory in
New England, which has not lost a sum
cqual to its cntirc capital, since 1837.
Under tho tariffnf 18-12, theso cstablish
mcnls can livc, but thcy can ncvcr bc a
means of thc rapid accumulation of wealth.
I wisli to prcsent anothcr ccncral con-
stdcration. I rcfcr to tho imporlancc of
domestic manulactures, an an cssential cl
ement in a systcm of national indcpcnd
encc. Gcntlcmcn necd not to bc told,
that during thc late war with Grcat Brit-
nin, the Governmcnt was forccd toconnivc
at an tllicit tradc with thc encmy, as tbc
only mcnns of supply of such arliclcs as
ncithcr Government norpeoplo could livc
without. Shall we again subjcct oursclvts
to thc inconvcnience and sbame of smug-
gling from a hoslilc country tbcvcry blan
kets which covcr our soldicrs; and whilc
slacking fire, that thc smoke of our guns
tnay clear nway, .shall we ncgocmte with
the cnemy for the purchasc of powdcr ?
I am sorry tosay Mr. Chairman, that I
am not among thosc who disccrn in thc
signs of Ihe tnncs iure tokcns of abiding
pcace. The age of conqcst.it is said, has
passcd away ; but at a nioment when our
own admini&tration is meditating a warof
conquest, and has alrcadv virttiallv dcclar-
cd hostihtics in that unholy causc, it lics
not in our mouths to say, that such wars
aro no longer possiblc. Sir, I havo too
much rcspect for the cool judgment ofour
statesmcn, and two much confidencc in
thc regard of our pcoplc for the principlcs
ofjustxcand integrity of the Union, to
bibcve that thcy wifl assent to theconsum-
matinn ofa projcct. which. under tho cir
cumslances, can unly be characfcrizcd as
suprctnely unwisc,and prc-cminenllv fla
gitious, and wiiich must necessarily rcsult,
not in disscnsion, but in disruption. I do
not thcreforo apprehend a conflict with
Alcxico, or its ncccssarv corollarv.an im
mcdiatc'war with England; but I cnnnot
bo blind to the fact, that wo arc in con-
slant dangcr ofa ruplurc with tho tnost
lormiilab'c power upon carlh. Grcat Bnt
ain.sir, hoMs Canada on tho North, her
flcefs command thc Atlantic on tho East :
on tbc South sho has extensivc posscssions
in tnc vest inaics antl on the contincnt:
and sho occupies to say the Icast,an cquiv
ocal position the West. But this is not
all. Her ships are travcrsing evcrv sea,
aml seizing upon every advantagcous po
sition, which is cithcr unoccupied, or
too feeble lo resist her cncroachments ;
and an American whaler can scarcelv
bring o(Ta kcg of watcr, or a boatload of
coconnuts, froin a coral reef in the wide
Pncitic, without paying tributc to thc out.
posts of England. I knoiv, indced.that she
has diiclaiincd that nlrocious outragc, the
forciblc soizurc of thc sovcrcignty of thc
Sandwich Islands, nnd I have not yet
heard, ihat sho has hung, at tho yardarm
of his own ship. ihe piratical Iordling who
perprtratcd it. Sir. I chargc Great Brit
ain w.lh chcrishing dreams of widespread
conquest, oraimingat univcrsal empirc :
but he must be blind, who does not sce that
sho is striving for no less prize than thc
control of thc commerce of the world.
Americais loo ambitious. She disputes
with England the sovcrcignty ofthe norlh
castern shore ofthe Pacific wo are rivals
in thosame branches of trade, and Ihe
rcd cross and Ihe stars nnd stripes float
side by side in evciy harbor of every sea.
With all these points of contact, darc wo
hope thal we shall nlways cscapc collission;
and is it wiso to dofTour armor whilc our
adversary is lacing his helmet 1
Sir, on this subjcct letrce not be misunder
stood. No mau can more cordially dctest tbe
practice, ordeplore the necessity. ofa resort
toams; none can more deeply abhor the
bclhsh passions. thc awfnl crimes, that con
stitutc the very bting of war than mysclf; and
I am iml prcpared to say, that any, or even
all, of the pending or adjotirued qttestions bc
twcen us aud Great Britaiu are worth a war.
But. sir, I kuow tbat England is regarded
witb angryand inflamable jcalousy alouglbe
whole frontier, and a small spark may at any
momcnt kindle tlr.it tiuder to an appaliug
flame. Thus situated, I hold it to be tbe part
of wisdora to foster and strengthen our own
domestic resources.rather than tocberishand
regard the industry of thc alicn and the stjan
gcr. But I am wandering from the subjcct,
aud I will only pause to cxpress my sur
prise. that gcntlemcn ofthe Soutli.whodread
the intcrference of England with Tcxan sla
vcry, and fear tbe coutagion of her cxample
in her West India possessions, sbould yctad-
vocate a policy, which implics mucb more.
intimate relations with tbat fonnidable rival,
and probable eneniy. Destroy our manufac- j
tures, and subvert tbatrevenue system which j
has, lrom nnr national lntancy, occn me soui
ofour ftnance, and we arc at once not practi
callvrcducedito a state of colonial denendcncc
upon our ancicnt opprcssor. Sir.was it not for
this that our fatbera fell at Bunkcr Ilill, at
Bennington, and at Saratoga, and that yours
bit the dust iu the h.uudred partisan conflicts
which,.at a later pertod of thc war of inde
pendence.dycd yoursandswith the bcst blood
ofthe South.
Tbere is anothcr point offardcepcr.though
lcss obvious, intercst than thc mere qucstion
of rcvenuc, or the present pecuniary gain or
loss to tbe consumer, and which is most wor
thy the profound considcration ofthe philo-
sophical statesman. I refer to the influenco
ofsucli manulactures as arc carneu on uy
machinery, upon the proccss of mechanical
improTcinent, and thc consequentmultiplica
tion aud diflusion of both tbc physical com
forts aud elegancics, and the higber refine
mcnts of life. Tbc cncouragemeut whiih
invcntivo genius has receivcd at thc
bands of tbe manufacturcr, is tbc princi
pal source of tho astoundiug advanccs
that balf a century has witncsscd iu prac
tical mechanics and manipulations, in thc
npplication of scienccto thc arts, and even
in the progress and dissemination ofthe phys
ical scicnces thcmselvcs.
The wants ofthe dyer, the blcacber.thesugar
rcfiner, bave Icd to curious invcstigations
and most important results in scientific anal
ysis; thc ncccssitics ofthe machancist have
prompted improvements insmclling, refiuiug,
casting, and forging metals, and to a bettcr
knowledge of their orcs, constitution, aud
propcrtics; thc dcmands of British manufac
res are thc parentof improvements in miuiug,
mineralogicalrescarclijand geological scicncej
lo'thcmwc owe the inveution ofthe recipro-
catiug stcam-engiue, and the introduction of
rail-roads, by mcans of all whicli, not only
are all the operations ofp,ovcinmcnt immcnse
Iy facilitated, but tbc conveniences of life are
so multiplied aud chcapened,that,as has bccn
well said, the humbler cottager enjoys more
comforts than an Emperor of Bome in her
greatcst splendor. Knowledge, too, literally
run3 down thestrects like a river. The pow
er press sends forth its sheets by tbousands in
the hour, and books now cost less than did
thc papcr on which tbey arc printed within
tbememory of meniheryof tbisllousc. Thcse
arts areemphatically the artsof pcace; these
are the true philosopbcr's stonc, that turns
all to gold; 'thcse are the means through
nhoseaid alone the pbilantbropist can bopc
to levcl up suflering, dcprcssed, and debascd
huuiauity. Machinery must supply the phys
ical wants ofthe indigcnt; tbe power press
must furnish the popularinstructor with his
textbooks tbe missionary with his bibles.
To tbc improvements in thc mechanic arts
we have contributcd our full share. To them
we, of all the nations of tbe cartb, arc most
deeply indcbtcd, nnd from them we havcmost
to hope. Shall wc Iay tbc axc to thejroot of
thc trec whicli lias uornc such noble truits,
aud is still rich with tbe blossoms of futurc
liromise ? Wbat does not thc South owe to
the cotton gin and thc powerloom? and what
would now bc thc condition of tbat tnigbty
West, to which we have so often an-
nealcd, without canals, railroads, and stcam
boats, which deprive both thc molive and the
means of their crcation from thc progress of
manuracturcs .' fcir, she would still rcmain
a howling wildcruess, inhaliitcd only by sav-
ages and vrolves anu thc game on wnicti thcy
prey.
Sir, let us have uo more idle spcculations
upon thc futurc cansequcnccs ofthe cxisting
tarilf. Lct it be judgcd by its fruits. Show
what evil it hath donc. 1'rove tbat it lias
augmentcd the current price or diminished
the supply ofany foreigu article of necessity
or extensive use. Sbow that it has rcduccd
thc price or curtailcd thc sale of any impor
tant article of domestic production but ter-
nly us not with prophccics of fulureeviirrom
tbc opcration of tbat causc w hich has crown-
ed thc past and the prcsent with abundant
ulcssings.
'THE RULING PASSION STRONG
IN DEATH."
Thc following "Card" from Gcn. Jack
son, which makes its appcarancc soon af.
ter he commenced with iIr 15. F. Butlcr,
shows hitn incapablc nf doing justice cvcn
at apcriod of life when most mcn desirc
to atonc for injurica and wrongs dono lo
their fellow mcn. Jefixksojt, thc Elder
Adams, and AIadiso.n, after theirrctire
mcnt, white their years and monlhs and
wccks and days were drawing to n closc,
found enjoymcnt nnd solaco in correcting
mutual misapprchcnsicns and repairing
mutual crrors-
But Gen. Jackson is vindictivo and
malignant to Ihe last.as will be sccn by
his reiteration ofa wanlon and explodcd
calumny against Joiin Qutxcy Adans and
Henky Clav :
To thc Edilors of Ihe Nnshvillc Union r"5
Gentiesien: My atlention has been
callcd to various newspapers articlcs re
ferring to a lctler said (o have been writ
ten by mo to Gen Hamillon, recanting
tho chargo of bargain madc against Mr
Clay when ho rotcd for .Mr Adams, in 18-
25-
To put an end to all such rumors I fecl
it to bc duo to myself to state, that I have
no rccollcclion of evcr havin2 writtcn
such a letter, and do not bclieve Ihere is a
Ictter from me to General Hamilton, or
any one clse that will bear such a con
strnction. Ofthe charncs broucht against
both Mr Adams and Mr Clay at that lime,
I formed my opinion as tlie countrv at
large did from facls and circumslances
tbat were tndisputablc and conclusivc :
and I may add that this opinion has un.
dergono no changc.
If Gen, Hamilton, or any ono clse, has
a lcttcr from me on this subject, wbicb the
friends of Clay desirc to bo made public,
all thcy have to do is to apnlv to bim for
it. As for myself, I havo no sccrets, and
do not fcar Ihe publication of all that I
havo evcr writtcn on his or any other sub
jcct. ANDREW JACKSON.
Hermitage. .Mny 3, 1844.
Theforegoing Card" we copv from
tho Argus. Tho utter faUchood' of tho
charge was dcmonstraled not long after
its original publication, and since that
limo still furlhci and most decisivo refutn.
lionsofit, have bccn laid bcfore thecoun
tryand cspeciallv bv one of tho pcrsons
who was once among the busicst in giv
inz il circulatinn. .
Under thcse circtimstancestbis 'card
or Andrcw Jacksnu can be rrgarded only
as Ihe cvidcnco ofhis own vindictivo ma
lico But bcsidcthc falschood oflhomain
chargc, this card contr.ins. anothcr. now
forlhefirst limc put forth bylhcaulhor.
Gcn Jackson savs, in this card that, ofthe
chargcs brought against Mr Adams and
Mr Clay he formed his opinif.n at ihe
timc, as the "country at large" did. from
facls and circumstanccs thal were tndis
putahle and conclusivc.
This is nnt true. Gen. Jackson did nol
form his opinion on such ground Hc
exprcssly statcd, under his own hand. in
1827, Ihat he mr.do the chargc, on Ihe
tetlimomj of a parlicular tcilness. lobc
sure.whon ho named his witncss ho contra
dictcdhim. N-verlhelcss, that was tho
spccific giound, nccording to his stato
mentat the timc, on which hc madc the
chargc.
Bcsides, ncithcr tho country al large,
nor eilhcr of its political partics, had
made up any such opinion as tho card al
legcs. until "after tho cnlumhious nccusa
lion in qucstion, had bccn put jn circnla
tion by its author. tho wntcr of llic card:
Tien, and not bcfore, tho parlizans. who,
liko tho Albany Argus, had congralula
lcd tho country oftbo elcclion of Mr Ad
ams, and treated theTirelensions of Gen.
Jackson with comtcmpf, and shortly af
lcrwirds stipportcd bim such partisans
aflected to believo the slanderous charge
and laborcdto propagatc it. and a porlion
of the country was finally sndiu-cd tosnp
posc there must have been some founda
tion for it.
But even thcn. afler.nll the unscrupu.
Ir.us and disgrnccful labor lo poison the
public mind on this subjcct, only a por
lion ofthe American people cver bclieved
it.
The wifncss namcd by Gcn. Jackson,
as tho pcrson on whose snccial tcstimony
he profcsscd' in 1827, to found his charge
ofa corrupt bargain botween Mr Adams
and MrClay, was"James Uiichanan," the
distinguiehed United States Senator from
Pennsylvania.
Tho original accusalion in qucstion,
was made by Gen. Jackson in a Ictter to
Cartcr Bcverly, of Virginia, in which he
statcd that a membcr of Uongrcss of high
rcspectability, had informed him that tbe
friends cf Mr Adams had made ovcrturcs
to the friends of Mr Clay to make thc lat
tcrSccrelary of Slate, if they would mako
Mr Atiams President.
This statemcnt was repeatcd by Gcner.
al Jackson in his Ictter of the 28th of Ju
ly, 1827,addrcssed to tho public, and now
bcfore us.
When Mr TJuchanan found himself
named as the mcmbcr of Congrets rcfcr
red lo, hc alio publishcd a lcttcr, datcd tho
8th of August, 1627, tho more malcrial
portion of which is as follows :
"I callcd upon General Jackson on tho
occasion which I htivo mcntioned "sclely
as his friend." upon my own individunl
responsibility, and 'not as ihe ngent of
Mr Clay or any olhcr pcrson. "1 ncvcr
havo been tho political friend of Mr Clay,"
sir.ee he bccame a candidato for thc office
of President, as you vcry well know. Un
til I saw Gen. Jackson's Ictter to Mr
Bcvctly of tbc 0th ullimo, nnd at tho
same limo was informed bv a lcttcr from
the Editor of Ihe United" States Tcle
graph, ihat I was tho person to whom
he alludcd, "the conccption nevcr onco
cntcrcd my mind" that he belicvcd me to
have bcen thc ngent of Mr Clay a.id his
friends, or that I intendcd lo 'propobo
lcrms of asy kind for them, or that he
could have snpposcd me capablc of cx
prcssing an 'opinion ihat it was right to
nghl such intriguers wilh their own wcap
ons '
"I had no authorily from Mr Clay or
his friends to proposc any terms lo uoncr
al Jackson in rclotion to their votcs. rs'oc
did I r.vr.u JtAKE aky sccn rRorosirios ;"
and I trust I would be as incapablc of be
coming a rricsscngcr upon such an occas
ion, as it was known Gcn. Jackson
would bo to rcceive such a mrssagc."
This statemcnt of Mr Buchanan, il will
be sccn, is a flat contradiction of Gen
Jackson's accusalion against thc friends
of Mr Clay and through them against Mr.
Clay himself; and taking Ihis statemcnt
made hy Mr Buchannn in conncction with
Gcn. Jackson's own slalcmenls, in his
Ictter of July 28, 1827, thcy bolh dcmon
stratc the falschood ofthe 'Card as to tho
ground on which hc thcrein prclends
'new to have fnrmcd his 'opinion of Mr.
Adams and Mr Clay in 1825.
Again: Cartcr Bcverly, (ho pcrson lo
whom Ucn JacXson originally commum
catcd his foul slandcr, nnd through whoso
agcncy it was industriously propagated,
was, during tho pas; year, summoned to
anothcr state of being. Beiorc his dcath,
howovcr, his agcncy in this calumny
against Mr. Clay, prcsscd too hcavily on
his conscicnco lo allow him tn pass lo his
final accouut without an eflort to mnkc
some reparation fot ihe injurv ho had
donc in Ihis vcry inattcr. In his last
sickntss, Ihcrcforc, Mr. Bcverly addrcss
cd a lcttcr lo Mr Clay, in which bc con-
fcsscs thc compunctions of his conscicncc,
and says as follows :
"Alihough the timc is quitc far gone
sinco 1 becamc vcry mnocently mstru-
mcnlal in circulating tbroughout thc
country a very great nttack on your
character and virtuc as a gcnllcmnn, and
certainly a vcry hcavy onc as a public
man, I fccl excecdingly desirous to ro
licve you, as far asl can. from the slan
der, and my own feelings from tho severe
comptinction Ihat is within me, on Kaving
bccn, through neither dircclly or indirect
ly, your personal accuscr.yet that I was
drawn dircclly into Iho rcprcscntalion ol
an attack upon you.
'I again say. thal l am most thorough
ly convinccd ihat you were most unlrulh.
fully, and, thercfore, unjustly trcatcd : for
I have never scen any evidence (o sub
stnntiatc at all tho chargc.
This is by no means all. When the
charge was first concoctcd by Gen. Jack
son, (who was thcn. 1825, in tho U. S.
Senalc,) and his partizan friends, and
broached in tho shapo ofa 'Card' by one
of those partizans by the name of Krc
mcr, a membcr of tbc Ilouto ofRcprcson
tatives from Pcnn-iylvania, Mr Clay. who
was thcn Spcaker of Ihat Ilousc, instantly
and indignanlly dnnounced the charge as
a foul slandcr, and demandrd an invcsti
gation. dcfying his caluniniators to stis
tain Ihcir accusation.
Acommitlce was thcrcupon nppoinlcd
by Ihe House to inveatigalo the matlcr ;
and that commiltec reportcfl that Mr.
Clav was innocent.
' Tho Richmond Enqtiircr. morcovor,
spcaking of this raalter, under date of
Fcbrtiary 10. 1520, says :
As lo-tbo other qucstions upon which
wo publish this day such copious dcbates,
wo do not hesitalc lo say that Mr Clay
has met tho change as a man ought to
mcel it. His fearlcss promptitude and
opendcfiance aro tho suresl indications
ofhis innocence. This, combincd with
avowals from almost all quarters of ihc
House, and tho uniform information in
Iho last lettcrs from tbat city, can lcavc
no doubt ol thcresult ofthe invcsligation,
nor does Krcmcr, shrink but wc suspccl
he will seck lo escapo by a sort of special
plcading such as Mr McUuffie has thrown
into his amendment. Bo it a3it may, tho
inquiry is begun and it ought to be proso.
cuted with cncrgy ; tho whole matter
sbould be probed "to the bottom ; no loop
hole ought to bc left to hangasinglo
doubt on, for in timcs like these Ihe peo
plo will cxpcct their Reprcsentativcs not
only to be chastc, but frce from all suspic
ion "Mr Clay is innocent of this charge."
We aro fullv prcpared to seo Iho cotnmit
teo acquit him of this imputation of bat
cring his voto for an ofHce."
Thc committce, as the Richmond En.
quirer anticipated, did dcclare Mr C.inno
ccnt. Again : Thomas II. Benton, the U.
S. Sinator from Missouri, also bore his
tcstimony in this casc, in which ho shows
thatas carly as tho forepart of Dccember,
1824, Mr. Clav had informed him (.Mr.
B.) ofhis determination to vote for Ad -
ams. Mr Benton's letler containing this
tcstimony, is datcd Dec. 7, 1827, and it
makcs Iho statemcnt in hese ' express
in Ihe forcDart of Dccember. 1824. that he
(Mr Clay) inlendcd to vote for Mr. Ad
ams.
To this same point on which Mr Ben-
ton spcnks, Iho illustrious LaFayctle, who
visitcd this country as all Ihe country will
remcmbcr. in 1S24, also tcstihes. Jn tho
course ofhis intimacy vilh Mr Clay, ho
; rwn,b,.r 1RQ4. nlll ,10 simnIc
nuestion to Mr C. as to which of the can-
didatcsfor President ho intendcd to vote.
To tbis Mr Clay replicd, says LaFaycttc,
as follows:
"Your answer was, tbat in your opinion
Iho actual state ofhcalth ofMr Crawfordj
nau iiiiiucu iuu uuiiicdi. iu a uiiuicu uc
twccn Mr Adams and General Jackson ;
that a claim founded on military achicvc
mcnts did not meet your prcfnrence, asd
that you xiad coxludeu to vote for
Mr. Adams."
Our rcaders will rccollcct tbat in No
vember last, tbc vcncrablc John Qjiincy
Adams visitcd Cincinnntli. Oliio, lo dc
livcr an nddrcss at the laying of tho cor-
nersloncofan Astronomical Obscrvatory
in that cilv. and that in all tho great prin.
. , . ,- i 1 ,
cipalplaccson hisjourney, bo wus grcct-;
edbylbe people, without distinctinn ofPcac jo1 lyier lor ms late auempis to
party, with lcstimonials nf rc.pccl.- hon , embroil us in a war with Mcxico, a citi
at Maysvil'o, Ky., somo allusion was j zcn has addressed a Ictter to thc vencra
niade by tbo Gcntlcmcn who delivcrcd j bc chanccor Kcnt dcsir; h;30n;n;on
the Addrcss of wclcomc on bchairof Ihat i . m,
community, to Ihe chargo in qucstion, UP tllc P"cr :n thc case. Tbe vencr
and in his rcsponso Mr Adams took tho ! ablc man, (as his Iettcr will show) not on-
occasion to speak as follows:
" I tlin"nk vou. sir.
ror thc opportuniiy
of spcaking of Ibn
you
havo
givcn mo i
creat statesman whowas asso.ialed with
mc in the adminislraiion of Ihc Gnncral ;
Governmcnt, at my carnest solicitation
whohelongs not toKcnlucky alone, but
lo the whole Union ; and is not onlv an
honor lo this State and tbis Nation. but .
to mankind. Tbe charges to which you
refer 1 have nflcr my lcrm of servico had j
cxpircd. nnd it was propcr for mo to speak, !
denied bcfore Ihe whole country; and I
i ii . j re 1 ,: .
hcrc "rcitcrate and rcafhrni that dcniai ; t
and nsl cxpcct shortly to apprar btfore
tny God," to answer for Ihc conduct of .
my wholo Iifc, ' should thosoj chargcs 1
havo found their way to tbc Throne nf .
Etcrnal Justice. I will in the ritESE.cc .
OF OMNirOTESCE, JEOXOUSCE THEM
False." i
Not long after his rctiromcnt froni the j
Presidcncy, Mr. Adams had borne similar '
tcstimony to tho same point, in his lettor :
to a New Jersey commitlee ; and he has
done so, on scvcral other occasions.
Much more might be added to Ihis .
testimony but we havo not space for it. '
ul prcaeiii i iiur uu uenuvu it iu uu
ncccessary. Ucn. Jackson, has. in
i.i.ui, iuiuihicu iuu ui...i w iu. .unii ;
confutation ; and any man of ordinary ;
undcrstanding and common candor, will ,
find in what he (Gcn. J ) has written. or j
signed, at dihicrcnt times, and in the ,
positivc asserlions of Buchanan, abound- j
ing in proofstosbow that his, "General 1
Jackson's asserlions" in this matter "are ,
utterl worlhless. Alb. Daily Adv.
THE BLACK TARIFF.
Wc find the following paragrapb in the
Steuben (N. Y.) Courier :
"Wool The Tariff Almost every day
afibrds some new demonstration ofthe bene
ficial eflects ofthe Wbig TarifT of 1842.
Among these is a steady and healthy advance
in the price of Wool. William Baker, Esq.,
of Urbana.sold his wool tbiscpring for fortt
five cents per pound. This wool.the product
of the last two years, had been kept on hand
for tbe want of a profitable market, but Mr.
B. knowing, as every well informed man
must, that one ef the effects of the TarifT
would be to raise the price of wool, wisely
bcld on to it, and has realized an advance of
from thirty lo forty per cent. Two years ago
this same wool would not have sold ior more
thirty, oratmost thirty-five cents per pound."
Vr. Jarvis ol Ularemont, IN. 11., latelysold
30,000 lbs. of wool at 45 cents a puuqd.
This is the TarifTwbich the Pauiot tells
us operatcs sn oppressively upon the farming
interests ofthe country! Vt. Watchman.
MR. CLAY AT LEXINGTON.
Mr. Clay arrived at Lcxington on Satur-
day nigbt the 18th ult. Hc atterapted to es
cape the pageant with which his neighbors
were determined on bidding bim welcome,
but thc people forestalled him. They'drew
bim out ofthe stage at the suburbs.and com-
pelled him to receive their formal grectings
tbrough Judge Robertson, and to bear their
spqptancous chcers. He replicd, good hu-
moredly, that ne was very happy to see them
happy to see every one of.tliem but tbere
was a fine old lady in the; ncighborhood he
would rather see than auy bocty clse; aud,
bcgging them to allow bim to hasten to Ash
laiul, bade tbcm good nigbt. But they con
ductetl him safely thilher, amidst joyous ac
clamations, and Icft bim to the reposc hc so
mucb desired.
THE 6ALAX7.
MIDDLEBURY:
"VVedncsday Junc 5,
1844.
For President,
HENRY CLAY.
For Vlce President,
THE0P0IIE FRELINGUUYSEN.
Mr. PARISH the Vt. State Tcmpcrance
agent has commenced his labors-in tbis Coun
ty. and baving beguu at Bristol, will visit
Addison on tbc 7th and 8th, Bridport 9th,
Shoreham lOtb.Whiting lltb.Leicester 12th,
and Salisbury 13th inst.
SOUTHERN CONSISTENCY.
"Wc'are freqncntly told by Loco Frcc Trade
mcn tbat thc south have evcr been thc oppo
nents ofa protcctive systtm. "We have as of
ten dcnicd this. The South in its infancy.
needed the applicntion of protection. Now
having grown opulent under its operation,
I why forsooth it must bc east oflT as usclcss
lumbcr. That principlc cxtendcd through
thc whole union, all alikc were fostered byits
operations ; and foreigners bave cver viewed
us withjealonsy from the first intimation ou
our part to protcct oursclvcs. In this we
were not influenccd by a spirit of rctaliation.
but from justice to our "infant" plantations
! and manufacturcrs. But to the cxtract we
J wish to prescut. Facts are stubborn things,
; anj ourdeuial ofthe assertion of Frce Trade
Loco3 !s confiin,edby the following:
! . In -AIr; Winthrops latc speech on the tarifT,
hcstated that. iu 1794, ccrtain Northern man-
j nfacturers pctitioued Congrcss to nbolisb the
duty of tliree cents a pomnu on lorcign raw
cotton. The petition was opposeU success-
, fuiy, simply on the ground that tbe infant
cotton plantations ol the boutn neeaeci me
' prouclionoj tnis auiy.
. . T7
We admire tbe spirit of tho following rcs
j o'ution ofiered at tbe Young Mcu's Club, by
! E. J. l'helps Esq.and passed with a bearty
ayc. We hope tho ladies will favor the
meetings ofthe Club witb tbeir prescncc, aud
smilcs. In 1840 thcy cheered us on by their
persotlal efi-orts -m bcbalf of reform.in 1844
thcy will do thc same.
Itesohcd, That the ladies of .Middlebury bc
and arc bcrcby invitcd. to attcud tbc meet
ings of this Clnb, as honorary mcmbcrs of
thc same.
CHANCELLOR KENT ON IM-
PEACIIMENT OF TYLER.
It havini been suggested iu diffcrcnt
j por,iong 0f tile countrv, that CoiiTrcs:
! i , . ip , Iu
! owed it to itsclf, and tho nation to im
'
s
lm-
v admits thc nowcr and the necessiiy of
, ;nipeacIlmcnt but be;erc3 ;t A dut of
. ' 1
, l,le "ousc ueprcsentativcs to put it in
practice. Wewishhe was amcmberof that
body, as thcn we should at least scc one
man, daring to do that, which wc bclieve
. . - , . , . ,,.
am3Jor"J f Ae nat.on desirc. Read h.s
lcttcr.
Wc copy the following lcttcr of Clian-
ccor Kcnt from the N y. Couricr and
t?- . t . , p-
bnquircr, writtcn in replv to a notc of in-
. 1 ' -
quiry from one of thc cditors of that pa-
pcr. Though bricf, it is very emphatic,
and speaks volumcs in behalf of Popular
R; ht3 ;n3t Exccu,;ve Usurpation.
.
AT V-l. Ofi tt: e r r i k-.ii
A uiiiuii utjuaft;, iiwv 1 ic-i'l.
Dcar Sir, I acknowledge your favor
0f yesterday, and I take the libcrty to
refer you to Story's Commcntaries on
the Constitution ofthe United States, vol.
od) from p o2 top 273j or 7g3 ,Q 804j
for al tbe authentic information and au-
thority that may be wantintr. You will
pCrCcive that thc Imneachmcnt Power
ovcr " high crimes and misdcmeanors" is
rpfP V. r iA -1 . 1 n. 1nftnnrl .1 nvnM.nr1
vcrjr broad, as dcfincd and practiccd un-
der tne sanctton ofthe Common J.aw, by
wh;ch ;t ;s to be construcd and governcd.
j th5nk thcre can be no doubt tiat the
cn0rmous abuscs and strctch of power
kv Pr;,?ni Tvlor .nflnnlprl nmnln
ria!s for theexercisc ofthe power of Im-
npap.limpn anrl an immtlti. Atv ;n th
ir nr n r,rpSpnt,,:VM . n,
.practice. Yours, rcspcctfully,
JAMES KENT.
Mr. II. J. Ravjioxd.
"We cannot but admirc the spirit of tbe
following lettcr of Mr. Frelinghuysen, ac
cepting thc nomination as Vice President
of the U. S., conferred upon him by the
National Whig Convention. It is modest
and chasle, to the point, exprcssing all
that is nccessary. We love to see in such
lettcrs a rccognition of, and trust in Divinc
Providence. Itbespeaks a christian head,
and christian Acart. Well may the whigs
be proud of such a man as Theodorc
Frelinghuysen as tbeir candidate for the
Snd highest ofiice, within their power to
bestow. But to the letter. Read it, and
show it to your ncighbor.
MR. FRELINGHUYSEN'S ACCEP
TANCE. New York, May C, 181 1.
Hon. TJrm. EllsKorth, Chairman, yc.
Dsaii Sir : I have duly receivcd your
iavor lniormmg me ol my nomination lo
the office of Vice President ofthe United
States, bythe Whig Convention of Dcle-
ITatPfl nt Rrlt?mnri n ihn Tcf !nf
be thus distinguished by such a body ofj
cjLBitea ana pairioiic urngs, is an nonor
that I most sonsibly fi-el. - Iu acccpting
it I can uily jirotni?e tlie bcst cfibrts, in
some hutiiblc iueasure to jutfy the high
coufidciice reposcd in mc. And I trust in
thc goodncs's of a Divinc Providcncc so to
guide i:iy s-tfps, tlnt I may ii"t disappoint
thc pxpcctations of my friemls ar do harm
to thc ititcrcsts four ccuntry.
UcarSir, ycur friend and nb't servant,
THEO. FREL1NGHUYSEN.
The Youn; Mcn's Clay Club bad n
rousing mccting last Thursday cvcning. Tho
Town Iloom was crowdcd witb warm beart
ed cnthusiastic whigs. Gen. D. W. C. Clark.
from Brandon was prcsent and favored tbo
assembly wilh a spcccb. It was one of tho
best wc have heard since 1840. It was re
plete with argnmcnt, wit and keen satire.
Some of the Locos prcsent winccd uudcrhij
home thrusts most scnsibly and were it not
that a retrcat would bave told too plainly tbe
state of their minds, they probably vtould
haveretired as sooa as possible. Tbo Club
were favored with some cbecring songs from
the Glce Club on thc occasion. By tbe way.
we hope our readers will read tbe Constitu
tiou ofthe Club, and the stirring rcsolutions
offered by J. M. Slade Esq., as publishcd on
our first pagc. The Club bave a noble set
of ofliccrs, beiug stirring and energetrc raen.
Our community will have some rich treats,
during tbe carapaign by way of speeches
through thc agency ofthe Club. We almost
forgot to mcntion. that tbe above mceting
was bonorcd with tbc prcsence ofthe fair sex
ofour village Wchopc the Locos will not
raise their bands and cycs in such holy hor
ror as in 1840 at our singing as tbey havo
thought bcst to sing also. More of tbis
auon.
Congrcss aro busy trying to drive away
time, until their proposed adjournment. In
tbe House of Representalives nothing of in
tercst has transpired, only tho absenco of
some of tbe violent Locos to attcud tbeir Con
vcution at Baltimore. The Senatc are bard
at work upon the Texas Trcaty in secret ses
sion and iu open scssion discussiag tbe Ta
rifT. Mr. Rivcs of Virginia, has come out
boldly in favor of the TarifT of 1S42. We
arc glad to seo the working of correct princi
ples under thc nosc of "Nous Ycrrons"
Ritrbie of thc Richmond Enqnirer. He
will roar like the old lion of the Hermitage
and with as little cfTer.t probably. Tho peo
ple arc detcrmined to bave protection, to their
industry, Free Trade cannot go dowu with
tho American People. Thcy will not havo
it, for thcy sce in its workings prospectively,
ruin aud misery to every tbing, worth lifiujj
for.
Tbe Locos have warncd tlirir compaay to
mect at montpelier, to make nominations for
State ofiiccrs on tbe 3d July. Tho commit
tce ask only for delegates from the towns.
Why not ask the people? Wondcrif tho
party will swallow donniolkthe sl&veuol-
der, &c., and rc?olve to support bim for
tbc Presidcncy ! Look out for squally time
among the party thcse days. How harmo-
nious they are. Some like Kilkonny Ca:
wc opine are tbeir fecliugs. and will be their
fate.
THE YAKKEE OTIO.
The Yankcc idea of physical lstor Is tczctf
fnlly and trnly exhibitcd in a risscc of tLe latn
Tariffspeech of Mt. Rocnwcua very prctnL
ing yonng membcr from Massacliusctts : Scc
cess to thc yonng mcmbcis.Rockwell ind llarsh :
' If, iir, I have argncJ earnesily for protcctior,
fair and just cncouragement and f rotccti'cn to A
mcrican lal-or, I fccl th.-.t I have a right to 'o so.
Tlie gentleman trom Vcimont, (Mr. .Varfh) in
tbis ilcbate, has explaiced to ycu to how great ta
exicnt laborentcrs into all our northern jrodnc
tionstaswellaC7icnltunil as msr.ufctanng ar.d
nicclianica). He has told yon, sir, most trulr, of"
tbe nccessitv of continnal toil in winter snd ln
summer. AVe could not Iir--, sir, upon our ro;j
ged soil acd in cnr scrcre climate, in comfort SLd
in competcnce, if labor fhysical labor were
not most honorablc disticction ctnocg us. Onr
yonth are trained to it. It is the loy "that ia
good to woik" tbat weconsider theyouihof prom
ise and ol hope. In the district which I represent
herc, the first rays of the snn this mornir.c; fe!l
upon the upliftcd arm cf labor; his cocntide hcat
has not relaxed the muscles and tbc sincws of la
bor; aDcl when hc takcs his Icave to-m'elit at th?
western horizon, his nnwearied eye wilf still c
ihere the svreat upon Ihe brow of labor, a crown
of traei honor than tbe crowna of sovereign
princcs."
THE COUNTY CONVENTION.
A prompt and general attendanco of th
i whigs of the county is very desirable upon
i.n-'.l.T. ! T : I . 1 f .
this occasion. Bcsides tbc selcctiou of cood
and faitbful men to represent us in tbe Sen
ate of thc stato it devolvcs upon tho couuty
convention to appoint town comriittecs, aod
to make every necessary arrangement to se
cnrc succes3 in tbc approaching political
carapaign. Ncvcr was there a more momcn
touscrisis in thcafTairs ofthe country. than at
present exUts. Nevor have thc people had so
much nt stake as in tbc autumnal clcctions.
Their fate either for wcal or woe is then to
be decided fnr at least one generation.
Should the good whig cause then triumph
tbc policy of protection will bc scttled upon
a basis which cannot be shaken, aud in coa
nexiun witb olhcr salutary measures will con
vert thc present dawning of prosperity into a
more brilliaut day than has evcr been vrit
nessed by thc nation. The vcry reverse of
this picturc would be tho sad result of defca!.
What true whig tbcn will spare any paini
or omit to embrace any opportunity to givo
his countenancc and support to mcasurM
preparalory to a conflict which, il not no
successfully waged may be as faras he is con
cerned forever too late. Beside the pcoplo
may expect somo arousiug addresses from
scveral distinguished whigs in thc County.
Let the same glow of patiiotic cnthusiasin
which animatcd tbc whigs of 1840 be re-en-kiudled
ainiibt thc more checring prospects f
1844. Lct us again demonstrato to the
world th.it onr canse is just, and our union
perfect upona licket, with bnt oneexcep
tion, we believe as splendid in talenU, as en
lightened and statcsinan-h'fce in its Tiensof
tho true policy of the country, and as ardent
& patrioticin cnrryingit out as any whicli
ivj jiaicu uui m uar ".