SOY BEANS-THEIR CULTURE AND USES
ly C O CnCMER, Department of Sol and Crops. Purdue University Ex
pen mem Station
Purdue University Agricultural Extension.
1
er. - . -
A Successful Field
My clover failed on account of dry
weather,' or My clover frote out"
"Now what shall 1 do or what can I
so to make up fur the clover fail
ure"' This is eju-stivn that haa been
put tu the soils and crops department
many times I'ntii within ttkf last t-n
or fifteen years this question was hard
to answer, but the department now
knows the value of some of the annual
legume as substitutes for clover, tine
of the most Important among these ia
the soy bean.
The soy bean, being a IggOM that
matures in one year, is subject, more
or less, to the same conditions and the
same treatment as any of the other
annual plants Heii.g subject to frost
anl freezing. It becomes necessary to
delay the planting until all danger of
frost has passed by As a general rul
it Is safe to plant soy beans Immedi
ately after the corn haa Iven planted
or from the fifteenth of May on For
sed production, the soy bean should
be planted not later than the tenth of
June and. If then, only he earlier ma
turing varieties should be usd The
earlier maturing the variety used, the
smaller 111 bo the yield of aoed
There are three methods of planting
soy beans drilling in rows, drilling
olid, and sowing broadcast The seed
ma be sown in rows, not over thirty
six inches apart for largest seed
yields with a corn planter, setting the
drill attachment to drop, on the aver
age, one seed every two inches, or
wt'h a grain drill, set to sow one and
one-half to two bushels of oats per
acre The seed should not be rovered
deeper than one or one and a half
Inches A heavy rain may pack the
ground so firmly that the plants can
not push their way through, when
covered deeper Broadcasting is the
least desirable method of sowing soy
beans of any. because of the poor ger
mination that may occur due to lnsuffl
clent covering and moisture and the
consequent large percentage of weeds
that grow up. The average of several
years' experimentation at this station
shows that, when sown In rows, a
slightly larger yield of seed and hay
has been secured from the rows sown
from twenty-four to twenty-eight
Inches apart than from rows over
thirty two Inches wide Drilling solid
with a wheat drill at the rate of 60
pounds of seed per acre produced a
bushel of seed and nearly seven hun
dred pounds of hay per acre more
than sowing In rows twenty-four to
. lasiaiP nr TUC Cfill
LIItIINu Ul lilt oUIL
By JOHN B ABBOTT. Department of
Soils and Crops. Purdue University
Experiment Station.
Purdue University Agricultural Ex
tension. The kind of lima to use and the
amount are matter of distinctly sec
ondary Importance. Essentially the
am effect will be produced oy 100
pounds of marl, ground shells, ground
limestone or air slacked lime as by 71
pounds of hydrsted lima or pounds
of fresh burned lime, and It makes
very little difference which is used.
noire should be based mainly on rel
ative cost snd purity, but msy be. In
fiuenced to a certain extent by the
facts that burned lime and hydrated
lime are more disagreeable to handle
thsn the other forms and probsbly
somewhat more exhaustive of the or
ganic matter in the soil.
Th Question of real Importance is
whether to use lime at all or not The
answer depends absolutely upon the
5fc-
chemical reaction of thn soil. If the jt makeg mile difference whether the
noil is basic or alkaline In reaction amoUnt left over be large or small
lime need not be used, but If the soil Wthin ressonabls limits- hence It
Is acid lime is needed bsdly makes little differencn whether the ap
Acids and bases are exact opposite 1 plication of lime be two tons to the
vhemlcally. and when brought to- acre or four, except that the smaller
gether as they are In the soil they the application the sooner It will have
otmbinH and form chemically neutral, to be repeated
and e i .rally harmless, compounds. Consistent success with clover or
This chemical combination gos on un- alfslfa Is proof thst the soil does not
til all of the acid or all of the base is ' need lime. Persistent fstlure of these
used up Of course It is only seldom crops Is a good indication that it does
that the amounts of acid and baso A simple confirmatory test may be
are Just nual. ro af r th reaction is msde with blue litmus paper, which
complete tber Is some of ono or th ran be purchased at any drug store,
other left over Whichever one is Hreak open a moist clod. Insert a
thus left nncomblned governs the strip of the blue litmus paper, press
character of the soil If acid coin the soil firmly together again, and
pounds are left over the soil Is said lesv for ten to fifteen minutes Pro-
to be mir" or acid in reSYCttoa nounced reddening lndk-atus acidli.
. j"4 ' ..n : r.
of Soy Beans.
twpty eight inches apart Drilling
solid alo produced $S bushels of seed
and 1.3'xt pounds of hay more than the
broadcasting mt-thod produced, and
greatly lessened the percentage of
weeds cds are quite troublesome,
even where the seed is drilled solid,
when 'he season is wet. but on the av
erage tli best yields of both grain and
hay can b obtained by drilling solid
so far as experiments at this station
Indicate If the ground is foul it prob
ably would be bc$t to sow in rows.
The soy bean crop, of course, can be
cultivated only when It is growing in
rows, and up until harvest time it may
be handled as one would cultivate
com. A corn cultivator with adjust
able wheels can be used on rows not
less than twenty-eight or thirty
inches wide
kassj as well as the cow pas.
are adapted for use In the rotation
when clover fails Instead of sowing
Iks Seid due for a legume to a grain
crop, either soy beans or cow peas may
be sown In the spring, and the crop cut
in the late summer either for seed or
hay An average yield of seed is flf
teen to twenty bushels. Many farmers
are able to produce from twenty -five
to tb1rty-fle bushels of seed per acre.
It is also possible to obtain from three
to four tons of soy bean hay. while a
leid of less than two tons would be
considered unsatisfactory. Soy beans
are excellent feed for hogs In the early
fall when balanced up with corn.
Young animals make good gains and a
large amount of egetable material la
tramped into the soil.
Soy beans make a good growth
when sown after the wheat crop It
harvested, provided there is sufficient
moisture to keep the plants growing.
I nder favorable conditions ten tons, on
h" average, of wilted green material
can oe produced If an early variety
of seed is used, and the season is un
usually long, a fair crop of sed can
be harvested by sowing after wheat
harvest. The chief purpose of an
after harvest crop of soy beans Is for
plowing under
Soy bean oil Is coming into promi
nence for a variety of purposes, such
as soap making and as a partial sub
stitute for lluseed oil in paints, and it
is safe to predict that the manufacture
of this product will be one of the new
industries of this country which will
bsj a sou reo of considerable profit and
at the same time build up a profitable
market for soy beans for the farmer
snown thlt ,ne ari'1 condition is very
unfarable to crop production Thä
is particularly true of clover and al-
falfa. which fait to develop root nod
ules In acid soils, and In consequenca
soon sicken and die. In the case of
rich soils these crops may survive lu
spite of acidity, but In such cases they
draw their nitrogen from the soll Just i
as other crops do Instead of taking a ,
larg part of it from the air. as they
ar capable of doing under more fa
vorable conditions.
Maintenance of a supply of nitrogen
in the soil for the grain crops is de
pendent upon fixation of atmospheric j
nitrogen by legumes, so the failure of
legumes to fix nitrogen Is a serious
matter. It means soil exhaustion
To correct this very unfavorable
r-ondlttnn the reaction of the soil must
be changed from acid to alkaline, and
lime is the bssic or alkaline material
to use for that purpose. No other
trestment whatever Is practicable. The
laws of chemistry are Just as immuta
ble as th law of gravity. Acid soils
contain an excess of acid compounds,
and can b rendered alkaline only by
adding basic or alkalln material
enough to combine with all the acid
compounds and have soma left over
LAYING OUT A GARDEN
ERRONEOUS IDEA THAT MUCH
TIME IS REQUIRED.
Plot 150 by ICO Feet Will Produco
Enough Fruit and Vegetables for ,
Family cf Six Run the Roms
North and South.
tlty E. I AKKEH
There is an important economical
side to this question of a garden
Heef. for Instance, in ita various fornix
is notoriously expensive, especially
where it is eaten twice or three times
a day, whereas beans, peas, spinach,
etc. when served with meat would
make up half the amount eaten, thus
reducing the cash cost of the whole
And the iuipresaion that a vegetable
garden requires much time and care
is such an erroneous one' Two or
throe hours a week will suffice for a
garden 150 by 100 feet, which is cap
able of producing fruit and vegetables
enough for a familr of six. provided
the rows are three feet apart so that
a horse may be used.
In laying out such a garden the
rows should be run north and south
for planted thus vegetables receive
the greatest amount of sun The first
four rows should be six feet apart, and
the first of these might contain twelve
currant and twelve gooseberry bushes
set six feet apart. In the second row
plant a hundred raspberry canes throe
feet apart, w Ith two canes at each
place. The third row will be for
strawberries aud will hold Iii plant
grown in hills set one foot apart, no
runners being allowed to grow The
n'xt thirteen rows will be three feet
apart and may be planted to the fol- '
lowing vegetables in the order given:
Asparagus plants. M one-year seed
lings, set three feet apart ia the row ;
parsnips. 50 feet; then a hundred feet
of onions, of which 25 feet may be
I oung sets for early summer; beets
and lettuce. 50 feet: early cabbage, a!
hundred feet, late cabbage, a hundred
feet, cauliflower. 50 feet; peas, three
full rows. corn, four full rows; toma
toes, a hurdred feet beans. 50 feet; .
okra. ten feet ; then 50 feet more of
string beans and 150 feet of dwarf '
lima beans. The remaining four rows :
should be eight feet apart to allow the
vines to spread. In the first row
plant 25 muskmelons six feet apart
then a row of cucumbers set six feet ,
apart, five eggplants and ten early
quash, all six feet apart. The next
row may be planted to eight Hubbard
squaxh and twelve rhubarb plants, set
six feet apart, and the last two row?
may very properly be given over to
herbs and flowers for cutting.
It is frequently forgotten that a
great many people abroad, notably the ,
drawers of water and hew ers of wood. J
live almost entirely on vegetables, con- j
sidering meat a luxury only to be in
dulged in once a week, while we in
America, having the most delicious ,
and greatest variety of vegetables
grown anywhere, discard them for
meat.
RAISING BEST DAIRY BREEDS
No More Profitable Line of Stock
Growing Than Raising Good Cows
for the Dairymen.
Any farmer Is safe in breeding and
raising for sal large milking or but
ter producing cows. As an industry
there Is no more profitable line of
stock growing than raising good cows
and selling them to the dairyman who
are making a specialty of producing
market milk or selling their milk to
m
A Gocd Milk Producer.
condensing plants where they do not
have the by-product returned to their
farms to feed out to the calves that
are being raiaed to replace the cows
that are annually discarded from
(heir herds.
The keeping of more cos for
creaineriea ami cheeae factories Is
slso encouraging snd many men are
willing to pay a good price for well
bred dairy cow.
SUNLIGHT AS DISINFECTANT
Moat Disease C .rms Are Killed by Dl
rect Light, as Repeated Tests
Have Derr."-ated.
lUy H PRESTON Uf)KIN8l
Runllght la one of the best snd
cheapest disinfectants at our disposal,
and we should take advantage of this
fact ac everr opportunity. In the con
stnictlon of barns or shelter of any
kind for animals, ample provision
should he made for the admission of
the maximum amount of sunlight
Routhern exposure Is desirable that Is,
having the majority of the windows
facing the south. The warmth thus
provided In cold weather Is desirable,
and much of the excessive heat In
summer can be avoided by providing
suitable curtains or screens Most dis
ease germs are easily killed by direct
untight, as haa been repeatedly shown
fcy experiments
k assssV W W
notes of the poultry yard
W utewash Improves Looks of House
and Is Good Disinfectant Civs
Turkeys Free Rang.
lUy Mil. A. J. WlLDaCR.)
Ume is a ayery good thing to use
about the poultry houses An occa
sional coat of white-wash on walls
and on the nest boxes greatly Im
proves the looks of the house, besides
being a good disinfectant aud vermin
killer.
Pullets hatched in April or the first
of May. make late fall and winter
layers, and they are the ones that pay
Hatch all you can of them.
If a sitting hen leaves the nest, do
not threw away the eggs unless they
are cold. If you havo another broody
ben. put her on the mat. She will
finish the hatching, and It will save
her just so much time, as well as sav
ing the eggs
Give the little chicks skim milk to
drink. It is very good for them, as
well as for the older fowls. The more
milk your poultry drink, the less meat
it will be necessary to feed them
Do not keep too many hens In one
flock. Much better results are ob
tained from the smaller flocks, and it
is the results that count.
If you want the pullets to mature
arlv and besrin lavinr at five nr six
months old, feed them properly and I
well from the start Oive them a
properly balanced ration, and crowd
A Nice Sunny Yaro tor the Chickens
Is Necessary.
them as fast as you can. There Is
no need having to feed pullets from
eight to ten months, before getting
any returns.
Hasten the growth of young cock
erels, by feeding them all they will
eat. Keep them fat enough for the
table all the time, and they will reach
the required weight for the market
much sooner. It is the earlier mar
kets that pay the best prices.
Don't make the mUtake of thinking
you can half feed your hens and makn
a success of the poultry business. The
wants of the hen's body comes first.
If there is any surplus it goes into
the eggs Where there is no surplua
there are no eggs. It Is your business
to provide enough food for the body
and the eggs.
If you are keeping hens for egg pro
duction only there Is no need for keej
ing any males. It costs about $1 to
feed each one, and their room might
better be given to that many more
hens.
Turkeys must have free range in
order to do well. Do not keep them
closely confined. If you have fed
them regularly, they will continue to
come up at that time for their feed,
even If allowed to run free.
PRODUCTION OF GOOD EGGS
s"
Wisconsin Expert Emphasizes Im
portance of Clean. Whole Food
Keep Neats Clean.
Just because an egg is freshly laid
by an apparently healthy hen it can
not be assumed that it Is a good egg,
according to James G llalpin of the
College of Agriculture of the Univer
sity of Wisconsin, who emphasizes the
need of clean, wholesome food for tho
production of first-class eggs. Hens
thst are forced to obtain the greater
portion of their living as scavenger
and given a poor range to work on
cannot produce eggs of as good quality
as can a flock which regularly Is fed
a good ration.
Eggs lacking in protein have a wa
tery white and the shell Is apt to be
thin owing to the partial absence of
lime Such eggs, resides being of less
value as food, are more than likely to
bring forth puny chickens of low vi
tality, subject to white diarrhea and
an early death. With proper quanti
ties of wheat, bran, clover. oyBter
shell and sound grains in the ration
fed to laying hens, eggs with firm
shells, rich In protein and delicately
flavored are sure to result, providing
of course, that the flock Is given clean
nests and runs and Is kept free from
mites.
No Use for Cholera.
Tf It were not for hog cholera pork
raisers would be living In the lap of
luxury. The time will come when
there will be no more excuse for hog
cholera than for human cholera that
until a century or so ago periodically
devastated Europe and America UoLh
are essentially flltb diseases.
I jjgrVUV Nsfcs V i ajtaaw - '
i
LCOHOI .-.1 PER CENT
AYetfr table Preparation for At
stmilstirnj ihr Food and Regula
ting rhv Stomachs and bowels of
Promotes Digettion.Cheerful
ness and Rest Contains neither
Opium. Morphin norMintrai
Not Narc otic
A perfect Remedy forfomnps
lion . Sour Stomach. Diarrhoea
Worms .Convulsions FevTnsh
ness and LOSS OF SLEEP
fat Si mile Signature of
Tut Ciitalu Company.
NEW YORK
u.ii ante td under the Foodasj)
Exact Copy of Wrapper.
WANTED THE STAGE FILLED
Theatrical Magnate Evidently Cared
More for Effect Than for Accuracy
of Production.
The production of great dramas was
his business. His great talent was
success, and his weakness was that
he always liked to ' show off" when he
was rehearsing a play. Ha was
in the habit of sitting far back in
the darkened theater, and whenever
a stranger cama In to see the re
heernal work he put himself in the
foreground by Jumping to his feet
and bawling out the actors and act
resses. When be was putting on a
big production of "The Holy City"
three friends of his entered the the
ater one afternoon to see the dress
rehearsal. As soon as they had sat
down the producer began to fidget
In his seat. He was consumed by the
old fever for prominence. He want
ed the visitors to see that ha was the
boss of everything. There were 12 j
men on the stage, which was unusual-
! ly large. Who are those men on .
f .- tase-- he ca!id out to M sfJkfJI
manager in a thunderous voice, j
"That's one of the big scenes of the ;
play," the manager said humbly ;
I Those men are the 12 diselples."
"Oh, well." shouted the Impresario
imperiously, "go out and get 1- more, j
! ' That's a big stage, and we want to '
fill it up."
As One Who's Been Humbled.
The head of the family drank his
, coffee uncomplainingly, although its
strength brought tears to his eyes.
"Why, father." remonstrated his son,
"how could you swallow that lye?"
"My son." replied the old gentle
man, "it's not the first lie that ' have
had to swallow, by any means."
LIVING ADVERTISEMENT
Clow of Health Speak-: for Postum.
Arnum JttJ
ij.f.i Umg
wkmmm mm
It requires no scientific training to
discover whether coffee dlssgrees or
not- i
Simply stop It for a time and use
Postum la place of it, then note the
beneficial effect. The truth will ap
pear. "Six years ago wa in a very bad
condition," writes a Tenn. lady "I
suffered from indigestion, nervous
ness and insomnia.
"I was then aa Inveterate coffee
drinker, but It was long before I could
bo persusded that It was coffee that
hurt mo. Finally I decided to leave It
off a few days and Mud out the truth
"The first morning I left off coffee
I hsd a raging headache, so I decided
I must have something to take the
place of coffee." (The headache was
caused by the reaction of the coffee
drug caffeine )
"Having beard of Postum through a
friend who used it. I bought a package
and tried lt. I did not like It at first
but after I learned how to make It
tight, according to directions on pkg..
I would not change back to coffee for
anything.
"When I began to use Postum 1
weighed only 117 lbs. Now I weigh
170 and as I have not taken any tonic
In that time I rsn only attribute my
present good health to the use of Pos
tum In plsce of coff I
"My husband says I sm a living ad
vertlsemrnt for Postum."
Name given by tho Postum Co . Bat
tin ( reck, Mich
Postum now comes In two forms:
Regular Postum must bo well
boiled. 15c and Hi packages
Instant Postum Is a soluble pow
der. A teaspoonful dissolves quickly
In a cup of hot water and. with cream
and sugar, makes a delicious bever
age Instsntty 30c and 50c tins
Tho cost per cup of both kinds la
abou l tie same
"TbeiVo a Reason" for Postum.
old by Orocer
CASTORIA
For Infanta and Children.
The Kind You Have
Always Bought
Bears the
Signature
of
In
Use
For Over
Thirty Years
CASTORIA
After Thought.
Sonny -Pa. what is a rear guarP
Pa A patch on the seat of a ' . s
trousers.
Anybody can dye successfully h
Putnam Fadeless Dyes. Adv.
The fish that got away is seldom
aa big as the story the angler tells
about it
Make the Liver
Do its Duty
Nine tunes m ten when the liver la
right the stomsch and bowels are right.
CARTER'S LITTLE
UVER PILLS
gently but tirmly com
pel a lazy liver to
Ar A
AW
Ar
Carters
' MITTLE
IVER
pills.
do its duty.
Cures Coo
tipatioav I
digettion.
Sick
Heaahv
mmd Duirr After Fating.
SMALL Mi l . SMALL DOSE. SMALL PRICK,
Genuine must bear Signature
PARKER'S
HAIR BALSAM
a toilrl pr-pMtlntt of mrlL
ll-Jpa to ervritcftt 1n1ruff.
For R Swing Color and
utr to rr or r adrd Han
Ml and SI Wat Innwta
4oaooa
Settlers
aYear
Immigration figure how that ths '
noDuiation of Canada increased dur
ing 1913, by th addition of 400.000 J
nw settlers from the Un led States
and Europe. Most of these have gona
on farms in province of Manitoba,
Saskatchewan ar.d Alberta.
Lord WLIiam Percr. n nlivh Noblsrrn.
'Ths possibilities and opportunities offtred
b tna Canadian West ara to r rr.ii.
TSatw than those which, exist in EnslanJ.
thai it uwii absurd to think that ptor'.a
should bw Impeded from coming to the'
eeurtrr whera they can most easily
certainly improve thr position.
New districts are batn opsnl up.
yatss will make euosiaahts a trs
number of homestead in districts.
especially adapted to muted (arm-i
tea and grain teasing.
For Illustrated literature and.
red'iced railway rata, apply tel
Bitot, of Immigration, mis are, I
Canada, or u
OSO. W . A I OD
M trat Ta
Do Ton I ti.M..i.ni.wi.-
m w m a trHi aiM mi mii uw mi Mb f
SJtf m . I ai.el we Jtfd. Il tmimm v ,
WglTt IA I an-.. V aaa hen
" " vxj f eassSf Uee aM r put aw.
Make Money?
I Tea aa lailaili i Serriajrf ay aKllac email SJ CAX
aiyeeaV BSa 4 MBaalaMWai St rw Ittn
W. Pea natal i iia uro. oo. P! AN
DAISY FLY KILLER 2? STSS
Ilea Seat, rleaa, ae-
narnastavi. oeveealeat,
riiMi. Laste all
eaaea aie at
mteU, asalasallartiy
oear. will aot aeil of
lajare aay tklae
fl renins' ertt-e.
ail Oester
e ireae paid tot II M
are . Sreeslya. T.
hasold somas, it
Saprrtfaoas Hair Removal Gaaraoleea
no ! mi re Is. ew .'Hfinaldleruserr
trra Mrs A Owfpll.Sae. l.tBi'lowwr. is
Atwi'lil'
bsrmlrx
pWrllea'ara
n.v. r. N
Olaaf from arse ems or any tlier skis
Uli vial etaaa seas Bsneeevff eddr la ü M
U, Urem. r. I. Minn for laluaJtia Inforasalu i.
WANTKI Photoplay arltrrs. Krf " "
ri'l-rted arnarlos. elortm. ua. imiii-1 '"'
MATLOH I V NT KM, IIS Howell. At.eni. OeuU
M I I KU t 01 -ii a u Kl MOTBD
mei.t .n hörn,- harmi. a iratedy i plain 111 i" 1
ciliar Sostat ii i o a Saara lukeei ij . i-rf..,..
JO sreae.Mett.-an renwors. Carl. U
Uraco.au. etrwcl fruut Old Mm.. Kr W.
Uua. prices, a Mel.,. ljar,ei.. re,
RELIEVES
S0HI Iii