The northern galaxy. [volume], December 11, 1844, Image 2

About The northern galaxy. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1844-1848

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THE GALAIY.
Wedaesday, D3C H, 1844.
Thc McssAcn. The Mes-age wlilch
must necessarily be pablihed u ixlcnso.
has precludeJ a varicty of msttcr prcpared
t.ir this weck's paper. Tiie important
f attires of ths document are the strong
recoaimciuktbn of the iinaiclhle annex"
ition ofTcsas andtheo-n"ioa of saytng
sny thing of moment in relatic.n to the
tsrifT. His accidcncy seeir.s too miich
elntcd with the indications of success to a
project big with ruin to thp union which
he had llie infamous distfnclion of first
rccomir.ending to the national legislature'
tosloipte the ctnrideratict! of a systr ni cf
policv npi'ii which the well beingof th
cnuntrr most cmincntlv depcnds. He
considers tlie clecticn ofPelk as a verdic
ofthe perple in faror of annexstion, and
proposes theaccoraplishmeut of the ohject
br icint rcsolution. IJcw should the
naiion rejoicc th
at Jolin TIercan gono
fn.-thcr. EvcnJamesh. lolkft J enn-: mncll'moro CODtrolins Was found in the lovc I Since the close ofyour last session, a ne
csff C is respectable by the side of this 0for(jer aj obedience to the Iaws, which gotiation has been formally entcrcd upon be
noorest ofall specimensof a president.and witb mercindividual cxccptions, cvcrynhcrc tweea tlie Sccretary; of State aud her Brit
' , , - i ' possess the American roind, and controls wilh annic Wajesty's Minislcr Plenipotentiary and
baECrt of alldtsertcrs from the principles, jllfluellcc far more powcrfu! than hostsof Euvoy Extraordinary residing at Washing
aad the party which clevatcd hiin to pow. j armed m?n. We cannot dwell upon this , ton, rclativc to tlie rights of their rcspeclive
' picttire without recoguizing in it that dcep ; nations iu and over the Oregon Territory.
l'c'w ' I and devoted attaebment on the part of tbe j That negotiation is still peudiug. Should
MEX1CAN KELATIONS.
Tl.e cr.ires-cci2eiicebetwccn our gorern
rnent and Mexico hasbccuscnt to Congress,
nud shous clcarly that Jlcxico nil! nottame
ly submit tu anueicliou, and discloses ihe
fact that ths v. hole Mililary (rcc of the U.
Slatcs cn ihe soulhwesicrn froniicris placcd
at the disjicsal cf our Charge d'Affairs
1 1
'JVxt.
Corrcspo:i'.ltnce oj tiuiS. i. Com. j 'fhe righ: of sulTrage and the inode ofcon-j would be shehered securely against thedan
Washington, Mcnday, Dec. 2. I ducting the election, is regulatcd by the Iaws gcr of attacks from the Indians, aud be ena-
TJii"? beinc the day fixcd upcn by the 1 f cach state ; and the election is distmctly , blcd to recorer from the exhaustion of a long
C !itituticnafnr the ineeting of Congrcss, fdrative in all its promiuent features. Thus liue of travel. Legislative enactments should
tlnt ira.hlMl -t thp rnito! in fnll num 1 " ,s' ,llal ulll,ke wl,at ,n,Sbt be ,lle ruhs also be made which should spread over him
thjy a.-i.emb!el a Uie Capitol in lull num- um,cra con30iilIuteasvstem,riotousprocecd-!the aegis ofour Iaws, so as toairord protcc-
D-ri!- , ings, should they prcvail, could only aCToct tion to liis person and property nhen he
At 12 oelock the Housc waa called tO (he election insingle states, without disturb-Jshall hax-e reachcd his distaut hoine. Iu
ordcr hy the Speaker, the Hon. John W. ;ng, to auy dangcrous extent, the tranquilty ! this latter respect, the British Government
J vies, and l'Sother members answercd ofolbcrs. j has been much more careful ofthe iutcrests
to their nainea. The great cxperimcnt of a political con-, of such of her people a3 are to be found in
Thc Senale was callcd tocrdcr by the ! fedcracy cach member of which is supreme that country, than tbo United States. She
Presideiit pro tempore, the I lon Wilhc ! ras t0, n mattcrs apperlaining to its local , has made necessary provisiou for their secu-
t M-....f,..i i.wl ,lmt OT mo.Titiora
PDari'd.
Tlie usual messages were interchaiigcd
bct'.veen the two Ilouses
On moi ion of Mr. Woodbuty, a joint
cimmiltee was appointed on thc part of
the !iouse towaiton thc rresidcnt aau m-
f jr:n him that the. tvvo house3 were ready
t rer.eive any coinmunication from him.
The customary ordcrs were then adopt
eJ, re.-pecting new?papers, the daily hour
of incctitig.&c.
Messrs. Woodbtir- and Evans wcrc ap
painted on thc part of the Senate, and
.Messrs. Cave J'hnson and Joscph It. Tn-y.-rioll,
to wait cn thc President.
The Senate adjourned aftcr a session
of j it t;vo minutes.
Ttie Ilouse did not get throtigh so casi-
1.
Mr. Ilclmes of S C. of a joint resolu
tio!fnr thc nppointmcnt of two Chaplains
of d.STcrcnt dcnominalions, to interchangc
wcekly between the two houscs during
the session.
,ilr I'etit, of Indiana, who had hereto
fire resistcd the appointment of Chaplaiu
m ived an amendment, providing that no
rmaey h drawn from the treasury for
th -ir conipensation.
Air. I'etit made an eaniet speech in
oppositioa to the custnni of paying chap
).i;iit outof the public iiioncy.
Ue declaredthat itwas aflagrant viola
tnn of the constitution to cstahlish any
o-dcr of Priesthofd, or to cotnpel any pcr
s m to c.iitributc dircctly or indircctly,
1 3 the snpport of any religion.
Mr. McConnell, of Ala. ro?c, amid
a:ne iiierrimcnt, and movedthe previous
q-ieslicn, wiiich was sustained.
Tiie atnendtnent of Mr. Pctil was rc
jncted 20 yeas to 152 nays and the
rcsolution wasagrecd to
Mr. Adams rose ncxt and the house was
still. He gavc noticc that to-morrow he
wnuld morctorcscind the 21bt, now the
2-th rule, conccrning abclition pctitions.
'Vr Duncan gave tioticc ot a bill
fnrtheextension of tliejurisdiclion of tbe!
U S ovor the Oregon 1 erntory ,...
.:r iJUilc.iu biso wavo noiice tu u ui"
;,, ! I
I"c"tl
tates
to fix n dav for the election cf Pres:
nilrl Vlcn Prcitoi rC ll' TTtiitort P
and the Houscthen adjr.utned.
GAG KULE KECINDED.
The important ilcm in the proceedines of
Tuesday was the abolisbing of lho Gag Rule
by the aduption of Slr. AJjui'j resohitiou
wbich is as foilows:
Itesolvcd, That the 2.1lh stsiuKugruIc, for
cjuductii:gbus:cessiutbis Iiuusc,i:i tbe words
follow.ng:
No I'etitiou, Memiirl'I. Holuiion, or
o-h?r paper, prayins the ab.iiiiiou ofSlavery
in the Diiirict of Colunilia. ur aayo'.her State
or Territory, or the SUte Trade between thc
States or Teiritories ofthe United States, iu
k Iiich it noiv rxist-", shall Lc riccived by thc
Hnnse. or eutcriained in r.ny way nlialetcr;"
The yeas tcin; cullfd ibere appearcd for
the reiul-jliim 103. Agai:it it S0.
Tpii Vv'higs ab; ent, and C0 Loccs.
Fertba repcal nere Nor:h.-rn U'hig who
votcd yea 45
Xuitliera Loiros, 45
Saathc.-n Whiis, " " 5
Siiuilicrn I.OCOS. ' (J
S:iulhjru Wlilgg whj voted n?y 1G
Noriliirn l.ticoi, JC
N..r:!iir.i Whiss " ' 0
.S-jtli-rn Locn. " " 43
Su t'le n'uiiuiiuii! G.it Lair ii rcclndid.
The sgpnf itiincy h.n wua prouJtriomph
fr the catue of lni na:i righ'i The Tribune
asTf-s: "Thiiiithe firt rebnund of the
lull nbich knockcd !ua-;i Vnn ISurcn r.l Unl
i;iins !" Sli.iit Ta ini hie it agaiu nn tbo
'i.-iit r.itl T.i.-in"piniitiiw. Su tuote it bc.
PRESIDEm MESSAGE.
7b the Senale and Ilouse of
Represenlatirts of the Uaited States:
We liave continued cause for expressing
otir "rattitude forthe Supre.ne Rnler of the
Universe for the bctiefits aid blessings which
our country, under Ilis kitid Provideuce, lias
cnjoyedduring ihepastyear. Notwithstand
ing the exciting 6concs through which we
have passed, nothing bis occurred to disturb
the general peace, or toderange the harmony
ofour polilical systera. The great moral
spectacle basbeeii cxhibited of a nation, ap
proximating in nuinber to 20,000,000 ofpeo
ple, having pcrformed the high and impor
taut fnuction of electing their Chicf Magis
Iratcfor the term of four years, wilhnut the
commission of any acts of viotence, or the
maiiifcstatiou ofn spirit of insubordination ! peace ol tnat enliglitencd aud important quar
lo thc Iaws. The great and inestimable 1 ter ofthe- globe ever been. apparcntly, inore
riht of suirra"c, bas beeu cxercised liy all ' firmly estatilished. Theconvictioti that peace
who were invested with it. uuder thc lans of "s the true pohcy of nations, would seem to
the diflerent states, in a spirit aloue dictated be growing and bccorning decper among the
bv a desire, in the selection or an ageut, to ' ciilighteiicd every where; and there is uo
advance ihe interests oflhe country, and to pcople who have astronger interest in cher
place lieyoud jeopardythe institutions uuder 'shmg tbo eenlimcnts nnd ndopling the means
which itis our happincssto live. That the of prcscrving and givicg it permancnce, than
deepcst iuterest has been manifested by all tbose of the United Stales. Amongst thcsc.
ourconnlrymen in ihe result ol the election, 'he first and most eflccme are, no doubt, ihe
isuot le true than hi-blycreditahle totbcm. stnct olisen-ance of justice. and the honest
Vastmuilitudeshavcassembledfromtimeto and pnnctual fulfdment ofall cngagemcms.
timo, at various places. for the purpose of But 11 uot to beforgotten that in the prei-cauvassin-
thcmcrilsand pretcusions of tbose j enl : state ofthe world, it is no Iess necessary
who wcre presected for tbeir t.uirragcs ; butj to be ready to enforce tbeir observance and
. i i fil!fi!in(nt- m rpfrnr In ntirnlvfka tlmri i n
' strain, within proper limits, the popularzeal,
no armed somierv nas ueen ncccssar iu rc-
pcople, to the institutions under wbicli we j it, ciunng your session, be brought to a defi
livc. which nroclaims tbeir perpetuity. The nite conclusion, the result will be nromntlr
- i great objsction which has alivays prcrailcd , communicated to Congrcss. I would, how
against tlie election. bythe people, of their ! ever, callyour atteution agaiu to the rccccin-
Ulnel tixecutive oincer, nas oecn tiie appre-
bension of tumults and disorders, which ,
uiilit iuvolve iu ruiu
the entirc Goveru-
INCtlt.
securilv asainst this is found not onlv in
td. fint l.iri-a nllmlail In lillt.litlialrlrlltlnn-
j- . , , e ,
,ii lact tnat we uve uuaer a conieueracy cm-'
j bracing alrcady twenty-six states ; no one of
wiucn nas powcrto controtiiieeiection. ine
popular votein earh state is takenat the little,
appointed by the lnws, aud such a vote is an-
nounccd by the clcctoral college, without
I ..f.H.nu. In llin J.M.innD nfllin nll .Hlaa
t,pr "iivinu'joiiu U.IUII.IIIUI "i- .iu),!.!-,.!!;
rincss. whtlc bv a voluntarv comnact with
'"'vi'i-,oiiu H iuiv.ii;m jn.uiuuu .i.j..-,
oiners, it connucs to inc nniteii powtr oi au, , grant reposcs m safety under the panolpy of
the proteclion of its citizrns, in matters not her Iaws. Whatever may be the result of
domcs'Jc has been so far crowned wiUi the pcnding nefotiation. such measures are
coinpletesucccss. Thc world has witnesscd necessajy. Itwillaflbrd me the createst
iUrapid growtbin wealth and population; ploasure to witness a happy and favorable
nnd, under the guide and dircclion of a su- j termiuation to the exi siiug tiegotiation, upon
perintendingProvidcnce, the developements terms compatible with the public honor; and
or the paet may be rcgardcd butasthe shad-, ,he bcst efforts of tbe Government w ill con
owmg forth ot the mighty luture. In thc ,inue to be jirected to this end.
bright prospects of thatfuture, wfcshallfind,) It would have givcn me the highest erati
as patnotsand philanthropisi the hig hesl ncationin thn.my lastannual coinmunication
inducements to cultivateandcherwh a love j to congresSi ,0 have bcen aUe ,0 announce
ofunion andtofrown idown evcry mcasure ,0 you the complete and cntirc sct.Iemcnt
or cirort wlueh may be made toal.cnatc the , ,, adjustment 0rother mMets ia difffrence
states, or thc pcople of thc Btates, in senti- betwecn ie Uu;ted s.ates and fc
mcnt and feehng.rrom cach othcr. A ngid mentof IIer Brittanic Majcstv, which were
nml plncp ndlnrnc In llm tcrins ot our1 .... . ' "
.... , j , I, , i ;
poliUcaIrompact,and. abovc al , a wcred
observance ofthe euaranttcs of the Lonsti-
tution, will preserve union on a foundation
which rannot bc shakcn : while personal
liberty isp'acedbeyond hazard or jeopardy.
The guarantcc of rcligious frecdom, ofthe
frcedom of theprcss, ofthe liberty of speech,
of the trial by jury, of the habeas corpui?,
and ofthe domcstic institutions ofeach oflhe
States leavin? the private citizen in full,
cxcrrire orthe high and cnnobling attri-j
butcs of his naturc.and to cach state the priv
ilego which can only be judiciously exerted
by ilself, or consulting thc means best calcu
latcd to advance its own happincss ; these
are the great and important guarantec ol the
Constittition which the loversor liberty nnist
cherishnnd Ihe advocates of union mustevcr
cultivate.
Prescrving construction, aud avoiding
all interpolations by forccd construction
under thc guise of an imaginary expedi
ency, upon the Constitution, the influ
ence ofour political syslem is destined to
bc as actirely aud as beneficiently felt
on the distant shnres ofthe Pacific, as it
is tipon ihosc of thc Allantic Ocean. Thc
only formid.ible imprdimcnts in the way
of its succcssful expausion
time and
space arc ?o far in the progress of inodi
licaticn, hy the iniproTcments of tha age,
as to render no longer speculative the a
bditv of Ilepresentatives from that remote
rcgion to come up to the Capital, so that
le cone.;lutcs e
thc bcnef.ts of Fe
ball participale m all
Federal legislation. Thus
it is. that in Ihe progress of time, thc in-
. .i - e i i i . ...
cst.mable pnvileges of cjvil liberty will
ne cnjojeu uy niiiuon3ci tiuoorn, anu .
the great benefits ofour syslem of got-
CllllllCUl UC CAICIIUCU IU I1UW U1MUIII UliU
. l . j- .- rt -
J: , -
I1UW U131UIII UliU
t r .i.
In view of the
uninhabiled rcgions.
vast wildetness vel to be reclaimed we
Ri.iv well inrite the lover of frppHom. of
every land, to lake up his abodc among ecoll"ue p "ceive assurauces ofthe
IL1., U1, ; ,l,o ...o,L- .fr.niostfncndlyfeehngs on t he part ofall the
advaucing the standard of civilization, &
giving a wider spread to the arts and re
nnement ofcultivaled lile. Uur praprs
should evcrmore he ofTered up to the Fa'
thcr ofthe universe for his wisdom to di'
rect usin the path ofour duly, so as to
enable usto consuniate these high pur
poses.
One oflhe Ftroni'cst obicelinns wiiich has
bccn nrgcd against confcdcracies, by writcrs
on government, is the liability of the mcm
bers to be tampcred wilh hy foreign govcrn
mnnts, or the people ol foreign states, either
in incir locai niinirs, or in sucli as nueclcd
the jcice of others, or endangcred thc safety
of ihe wholc confederar.y. We cannot hope
to be cntirely cxcniptfrom ftuch attempts on
our peace and safety. The U Stales arc be
coming too imporiant in population and re
sources. not to attract the obscmition of oth
cr nations. Il thcrefore may, in progress of
time, occur, tnat npuuons enlirely abslrnct in
the ftatea in which they may prcvail, and in
no degrcc nfi'eclins their domcstic institu
tions, may bc arlfuily, but sccrctly cncourn
gcd with a vicw to undcrminc thc Union.
Such opiiiionsmny hcromc ihe foundnlion
of paliiicil partiep. nnlil at last. liic ronflict
of opini8n,producing an nlicnntion of friend-
ly feelingamonglhe pcople of the differcnt
states, may involve in one gcneral deslruc
tion the happy institutions under which we
live. It should be cvcr borne in mind, that
what istiue in regard to individuals, iacqual
ly 60 in rcgard to statea. An interfcrenre of
one in the afi"airi of nnolher, is a fruitful
source offamily- dissensions and neighbor
hood disputes; and ihe same cause ntfecls
the peace, hnppiness and prospcrily ofstatcs.
It may be moet devoutly lioped that the good
sensc of tlie American pcople will ever be
rcady to repel ull such attcropt!) should they
cvcr be made.
There h.is lieen no material changc in our
foreign relations since my last atinnal mes
sage to congrcss. Wilh all the powers of
Europe e continue on the most friendly
terms. Itidecd, it alTords me much satisfac-
"a to state that at no foriner penocl has tiie
;observe anil
. , V
uiuuumiou coniaiuca in previous messagcs,
designed to protect and facihtate cmigratioo.
lue cstablishmcut ofmilitary posts at
suitable poiuts upon the cxtcndcd line of land
travel. would enable our citizeus to eminrate
111 rftl1lt1!IMl1ri CCetV In lltnfai-Ma.-.,?nr KM
I .1.- !,,- r . V. , , . b . .
iuv uie laus 01 uie .oiumma, auu raake tlie
provision ofthe cxisting courenlion forthe
joini occupauon 01 tne J erntory hy sulijects
of Great Britaiii and the citizcns oflhe United
States, more araildb c than berctotore to thc
latter. These places would contiuuc nlaccs
'nfmatlnf I ll . n - '. . 1 I
iuu u iciiliu II .Ig.UIlSl U1C aCtS Ot tll
viciouslv disnosed and lnulpc- nn.1 1.P .nl;
. ..j miu -I UHU1U1I .IgiUIlSl Uie 3CIS OI tlie
anveneu 10 in a prcvious inessace. It is su
obWoll5, y the Imcrcst orbolh SC0Un!rieS( in
..,-. .i. i i ...i ' . .
respect totlic large aud valuablc cotnmcrco
which exists bctcvceu them, lliat all causes of
complaiut, bowevcr inrousiderahle, should
bc, wilh the grealest promptitude, rcmnvcd
lliat it must be rcgarded as a cause of rcgrct.
that any unneccssary delays should be per
mitted to intcrucne. Il'is true, that, in
a pccuuiary poitit of view, the matters
alluded to arc, allogetlier insigniCcant in
amount, when comparcd with thc amt le rc
snurces of that great nation; but they.nevcr
thejcss, more particularly that limitcdclass
wlitch arise under seizures nnd dctcntions of
American slnpson Ihe coast of Africa, upoti
tbe tnistaken supposition indiilgcil in at the
timc the wrong was committed, of iheir be
ingeugagcd in tbe slave trade, deeply afT
ectlbe sensibilities of tliis goveinment and
people. Great Ilritain having recognized
hcr responsibility to rcpair r.ll such u rongs,
by her actiou in othcr classes, Icavcs uothing
to be regrcltcd upon this subjcct. astoall
cases priorlo the Treaty of Washington.than
thc delay in making suitable reparation in
such oflhem as fall plainly wilbin the prin
ciple of oilicrt;. which she has long
sinco ndjnsted. The injury inflictcd hy de
lays in thc seulement nf these claims. falls
' ' inuivmuai ciaimanis.
iiuu iuuKcsa sirong appcai to Iicr magnauimi
tyandsensc ofjustice fur a speedy settle
mcnt. Other matters, arising out ofthe
construction of cxisting trratics, also rcmain
unadjusted, nnd will contiuuc to be urecd un-
i on her atteution.
Tbe labors oflhe joint committce appoint-
!ed by the two Govcrnments to run tbe divi-
?'nS established by thc Treaty of Warh
;8n. were, unfortunately much dclaycd in
the commcnccment of tbe session, hy thc
f:iiIurc of Congrcss at thc last session. to
maKea timciy appropriation ortunds i
'he expeusesof ihe American party.
,umcrcauscF.
omercauscs. ihe United Slates Ci
l , , .
lEioncr, bowever, expresses his cxpectation
that, byiucrcased dilligencc and encrgy, the
party will be
able to raakc up Tor lost
time.
j other European powers: with each, and all
ot wuom, llisso obviotisly ouriutcrcst to cul
tivate ihe most amicable relations. Nor can
1 anticipate the occurrencc of any cvcnt
which would bclikely, in auy dcgrce, to dis
tutb those relations. Russia.tbe great north
ern power. uuder the judicious swayofher
imjjcrur, is cousiantiy aavancing in theroad
ofscience aud improvcment; while France,
guidcd hy the councils orher wise Sovereign,
pursues a course calculatcd to consummate
ihe general peace. Spain has obtained a
hreathing epell of somc duration, from the in
tcrnal convulsions which have, tbrough so
many ycars, marrtd hcr prosperity; while
Anstria, the Netberlands, I'russia, Belgium,
and the other powers of Europe, reap a rich
harvest of blegsings from tbe prevailiti"
peace. "
I informed the two houses of Congress iu
my messaee of Dcceniber last that instruc
tions had bren givcn to Mr. Wheaton, our
Ministcr at Bcrliu, to ncgotiatc a Ircaty with
the Gcrmanic states rompo.Mng tlicZoll Ver
eing, ir it could be done, stipnlatiiig as far as
it were practicable to acccmplisli it, for a re
ductiou ofthe bcavy and oncrous dnties lev-
ied oo our tobacco. nnd othcr leading articlcs
of a-ricultural productiou; and yicldiug in
rcturn, nn our part. a rci iictinn nf flmtr. nn
such nnicIcB, ths production cf iheir onn in-
dustry, as would not come mto competition,
or but a limited one, with articles of our in
dustry. Thc Executive, in giving such in
structions, considered ilself as aciiug iu stnct
conformity wilh the wbhe of Congress as
made kuown tlituah several measures wbich
it had adoptcd; all directcd to tbe accomphsh
ment of this important result. The treaty
was, thcrefore, uegoiiatcd; by which esaential
reductions weresecurcd in the duties levicd
by the Zoll Verein, ou tobacco, rice nnd lard,
acconipaniedbyastipulatiou for tbe admis
sion of raw cotton, free ofduty. Iu exchangc
for wbich highly important concessions, a re
duction of dulics imposcd by tbe Iaws of the
United Slales on a variety of arlicles most
of which were aduiitted free of nll duty un
der the actof Cmisress, comnionly knowu as
tbe compromise law, and but lew of wbich
were produccd in the United States was stip
ulated for ou our part. The treaty was com
municated lo the Senate at an early day of its
last sessiou, but not acled upon till its close;
when for the want. as I am buund to presnme
of full time to cousidcr it. it was laid upon
the lable. This procedure had the efTect of
virtually rejecting it, iu coiisequcnce oi a stip
ulation contained in ihe treaty, that its ratifi
cations should be cxchanged on or before a
day which has already passed. The Execu
tive aciiug upon a fair inferencethat the Sen
ate did not iutend its absolute rcjeclion, gave
instructions to our mimster at Jlerlin to re
opcn the ucgocialiou, so far as to nbtain au
extciision ot time for ratilications. I regrct
boMCvcr, to say ihat his ellbrts in this respect
have been uusuccessful. I am ucverthclcss,
uotwilbout hope that the great ndvantages
wlucn wereiutenUeU tobe secnred by the trea
ty, may yct be rcalized.
I am happy to itifonn you that Bclginmhas,
by an "arrete royale," isued in July last, as-
similatcd the flag of the Uuitcd States to hcr
own, 60 faras the direct trade betvtecn tbe
two couutries is concerned. This measurc
will prove ofgrcat service to our shipping in
terests ; thc trade having heretofore been car-
ried on cbiefly iu foreign bottoms. I flattcr
myself that she will speedily resort to a modi
fication of hersystcm relating to the tobacco
trade. which would decidedly benefit tbe ag
riculture oflhe United States, and opcrate to
tlie mutual advaDtage ot both countries.
No dcGnite iutelligence has yct been receiv
ed from our Minister of thc conclusion of ;
Treaty with the Cbinese Empire; buteuough
is knowu to induce thc strongest hopes that
thc mission will becroivncd with success.
With Brazil our relations continue on the
most friendly footing. The commercial in
tercnurse betwceu that growing empire and
thc Uuited States, is bccoming daily ofgreat
er importauce to both; nuditis tbe interest
ofboih that the firmcst relations ofamiiy aud
good will should continue to becultlvated be
tween them.
The Republic ofNcw-Grcnada still wilh
holds, iiotwiihstanding tlie most perscvering
efibrts have been cmploved by our Charge
d'Affaires, Mr. Blackford, to produce a differ-
eut result, iu Ihe case ottne orig "JMorns.
And the Congress of Venzucla, nllhnugh an
arrangemcnt has hccn cnected betwecn our
alinisteraud the Minister of Foreign AITairs
of lliat gotcrumcnt forthe payment of $18,-
000 in Uischarge orits Iiabiliiics iu the same
case, nas allogetlier neglcctcd to inake pro
visiou for its payment. It is to be hoped that
a sense ofjustice will soon iuduce a setllemcnt
ortliese claims.
Our late Ministcr to Chili, Mr. Pendleton
has returned to ihe United Slatcs, without
having cfTected an adjustment iu tbe second
claim ofthe Macedouian, which is dclaycd on
grounus ailogellicr involous and untenatile.
Mr. Pcndleton's succcssor has been directcd
to urge ibc claim iu ihe strongest terms; and
in ihe event ofa failure lo obtaina pcimancm
adjustment to rcport llie fact to ihe Executive
at as eatly a day as possiblc.so ibattbewhole
matter may be cummuiiicatcd lo Congrcss.
At your last session, I suhinittcd to iheat
tcnlion of Congrcss. the Conveution with ihe
public of I'ern, orthe 17th ofMarch.18-11.
providing for tl e adjustment of thc claims of
cmzens ol tlie Lnucd Matcs agaiustthat.Ke
public; but nodefiuite aclion was lakcu up
ou the subjcct. I again iuvite to it your at
teution and prompt actinn.
In my last Annual Mcssagc, I felt itto
be my duty to make known to Congrcss,in
terms both plain and cmphatic, rnyopin
ion in regard to the war which has so long
existed between Mexico and Texas ;
which, ."inccthc battlc ofSan Jncinto.lns
consisted altogethcr of prcdatory incur-
sions, attcndcd hy circumstnnces rcvolting
to humanity. I repeat now, what I then
said, that after eight years of feeble and
incllcctual ellorts to recovrr Texas, il
was timc that the war should have ccafed
llie Unitctl Matcs had a direct interest
in the question. The contiguity of the
two nations to our territory was but too
well calculatcd to involvc our peace.
Unjust suspicti ns were engendered in the
mind ofonc or the other ofthe belliger-
cnts against us ; and, as a necessary con-
scqucnce, American mtcrests were made
to sufTer, and our peace became daily en
dangercd In addition to which it must
have been ohviousto all, that the exhaus
tion produccd hy the war. .subjcct both
Mexico and Texas to the interfercncc of
other powers ; which, without the interpo-
smon oi tnis government, migi.t evcntuate
in the most scrious iniury to thc United
States. This Government, from time to
time, exerted its friendly ofiices to bring
about a termiuation of hostiliiies upon
terms honorablc alike to both thebilliger-
ents. tts eitorts m tnis bchall proved un-
availing. Mexico secmed. almcst with
out an ohject, to persevere in the war, and
no othcr alternativc was Iefl thc Executive
but to take advantage of the well-known
dispositions of Texas, and to invite her to
cnter mto a treaty for annexing her terri
tory to that ofthe United States.
Since your last session, Mexico has
threatencd to renewthe war, and has
either made, or proposes to make. for-
midablc preparations for invading Texas.
-one nas issucu decrces and proclaaia
tious, preparatory to tlie coramencement
of hostilitics, fullof threals, revolting to
humanity; and which, if carried into ef-
fect, would arouse thc altention ofall
Christcndom. This new demonstration
C l I .. . . ,
oi ieenng, inere is ioo mucn reason to
believe. has been produccd in conseqtience
oi tne negociation oi the trcanes of an-
ncxation with Texas. The Exeeulive
thcrefore, could not bc indiuerent tostich
proccedings; and felt it to 1)3 due, as well
to itself as to the honor ofthe country,
that a strong rcpresentation should be'
madcto the Mextcan Government upon
the subject. This wasaccordintrly done-
as will be secn by the copy ofthe accom-
panying dcspatch from the Secretary of
oiaie 10 me u. oiaies tnvoy at Mexico.
Mexico has no right to ieoDard the near.p
ofthe world by urging any longer a usc
Iess and fruitless contest. Such a con
test such a condition of things would
not be tolerated on the European conti
nent. Why should it be on this A war
of dcsolalion, stich z is now threatened
by Mexico, cannct be waged without in
volvingonr pcaee and trauquility. Itis
idle to believe that sueh a war could be
lookcd upoi with indifference by our onn
citizcns, inhabiting adjoining States ; and
our ncutr.il'.ty would be violalcd, in des
pite of all eflbrts cn the part ofthe Govern
ment tnprcvcnt it. Thc country is set
lled by emigrants from the United States,
under invitations held out to them by
Spain and Mexico These emigrants
have lefl behind them friends and rela
tives who would not fiil to sympathise
with them in their diflicuitics, and who
wculd bc Ied by those sympathies to par
ticipatc in their struggles, however cncr
geticthe action of Government to prevent
it. Nor would thc i-umerous and furmid
ahlchands of Indians, the inostnarlikelo
he found in any land, which occupy thc
extcnsive regions contiguous to the States
of Arkansas and Missouri, and who are
in posession of large tracts of country
within thc limits of Texas, be likely to
rcmain passive. The inclination of these
nunicroiis tribcs led them invariablyto
war whencver pretexls exist.
Mexico had no just ground of displeas
ure against this Government of People
for negotating the treaty. What interest
of hers was eftected by thc trraty ? She
was dcspoiled of notliine, since Texas was
forever lost to her. The iiidepcndeuCc of
Texas was recognized by several of the
leading Povjf-rs of thc carth. She was
free to treat- free lo adopt her own line
of policy fiee 'to take the course which
she blicvcd was bcst calculatcd to secure
her happiness. Her Government and
People decided on annexation to the Uni
ted States ; and Executive saw.in the
acquisition of such a territory, the means
ofadvancing their permancnt happincss
and glory. W hat principle of good faith
then was violated 1 what rule of political
morals trampled tinderfoot t So far as
Mexico herself was concerned, the meas
ure should have been rcgarded by her as
highly beneficial. Her inability to con
quer Texas had been cxhibitcd, I repeat,
by eight now nine years of fruitless con
test. In the meantime, Texas has been
growing in population and rcsourccs.
Emigration has flowed into her territory,
from all parts of the world, in a currcnt
which continucs to increase with strength.
Mexico rcquires a permanent boundary
between thc yoting republic and herself.
Texas, at no distant day, if she continucs
separate and detached from the United
States, will inevitably seck to consolidate
hcr strength by addingtn her domain the
contiguous provinces of Mexico. The
spirit of revolt from the control of the
Central Government has thcrefore, mani
fested itsclfin ome of those provinces;
and it is fair to infer that they would be
inclined to take thc first favorable oppor
tunity toproclaim their indcpcndencc.and
to form close allianccs with Texas. Thc
war would thus he cndlcts ; cr if cctsa
tions of hostilitics should occur, they
would only cndure for a seasou.
The interests of Mexico, therefore,
could in nothing be bctterconsultcd than
in a peace with hcr neighbors, which
would result in the cstablishment ofa per
mancnt boundary. Upon the ratification
of the treaty, the Executive was prepared
to treat with her on most libcral basis
Ilence ihe bouudarics of Texas were lcft
undefiiied by the treaty. The Executive
proposcd to scttle these upon terms that
all the world should havepronounccd just
and rcasouablc. No ncgotation upon that
poitit cculd have bccn undcrtakcn be
tween thc United States and Mexico, in
advance of the ratification ofthe treity.
We should have had no right no power
no authority, to have conductcd such a
ncgotation . and tf have undcrtakcn it,
would have been an assumption cqually
rcvolting to thc pride of Mexico and Tex
as, and subjecting usto tbe charge of ar
rogance ; while to have proposed in ad
vance of annexation, tosatisfy Mexico for
any contingcnt interest she might have in '
Texas, would have bccn to have trcatcd
Texas, not as an indtpeudcnt power. but
ns a mcre drpcndcncy of exico. This
assumption could not have been actcd up
on by thc Exccutivp, withcut setting at
dcfiancc your ovin solemn declaraticn that
that Republic was an iudepetidant State
Alexico had, it is true, threatened war
against thc United States:, in the ciciit thc
Treaty of Anucxaticn was ratificd. Thc
Executive could not permil itself to be iu
fluenccd by this tbrcat. It represcnted
in this, thc spirit of our Pcople, who are
ready to sacrifice much for peace, but
nothing to intimidation. A war, under
any circumstanccs, isgreatly tobe de
plorcd, and thc United States is the last
nation to desire it ; but if, as thc condition
oi peace, it be rcquired of usto f rego thc
unquestionablc right of treating with an
independent power, ofour Continent, up
on matters highly intercsting toboth, and
that upon a nakcd and unsustaincd pre
tcusion of claim byalhird powcrto con
trol the free will ofthe power with whom
we treat derotcd as we mav be to neace.
and anxious to cultivate friendly relations
witn tne wiioie world, the bxecutive does
not hesitate tosay that the People ofthe
United States would be willing to brave
all consequences, sooner thanto submit to
such conditions. .But no apprehension of
ii was enieriainca by the Executive; and I
mnst cxpress frankly the opinion that, had
the Treaty been ratified by thc Senate. it
wouiu nav-e dccu toiiowed by a prompt set
tlemcnt, to the cntire satisfaction of Mex-
ico, ofcvery matlerin differencc betwecn
the two countries. Seeinc then that new
preparations for hostile invasion of Texas
were about to be adopted by Mexico.cc lhat
these were brought about because Texas
Has adopted the suggestion of the Execu-
uvcupon tne suuiect of Anncxat on.it
could not passively have folded its arms
and permitted a war, threatened to be ac-
companicd by cverr act that could mark a
barbarous age, to be wagcd against her,
because she had done so.
Otbcr considerations ofa controllinc chnr-
acier inuuencea inc course ot tne bxecuiirp.
The treaty which has thus been negotiated,
uauiaiieaio rcceivc inc ratilication nt the
Senate. One of ihe cbief obiections whirl.
were urged against it, was found to exist in
the fact that the question of annexation had
not bccn submittcd to lho ordral nf nM:
opinion in the Uuitcd Slatcs. However un
tcnablc such au objectinn was estepmp,!
in view of the unquestionablc power of the
Executive to ncgotiate the treatv, and the
great and Instinc interest invnK-? ;n
qeuetion.I fellit lo he my dutT to submit
the wholo subjcct to Congress as tbe bcst
cxpounders of popular sentiment. No defi
nite action having bceii takeu on the subject
of Congiess, thc question referred ilself di
rcctly to the decision oflhe Stat's aud the
Pcople. The great popular election wbich
has just tcrminaicd, aUorded the best oppor
tunity of ascertaining the will of tbe States
and People upou it. I'ending tbat issue it
became the imperativc duty ofthe executive
to infurm Mexico tbat ihe question of annex
ation was still heture the American people.
and lhat. until tbcirdecisiou wasprnnounccd,
any seiious invasiun of Texas would bc rc
garded as an attempt to forestall their jitdg
mcnt, and could not be lookcd upon with in-
dilTcience. I am most bappy to mform you
that no such invasion nas taken place, aud 1
trut that, nhateveryour action may beupoii
it. Mexico will gee the importauce of decidiug
tbe matter by a resnrt lo pencciul expedipnls,
in nreferpnce to tbose nrarm. The dcisitm
ofthe People oflhe States, on this great and ' fovernuicnt to go intothe in.irket for a par
iutercstinz subject, has hcen decisively mani- rhase of itsov.n stock, ou fair terms, kol-H
frsled. The question of annexation hasbcen ' eive to maintain its credit at the higbcst
prpsented nakedly lo their cousideration. By I pint, ajid prevcr.t. to a great cxtenr. those
the treaty iisclfalfcollateral and incidental is- fltictaatiucs in tlie priceof itssecurities.wliiih
sucs, which nerc calculatcd to divide and might, uniler other circamstaai.es, a.Tect iia
ilisiract the public counciw. were carelullv a -
l voidfd. Ihcsewcre lcft to the wisdom of
i the luture to determiuc. It presented, 1 re
' peat, thc isolatcd quesiionof anneaiian; and
, m Ihat form it has been submittcd to ihe or- . acd alnoad, at a deprcciatinn, ani could fiml
deal of public scutiment. A contmliing ma- no purchasers, are now grcatly akove par ia
'jorily oflhe People, acd a large niajorily of 'he hand-s ofthe holJers; but a wise aml pni
. the States. hac declared in favor ofimmedi dcnt forecast admonishcs us to place bcjoud
ate annexation. Instructions have thuscome
np lo both brancbrs of Congress. from iheir
respcctivc coustiluents, iu terms tbemostcm-
piiaiic. n is tne wm oi uom uie reopie and
tbc fatates.ibat lexasshall be annexed to the I , ' . . "rteu.
Union promptly and immediatcly. It may be I and tne fesolution or 1S1G. the cutrcn
hoped that, in carrying into execution thc pub-' cy ofthe country Iias attained a state of
lic will. thus declared, all collmeral issucs may 1 perfect soundncss.- and the ralcs of ex
be avoided. Future Legislatures can best cl be,veen difTerant patts of the U
decideastothenumberofStatcswbichshouid i . a .. , . , . , , ...
be formed out orthe territory, when the time j n,on umch' ,n 1S41' denoted. bJ
has arrived for deciding that question. So ' enormous amount, the great depreciation,
will all others. By the treaty the United 1 and in fact worthlessness of the currencj
States assumcd the payment ofthedebts of( ;c mosl ofthe s,ates arc now rcduced
000, to he paid. with the exception 0ra sum
l.illmgsbort org-JOO.000, exclusively out or
ihe procceds oflhe salcs or hcr public lands.
We could not.withhonor take the lands.wiih-
out assuming thc full payment of all incum
brances upon them.
Nothing has occurred since tbelast session,
to induce a doubt t!iattlie'li?po?iticnsof Tex
as rcmain unallcred. No intimaiion of au al-
icrcu ociermiriaiion, on ine pan oi ncr gov -
, , , . ' r . . j i
ernment aud neonlp. has been turmshed to the
Executive. She still desires to llirow her
self under the prolcctiou ofour Iaws, and to
partake ofthe blcssings ofour federativc sys
tcm; white every American interest would
seem to require it. Thc extcusion of our
coastwisc and foreign trade, to an nmount al
most incalculablc the cnlargcmcnt of the
market for our mannfaclurcs a constantly
growing markct for our agricullnral produc
tions safety to our fronticrs, and addilional
strength and slability to the Union these ate
the resulls whicb would rapidly ilevelope
themselYCs, upon the consumation of the
mcasure of annexation. n such cvcnt. I will
not donht' but that Mexico would find her
tiuc interest to consist in meeiing the ad
vanccs of this Government iu a pirii of am
ity. Nordo Iapprehcnd any scrious complaint
from any olher quarter; no sufiicietit ground
exists for any such complaiut. Wc should
intcrfcre in no respect wilh the rights or any
othermitiou. There cannot bcgathcrcd from
the act, any dcsign on our part to do so with
their posessions on this Continent. We have.
intcrposed no irnpediments in ihe way nf
such acqtiisilions oflrrrilory, large aud cx
tcn;ivc as many ofihcm are, as tbe leading
powers or Europe have made, from lime to
time, in evcry part of thc world. We scek
no conqticst made by war. No intrigue will
have bceu resortcd lo, or acts or dipIonia-y
esbayrd to arcoinplish thc annexation of'i'ex
as. Frcc and independent herself. she ask
cd to be rcceived into our Union. It is a
question for our own decision wbether ehe
slinll be receivcd ornot.
The two Govcrnments have already agrecd.
tbrough Iheir respeclive organs, on the lerins
ofanuexatinn. I would rccornineiid iheir a
dnption by Congrcss iu the form ofa joint rcs
olution, or act, to be perfcclcd and made bind
ingonthctno couuirics, when adopted in
hke manner by Ihe government orTexns.
In ordcr that the subject may be fully pre
sented.in all its bearings, tbe correspnridence
which has taken place, iu reference to it.
smce thc adjnurumcut or Congrcss, between
j llie United Stales, lexas, nud.ilexico, isberc
t with iranbiniticd.
I Thc ainrndments propo.ed by the Senate
to ihe Couvenlion concludrd bcirrecu the
, United States and Mexico on ibeSOih or No
j vembrr. 184.l, have been Iransmiltcd tbrough
I onr Minisicr. fur the cnncurrencc oflhe Mes
' ionn govenimenl ; but, nlthough urged there
' to, no action has yet been had ou ihe subject;
uor has auy ausucr been civcn which wnuld
authorizc any favorable conclusion in the fu
ture. The Decrce of Sepiembcr, 18-13, in relation
to the retail trade. thc order forthe cxpulsiou
of foreiguers, nud that ofreccni dnte iu regard
to passports nll or which are considered as
in violatiou orthe Trcaiy or Amity ar.d Com
merce between the two cnnntricF, have led
tfi n rnrrricnnildrtrf. nf rnnairtprnl.! lpnlli
betwecn ihe Miuisters for Foieign Relations A fancied expediency is elevalcd alx)i
and ourRepresentative at Mexico. I.ut nith- Constitutional authority; and a recUw
out any wtisfactory result. They rcmain ; and wastefll exlravagance but toocetlaia
still unadjusted; and manvand smousincon- : , ,, . ... e,,r
veniences have already rc'snhed to our cili- j Tollows. Tbe important power of W
zens iu conscquence of them. ation, which, when excrcised in its mc:
Qucstions growing out ofthe act ofdisarm- ' restricted form. is a hurden on lahor and
ing a body oTexian troops under the com- produclion s resorted to, under vatioUJ
mand orMajoranively, by an ofiicer in thc 1 . . . - ,r,;tr
service ofthe United States, acting under the P'elexU. for putposes hav.iig no afiim
orders or our Government; and the forcible to the motives which dictated its griw.
enlry into the custom IIousc at Bryarly's and the extravagance of government stira-
Landing on iheRed Rivcr. by ccrtain citi- uiJtes :nJiv;dual extravagance, until tbe
zeusof tbe Lmted states, and taking away .. , ., , i . -iili.
thererrom the goods seizcd by the Collcctor sPml of a w,,d and '"teg1:iied sPecU 1
orthe Customs,as rorreitcd under the Iaws or tion, involves one and all in its unlortu
Teyas, have been adjusted,so Tar as Execu- nate results. In view of such fatal con-
tive pojrsrs extend The correspondencc be- sequences. it may be laid down as an aii
twccn the two Govcrnments in reference to , , . . , i tmih.
both subjects. will be found amongst the ac- om. founded ,n ,noraI a"d P ,t,cal l,BI"' .
compayning documcnts. It contains a full that no greater taxes should be impasc
statemcut ofall the acts and circumstatices, than are necessary for an economical :"
wilh the views taken on both sides, and tbe m::,-. ,,.?.. r,i,- ..n.nmnnl' and that ,
.., , . . . , .. , ,
pnnciples on wbich thc question have been
adjusted. It remains for Congress to make
'he necessary appropriation to carry the ar-
angemcut into cfTect, which I respcctfuHy
recommend.
The greatly improvcd condition of the
Treasury.asubjeetofgeneralcongratulatiou.
The paralysis which had Tallen on trade and
commerce. and which subjccted the Govern-
mcntto tlie necessity orresortmgto loans and
the iSsueorTreasnry notes,lo a large amount
has passed away; and afier the payment or
upwards or&J7.000,000,on account ol ibe in-
terest, anr1 in reccption ofmore than S5.000,-
000 nf thp niltlllP flpbt rfiirli Ml. itnn nn tlia
. J! .1 n
000 of the public debt. which falls due on the
crcsi. aue- iu reccnuon oi more tnan oo.uuu.-
IfVomvf onnV'3 cdse,"nSaPa
orS2,000,000 Tor thc payment aroutstnndins
,rt,n, . i.
Treasury notcs, and mecting an installmenl
ofthedehtsofthe.corporatecities ofthe Dis-
trict of Colum'bia an estiraated surplus of
upward of $7,000,000. over and above iheex-
. . ... . rr.
istinsannronnattons. will rcmain in ihe Jreas-i
uryat the close oflhe fiscal year. Sbould,
the Treasury notes continue outstanding, as
at surplus will be consmeraujj
nngraeDtrd. Althotjgb all iutfrei? ha a
..v.w.v.w.. ' " - - 'J I
ed upou them. and tbe Government has inu
teu tncir retutp to the Treasury, yet they re-
iimiu uuisiaoaing; auoniing great racilitiet0
commerce, aud establijh'uig tbo fact that. uE
der a well reeulaled system of liuaucc. ihj
Covermnem has resourcts wi'lhin itself.nhid,
reuder it indepeudent in time of nccd.nnt oB
ly of private loans, but also of bai:k racili'ie3"
Tbe ouly remainmg subject of r-gret is'
lhat thc rcinainipg stucks orthe Govrrnnieat
do uotf.dl dueat an earlier day ; S;nce ,jj -redemption
would beentitely uiiliii, itJCo
trol. As it h, it may be n efl worlhy the co
sidcraiion of Congrcss, whcthcr tha lan
tablishinz ihe sinking fund uuder tlie oner
ation of which ihe dehts of the Ucvolution
and last war with Great Britaiii were to
great extent, extiiiguished shuuld r.or. with
proper modilications, (so as lo prtvmt aB
aecumul.ition of snrphisscs, aud limited in a-
mount to aspccificsum,) bc rc-cnacted
! Such tirovision. uhich ivfnibl nn:bnrr7ii iti.
, crcuii. io pprencnason ol t-.n sort w, at
this momcut cntertained; siuce the stocl.s of
the Guveruments vthich but two ycats ago
were otfered for sale to capitalists, at home
tlie reacli ot contingency the puulic creilit.
It must also be a matter of uiirningled
gratiKcation, that under the cxisting fini-
svpm ,., llrimi ,!, nr, r 1 770
10 a 'lVrc hn the mere expensc of
j transporung specie irom piace 10 piace,
and the risk incidental to thc operation,
In a new country likc that of the United
States where so tnany inducements ate
held out for speculation the depositories
of the surplus tevenue, cotisisting of
Banks of any descnption, when it reach
. :.i.i.i ,,- ,i,
i cs any consiuerablc amount, requircs tne
i ' ..
closest vigilance on the part ofthe Got.
ernment.'' All banking institutions, un
der whatever denomination they may
pass, are governed by an alniosl exclu
sive regard to the interests of the stock
holders. That interest consists in the
argument of profits, in the form cf divi-dend.-r,
and a large sutplus rctcnue en
trusted to their custody is but too apt to
lcad to cxccssive loans and to extrava
gantly large issucs of papcr. As a nec
essary coiisequcnce, prices are nomtnally
increascd, aud thc speculative matiu ev
cry wherc seizes upon the public mind.
A ficticious state of prosperity fur
season exiat?; aud, in thc language of ths
day moncy bccomcs plenty. Contracls
are cnlercd inlo by individunls, reting
on this unsubstsntial state ofthiiigs, lut
the deluiion speeilily passes away, and
the countty is overtun by an indebtcd
ness so wcighty as to otertvhclm rnmj,
and to vistt every department of indusiry
vtith great and ruiuous embarrasnient.
The greatest vigilance becomes necessary
on the part of the Government to giiitd
against this state of things. The dcpes
iiors must be giren distincily to ui.dfr.
stand that tbe favors of thc Government
will be altogethcr withdrawii. or suhstan
tiallv diminiihcd if its reicntics shall le
regaided as addttinns to their batiking
capital, or as the foundation of an r::!ir
ged circiilalicn. The GnvcrnmeD!,
tbrough its rcvenue, has, at all limcs tn
important part to perform in conr.rxtes
with thc currency, and it grcatly dcpend?
upou ils vigilance and caru thetlirr t!.c
country bc involred in embarrasirrr.!
siqiilar to those vthich it has had rrccnll;
to encountcr; or, aidcd by the actiou rf
the Treasury, shall bc prescrved in i
sound ond healihy condition.
The dangers to bc guardcd against
are greatly atigmentcd by too large a sut
plus .ol revenuc. When ihat surplrj
greatly exceeds in amount what rh.ill b:
rcquired by a wise and prydent fcicrajt
to mcct unforseen conlingencics, ths
Legislature itself may come to be seized
with a disposition toitidulge in curan
gant appropriations to obiccts, tniny cf
'. which may and most probakly wonM
be found to conflict nith thc Cotistitntioa
IIIII1IOIIUIIUI1 V IMl. ,
, , , . .1.1 k r.rtncftl
whatever exists beyond should be redicW
or modified. This doctnne. does m '
way conflict with the exercises ofa souna
discrimination in the selectiou of the
. . , , , h;rh - Jue reirard to
"cIes l0.be ,axfd- w.b a,l "f' t
the pub!iP weal ivould at all times suggu
tothe Lemslative mind. It leaves tne
. J , ,d a, be nlJ
icction suouiu n aj
, eye to thegreat interests ol 1
Composed as is the Union, ol
J -1- . C...na nntrinlll
ade with JD
the country-
' y, J - .1 TT:r. n F CffnMitC
ooroDOseo as is mc uui"", .-r--
:non.nftan Stales. a natriotic LesK'atnr .
"!'" . , . ......... o
wiU not fail in contuIting tl.e
. . . . i " ui lts
the parts to aoopi suc. cou.
best calculatcd in advance thc n.n"
0f lue ivhole, and thus insnre that P
; lhe nolicy oflhe governEf"
lliailtw p""! a , -
... ... .', ...... .,ic.nee to
"'tmoui. u...ci. m-
public prospctity ate vam
.llv important
:5k
A I i l i; 1 1-... WWU . . J , , , .
teits ith t!ngr ana w
t'1!