Lynchburg Virginian. [volume], May 03, 1838, Image 1

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5fWENTlr-FIF I’ll CUNGRLSSI.
SECOND SESSION.
Mr. WEBSTER’S SPEECH,
In answer to Mr. Calhoun—March 22, 1838.
[On Thuisday, the 22d of March, Mr. Calhoun
delivered the Speech which was published in the
• 4 Virginian” of the 2Gih and iiOtli ol April, m an
*wer to Mr. Webster’s .Speech of \1 arc h 12. W hen
be had concluded, Mr. WEBSTER iniinediaiely
rose, and addressed the Senate as follows:]
Mr. President : 1 came lather late to ike Senate
this mornin , and happening to mcei a mend on ihe
avenue, I was admonished hy him in hasten my siejis,
as “the war was to be canted into Africa.” and I
was expected to be annihilated. 1 h m no nine in
following the advice, sir, Mine 11 would beawkwaid
Ibr one to be annihilated w ithout knowing any th:ng
about it.
Well. sir. the war 1ns been brought into A rica.
The honorable member has made hi 1 expedition mio
regions as different fiom ihe subject of ilus del m- .
as llie orb of Jupiter I10111 tI1.1t • ! our e.»rtli. lie
has spoken of the tariff, ol slavery, and ol the late
war. Of all this I do not roinp'am. On the con
trary, if it be his pleasure to allmle to ;dl, or any » t
these topics, for any purpose whatever, l am ready
at all times to hear him.
Sir, this tarrying ihe war into Africa, which has
become so common a phr se among us, is, indeed,
imitating a great example ; hut it i» an examph
which is not always followed hy sin cess. In ihe
first place, sir, every man, thoiiLh lie he a man ol
talent and genius, is not a Si ip o ; and in ihe next (
place, us I recollect tills part ol Roman and Cartha- j
giuiaii history—the gentleman may lie inoiemcu
Ie—b 111 as 1 recollect n, when Scipio ic.soAid up
on carrying the war into Africa. Il.mnili.il was not .it
home. Now, sir, 1 am v« iy little like I l.umib-I, but |
lam at home ; and when Scipio Aim anus South ;
OarolinaCnsis brings the war into my temtori • s. 1
shall not leave their defence to Asdrub.d, nor Sy
plux, nor any body else. 1 meet him on thcshoic,
at his lauding, and propose but one conical,
“ Cunetirritiir ;
“ Autcita mors, out vicioim lalu.”
Mr. President, I had made up my mind tlmi u me
honorable gentleman should (online himsell lo a ^
replv, in the ordinary way, 1 would nut s y anuthei
syllable*. But he has not done so. lie lias gone
olf into subjects quite remote lium all conne xion ,
wit Ik revenue, commerce, finance, cu sub tita.Miiies.
and invites lo a discussion whth, howcv r uum'e .
resting to the Public at the piesei i innmeut, is too
personal to be declined by n e.
He says, sir, that I had undertaken to compare' im |
politic al character and conduct wiih hi*, far Inn
it 1 attempted no such thing. I com; an d tlu ;
gentleman's politic al opinions at I'ifh n nt liim*,w .ih
oru* another, cV c xpn ssed decided oppo itioii to thc.s* i
which h«* now holds. And I did, ceitainlv, advert j
to the general tone and dull ol the geutlen.au’a sen :
oments and expressions, (or some ve u* pa*t, in then
bearing on the Union, with such remarks as 1
thought they deserved ; I instituted no comp ri
son between him and mysell. lie may institute
one, if he pleases. Seeking nothing ol this kind, ,
1 avoid nothing. Let it be lemembcicd, that the
gentleman began the debate by attempting to exml.it ;
a contrast between the pr« sent opinions a d ( onduc i
of my friends and myself, and our recent opinions j
and rouduct. Here is the fits! charge o 1 inconsis
tency ; let the Public judge whether he has made it (
good. He says, sir, that on seveiul questions 1 havt :
taken different sides, at different times ; let him show
it. If he shows any change c»l opinion, I shall be
called on to give a reason, and to ac c ount lor it. I
leave it to the country to say whether, as yet, he has .
shown any such thing.
But, sir, before attempting that, he ha* something !
else to say. lie had prepared, it seems, to dtuw
comparisons himself, lie had intended to say
something, if time had allowed, upon our respective
opinions and conduct in regard to the war. It mm
had allowed! Sir, time does allow—tune must al- '
low. A general remark of that kn d ought not to
be, cannot he, left to produce its effect, w hen that
e/lect is obviously intended to be unfavorable.—
Why did the gentleman allude to my voles, or mv
opinions, respe cting the war. at all, unless he had
something to say ? Does he vvi-h to leave an unde
fined itnpiession that something wa* done, or sotm*- t
thing said, by me, not now c apahle of defVi.ce or *
justification? something not reconcilable with true!
patriotism ? He limans that, or nothing* Ami now,
sir. let him bring the matter forth ; !< i him lake tin
responsibility ol the accusation : let him stale the
J facts. 1 am here to answer : 1 am here, this dav, to
f< answer. Now is the time, now the hour. I think
wc read, sir, that one of the good spirits would not
bring against the arch rm my of mankind a lad
ing accusation: and what is railing hut general
reproach—an imputation, without lot, tune, or
circumstance ? &ir, 1 call for pariiculais. The
gentleman knows my whole conduct well: indeed,
the journals show it all, from the moment 1 came
luto Congress till tlie peace. If I have done, then,
sir, any thing unpatriotic—any thing which, as I a i as
love tocoiintrv goes, wall noi hear eompaii*ou with
his, or any mao’s conduct—let it now be stated.—
Live me the fact, the time, the manner. He speaks
of the war; that which vve call the late war, though
it is now twenty-five ) ears since it terminated. He
would leave an impression that I opposed it. How ?
I was not m Congress when wai was dcclart d, nor in
public life, any where 1 was pursuing my prolu
sion, and keeping company with judges. >lna.ff , and
jurors, and plaintiffs and defendants, ll 1 had been
m C ingress, and had enjoyed the benefits ol hearing
the honorable gentler au’s speeches, for all 1 can say,
I might have concurred with him. But 1 was not
in public life. 1 never had been, for a single hour;
and was in no situation, therefore, to oppose or to
support the decimation of war. I am speaking to
the fact, sir, and if the gentleman has any fact, let us
know it.
Well, sir, 1 came into Congress dining the war.
I found it waged and raging. What did I do here
to oppose it! Look to the join mils. Let the h n*»
rable gentleman tax his memory. Dung up any
thing, if there be any thiug to bring up—i ol show
ing error ol opinion, but showing want of loyally or
fidelity to tlio country. I did not agree lo all that
was proposed, uor did the honoiablo gentlcn an. 1
did not approve of every measure, nor did he.
The war had been preceded by the ivstiictivc sys
tem, and the embargo. Asa piivatc individual, 1
certainly did uot think well, of these jiicasuivs. L
aPpeared tome the embaigo a.nnowd us as much as
°ur enemies, while it desttoyeil the business and
cramped the spirits ol the People1.
In this opinion I may have been right or wrong,
hut the gentleman was himself of tin- same opinion.
told us the other day, as a proof ot his ind• pen
deuce of party. on great nutations, that lie dilb'ie i
with liu Ineiidg on lliesuhjeit of the embargo, lie
was decidedly and unalterably opposed to it. It lur
tushes, in his judgment, therefore, no imputation
*“nher on my patriotism, or the soundness of my po
hdcal opimoDSy that J was oppo ed to it alto. I
»n* ;»n opposed to m m opinion : for I was not ii i
< ongrcss. and had nothing to do with the art ere.i
ting the* embargo. \nd as to opposition to niea
surra for cat rving on the w ar, alter I came into (’on i
ilt’ess, I again say, let the gcnt'eimm speedy—let
him I • v his finger on any thing, calling |ur an answer,
and he shall have an iimswi r.
Mr. President, you were ymtisrlf ill the Utilise
during a considerable part oftftts tune. The hoi o
ruble gentleman may m ike a witness td \ou. lie
may make a w U m ss t | a y body else, lie may be
Ins own witness, (rive us but some fact, toon
charge, something cap tide in itself either of being
proved or disproved. Prove my thing, not consist
ent wit It honorable and patriotic t ondiiet, nod I am
ready to answer it. Sir, I am glad this subject lias
been alluded to, in a manner w inch pistilics me m
taking public notice of it : because I am well aware
that, lor ten \ ears past, infinite pains have been token ,
to find so'i etliing, in the range ofthese hpics, which
might create prejudice against me in the country.
The journals l ave all been pored over, and the reports
ransacked, and scraps of para raphs and hall senlen
ccs have been ccdb-cle I, put logetliei in the falsest
manner, and then made to flare out, as if there had i
he»-n some discnveiy. Hut all this f illed. The next
report w ts to suppo'cd correspondence. My letters .
were sought for. to leant if. m the confidence ol pii 1
vafe friendship. I h . I never said nnv thing winch an
enemv could make use of. With this view, the vi
cinity nf mv lot mer residence has been se irchetl, as
a lighted caudle. New 11 amp'diue has been i xploi
ed, from tfie mouth of the Merrim tcU to the \\ hue
Mills. In one i list a nc** a gentleman had left the
State, gone five hundred miles oil. and died- Mis
papers were examined, a leffei was found, and I
have mob istooil w as brought to \V ashing ton, a coti
rl.ne was held to consider it, ami the result was,
i hat 11 l lien* was not lung else ag mist Mi. W “bsicr.
the matter had heller In? let alone. Sir, 1 hope to
nlake eveiy body <d that opinion who firings against
me a chaige of want ol patiiotism. fttrnrs ol opin
ion c in l»e (tintid, doubtless, oil many subjects; but |
as conduct flow s I t om the feelings which a nun tie the
lira i, I know that no a< t of my hie I,as h ol its origin
hi thew mt of ardent love ol counttv.
Sir. when I came to ( 'ongiess, I found the hono
rable gen leman a leading n.ember of the Mouse of
Kepte entatu es. Well, sir, in what did wcdtllfi ?
()ne of'the first me asuies o| n agnutide, allei I came
here, was Mr. Dallas's proposition for a bank. Ii
was a war tuea-me. It w ,is m a il as being absolute
lv necessary to enable the (io* ernment to eairy on
ihe war. iJoven merit wanted rev* nue—such a hank
K was Imped would furnish H. and on lint account
it ivas w irmlv pressed and meed on (’ongrcss. V on
r member all ths, Mr. Piesidcnt. You rein* in
her how mill h some pe rsons supposed iln suet« ss of
the war and the salvation of the mtinliv depended
on carrying lliat measure. Vet tin* honorable mem
ber fiom South (.' uoli a opposed this lull. Me now '
takes t*» himself a good deal ol merit—none too
turn h, blit still a good deal ol merit, tor having d<
(rated it. Well, sir, I agreed with Inin. It was a
mere pape r bank—i no ir machine lot fabricating
irredeemable papci. It was • n> w form for papei
mot ev ; and instead ol benefiting the eoutUi\, I
thong l it would plunge n deeper and deeper lit
diffu liltv. I made a spec* It on the subject : it Inis
been oltm ijimt'd. There it is; let whoever plea
ses read and examine it. 1 am n U pioml of it lot
any ability it exhibits; on the ot In* i hand, I am not
indiamcd id it, tor the spirit which If liiMiilests.
Hilt. sir. I sav again, the gentleman himsell look
the h ad . I'aiiot this tin asm*—this daihiu mv -me
ol iln* Administration. I followed him ; if 1 was
s«-dm * *1 into * 11or, oi into unjust.liable opposition,
fher** sits illV '(‘dm er.
What. sir, w* re ol In r leading scnni ..cuts, or lead
ii g miM-iiii s nl ill d day ? ( Mi wind olln i stlkjei is
did men differ ? I lie genileim n lias advened to
one, and that a most important om ; I mean tin*
N.ivy. lie sins, and says irnlv, llial at the com
mencement id tlie w *r the Navy was unpopular.—
|i was unpopular with Ins friends, who then control
led the polities of the eminlrv. Hut lie says lie
differed with liis friend* ; in this rc*p» ft he resisted
party influent e and paiiv enm*-xion, and was the
friend and advocate <1 the Navv. Sit. I eoininend
liimforit. lie showed his wisdom. I hit gallant
lit lie Navv soon fought it** It into favor, and *!ioi\ i d
that no man, who hud placed reliance on P, had
h en disappointed.
Well, sn, m all this, l w is exactly of the same o
piniem as the honorable gemleinau.
Sir, I do not Know when my opinion of the im
portance ol n naval force ol the l oiled Sta'es l ad
ii* ori. in. I can five no date to my sentiments.
I remember, sir, that immediately alt* i coming into
my profession, at a petted when the Navy was mo-t
Unpopular, when n w is called by all sort.* ot hard
names, and designated by many coai-c epithets, on
one ol those occasions on which young nun ad
dress their neigh ho is, ] vent u ted to put forth a hoy's
hand in defence of the Navy. I insisted on ii* im
portance, its adaptation to our t »reum*tant,i *, and
tw ournatiotial character; and ii* imli*p«n*aide ne
cessity, if we intended to maintain and extend our
com me ice. I’ll* se opinions ;i ml sentiment* I brought
into Congress; and, so tar as I rcmcinhei, it w is
the first, or among the first times, in which 1 1 rt*
s med to speak upon the topics of the day, that I at
tempted to mge upon the House a gr« atei attention
to the naval ‘civic -. Then- wne diverse modes id
prosecuting the war. On these mode**, or on tin
degree ol at toot mil and expense w hie h should be be
stowed on each, dillert lit men held chllerent opinions.
I confess, I (linked with most hope *0 the results ol
naval warfare, and therefore I invoked the timem
mi'iit to invigorate and strengthen that arm • I the
national defei.ee. I invoked it to se k its enemies
upon the s* as—logo where every suspicions indi
cation pointed, and w here the w hole heart and soul
ol the country would g*» with it.
>ir, we were at war with the grcateM maiimm
Power on ear'll. Kurland bail gained an ascend.ni
cy i n tin* seas over tin* whole combined Poweis i t
Kurope. She had been at war twenty y< ns. She
had tried Iter fortune on the continent, hut geueial
IV will) no sure ess* At one lime i lie w hole c mi tun in
had been • lo*ed against her. A long line ol armed
exterior, an unbroken hostile niiay, Irowued upon
her from the gull oI Archangel, iouim! the | roiuonii ly
o|'’ Spilln and Portugal, to the foot ol t lie boot ol 11a \.
'I lien* was not a port at which an l.uglisli ship
could enter idvery where on the land the genius
o| her great enemy had nmmphed. II* had delea -
ed armies, flushed coahii<ns. \ overturned ilnones;
hut. like the I aided gith t, he was unconquerable on
ly while he touched the land. Uu the nee n, lie was
powerless. i hat fndd of fame was Ins adversary's,
and her meteor Hag was streaming in liiumph all
over it.
To In i maritime ascendancy, Kngland owned e
verv tiling and we wrie now at w r with her. Urn*
ol the most cli..lining ol her pods has said ol her,
that
“ Her mnrrli is o’er the mountain w ave,
“ Her lioiii.- is uu ilie <1 p.”
Now, sir, sun e wc were at war with her, 1 was lor in
tercepting this match ; 1 was lot calling upon her,
and paying our respec ts to hei at In me ; 1 was ho
giving her to know th.it we, loo, h.:*l a right of way
over me sea*, and that out m-uine officers and out
.n.iiImi.s wero not cntiie strangers on the bosom of the
deep; l was for doing something i""ie with our na
vy, th in to keep it on our shores, for the protection
of our own coasts and our own harbors; 1 was lor
giving plav to its gallant and burning spirit; for aliow
11)mt it to go forth upon the seas, and to encounter, on
II open and an equal field, w hatever the proudest oi
bra* t of the enemy could bring against it. 1
knew the character o( us officers, and the spirit ol its
seamen ; and 1 knew that, iu tin ir hands, though the
flag of the country might go down to the bottom,
while they went with it. yet tint u could ncvei be
- dishonored oi disgvsced.
Since* slir was out enemy—and a most powerful
enemy — I was lot touching her, il w e eouhl, in dir*
vi i v apple ol her ey e . Im tea citing the lug I e--t lei ill
er in her cap; tor clinching at tin* vciv brightest
jewel in lur eiown Kline seemed to me to be a
preuhai propticly in a!| this, as the yvai w;h Ulidn
taken loi tin- icilic** o| ttiantiine ihjurtes alone II
was a w m ih i la led io| tit c trade and sailois lights.
Klie oi i .oi, tit* iciore, was the piop* I theatie for de
tiding this cent i o\ ei sy with out rnrii v, and on tint
ihf.ilre n y indent wish was that out own power
should In rt tu eutiati il lothe utmost.
So mneh. sir, U»i lliewai, and lot mv conduct and
"pinions as i i i.net i• d w it h it. \ml, as I do not mean
to rei Ul to I his suhjei | otit'll, tun e\( i. unless nulls
peusddy iitits^aiy, 1 iepi .1 th" demand hr any
ih.uge, any act us.it ion, any alleatiou wit never,
ill n tin ow s me behind the honorable gt uileman, m
In hind ai y otlu I man, in li I, in fidelity . in d< vat
( I love to that t ommy m who li I w is horn, which
has honored me, anil w I'trli 1 serve. I. who seldom |
deal in iletianee. now. lieie, in my | lace, boldly
• I. Iv tin- njembci to j in Ins ii.mhii.iI urn in the toiniol
a charge, ami to suppotl lliai charge ly any pioof
yy hatever.
'Kite gentleman lias adverted to the subject ol
slavery. On tins subject. In- says, l have not piuv
id inysell a Ittentl to ilo* South Why. sir,
the only proof is that I lid not vole lot his reso
Ini ions.
Sir, this is a v"»v gi ive matter; it is a subject ve
ry e\i mug and i d itunnible. I lake, ol course, all
ihe ri sponsiblihlV belonging to iikv o; mions; but I
ibs; re i lose iipmni ns to be it inlet si mo I, ami I an ly si it
id. Il I mi to be i eg a lilt d as an etien y In the Souill,
because I could not suppoi l the g< nfeiiiiiKs i< solu
tions, be H so. I cannot pun base lavor, horn any
quarter, by the saiilliee o| i leal and i onsi lent unis |
i ■ o u VI e I lulls. I 'in* pi ineij) il lesoliltion ibu laieil that
t ‘i.ngie-s had pi 1 ; llled t|s lallh, not to Intel leie. eilhet
Midi slav "i v oi the slay e ti ail", III the l >» -11 let ol (.‘o
liimbiii.
Now, sir, this is quite a mw idea. 1 never heard
it advanced Until lhis session. I have heaid gentle
men conic*d that uosuedi jiuwer w is in die (‘mutt it it
t |M|| ; but the notion, that though die l onsi it ulioti
i out allied no pi uhlblt .no, vet that fuligHSH had
p|. hied Its taidi not to eserei>e sm h a pow. ,, m an
entire novel tv. so far as f kcow. I mu -1 say, mi, it (
appeared to me little • Ise ih.lU ail Bib nipt to put .1
p in 111 hi t i o tl into the ( H. M.luholl, bnMM*« time was j
none there al.e oly. Km this supposed |duhtmg ol
the public fa th. or the faith ol l oiigfcss, 1 *aw mi
gioniid, either in the hist iv ol the l lovei ilieilt, oi in ]
any one fact, or in Hi v arguuieiil. 1 tlici elute could
in. t vote* lur the proposition.
Sir, it is now sevcial y<\i|s situ e 1 took t ale to
make mv opinion known, that this t iovci uinflit lias,
eon st i tut ion ally, nothing to do w itli sbu* a y. as it ex
isis m |he Siates. I hat opinion is etiliicly m i l’.ang- |
ed. I stand .steadily hy the i esoltnion ol t in- l lottse oI
Ilepresetitatives, ado|»ti d, abet muc h iotiMileialion, I
at the rommencetneiit ol die (iov eminent—"huh
was. 111. i f ( o 11 g r l • s s have no a 11111U111 V to 11. t (• 11 e | e
m the emancqiation ol slaves, oi in the tieatiuetit ol
them, w ni. in any of the St lies ; u remaining wiiliilu1
-eve i d Si ite> alone to pi ovule any i eg illations fheir
io, which Itiiin > tty and hue policy may nquue.
'Kiris, in my epn.ion, is tin- constitution, and die i
I w. 1 l.ay c quoted the resolution ollcn. It e\j»tes
si'- tin* judgment i I men ol ail pails ol tin* i minfry, |
delibeiately lormed. ill .i ' ool tune ; and it expiesses
mv pidg-ia nt. and 1 shall adhere to it. J.ut tins i,.is .
nodimg to do with th" o:lu-i constnullotnil (pieslion ;
that i s tu .say, the nine const it utioual question, |
wlnther ('ongta -s has tin* powei to leguhiie sla
very and iii" slave li tdc in ti." Dtsifh t ul ‘ oluui
Oil.
< )n sin-li a question, s r, w lien I a in asUed nn hat tin
(’oustitntam in. or nn heihcr any powei giautcd by it
Ii is been com* rumiM'd aw,in , or, nob i il, could be
compromised ;»nn ay-1 must expn my lmnest o
pinion, and alw i\s si:. II exjn -s it, il I say any tiling,
notwiibst.indmg it may mH meet coin micnce < illiei
ill I lie No Util or the .N»»l ill, the Last or tin* \\ est.
I i annul express, l>y my vule, w hat 1 donut be
lieve.
Ile has chosen to bii'ig that stibjei t into tins tie
bate, nvith nn Inch it lias n>» concern, but In* may make
tile most ol it. ll I e call ptuduci lililavoi able iinpn s
sions mi the South, hum my negative to Ins filth re
solution* As to the rest ol them, they were common
places generally, ui abstrnctions; in iegurd to whicli,
one may well mil leel luuisell call 'd on to vote at
all.
And now, sir, in icg.ud to the l.ndl. I hat is a
long chapter, Imt lanqntc e edy logo ovii it with
the hunorahie nn mln r.
Ilecliaijes me with inrotixist tfiicy. I hat may
rleiieinl on deciding what inconsistency is, in i> -|" 1 1
to sin 11 sub jects', and nvIjcii it is to be pi oved. J " d!
state the farm, lor I have them in my min i some
what more lullv than tin* Iniuoiable tm-mbci has
himsell presented them I.et us bt gin at the begin
j ning. Ill lHHi I voted against the taut)' laNV, which
was then proposed, and who ll pas id. In lb-I,
| again vote.I ag .msl the l.mU law, who h was
then proposed, and nn bn h pass1 d. \ mejuiity ol
New Kngland votes, in levM. was against i In I ndi
.system. The bill leceivcd but one nw|o limn Ma*
saelmsetts; bn* it parsed. 'I In* pohey was esrab
lulled; New K n g laud a • • j u ii -t «I III ll, eaufolllicd
her busiuc s and pui-ii tsto n , end) il ,-d hci capital,
and euiploved her labor, in ma nlacmies ; mil I
certainly admit that, 1 r- in that time, I b *ve. hb
b nod to support interests thus railed into being, and
into importance, by tin- selibd | • ■ uy ol tbe !•••
verunieiil. I have stated ibis oft n lo re, and often
elsewhere. The grnuud is dcteiisible, and 1 main
tain it.
As to the resolutions adopted in Huston, in 1^20,
and nv Inc ll r« solutions he Inis caused in I < m ad, and
which lie sax -, lie pI e - ll ll 1 eS I pI l• p 11 « d, I have ll1 • I e
collection ol having diawn the? i«-sol-uimi and do
not belu vc 1 del. lint I was at the meeting, and ml
dias-ed | he lin t til g, and nn hat I said oil that on a
smil lias been piodueed In if, and lead in the Sen He
vr.u s ;i”tj.
The resolutions, Sir, worn opposed In tile corn
meafing el a high lai'ili P'dicy. I was o|>|io~<ii mil.
,ih| spoke against ii—the ell) oflJ k'iim " opposed
1., J(_i), ( 'll ll! "e Ii,1 ' ill 1| III M .issaell II' I'l I S w a s n ji ■
nosed In it. Hi-member, sir, ll 0 tin- was in 161)0.
I his i pjuisitinn i hi In nt d till Is*) ! 1 he volt's all
' show ties, lint in 18 ) 1, the IJOI" non u as deeliled ;
I I lie (in, eminent ei tend upon I i.e pnlii y ; ll nniieil
I nien tn end > 1- iheir , n | eny and then uie.nisol liv
1 in;* ill ii - Individuals live tiene lies I'* a great ex
lenl ; and, tlieri lure, I -av, su lung as the manulae.
' mrrs shall need lea-unable and just pit,lection from
l iiivoi till.. 1 shall he disposed |o give ll In (In III.
U'lial is there, sir. in all this, lor tho gentleman to
! complain of? Would he have os always oppose
I the policy, adopted by ll.e country, on a great ijocs
1.. 1n? Would lie have nmioiHies never submit to
I i lie will of major dies ?
[ renumber to bare said, sir. at the meeting in
i Ka'icuil 11 dl. that pmtcciiou appeeri d in bo legard
ed a-no nlent.il in icvcnnc, and that the incident
, Oil Id mil be carried la illy above I he prim ipah ill u
I (ht i words, that duties ought not to be laid lor ilie
i mere object of protei Inm. 1 believe llist was sub
annually gui lt I.t. I believe lli.it if tin- P"Wi r id pin
tle, I ion bn inferred onl) limn I lie revenue power, the
! protection cool I only be incidental.
Uui, I have said in this place before, and ! rej eat
now, tliat Mr. Madison's publication, alter tit, i n ri
nd, and his declaration that the ..lid in
tend to graut tho power of pi.non, under tlm
commercial clause, placed ihe subject in a new and
a clear light. 1 nill add, sir, that a paper drawn up
' bv I >r. Frauklin, and lea I by him to a circle ul lin.m s
I n'l I’hdadelpbi,i.oii tho eve of the a-emliling il ill"
' l onveolioii, respecting tin: powcis uhii ll lhr: pro; ns
i ed new Government ought 10 poasi as. i hows. | erlect
; Iv plain, that, in jcgnl.i'ing ctiimen e it « : expect
t il Congress would .tdopt .» colli**?, which should, f«»
siitim ilegire, protei i ilie* maiiuhictiires ol tile North,
lie i mainly went into the convention liimsHl mulct
that ronvu non
Well, hi , .«iid now what dors the genth man make
mil against me in trlahoii in ihe t :n ill } What I hi
iels does I10 gather in this point Mi ion? I oppos
« d tin* ftohrif ol ihe I n*l). until 0 had become the set
tied and fstahlised policy "I the country. I have
never questioned the eonstitiilintial power ol (’nil
gl ess in giant protei lion, cXc« pi hi Ut as the 10
in.ok goes, in ide ill I’aoeml I 1111, w'hii Ii rein ok res
peetsnnlv llie length in who Ii protei non might pin
pei ly be e n i led, mi tar as the power is deiivi I Iimii
the authority <• lav dunes oil imports. |lm llie p It
n being established, and a great pail ol the ci i*u\
having pi. red vast tutotests at make in it, I have
not il ist ii i ben it; chi (lie iwiiliaiv, I have insisted
that it ought not In be ilihtuibed. ll their be
inconsistency in all this, ihe gentleman is at lihcrty
to hi i/on it forth ; h t him see what lie can make ol 1
it
I lore, sir, I erase to speak ol hivh* It . and icspeet '
fully ask pardon ol the Senate im having m» long ih j
tamed it, upon imv thing so umtnportaul a* what
iclites nieielv to my own public conduit and opui j
ions.
Sir, tlie hnnotable member is pleated to •-•uppnM*
ill it otti spleen is excited, because lie less niteilen il to
snail h 11 oil i ns a Vli toi y ovci l lie A dill 1111st i at mu. It
In means by this any perMiiud ilisappoinlmenl, I
m|i iII not I luuk it w oi ill w hilts lo make a irin.uk upon !
it It lie means a ilisaj pointment ai Ins i|iiilling us
while we vveie finli avoring to must the picaenl poll
t v ol the \ dm in ist i a t loll, w h v, i hen, I admit, sii . i li.it 1
I. lor one, telt ih.it disappointment deeply. It ts the
polo yot the \diniorsiniiion its piinciplcs, and us |
nieasiiicN which I oppose. Ii is not persons, hut 1
tilings; not on ii, lint rneiiMiies. I do widi, most
leiveutlv to pm an end to tins anti coinitietend poll i
ey ; and it lhe oveithrow ol the policy shall ho lol i
lowed by (lie politn al dele it id it uiitliois, vvliy. Nil, |
it is a ifault who ll 1 shall endeavor to meet with e I
qua ii I in it \ .
Sir, as to the hnunt ible|tneinbei,« trsetiing the vn .
inrv Ir«iin ns, in as to Ins ability to sustain the Adini - J
nation hi this pulirv, lliero may ho a ill.n Inn ol a j
simple about tluil. I trust the citadel will yet hr
Ntorno d, and (allied, by (In* lone nt public opm |
ion. and (hat no I lectin will be able to dehniJ it.s
walls.
I’hi now, sit, I must adveitio a dcclui. tion ol (lie
IlDIIOialll" IlH'llllo'l. will! II, I t’OllIl* s, «11<| .H III | II IS o !
on*. Tin* lioiioi able meinhei s.<\h that, personally, lo*
and in\ elf have been oil II M ildly Id ui.s, bill dial »\r
;il \ s di»‘* rod on gi cal < n list it lit lo mil c|tir.*l tons ' Su,
dn* os astound .''I': • And > * t I was peril e lly pH
pair'd for i(; foil tMt Imi i. tin* other day, and held
mv In«>atIi, while die honorable gentleman dec lured
ami repeated, ill t» ho alwav * belonged lo lie Stale
light* p.ntv! \ 11«I lie means, by what lie- has do
elan I lo-dav, that In has alwas given lo the Con
M it it t mu a const i ir. I n n iimir limited, belter git,ml I
od, lo t l.ivoiaide lo the eXieo*n*ll ol til0 pmvi in ol i
this (invci'iuriil, diau doit which l have given to it.
lie has always inli ipic h d it .in ending lo die stin t |
doetiine i I the e* hooi ol Stale nglilH ! So, il lh« I
Imiim.dde inoiober evel belonged, lllllil vei y lately, I
to the Stale rights paiiy, the connect ion was veiy |
niiieli like ti secret marriage. And never was se cret j
belter kept. Not only wi n; die espousals not in |
know lodged, but all suspicion was avoided. There i
was no known familiarity, or even kindness beiwi n 1
them. On die coulraiv, tin y ac ted like parlies !
wlm were nut »it all loud ol rath uthci's coni'’
piny.
Sir, is there a man. in my hearing, among all the
. eni lenieii now stirl ouiidiug us, many id vv 11 (11n, id
liiitli I louses, have been lu re loan' years, and know
die gentleman and m> ell. peihcily; is their one,
w 111 • 1 Ver heard, supp< - -cd, or ill 1 .lined, dial the hull -
ni i'dr me mhe 1 In lmi_u d lo the Slate lights p ily he
loir the y 1 ;■! I H'J 1 ! (‘an any such connexion bn
proved upon him — ran lie prove it upon himself, be- I
Iuh ■ tli't time !
S11, I vv ill show you. In-fore I resume m v sr.it, dial |
it vv ,1 not until . I:t 1 the gentleman look Ins seal in !
tin-chair w Inch you im»v oc c upy, that any public
manifest it ion, <1 intimation, was « 01 given I»y him, i
i.t Ins having embraced the | ec uliai doc limes ol the *
Stale? 1 ighis pally.
Tin- liiilh I*, sir, the honorable gentleman had tie |
ted a veiy impoitaut and o* lid pail during liie war.
lint die vva 1 terminated. Towaids 11m* close cd the?
*es.sion ol 1 H14 —' 1.1. vv •• 1 ec eiVtcJ I lie news ol praee.
Ti Its c In -»r • I th» I .,dl ( on _ 11 s*. III I lie hill id 181 «5, !
the 1 till ( ong.e-is a- ambled. It was lull ol ability, I
and die honor.ible gentleman htoed high among itt
distill _ 11 ixhed 11 mm hr 1*. lie remained p; t Sic ! I nisr.
sir, dirough dm w! .!c ot lliat C’vitgi es*; and now,
'ii. it is • . *■, lo bn shown, dial, during those two
\ r.11, 111(* Illimitable gcutlcm. n took a decided le.ul.
i i .ill those gii .it mci btiri-K, w Inch he Ii.ih since hoik
tin duiiouneeil, as unconstitutional ami oppiessivi —
the bank, the i.nill,and internal improvements. 'I he
w.tr being it nmnaied, the gentleman's iinmi turned
it-rll’ t o iv *i 111 iuieiH.il adimnisliaiiun ami 11111»•«* v * * -
it11-iif. Ili mu vi\ ed tim whole country, conlem|>!.i
lid all its i eso ui ees, saw wliat it was capable ol be
coining, a <1 held a political (aith, not so iiaitnw and
coutiacled as in icsliam hiuilioiu useful and rffn mot
,K 1111 n Ih- w .i-, lie i elm r, a l om e, a lull leugl II i
In ad id .ill ulln i in in< asiirt -s, wlm h weie national,
and which icijuned a Intful anil hbcial eoiisiim lion ,
ul ihe ( Hi s Hulun). This is historic truth. Ol Ins •
agency in ill* bank, and olh< r measures com i led with j
(In* curi'-uey, 1 have alieady spoken, ami I do not .
.Mull island him In dei y any thing I h ive s ml, in dial
l ailiciihu. indeed, I have said nothing capable id ,
denial.
Now allow me a (»• w winds upon die tariff. i he (
i.n dl ol 1 - I (' w a*» cl i»t i ui lly a .South ( ’am I id a meastiic.
Look at the vote-, and \*.u will see it. it was ala
iilt, lor die In ik lit ol South ( aioln a inti rests, ami ]
i mii ed dnongh < nngi ■ ss by South Carolina votes,
and Soiiilt ( .noli! a 1111] ii tin e. Kven die minimum, .
-ir, the so much icpimu lied, the . I nmiimble min
imum, dial subject ol so much angry mdigmi- j
iuni ami w r ithl jl thetorie, is ul Southern origin, and |
his a South Carolina parentage.
Sir, the contest on dial occasion was. chiefly, be
tween the cotton-growers at home and tin* urn j
pollen* ol cotton fabrics tioin India. '1 hese India
i.dues were tnrde Imrn the cotton ol that couniiy.
Tin people ol this couniiy were using cotton lab
ricH, noi made ol American cotton, and, so lar, they
wi ie diminishing the d< inami lor such cotton. '1 he
j imporiHiion ol India cottons wa* then very large, and j
1 i Ii is lull was designed to pul an end to it, and with
I In* help ol the minimum, it did put an end to it
The cotton inatiul.ici on s ol the Noil Ii w ere then
in dieir infancy. They had some fnemls in (’on*
g i ess, but il I ireoih . I, die majmity ol Massachu
setts mcmbeis and ol New Ihijlaod n emheis weie
.ijam-t this cotton tar.11 id lrllj. I remember well,
ili.il die main debate w.i«, Intweiu the importers ol
India cottons, m ihe North, ami the cottun-giowers
I ol the South, 'ihe gentleman cannot deny the
I irut Ii i I this, • i any pan ol it. Huston opposed this
! i.mil, and Salem opposed it, uaiiuly and vigorously,
i nut die iiuooiable member stipj oiled it, and the law
j pas-< d. And now b it always iemembered, sir, that
i hat act passed on the proles-ed giomal ol proledion :
I dial it it.id m il die minui inn | iioeiple, ami doit llje
honorable menu her and other leading gentlemen from .
! is ow n Stale snppoitcd 11, voted lor it, and earned
it tl.rough Congress.
And now, Sir we come to the doctrine of internal
! i'lipiovcmcnt — that other tismpalion, that other
J uppri ssion, which has come so near to justifying
n loienl abruption «>l do* Government, and scatteimg
! ; he 11 a glue n is ol the l n ion to the four windy. 1 lave?
mlit* gentleman's S ale- light- opinions always kept
| him aloof I rom such unhallowed infringements of the
I Co. Mttudon ! lie says he always dith ied with me
on coustitutt' uol oi.. - ttous. How v. as it in this
most iinp«rhint paitietilur T II is In* here stood on th© |
rampart**, Iu uhIisIhu ' Ins ghttetmg sword against ns
s iilnnts, and bidding out j banner of defiance f
Sn—sir—sir—it is mi indisputable tmih, that lie is
Innisell llie* in.m—tin* ip.se tint fits! hi ought forward,
in < inigM’ss, a scheme of general internal improve j
incut, at tin* expense, and under the a tit Itor it y of this
(«n\eminent. lie, sn, is the very man, llie ,
nihs it r. w lio considerairlv, and on a settled sys
frin, liegnii iln-*.e iineotistniitiomil mrustiies. if they j
he nrnoiiMtnutional. And nowlortlie proof.
Tin* art im erporatnis the Hank ol tin* United |
States wa*; passed in \ pi il. 1 h | ti |**or tIn* privileges of i
the cllinlei, the propiuetnis «.| tho hunk weie to pay j
to (fovei inn.nit a / < //>/.«. as n was railed, of one mil j
lion five Imildied thousand doll.ns. in rrrtam instnl
m« ills. (Jovri inneiu also took seven millions ill the j
stink of the Innl*. I ally in the next session of
('mi; iims—111a| is, in lfeeendirr, Ibid— the honor.i .
i aide memln iinoved, mtlir House ol Rcprex**nta- j
lives, that a i ommittee he appointed to consider j
the piopnoty ol setting ap.ni this lu>nu*. and also the
div id ends on the stoi k belonging to the I lilted St ties, ,
as a peimanent fund lot mleiii.d imprnvemeiit. The |
committer w as appointed, and the honotalde tnemhei
w is ii oh’ Us rhaii mail. lie I litis in igmated t he plan,
and look tin* lead m its ©sortition. Shortly afiei
wud-, | ■ repot led a lull cai lying out ihe objects On j
v\ hn h the committer had been appointed. This hill
pi ov nli d that I lie dividend*, on the k*-yen millions ol
lot Ilk stock belonging to (io\eminent, and also the
whole nt the l»>nux should lie pel maneiitlv pledged. as
a loud Im i oust i oil in g mails a i id canals ; and that this
hind should lie Mil pit to him Ii specific uppmptia
lions as f'ongiess im lil thrieallri make.
I bis was the hill ; and this was the first project
ever hintight foivvanl in t 'oligie •*. lor a system of
inn tmil improvements. The hill goes the whole ,
dm trine, at a single jump. 'J In* f ’umherlatid road, (
il is tine, was, already in piocless ; and (or that |
tin* genth man had also voted. Ihit them were, and |
are now, pecuhatdies about that paiticiilnr rx
pendiftin . which sometinies satisfy scrupulous
ennseleiiees ; hut this hill ol the gentleman's
without »»|uivo< atioti or saving t hilisr—without
11, oi and, ui hut—occupied the whole gioiind at .
miee, and announced internal improven cut is one
of tie objects of this (iuvei iinifiit, oil a grand i
and systematic plan. 'This hill, sir, seemed III ,
drcil mo siiong H was thought, hv peisolis nol cm
leeiiied cxlirmrlv p ulotis nt .Stale i ighls, to evince, |
n vertheless, h.o little icgaid to ill© will of the j
Slates. Srvetal g' litleiui n opj'OM'd the measnie, III
ih it si ape, on lh.it a* count ; and aiming tin III l ’olom I
l'ickri ini', then one of ill© Irpn si nlHllVrs lioin
iM assi.r 11 ii set ts. Ivin I i mo lit y 1’ie.ki i up mild not j
f|uilc sar < lion, not eoueui in, iln- honoiahle gruile
in a it's dot trines, to their lull extent, although he
I’,,voted the ineastiie IU llsgem-lat ihil.ntii. lie
lliereloie, pit paied an iiiieuduu iit, .in a substitute ,
and his substitute piovidt d lot two vriy impoHaul j
things, not eiuhiaeeil in the mtpnal lull:
I'iikI, that the piojHUtioii of the Inud to hr ex pen
ded in etch Slate, tc pev I've I \, should he III piopol
Hon to the nmtlbci ol Us iiiii.ihii.inlN :
Second, lh.it tlie mom \ should hi* applied in eon
Mrurtini! such i«uuIh.canals, A e , hi ilic seveial Stales,
us Congress might duett, uilh flic uncut uj On j
Till*, sir, was Tlliinlliy I’" kciilig’* uni mini' ill of
llm liminrlihlo gcnlli imin’s lull- \nd i nil, llu"
.lullin' hminrible gen'In. "Im lum always lie
lunged in I lie Nlalr lights pally, limv ilnl Im mill
lliis amriidmrnl, n* llns substitute 1 wliieli wav, do |
Mill III II. I,, Ills .Nnili' III'Ills .III II mi' I'll 11 mi ! W liy,
si., I "ill nil vmi. Il" Hillin',lialily him', and inn
veil In sillin' mu lie' "mils" tilth the. aticnl nj the (
Shite'" ll.ii' is iliejiiiiin.il iintU'i my liiin.l, sn ; |
;,,,,| |,,.,n is ilie genll< mail's liiminii. And i i iiainly,
mi, H will In' ndiiiilird, ilial linn motion was lint nfii j
nailin' In mtmiale doll lie laid In mine wnidi d In
Si .ill* i ig Ills. Hill tli» winds wen) mil Mi H ken mil. '
The HI,, I ill II did tint piev.ul. Mr. 1’n keniui's
si,list il nl e was adopted, mid llm lull passed I Im
I louse in dial lin in. |
III < 'nuinilliee ol llm VV’linli* on lliis lull, nil. llm j
honor.ilile me,idler made a vioy aide speech, belli;
no die poliey ol mu I n d improveiiieiils, and die pow
er ,,| I 'niigii'fii uvei die siilip'el. 'I liese poinis weir ,
lolly a 11! tied liy him. lie spoke- ol die unpin ,
l.uiee of the s) sl'ein ; die vast good it would piudmr, ;
and *• l.ei ns, thru," said lie, " bind die lepublie In j
c,.titer, wiili a peileei syiiiiu id mads and canals, ;
I,el ns conquer spue. Il is dins die u,u*l ills |
lint pails o I the republic will In* brought willuii a
I, w d Its’ navel m die cel,Ire ; il is thus llu.I a cilr/en
nl lb** \\ I'M will lead the new* ol liuslon still iuu",i !
fr"in die press."
Hut mi die power of Congress to make mtunal
improve me n I s ; ay, su, "i‘ llm pom i ol Congiess, i
he.,1 him! What were dun Ins inlos ol lonsliu, |
■ no I llu" did lie ,1 dud nine lend and utldrislsml ;
he i ’nusi n in ion 1 Why sir. he sard dint " lie wits
no adnii Hle (ol rrIi ed iiiguminis on die C'mislilulimi. !
The insli inui'iil w as mil mleiided as a diesis Im llu
lug i< l.in In ixrin e Ills ill i e l, llll) "ll. 11 ling III lobe ^
i oiistrued wiili plain good sense. 1 Ins is all veiy
111 s I. I lb ink , si i ; and he said much mm e. 11 e quo
i, d many Iiesinnci * nl laws, | a>si d, as he eonteuded,
mi similar punt iples, and llien added that ‘ he inliu
iliieed iliese mslaio i s In pilin' the Uiulnrm .sense id
< 'iingie and III die eminiiy, (Im d ey had iml been
oh jei led In,) as In mil pow ers ; sill ely, said he, " they
limunli belter eviilem e ol die true inlei premium of
die ( 'oiihIiiiiIimi Ilian lliu most reliuud and subtle
arguments."
1 fere von sec, Mr. I resilient, how little original
I am. You have he.ml me emit* aiding in my
plan* here for f11«■ stability ol that which ha* been
long Kell led ; you have heaid me, till I dare say you
have he n turd, insisting thal the sense ol CuiigiesH,
mi often expressed, and the sense ol ihe i oiinliy, so
lolly Known, and ho lit inly es'alihshed, might to he
ieg.itd'd as having decided, tin.illy, ee»lain constitu
tional questi os. You si e now, sir, what authority
I have for this mode ol argument. Hut while the
se llnl ai in b ammg, the teacher renounces* W ill he
npp’% (liis old doctrine now—I xinceiely wish he
w «111j< 1—to the (juesiion ol the hank, to the question
ol the leeeivmgol hank noUsby tioveinitieiil, to the
power of Congress over the paper cnrmiry !
Will he, mi, will |.e admit that these ought to he
regarded .is decided, hv the settled sense ol Con
gress and of ill© country ? Oh, no. Car nlherw iae.
I'loin these rulcHnl judgment, and from the in Hue nee
of all considcilitmus ol this practical uatuie, tin.*
honorable member now takes these questions with
him into the upper heights ol mcntaphysics, into
die regions of those lefinrments and subtle argu
ment h winch he rejected with so much decision, in
1817, as appeals hythm speech. Ih* quits his old
ground of common sense, experience, and the gen
ii! uud< rstandiug of the couutry, lor u ibght among
theories and abstractions. ,
And now, sir, let me ask, when did the honorable
member relinquish these < arly opinions and prmci-%
pies ol Im ? \\ hen did he make known ht> adhesion
to the doctrines o* the State-rights party ? We have
been speaking of tiansaction* in 18lti and 1817.
W hat tlie gentleman's opinions then were, we have
seen. Hut w hen did he announce himsell a State
tight* man? I have alieady said, sir, that uu body
knew of lux claiming that character until after the
c ommencement of 18‘Jo ; and l have said so, because
I have before me an address ot his to ins neighbors at
AbbevdD, in May of that, year, in which lie re
counts, very properly, the principal incidents in his
career, as a member ol Congress, and as head of a
Department; and m which h says that, a* a mem
ber of Congress, he had given his xcalolis t (foils in
I’.ivor of ii itsioiaiiotj of specie currency ; of a due
pielection -ol those mantinlnr.tures winch Imd taken,
loot during the war, m d tin.illy, of a system lor
connecting the venous paits of t lie couutrv by, if ju
do iuus system of internal improvement. * »
And he adds, that it afterwatd* hie duty.
V *%' ,
sis a member of the Administration, to sid in sosfsio
my, against the boldest assaults, those very measures,
w hich, as s member of Congress, lie had contribu
ted to establish.
And now sir. since the honorable gentleman snyn
lie dilVeied from me on t onslii imonal questions, will
be tie pleased to say what constitutional opinion I
have ever expressed, lor which I have not his ol
press iinlhoniy ? Is it on the bank power? the tariff
power ? the power ol internal improvement? I have
shown Ins votes, Ins speeches, and iits conduct, on
all these subjects, lip to the tunc wlien »»enor»l
Jackson become a candidate fur the I'residmc)«
huiii ib.it lime, sir, I know we have differed {but if
then* was any dillerci.cc before tlint time, 1 call up
on 111in io point n out—what was iheoccasion, what
iln question and (lie dilleience ! Ai d if, before that
pel iod, mu, by any speech, any vole, any public pm
feeding, nr by any other mode ol iimmuncf incut
whatever, lie gave I he w olid to know tint he belong
ed to the Si at c - rights party, l hope h« will now bn
kind enough to producc it, or to refer to it, or to mil
us where we may look fur it.
>11, 1 will pursue this topic, no farther. I would
not have put sued it so fat — 1 would not have entci*
ed upon ii at all—had it not been lor ll o astonish
ment 1 felt, mingled, I confess, with something of
wanner leciing, when the In tunable gentleman de
i hired (hat ho bad always d if final hotrittie ou coa
st tun mu d iiui si tons.
Sn, dm honorable nu'iiirifr trail a quoiatiou or
two hum .1 dptei It ol mint1 in )H16, »*ii die cuiren
t v m bank question Willi what intent. or fi» what
rod f Y\ Ion iiiiommsH'iu y does ho show f Speaking
ol the legal cuiiem y ol dm Country, that i«, the coir.
I thru said it was hi a good it ate Wae not that true I
I was speak lug ol die legal cuncncy ; ol that which
the law made a tender. And how is that mconsu
tent with ait) thing said by me now, or ever said by
me f
1 derl.ned then, hr thill lilt* fiamer* of tl it
t invi '‘inn ut »i r» loud money men. Certainly ill*?
weie, ainot the Ini ndsol a cniiveittble paper
InirU nwnrif ■ ihtn, in evely practical mid sensibfa
meaning ol tin1 min 1 Did |,m that speech or any
other, tut isi on i x< h limit all < oiivi ruble paper hum
the uses ol .society ? Mori ns.-medly 1 did nut. 1
never quite so In lost m\ wiis, I think. There is
I ill a single senlsiic • in that speech which 1 should
quality il I w ere lo di hvoi it again—ami that the
honorable membei has not noticed. It is a pars
giapb |i“ pet ting the power ol ( dligl( »H OVfr lb#
ciMulainm ol Slate b mk - vvInch might perhaps need
explanation* nt ooiioelioii. I *ndrislanding it as
.ippheable to iliei m<j then beloiu (Jungles*, nil iho
lest is pei|ei|ly .uioiilant w ith my pirscut opinion*',
li is w ell know n dial 1 m vei doubled the power of
( 'unuiessto cm ate a b ulk ; that I was always m (a*
vui ol a bank • oiisi it tiled on pi o pci principle* ; that l
voted mi die bank lull i f lbln, Tmd opposed rb.it ot
1 I (I only oil account nt one oi two ol rts pi ov nouns,
v\ tin 11 I and ol lot s hoped to lx* aide to sliiko out.
I am a It 11>I money man. and always shall Iw. Hut
I know diegie.il use ol hucIi paper as is convertible
into haul money, on demand ; vv Inch may bu calle d
spot ir paper, ami w lm h is t q it valent lo specif in va
lue. and miuoli inme convenient and Useful.
< hi ill ' olla i band, l abluu all li i «nl r fumble papei ;
all old lasliiutM d pap« i mom > ; all deceptive promi
ses ; i vii) tiling, in«!«ul, in (be .shape ol papei issued
lot i in illation, wlietbi i by (Joveinment or mdividu
a In, winch may not be tui tied into specie at (be will of
die Initcii-1.
lint sn, I have insisted that (Jove?nment is bound
to pioti ct and it gulaie the means ul cnmmcice, to
'i edi.it them is a sound cum i:cy tor die Use of tho
IV>',pl*‘.
fl In* luinmatile gemlcinan asks, what thin is tl w
limit ? Must ( engies* al o luruisli all means of
»trinim ic« ? Musi ii luruisli weights, and si ales,
and steelyards? Most uudnubledly, sir, it must
regulate vv eights and im axlheH, and it dors SO.—
Hut the answer to the general question in v*r> ob
vious. (iuv ei i uncut mu it lui mrb all that which none
but liovi riimenl i an limnsh. (ioveruineiit must do
dial lor ii.tlivuliials which imlividuaU cannot do fur
iliemselves. That is die very end ol (Jovern merit.-—
Why, else, have we a < lovernineiil ? And call in
dividuals make a < ui H i.c) ! Can individuals regu
late. money / The distinction is as blond ami plain
a* ilit? runtisy Ivauia avenue. .No man can muui'ks
it, < r well blunder not ol tt. '1 lie gentlemen asks it'
< iov eminent mtiyl futnish for tlie People ships, and
boil*, and wagon*. < eitandy not. '1 lie gentleman
Ik ie only tet tie* (be Picsu'iut’s Message ol Sep
tember. 'J In sc tilings, and all such tilings, tin*
People can furnish f>t iljeinm lv« s ; bill tl ey cannot
make a < uileuey : tin y cannot, individually, decide
w bat shall be tin* mom y td ilie country. That, cve
i v body knows, isoucid tin1 pietogalives and one ot
the (Join s ol (invcriimeiit; and a duty which I think
we .nr most unwisely neglecting. We may a* well
le.iv> tlif People to make war and io make peace,
e.u.h man lot Inin < ll, ->s to leave individuals tho
leg illation o| ( omuiercraud cuncncy .
M i. Pi 'su| iit,tlieie wi ie otliei icm.uks ot" the gi’ti
tlcinan nl vvlnt li 1 might take noth e. Put, should 1
do ho, 1 could only repeal vvliat I have already said,
i 111ii i now t.i ht ieloluic. ) shall, the it. fort, nol now
allude to them.
My 111111< 11 i«I purpose, in "hat 1 have said, hat
been : fiist, to defend myself—that w,s my first ob
ject ; and next, as the hontuablo member Iras in
tempted to take t« hiinscll the character i f' a strict
i oiihIi netioi is*, and a State Rights man. and on that
bans to show a dilli reuce, not lavuruble to me, be
tv\ ecu his constitutional opinions and my own, hcrcto
loie, it has bet'u my intention to show that the pow
t r to create a bank, the power to lay a protecting ta
i HI, and the power of internal improvemrui, in tit
biuadi -it sense, ale all powets which the honornbltf
gentleman himself has Mippoitcd, hat acted oil,
and m the exert ise of which, indeed, lin has ta
ken a distinguished lead iu the councils ot Cou
gicss.
If this lias been done, my purpose ii answered —
I do not wish to prolong the discussion, nor to spin
it uiit into a colloquy, ll the honorable member has
any thing new to biing lor" aid ; il he has otiy c hinge
to make — any pi oof, or any specification ; tl ho has
anything f*» advanco against u v opium ns or my
i ondui t. my honor or patriotism, 1 am still at home.
I am here, if not, then, so lar an l aiu concerned'
tins discussion will line terminate.
1 will say a lew winds, belore 1 resume my scat,
! on the motion imiw pending. That motion is, lo
strike out the specie-paying prut of the bill. J have
a suspicion, « r, that the (notion w rfl prevail, ll it
should, it will leave a great vacuum; nod bow shall
that vacuum be filled ?
The part proposed to be struck out, is that which
leqtures all debts to Clove ruirfeut to be |wSHJ in spe
cie. ll makes a good provision for GovefnOient,
and lor public men, through all classes. The Sc«>
ictaiy ol the Treasury, in his letter, at the last ses
stoti, was si ill more watchful id lire interests of the
i holders of ofliee. lie assur'd us, bad as the time*
louvre, and notwithstanding the floods ol Had paper
Which deluged the country, members ol Congies*
j should get specie.
| - In my opinion, sir, this is beginning the use of
good money, iu payments, at the wrong end of the
I list, ll ibeie be b.id money in the country, 1 think
that Seneta-iit* and other Executive t(licets, and
, especially members of Congress, should be the last
to ice« ivt any good money ; because they have the
power, it they do thtir duty, and exercise th* pou.
vi, id making tljjt money of the eouutty. good fix' «dl.
lilhink, sir, tl was a leading feature to ,\Jr. Burke's
, latpioUh bill n>r ctunomical reform, licit he | rov»ded,
j fujlt of all, for tin s« who are least able iu sttute
(•Themselves. Every body el>e was to be well paid
1 all they wt*te cm ll It d to, before the- nmiUiers uf tho
j Crown, and other political characters, should h***
j any thing. This seems to me very right. But *•
lia\r a precedent, sir, iu our a vu isu.itiy, hnwys di