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IH.WWWW,iHB.".U JUBIJUlKIBWttJP.,!iW-'".Ji.TrE?a?1 li. KM KM&aMP MR.WIMUMUUIWUUI JULM 0WOBWHW1 sssaa JXii;ZsvZ - jgsjBaasc&asfs? : - 4-ss- vs - rw m-i I T. -. "OT " A THE JBVENING'PIMESjfrPHUBSDAX,' OCTOBER 8, ,1895; . " I TIM Q COIUO A MOIMTH t THE TheWashington Times CUOKKDiO, EVEOXIl, AMD SUNDlf.) OWNED AND ISSUED BI The Washington Times Compaa;- TIMES UtJILDINO. SOWnwIST COKKXX TeSKSTLTjUCIA ATISU1 XXB Tixtu Strkil Telephone Editorial Hooma, til Business Omce, IE". ft'ce Vrrnlnc or Evening Edition. ..One Cent Sjnday Edition TbreeCents. J'omhlyby Carrier 31ornlng and Sunday ..Thlrty-ave Cents. ExenioK Thirty OeaU. limine, 1 Evening and- Fifty Ccm. fctuday, J WASHINGTON. D. C, OCTOBEIt 3. 189i Subscriber to "The Tlme" will .outer a favor by promptly reporting ,uy diHconrtear of collectors, or ner lect duty ou the part of carrier. Complaints either by mall or In pur ou "111 receive prompt nlteutlon. Tbo Morutns Kdltlon -should be de lUerixl to.ull purls of tbo city by W.'M o'clock ii. m.. Including Sunday. The Eveuliur Edition should be lu the IiiiiiiIm of aubttcrlborH not later thun VUO p. m. STAR STIEI.. LOSING. Times Steudlly Galiilnu Clrculutlon. Can't Fool tin- l'ubllo. Notwithstanding the liberal distribution of sample copies by tlio Star last week it circulation foil ofr 1,414. Weak before last Its agirrejrate circulation -was 170,177, and according to its statement published Saturday Its circulation rots only lG!t,063. The bona fide circulation of The Times .last week was 21G.025. wliich was 16,002 copies in excess of the Star and a gain of 2,eG0 over The Times' circulation of the previous week. liwlnuations and Inucntlos will not change figures or facts. An examination of TJic Times' circulation books will show that it l.js lij scleral thousands the largest dally and Sunday circulation in the city, and that every copy goes to bona fide readers and purchasers. TlieTimes compelled the Starto withdraw one of lis misleading statements in regard to circulation and will in time cauet-lt to cease publhjiii-; certain others. Monday, Sopt.Sil :U,nO Tin-diiy.bL-it.a4 :il.llll A i'diic-,diiy,M'iit.J5 :il, Tliurduy.Scin.-U :it,N4:i Frldny.hit.:!7 :K!,0-14 iituriiiir.ti-"H :i:j,::t:t Mindny.Si-iit.uu --.f4:i Total SUI.C-J3 I KOl'-inuly "wear that the above it a cor rect kt.Ucmt-nt of the ilailv circulation of TIIR WASHINGTON TIMES for the week ending s-eptiraber iiil. 16D5, and that all the copies, were acluallv Mild or niaih'd for a tnlu.ihleconx'derntlon and delivered to bona fide punna-er or subscribers; aUo. that none or them wire returned r reninlu in the uirii-r undelivered. J. MILTON YOUNG, Cashier. Subscribed and i.worn lo before me this 30th day of September. A. II. 1S03. EKNCSTC THOMPSON. Notary Public TVHAT FIFTV CENTS Vril.L, DO. Tlie latest in newspapers is the popular twi editions a day, morning and evening, wliii ligives readers news before it hasgrown stale. The Times issues sixteen pages on week days and twenty pages on Sunday forTIFTY CUNTS a mouth, or 1 2 3 cents a day. Eight pages are given to readers with their breakfast coffee aud eight pages with their evening meal on eaib. week day, and twenty pages are left at their homes on Sunday morning, all for fifty cents a month. The Times is the only dally in Washington that furnishes telegraphic news fresh from the wires and local events as jboou as they happen, and for that reason It is the great family newspaper of this locality. j Each edition is a continuation of the 'preceding one, and to keep posted on current news it is necessary to read both the Morning and Evening Times. Try them, aud you will want no other newspaper, and they only cost 1 2-3 cents a day, orfifty cents a month. . STREET RAILWAY THOOHLE. That little muniiipal pest, the Anacostia, Street Hallway, seems destined to cause the palilic more trouble. Its management de clares that another cut in wages must be made to meet expenses, and the Hallway Union threatens to tic up the road should one be made. The union is right. To cut wages at this time of the year, when living expenses are daily increasing, is simply cruel, and when it comes to reducing such a princely stipend as SI. 50 for twelve hours' work the cut amounts to liltltless than crime. In a published letter President Gris wold promises in "the near future" to adopt a system of rapid transit for the Anacostia line, and when that is done he will prob ably give Ills employes toast and terrapin as a daily diet and allow them unlimited freedom to check on his bank account. Meantime, however, they must fit tliem fcelves to appreciate this royal treatment by going into starvation training. If they hold out, a sumptuous future awaits them, provided, of course, that President Gris wold's visions materialize. . Seriously, the Anacostia Hallway under its present management can never prosper, and it is doubtful if it will ever be made profitable, cither witli or without rapid transit, because of its unfavorable loca tion. Until itsmotlvepowercanbcchangcd to compete with the Navy Yard cable, which occupies practically the same terri tory, it would be better for the company to abandon the city end of its line and run cars to make connection with the cable road at or near the Navy Yard. Through a system of transfers to the cable line the people of Anacostia might have good street car sen ice and the Anacostia line be made to iay expenses. TOO AWFULLY AWFUL. According to cable dispatches received by theTimcsto-daylcadiugLondenncwspaperg are exceedingly sarcastic at the expense of the United States, on account of news sent from Washington asserting that Great 'Britain mast cease bulldozing Venezuela within niuet7 days or the Government of the United States will enforce the Monroe doctrine with naval vessels. The curious thing is that any oue would : (oppose for a moment that the AdminUtra .tionat Washington could entertalnatliought 'of Inflicting upon Ambassador Bayard the j-alnfnl duty of communicating such an ulti ma turn to the British Government. Snchan act Is simply out of the question. . One of tuc London Jo una Is asks " wliat the blessed Monroe doctrine Is." Frankly, it must be confessed, it is a conundrum, In J so far as this Administration Is concerned. President Cleveland has had many oppor tunities for presenting a diagram of It, but In Ills phlegmatic and pit-catorial way he refuses to even attempt a colutlon of the prize rebus. But let not our British cousins indulge in sucli confident cackling. We are unavoid ably getting our fingers Into the pie of international disputes, with Cuba as the upper crust, and one of these days we will pull out a rat plum even if we have to fight a good while for it. REALLY IMPOSSIBLE. At a nuetlng Inst evening of the Disirift of Columbia Federation or Women's Clubs (a title, by the way, which must carry terror to the heart of the timid fin de siecle man), speakers charged that there is gross discrimination against the ap pointment or women to the government service upon recommendation of the Civil Smlcc Commission. This is vastly Important, If it be true, bjt possibly there is a mistake some where. Such an assertion is an allegation or dishonesty against the commissioners, and, more than that, a blow at their tradi tional gallautry." The commissioners are bound by oath to obey the law. They must recommend applicants according to standing In the examinations, and In the order In which tlcy have passed through a successful examination. Unsuccess ful applicants will naturally be inclined to sick an explanation not uncomplimentary to themselves. But If sincere deference to law be doubted In tin: commissioners, their innate appre ciation of gallantry, the fine sense of what is due the sex that is only a littl lower than the angels, the feeling of heav enlyrcst which comes of doing the handsome thing toward the dominant half or man kind, must be so strong In these very hu man officials as to afrord absolute argu ment that the critical ladies of the District of Columbia Federation or Women's Clubs are in error, doubtless for the first and only time In their joung Ines. FUTURE OF 1'HIZE FIGHTING. Undoubtedly there are some who will re gret most iKiignantlytheactloii or thcTcxas legislature, which yesterday imssed a bill prohibiting prize righting within the bound aries or the State. Doubtless there are some viho will ihed tearshot rrom the heart onaccount of tliisdeadlyattackupona thing tlicy love. In fact, however, the bill docs not prohibit prize righting in Texas. It merely imposes a penalty of from two to five years' im prisoiiiniM.i for each offense. If any pro ressor ot the manly art or scir-defensc de sires to pull off a mill upon these terms he is at perfect liberty to do so. lint it may be assumed tliatror the present thedevoti-es or this calling will prefer to go elsewhere in search of an atmosphere congenial. One is lesi lo wonder where this Delsa rtean culture will end. While Boston offers an asjlum for pugs or diminutive size and repute under a (piasl Puritanical police su ncrvbiion; while Long Island permits a bout or two occasionally for the delectation or amateurs, and while the only and sweet scented Alexander Island, under the pro tection of a so-called Governor of Virginia, proiiagaves and harvests fisticuffs of an Inferior sort, and other things yet more in ferior, theru is really not a safe place for star actors like Corbett and Fitzsimmons on the stage or the United States. Looked at rrom every standpoint it must appear that IT Alexander Island be not made the Mecca of the rightera, the prize ring must cither be Mexlcanlzed or Angli cised. Somesmallatomorcomfortyetcomes rrom England, but Mexico, with her arenas Tor the toreador, the banderillo, seems to be the paradise for the Corbettses and Fitzsimmonses or the present and ruture. The hypribtic Influence of that .clt)0 rmo fee still seems to hang over the Hon. John W. Foster, and he has goi.e to Minneapolis to advise the Episcopal bishops how to evangelize China. The editor ot the London Truth Is re spectfully informed that America Is al ready manufacturing a title. It is spelled m-a-n, and is good enough for sensible American girls. An English Valentine tried a go at Long Island last night and was knocked out by an Americau male. There is no use talking, even in prize fighting England Is not in it. Generally speaking, all Cramps make tilings hustle, but the ship builders of Phila delphia beat the world Tor turning out fast ironclads. The daily newspaper drove the weekly out of existance in all thriving communi ties, and it now looks as ir the newspaper that publishes two editions, morning and evening, would supplant Its less progres sive contemporaries. WaroerMlllcrproposcstohavchisgrindat the litnior question as long as there Is any grist. It seems that the old bicycle is to be re tired In ravor of onepropclled by an electric motor. Texas Is about as quick to fire a prize right as she is to shoot a horse thief. The Florida Athletic Club should not for get Alexandria County when looking for a favorable place to pull off Its champion prize tight. Culberson is not Governor of Virginia. Now that the Dallas fight is ofr, Corbett's eagerness to reach Texas wlllmake railroad travel slow aud wearUome wort. When President Cleveland returns to the White Blouse he will have his hands full of something other than fish lines. Positively Superlative- The most perfect echo in the world issald to be that at Shipley, in Sussex, England. It will repeal twenty-one syllables. The largestspougeeversenl to market was from the Mcdllcrraneau; it was ten feet in circumference the three in diameter. It is said that the largest bar or gold ever cast wasscul to the Bank of California in 1882. It weighed 511 1-2 pounds. It is said that the largest crane in the world is in the Krupp Iron Works. It lifts and turns a weight of ISO tons. The largest bronze statue In the world Is that of Peter the Great at St. Petersburg. It weighs 1,100 tons. The largest slick of timber was cut in Washington. It was ICO feet long and on average ot 20 by 21 inches. The greatest bell js that long famous as the giant of the Kremlin, in Moscow. Ita weight Is 443,722 pounds. MG GE0KGE OF GREECE Ad Enormously Wealthy Moaarcb flu Is Growing Feeble and Retiring. Possible Succession of Prince Con stantino and Princess Sophia Recalls a Prophecy. King George, of Greece, who has hitherto been regarded as an exceptionally sound man physically. Is now discovered to be an Invalid in a very advanced stage. Peo ple who saw him at AlxleoBalns and at Paris recently were shocked by Hie altera tion ot his features, aud by the signs of suffering ou his race. They declare that he seems to have aged almost ten years during the last ten months. While at Paris he remained unusually quiet, ab staining rrom the "petlts theaters," and from the "soupers-fius" In boulevard res taurants, to which he wasfnrmerly so much addlited. Indeed, he spent most or his time with the tame famous specialist who kept the late Trlnce of Orange nUAe long after lie had been doomed to death by ull other physicians. King George's disappenranco from the scene will Ik far less lamented by bis subjects than most people will be willing to suppose, though It may be regretted by the foreign iKiwers. For King George lias had butoueamliltinu since lie ascended the throne ot Greece ns a mere young English midshipman he was serving at the time In navy namely, to make as much money as possible. lie never for one moment ex pected that his turbulent and unruly sub jects would permit him to rule in pence for the- thirty years that his reign has lasted, mid lie has always held hlniM-lf ready to depart at any moment when the Greeks would show signs of desiring to get rid of him. With the exception of King Leopold, of Belgium, and in a minor degree. King Oscar, of Sweden, there has been no more persistent speculator ou the exchanges of Europe than this King of the Hellenes, the difference between them being that whereas King Leopold has been frightfully unlucky and King 0car far from Tortunate, King George; "coups de bourse" hae been in variably crowned wllh success, til fact, his operations have extended to this coun try, notably at the time of the Turko Ituvsiau wur In 1877, when he netted an enormous fortune by speculation In Amer ican wheat, which. It may be remcmln'red, ro-e greatly in value owing to the Inter ruption of the South Kusslan grain trade by the v ar. King George thoroughly understood that In order to be able to pursue bis stock jobbing enterprise!! with success it as indispensable that he should abstain at nil cost from permitting Greece to become Involved in any foreign complications. So accordingly he has'kept a tight rein upon the pan-Hellenic aspirations of his peoi.Ie, and lias time and again stopped them from becoming mixed up in foreign troubles. The result has been that King George's presence at Athens has constituted a guar anty to the powers that Greece would keep out of mischief. Consequently certain foreign governments, notably that or Trance, have not hesitated to promote King George's speculations to the extent or reconqiensing with the order or the Legion or Honor those Parisian rinantiers who have been In the habit of giving him valuable tips. A case in. point was the late Baron de Soubeymn, wte, although a monarchist, and an opponeiitof the government in ravor. was dec-orated by the republicans ror help ing King George In his operations on the bourse. To-day King George i oneor the wealth iest princes in Christendom. He has erect ed quietly and without attracting muili at tintlou a superb palate fur himself aboui firteeu miles out rrom Copenhagen, and it is thitln r that ror some time past he has been quietly transferrring all his treasures anil favorite belongings rrom Alliens. It is ready for occupancy, and now that King George knows that he is a doomed mannfflictcd with an incurable disease and unable even under the most favorable of circumstances to live very much longer his a bdl cation may be at anytime expected. His son, the duke of Sparta, Is far more Iopiilar with the Greeks. He belongs to national orthodox church. Instead of being a Lutheran, like King George. He does not care for money, is full of military aspira tions, ns fond or action ns his rather Is the reverse, and his head Is full of the national dreams of the revival of all the former grandeur and glory ot Greece. There is un ancient proverb In Greece to the crrect that during the reign of a Con rtantiin; and or a Sophia, the ancient Greek empire shall be called into life again and the croes restored to the dome of St. Sophia at Constantinople, in lieu of the Mohammedan crescent by which that venerable fane is now surmounted. Now, etraugely enough, the crown prince's name is Constantino and his consort's name is Sophia. By marriage he has become a grandson of Queen Viciorra, a brother-in-law of the Emperor of Germany, while not only is his mother one ot the most patri otic daughters ot the Imperial house ot Ro manoff, but he himself is, through his father, a brother of the widowed Czarina, a first cousin of young Emperor Nicholas II of Kucsia, It is not therefore so very improbable that when the time comes for the Turk to be bundled bag and baggage out ot Europe the powers should pitch upon Constantino of Greece aa the most suitable person in every respect to Biicceed the Sultan at Con stantinople, which International jealousies would prevent any of thegreat powers from retaining In their own bands Thereare many peopleatWashington who may .remember young Nicholas O'Conor, for several years secretary of legislation to Sir Edward Thornton, and who has just liecn promoted from Hie rank of minister at Pckin to that of a full fledged amliassa dor to llussia an astonishingly rapid pro motion for so young a man. II Is only a few monthsago tliathe was accorded the privilege of prefixing the predicate of "sir" to his Christian name, along with the star of a knlghl-commnnder of the order of St. Michael and St. George. His salary at St. Petersburg amounts to $50,000 a year, besides large allowances and a handsomely-furnished mansion, or, rather, palace. Moreover, It is a tradition that the ambassadors of her Britannic maj esty should hold the rank of privy coun selors, so that bis promotion to that honor cannot be long delayed. On account of the candlncss of his whis kers and mustache he has been dubbed "Fergus" by his colleagues of the diplo matic profession, and it is by that name that he Is popularly known. Much ot his good fortune hascoiue to him since bis mar riage with a very near and dear relative of the Duke of Norfolk, but It would be wrong to attribute his wonderful success solely to family Influence. He is excep tlonally discreet, knowing how to bold. his tongue without doing so in that aggressive manner which seems to imply that one is possessed of state secrets, and that you are unworthy ot any degree of confidence. CHDRCfllOT ill POLITICS U (ContlEuVd from First Page.) ladles to stLdy' diligently in order to be ready for tOe'nolden opportunity." THE CAKDts'AL'S PERSONALITY. Cardinal Hlbions Is remarkabl gentle aiidklndlnuufeuanner. Toallwhoupproach him he cxundstiie same dignified, cordial welcome, aiioV at all times, and under the most trying circumstances, he is accessible, patient and aa'tlstactury. Another member or the Indian bureau. Archbishop Ryan, or Philadelphia, said that Mgr. Stephni would undoubtedly re main in cliargo or lu affairs as long as he desired to hold the position. He sjuke very warmly of the monsignor's work in this field, and said that his mistakes. If such his lato utterances could be termed, were only the mistakes of overzeal. He had devoted his lire to these missions, his only thought, blsonly hope, were bound up In theirsuccess, consequently he attached undue Importance to all that concerned them. Thu iKjIltlc.il part of Mgr. Stephan's report had not been discussed at tlielt, jneettng, and there was no reason that itsnouldhuvebecnnieutioried. The attitude of the Catholic Church hag always been strongly defined. Politics never enters Into their religious meetings or discussions. The Indian bureau will conduct no political wur. THEIR WORK AT AN KNI. Archbishop Kaln, or St. Louis, ex pressed some lively opinions on the sub ject. He said that Catholics would scarcely care to imitate certain oilier quasi-religious organizations that band together lor so-called self -protection. Catholics need no such "associations. In the national hlRtory their work is written. As legisla tors, organizers, and statesmen their quota has been equal to II not in excess or other denominations; thererore they were able to take care of'themselves without, so to speak, calling down the thunderbolts of heaven against their enemies. With the adjourning ot the meeting last night the official work of the archbishops of the United Suites Is at an end.. Sev eral of them leave for their homes Imme diately, others remain to witness the clos ing exercises of the Euchnristic Congress. The cardinal will leave for Baltimore to morrow morning. Archbishop Corrigan will remain in Washington a few days longer as the guest of Mr. E. Francis Rlggs, the liankcr. The next annual meeting of the board A archbishops will occur in the Divinity building. Catholic University, October 2, 180G. The publication that the Roman Catho lics of America arc about to form Into a political protective organization, pub lished jestenlay exclusively In The Times, has already created national comment. The grand high mass at St. Patrick's and the meeting or the Eucharlstie Congress were insignificant incidents compansl to the meeting of the arclibishops of theUnlted State, who were to decide this momentous question. Although 'the meeting was scheduled for 2 o'clock, fnim an early morning hour rep resentatives' of the local ami out-of-town papers wen1 waiting in ttie great corridors of the DJviuityhuikllng, where the meeting was to be heldi Several bishops arm arcn bishops on their way to the council room were asked for their opinions, but they courteously but llnnlv refused to answer until after the cardinal had spoken. The meeting adjourned about f o'clock, and the cardinal, with his customary cour tesy and kjndjlnt-ss, consented to see a Times reporter ntonce. Hesald that nhile he was pcfrertly willing to express his opinion In regard to the statements pub lished about this meeting and the affairs of the Indian Bureau, that the events of the last few days had been trying on his strength, and that he did not feel phjsi- cally able to discuss the question at any length. "The report that we are here to form a political organization for any purioso whatever is not true," said Cardinal Gib bons. "We are here to hold our annual meeting as archbishops or general directors or the Church In theUiiited States. "In regard to the affairs of the Indian Bureau," Cardinal Gibbons said, "I can not give any definite reply until I have consulted my colleagues, the associate com missioners or the bureau, who are Arch bishops Corrigan, or New York, arid Ryan, or Philauelphia, and who were appoiutcd at the meeting yesterday." Arclibrsnop Ryan appeared In the cor ridor a lew moments after the cardinal had retired, and in reply to the question, "Should tho Indian Bureau be entirely reorganized?" answered that almost all newappointmentsmeant that reorganization of soma kind was in order. Archbishop Ryan said rurllier that he and Archbishop Corrigan had been named yesterday to act on the board or Indian commissioners. In concert with Cardinal Gibbons, aud that the Eastern prelates bad been selected ror the reason that it was more practical to call n meeting. New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore being so adjacent. Hither to the commissioners had been rrom the tar West, Salprlnt, of Arizona, and Marty, or Dakota, and It was often Impossible for the bishops to travel such grent dis tances at a. short notice. Archbishop Ryan said that no political organization was discussed at their meeting. From another high prelate, ho refuses to allow his name to be published, because, as he expresses it, "to talk or the affairs of the Indian Bureau is to attend to someone's else business," as be is not a member of the board, further news on the subject was learned. Tlie Catholic Bureau has been notified that In five years all its appropriations will be withdrawn, and that the bureau must bold itself In readiness to become self supporting, ns are all the other religious Indian Jiureaus. The bishop said that Mgr. Stephan was perfectly aware of this state of affairs and that his attack on the admlntetrntlon was ill-timed and not in unison with tlie other heads of the Catholic Church. Cardinal Gibbons has so often expressed bis opinion on the relation of the priesthood to politics that It need not be said that lie would consistently be in opposition to such a policy of aggression as that out lined by Father Stephan. The cardinal's tact In such matters as are broached by Father Stephan, affords no hope for an indorsement Inany shape of the monsignor's propaganda or political war ineide or out side ot the domain of the church. The opinion as gathered from the little romment that was ventured by churchmen yesterday is that the new committee of archbishops will not adopt any ot Father Stcphun's suggestions. It is conceded that he has handled the funds of the bureau with marked executive ability and all or Its funds judiciously. His service has been acknowledged and commended by Pope Leo XIII, who conferred on him the rank of monslgnor. Points About Pilgrims. , t . Mrs. L.L-'PrevlIl and Mrs. 'George G. Lebbs, of Winchester, Ky.; Mr. Lemon Hart and wife, of Reins, France, and Mrs. Hardin anil son, of Franklin, Ky., are Shorchamguest3. Mr. D. 8'. McMulIen and ttlfc.of Chicago: Mr. William- P. McQuall, of Boston, and Mr. N. Sweeney, of Portland, Kan., are at. the Rlggs. Among the guests of the National are Mr. Lowell E. Smith, and wife and Misses Wade and Clark, or Brockton, Mass.; Mr. E. S. Dundy, Jr., of Omaha, Ncb.t Mr. Henry D. Wood, or Cincinnati; Mr. Tim othy McGratS, of Perry, Okla., and Mr. H. C. Sanford, ot Milwaukee. Ai the Metropolitan the list or guests includes Mr. John Pearl, of Harrlsburg, Pa.; Mr. William Drew, New Rochclle, N. Y.; .Mr. Frank A. Daniel, and wife, of New Orleans; Mr. T. A. Copeland, of Tren ton, N. J., and Mr. W. H. Peace, o'f Phila delphia. - Mr. J. W. Hall, of Cincinnati; Mr. E. M. Bacbman, of Louisville; Mr. F. C. Manreo, of MIddletown, Pa., and Mr. and Mrs. W. P. Palmer, ot Boston, are at the Ebbitt. WAIT AID WAGE PROBLEM Yexe J Question -PlalBlf Discussed By the EnunenlCsiDiissionerolLabflr. Kinds and Causes of Want and the Iron Law of Wages Analyzed In a First Paper. (Carroll D. Wright. "What makes the rates of wages" Is a question which has called for many discus sions and varied reasons. It tins not been settled definitely, at least not definitely enough for all economists and social scien tists to agree to a common basis. The old theory was that there was a wage fund out of which wages were paid, and that no more could be paid In wages for services rendered than this fund would allow, and that the rate .was determined through the working of come economic law by the num ber of persons sharing in the fund. Those who contended that the rate ot wages was determined by the wage fund were dealing with the narrower definition of wages, that they represent the compen sation for practically manual toll, or the remuneration of those persons who were obliged to accept a wage fixed by custom for the lower forms of employment. Etcn in this narrow sense the wage fund theory has been exploded and generally discarded by most economists. Wages, in the broad cense, involve the remuneration mtd for all eervlec, and comprehend ns much what tlie employer secures for his efforts as what the employe receives for his service. In this broad sense the wage-fund idea has no application. The question, What makes the rates of wages? lsusedin the narrowersense referred to, and relates to what makes the rates of wages paid mechanics, operatives, labor ers, and thosegencrally receiving compensa tion who do not have a full voice In the adj ustment of themtesror which they labor. The question is answered variously, but generally it is considered that the standard ofllvingflxestheratcsof wages. Thosewho hold this opinion, however, are met squa rely by others who insist that the standard of living Is fixed by the compensation received forservices rendered. Itisoueoftliosequcs- tionsaround which reasoning can be carried toa!mo3t any extenUandin which causeand efrect nlay be used not only In a reciprocal sense but In a compound sense. Cause is so ortcnmlstakenrorerrcct.andeffectforcause, that It is dlfricult sometimes, even by close analysis, to distinguish the direct and le gitimate influence of each. It ls'rerfectJy true that In a country where tlie standard or living Is high, wages are high, and this gives great rorce to the contention of those who hold that the standard of living rixes tlie rates of wages. What is kiovvn euphemistically as "the iron law or wages" is bsccd en Iticardo's doctrine that the "natural price of later depends on the price of thefood, necessaries and conveniences required for the scpivort of the laborer. With a rise in the i rice of food and ncciesarics the price ofjalor 'will rise; with a loll in ll.elr price the natural price of labor will fall." In other word?, the rate of wages paid to any class or labor ers depends upon his absolute n cessities, he being able under the law to secure no more than Is essential ror his rood, raiment arid shelter. Under modern conditions this is, iLdced, an iron law. Formerly it probably held good ar.d it holds gcod to day to the extent that all persons, tv nether laborers or others, are questioning not only Its righteousness, but Its economic results. Ethically, every man would lie glad to tee the iron law supplanted by a golden law, under which every man, em ployer or employe Ebould render his Very best service that is, the employe should give his very best service ard the employer should give the very best wage-s possible. Wages arc divided Into two classes, real and nominal. Nominal wages arc repre sentee! by rates, without any other qualifi cation. It a carpenter receives $4 a day that is the nominal rate of wage. The real rate of wage is dctamilncd by the cost of living or the purchasing power of the $4 which the carpenter receives lor his day's labor. It will at once be observed that as prices fluctuate, with the nominal rate remaining steady, real .wages vary. Real wages again are affected by continuity of employment, A carpenter may receive $4 a day while he works, but on account of short seasons, fluctuations in business or other causes, may not be able lo secure labor more than ten months in the year, for instance. His nominal wage then is re duced in value when Ihe real wage Is con sidered. Want Is of two kinds: That which repre sents a desire for more as the results of one's labor and that which represents a state of being without even the necessaries of life. In this latter sense want may de termine the rates of wages paid under the Rlcnnllandoctrine;butwantwhichIndicates a progressive ilcslre must be considered aa that comprehensive definition of the labor question which means the struggle for a higher standard of living. It is this strug gle which enters into all the phases of the labor question of the present day, and which is constantly changing the luxuries of one period to the necessities of a subse quent period. Under this kind of want the wage-canierfinds himself co nstantlyobligesi to secure for himself and his family the c-omforts nnd the conveniences which a gen eration or two ago would have been con sidered luxuries, obtainable only by those in receiptoflargelncomes, either from business or general wealth. This view indicates the general soundness of the idea that the standard of living regulates, to a great ex tent, the rates, of wages paid in tlie various callings. The ouly animal which, by Its consti tution, possi-sses the desire or faculty to Increase Its number of wants is man. An Ignorant, undeveloped man, living In practically a savage state, lias but few wants,andwhenheroranyreasonexchanges his service Tor that or-s fellow-being he dtmands hut little in return. Such beings are more apt to live on a quasi-communistic basis, under which the question of compensation for services rendered does not enter; but when their nature de velops and they learn the use ot tools and taste tlie satisfaction or storing the results of their labor, and their afrectlons are de veloped so that they grow out or mere ani mal wants into the realm or affection and look out for thvir kind, then they abso lutely feel the necessity or rixlng the prlcu for what they have to exchange for things which they do not produce themselves,' and this leads directly and positively to the fixing of a price for their services. On the other hand, however, men maybe far on the road to Intellectual and moral development, and yet be living in a condi tion in which the price of their service, and consequently of the things tbey produce. Is low. This has been well illustrated in the history of our own country In the early colonial days, when the wages or men skill ed In their trades rarely exceeded 2 shil lings a day. Legislative bodies have tries! to fix Ihe rale of wages without reference to economic laws, or, rather, they have tried to bring economic laws to a status under which there should bo no fluctua tion above certain points in the rates or wages. Through a long period or years England was constantly making this at tempt, and the colonists only followed the example of the mother country when by Exquisite Cashmere Wrappers. Something- entirely new i d e a 1 1 y pretty in light blue, old rose, black and r c d t rim med with n arrow white braid double Wat teau back sailor collar 1 a r g e sleeve s lined thro'- out a very 'special gain at bar- $3.98. Bon Marche, 314 and 316 7th St a statutory provision they made the pay ing or wages bejond a ceitam fixtsl rate for certain definite services an offe-nse punishable under thelaw; and. again, when rinding that this did not work satisfac torily, by making the reception by the em ploje or wages beyond a certain fixed rate punishable. All such experiments by which economic laws areattempted to be controlled bystat utory provisions have worked Injury and retarded progress. The instances of these attempts are Interesting simply as a mat ter of study of the efforts of men to regu late natural laws that are not amenable to statute. Scientifically Curious. According to a Frenchman who has been experimenting, a single hair can carry a weight of more than six ounces. According to Sir Benjamin Richardson the normal period or human life Is about 110 years', and seven out of ten average people. If they took proper care ot themselves, ought to attain that age. Dr. Ilcrtillon has discovered a new me-thod of Identifying liandwnting. The letters are enlarged by means of photography and the irregularitiesdue to the be-aUngof the pulse are then measured. By comiarisona valua ble clew is obtained. Army surgeons say that the expression or the races or soldiers killed in battle re veals tlie cause or death. Those who have perished rrom sword -wounds have a look of repose, while there is an expression or pain on Uie countenances of tlioseslain by bullets. A foreign scientist hasanew test fordcath. With a candle produce a blister on the hand or foot or the body.. If theblister.upon open ing with a needle or other Instrument, be found to contain fluid of any kind there is still life In tlie body. Social East India. No races of Europe show such marked dlvergenceof type as thoseof the Hindostan. There is always the caste mark which Is tainted every day on the forehead of each devout believer and which may be a dab of reel paint-, a circle or ellipse, a slender crescent or a dot ot gold. The foreheads of certain holy men are decorated wlth- whlte stripes. A certain onlcr of Mussulmans near Bom bay wear a curiously plaited white turban wound around a skull cap of delicate tint. The turban Is another mark which dis tinguishes caste. Among thcMahrattas the turban is shaped like a double-ended canoe, with some resemblance to a cocked hat adorned by a cockade. This is worn by the nobles. The mark of the Brahmin which elevates him above all other castes is a white thread passing over his right shoulder and whicli is as much a mark of distinction as the rosette of a European onlcr. Tlie village barber and his wife hold a position above that of many castes, owing to their social prominence aud the various offices they fill. .Hindoos have many dit rerent ways of we-aring their hair and keep the barber busy. The educated Hindoos laugh at the idea that Americans and Europeans have no caste. They say we do and that money makes the divisions. Among these Bin doos one may find jounalisls, politicians, ad vocates, attorneys and judges. IF YOU WANT ALL THE XEWS HOT KI1UM THE WI1IES HEAD THE MOBNINCJ AND EVENING TIMES. T1IKY COST ONLY FIFTY CENTS A MONTH. Eisenmann's Bargains. Sensational Bargains FOR Friday Something1 that all ladies and children will be wanting at this time of the 3'ear. Ladles' flasvy Ribbed Vens and I Q I . Pants, -worth :3c I 2b Children's Marino Vests, siia 16, Pn worth UJ4C 0b Children's Scarlet AU- col Vests OQ,, and Fauts, worth SJc. ub Ladies' Scarl it Vests and Pants CQn (all wool), $1 grado. Oub Ladies' and Children's Heavy Pn Ribbed Uose, worth 1-Hc...... 0b Our Wc Bone Corset, extra long OQn valst ZaG Mds 806 7th St. N. W. 1924-1926 Penna. Ave. AMUSEMENTS. TO-DAY- ou can secure- seats at the Academy for tha nnnim.nt r,t tha Peerless Corinne nnd the Kimball Opera Com Ique Company. Regular Academy prices will prefall during this engagement. N EW NATIONAL THEATER, x.Tr treninc. Wed. and Sat Haw LAST TLUES OF A. M. Pa'mer's Famous GARDEN THEATEX BURLESQUE CO. Presenting tbe Enormously Successful Burlesque, LITTLE CHRISTOPHER. Direct from Its run of 282 consecutive nights UA.1L Palmer's Oardon Theater. New York. Prices 23, SO, 73c, f LOO and f LM. NEXT WEEK CAMILLE D'ARVILLE And her Opera Company In MADELEINE; or. THE MAGIC KISS. Seats and boxes now on sals. ACADEMY Prices 25, 50. 75c and $1.00. Wed. and SaL -Pops'' 25 and 50c.ReaerreJ The White Rat. A Thrilling and Amusing Play of New York life Next Week PflDIllT "nd the KlmbaE THE PEERLESS lUftlTulIl Bnrlejqno Co. In the Big Extraraganza, HENDRICK HUDSON, Jr. Seats noir selling. Regular prices. Bijou Theater . . ONK WEEK Commencing Sept. 30. Matinees Tuea., Thura. and Sat. Hie Great Dramatis Snceesj the Midnight Special. Always on Time. Pronounced the Acme ot Stage Realism. GENERAL ADMISSION (Vlrst Floor), a CENTSL A LLENV5 GRAND OPERA HOUSE. WEEK0F&EPT.3). Matlneo Saturday. MARK TWAIN'S PUDD'NHEAD WILSON. Mr. FRANK MAYO'5 Dramatization MR. MAYO -AS- PUDD'NHEAD. bupported by an excellent company. Next Week-Bel.ascos "I!AUT OF MART LAND" first prod action ou any staxe. Seats on sale. LAFAYETTE SQUARE Z&& UdoT JOHN W. AUJAUGU MANAGER. Scats now on sale at Opera House. LILLIAN RUSSELL OPERA COMPANY IN The Tzigane (The Gypsy). 100 People Superb Ensemble Matinee Saturday. Next WeeS-FUEDK. WARDS In "Tbi Mountebank." "Lion's Mouth," and "Damon and rythlas." Hi LICU the Peerless Corinne and thn K I ra ff II Ln Opera I'onilqiie Company pre sent the bl,j extraraganza, llen driefc Hudson," at the Academy, next week, th regular prices will obtain. K EKNAN'S LYCEUM THEATER. .ILL THIS WEEK. Russell Brothers' Comedians, Including Lew Dockstader, ' The Eminent MinstreL Next Week Tbe Vaudeville Club. DD FELLOWS' HALL, " beTentn Street. COMMENCING MONDAY, OCTOBER 7, MARK0S, The Hypnotist, Superb Demonstrations ot Striking Natural Phenomena. Prices 25, 50 and 75 cents. KxcrnsioNS. Norfolk and Washing -ton Steamboat Co. Every tlar ln the year lor Fortress Moa roe. Norfolk, Portsmouth, and all points South anil bouthwest by the powerful nonr iron palace stearaors "Newport News,1 Norfolk a 1 "Washluston," leaving dally on tho lclloviug schedule Southbound. Northbound. Lv.Wasti'ton 7.0() pm I.T.Portsnio'hu.50 pa LvAletd'ia 7:30 pin i.v.Norrolt . 6:10 pra ArFLMonr'eBO amli-v.Ft.MoiiroeVO pra Ar.Norfolk . 7:30 nm t4rAlox'dria 3:0o am ArJonsm'ti Srtln nrula.r VTasirctonG-30 nra VISITORS TO THE ATLuNTA EX POSITION ami Hie rcsorti, n; Portree Monroe, Virginia BtMtli ami Florida trill find this a cry attractive route, pi It breaks the monotony ofnn all-ratl ride. TkkeU on sale at C13, Clli. 14S1 Pennsylvania :i venue. -13. & O. ticket office, comer Fifteenth street and New York avenue, and on board steamers, where time-table, map, etc., can also be hart. JXU CALLAHVN, GEN. JJANAGEit TIIO.VK :ml No Flies on J ovinia. Sweet Girl Teacher, to Sunday-seliral class What little boy can tell me wbo made the sun nnd the moon stand still? First Kid Moses. S. Q. T No, it wasn't Hoses. Second Kid Adam. S. G. T. No, nor was it Adam. What's tbc matter with Joshua? Class, In unison He's all right: St. Paul Dispatch. IF YOU WANT Atl THE SEWS HOT FHOAl THU 1VIHES ltKAUTHB MOKN1NG AND EVENING TIMES. TllEV COST OSL.Y FIFTY CENTS A MONTH. Ijjgws: