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RICHMOND WHIG. WEDNESDAY MORNING..APRIL 11, 18CG. Advertising. If any bmiutss man in Richmond doubts that th** Wmu in the beat medium through which to reach the Virginia public, we invite him to call at this office and we will take pleasure. a* a matter of buxine**, in exhibiting to him oar lists of bona rnibscriber* in every section of the State. The President and Congress. The President vetoes the Civil Rights Rill . the two Houses of Congress pass it over his veto, and forthwith the adherents of Congress clap their hands in exultation and shout—\ ic tory ! Victory over what ? Over the Consti tution and over the Executive head ot the uation. What makes the country mourn makes them rejoice. When we contemplate trom the cool stand.|>oint of the South the angry excitement that prevails at the national capital, and read the sensational bulletins pub lished in the newspapers which represent both the President and the Cougrcss as on the eve of resorting to measures of force, we can al most imagine ourselves in England, and in the midst of the events that marked the year Itifsl, when Cromwkl!. dealt his vigorous blows at the famous Long Parliament. The historian tells us that it was on the 20th of April of that year that he drove the remnant of the Long Parliament out of the House of Commons by force. The Council of State was hrokeu up the same day. For some weeks England was as near to an anarchy as any civilized uation ha* ever been; but on June 6th, Cromwki.i issued his summonstoone hundred and fifty-six person* to meet at Westminster as a Parlia ment. All but two obeyed, and the uew Par liamunl mot Jnlv 1th Thn»<» VPftM ill 1656, we find Cromwell with a new Parlia ment. The elections had caused much excite ment, and eminent Republicans were im prisoned to prevent their return. The majority was, however, adverse to Cromwell, who ex cluded more than one hundred from the House. Parliament adjourned to give him time to create a house of Lords. When it reassembled, the excluded members having becu restored, the Commons refused to recognize the other House, and Cromwell dismissed this, his last Parliament, with the words: “ Let Gop judge between me ami you,” to which some of the Republicans answered, “ Amen.” Is history about to repeat itself? Some of the Radical leaders say it is. The Cholera. The telegraph has brought news that the ship “England” has arrived at Halifax with one hundred and sixty cholera patients on board, besides Ibrty w ho had died on the pas sage. That dreadful scourge is thus on the di rect liue of march towards this country. Are we prepared for it in this city ? Have the ap pointed guardians of the public health per - ioriued their duty to the people i We an constrained to say that they have not. Ou the contrary, they have shamefully ami criminally neglected the plainest duties of humanity, and shown themselves utterly insensible to then gravest official responsibilities. Our readers will hear us witness that we have time ami again urged upon the Comiuou Couucil the im portance of instituting proper sauitarv mea sures at once, regardless of expense and lalmr. We have made appeal after appeal to the Couucil, hut all iu vain. It did nothing, and now the cholera is coming to Hud us unpre pared. it is fortunate I'or the city that a new Couucil has just been elected ; but it is unfor tunate that more of the old members were not left out. The Couucil just expired proved it self to he au inefficient, iitconipetent body. It seemed to be without the intelligence to dis cern its plainest duties in that greatest of all emergencies—the imminence of a deadly scourge—or to be without the energy ami courage to meet its manifest responsibilities. The first duty of the new Council will be to grapple with this crisis. If it shall happily exhibit—what the former Council so plainly lacked—a capacity to deal with the emergen cy, the community will experience a general seuse of relief. It is fortunate that in entering upou its important duties it will have the val uable assistance of two medical boarils—the Medical Academy of this city aud the Board of Health. We publish to-day two communi cations from these bodies to the Council, which contain suggestions of the highest value. The communication of the Board of Health is oili cial, and is in the nature of a supplement t<> former reports : that of those eminent physi isinttu [lu'fiiru Kill TtkV (il'VVIVllIf i\l :illtl Deans, who represent the Academy of Medi cine, composed of the faculty of this city, is voluntary and unofficial. This latter is a most comprehensive paper, and abounds in useful, practical suggestions, looking to a division ol the city into numerous wards—a physician and a police agent to l>e assigned to each, whose duty it shall he to make frequent domiciliary visits and inspections, to see that the premises are thoroughly cleansed, disinfectants applied. Sc., &c. To this end the members of the Academy of Medicine tender their gratuitous services. Those who read former articles in the Who. will be struck with the identity of the recom mendations embraced in this communication with the suggestions urged by ourselves. It is unnecessary, theretbre, uow that we should ex press our approval of this document; but we avail ourselves of the occasion to urge u|k>h the new Council the great importance, the ab solute necessity of prompt and euergetic action. Not a day should be lost. The highest duly that at present devolves upon that body is that of protecting the city from the tearful scourge with which it is menaced. As we have fre quently said, money should be no considera tion. The noblest function of money is to save life : and every cent expended to ward off this scourge is expended to save life. The people, poor as they are, would cheerfully l»ear any amount of taxation , necessary to enable the Council to place the city in a proper sanitary condition. The So-Called Union Party. The Radicals affect the name of Liuoh party. As au artful, but not unusual strategy, they s»sume the name just at the moment that they abandon the policy indicated by it. W hat sort of \Juiou are they in favor of? Not the Union as H existed before the war ; not the Union contemplated by the Constitution. If in favor of nsW union of the Southern with the North ern States, which we seriously doubt, it is a union llaseU upon conditions not contained in that in&rumeut, and not recognized by the other ttrt> co-ordioate branches of the Govern ment, the executive and judiciary, it is a union based upon conditions so manifestly re pugnant to the Constitution and common jus- j tice, to the rights of tho States and the senti- j ments and tastes of tho people of the South, j that no President, Irom W ashixutos down to j Lincoln, would for a moment have given his j sanction to them. There is not one of our former Presidents who, similarly situated, j would not have frowned, as President Johnson j does, upon any attempt to make such a union, upon such conditions. They talk about “ reconstructing the Union,” which, being interpreted, means that the Northern States are to be left, as they all along have been left, to do as they choose with | their domestic internal affairs, hut that the Federal power must be invoked to change, to reconstruct the Southern States so as to assim ilate them to the tastes and interests of the in habitants of the Northern States. That is, the Northern people must not only control their own State affairs, and manage and monopolise the Federal Government, but must also de termine tho siatns, and regulate tho domestic concern* of the several Southern States. Without regard to the wishes, or consent, or interests of the latter, the former are to “ re construct,” mould and shape them a* they shall think fit. Uutil this is done they are to be held as colonial dependencies. \\ heu accom plished, thev are, it is given out, to he allowed to come into the Union as “ equal States. Bail as these terms are we do not believe tliat the Radical loaders would accord even tbera. They cannot, without driving off many of their supporters, proclaim before the world that they are opposed, under any and all cir cumstances, to the return of the Southern States to the Union. The masses of the North are too proud oi the Union ever to consent to its |u-rinanent disruption ; nor would they long support any party that advocated permanent separation. Hence these leaders hold out to them the idea of ultimate restoration, while, at every step they take, they impose conditions that cripple and humiliate the Southern States. The present generation of Radicals feel that between them and the Southern peo ple there is a deep gulf. The leaders all as pire to the Presidency or Vice-Presidency. It they can maintain the ascendancy of their par tv by excluding the South front the Union, they hope to consummate their ambitious pro jects. Admitted to representation in Con gress, the whole Southern strength would be added to the Conservative vote ; admitted to suffrage, the whole Southern vote would he cast against Radical Presidential candidates.— These leaders are, therefore, determined to keep the South out of the Union as long as pos sible. But, anticipating the time when the Southern States must be restored, they are endeavoring to create conditions by which the white vote of the South will be neutralized by the negro vote. To Africanize the South is to reconstiuct it ; and to reconstruct it is to ob literate every vestige of the States as they stood <tw<> oeu»tm, so uuu ii m ashi.m.tox, •»».» fiMnv, Madison, Moxror ami their great con temporaries were permitted to “ revisit the glimpses of the moon” they would not l»e able t« identify the State that they so fondly loved. Gkxkrai. Lkk's Birtii-1’i.a<k—Piiotikiraimi. We have he fore us a photograph of a painting of Stratford House, Westmoreland county, Virginia, the birth-place of General R. E. Lee, and the old ancestral residence of the distin guished family to which he belongs. This pho tograph is taken trom a portrait by Miss Ward, daughter of Rev. Wm. N. Ward, whose heavy family afflictions were referred to in our issue of yesterday. Miss Ward’s painting is repre sented as a beautiful work of art and is re garded as giving evidence of extraordinary tal ent on the part of this accomplished young lady. No more interesting subject for a paint iug could l»e selected than that of the family seat of the Lees. Richard Henry Lee, the eminent statesman aud orator of the Revolu tion, was born at Stratford, January 20, 1732. This venerable Virginia mansion is endeared to all Virginians by many patriotic associations, by a long line of illustrious occupants, and as liavirg for so many years been the seat of a generous and elegant hospitality. It was one of the chief resorts of the beauty, the wit and the aristocracy of the Old Dominion, and, as we view the beautiful photograph representing it, we Hud ourselves regarding it in the light of a century and a half, and can almost persuade ourselves that we can see the cavaliers and beauties of that period ascending the pyramid of circular steps that embellish the entrance to partake of its hospitality. This beautiful photograph is for sale ut the book-store of Randolph & English. Indepen dently of the merits of this picture, and of the associations that unite to impart an uncommon interest to it. it may not be amiss to say that the object of the talented young artist in otter ing it to the public is to raise funds for the ed ucation of her brother. Portrait ok Gkxkrai. Lkk.—1The very best steel engraved head of General Lee which we have seen, is that of Mr. John A. O’Neill, just published by Messrs. Dexter & Son, I>64 Broad way, New York. Such a picture is desirable, as none of the heads so plentifully sprinkled in the shop windows come up to the wants ot the public. What was desired was a first-class steel engraving, of large size, for framing, and this Mr. O’Neill has produced. The work is, in every {mint of view, admirable, and the head may be called, without exaggeration, superb. The price of the pictures is five dollars, for artist’s proofs; three dollars for India (woofs, and oue dollar for prints, which Hie publishers otter to send upon rollers to any address on re ceipt of the price. We advise our friends to procure the artist’s proofs, for whose excellence we can yonch.— This is one of the largest and best steel en gravings yet produced in the country, and, apart from the subject, it is a fine work of art. The likeness is remarkable, and those who wish the best picture of General Lee yet pub lished will do well to get this of Mr.. O’Neill. In the debate on the civil rights bill in the Senate,on Friday last, Mr. Davis, of Kentucky, declared that “ if the bill passed, he would feel compelled to regard himself as an enemy of the government, and to work for its over throw.” Corr d'Etat Hi mors.—A distinguished military chieftan has. within the last few days, been sounded by two noted politicians, one of whom was in the army, to see to what exteut he could be relied upon to favor a coup if etat by which the Southern re preventives are to be placed m both Houses of l 'ongress. No encouragement was given, bnt the project has not been abandoned.— Washington Cor respondent New York Tribune. We have italicised the only questionable part of the above information. Substitute for that clause, •• by which the Government of the United States is to fie overthrown by a revolutionary junto of radi cal demagogues.” and we will vouch for every word of it. and so could tlie Tribune correspondent, if he is well enough informed to speak on this subject.— National Intelligenrer. General Grant Arrested for Fast Pmvino. —thi Saturday, while General Grant was exercising his fast gray nag on Fourteenth street. Officers Bai ley and Crown, after a sharp race, arrested him for fast driving. General Grant offered to pay the usual tine imposed in such cases, which, of course, the of ficers could not receive: hut the General expressed his doubts of their authority to arrest him. and drove off. The case was duly reported to Superin tendent Richards.—National Intelligencer of gee terday. It was a bad example in. General Grant to I violate a law. bnt a worse one to treat the officers of law with contempt. Si'K’iBi on a Train.—A telegraphic dispatch from St. I.ouisof the 15th iustant says: Yesterday noon, as the train on the north, Missou ri Railroad, going north, was approachiug Jones burg. Montgomery County, a passengpr placed a horse pistol to his head audblew out his brains. Ou his person w.-rv found a ticket for St. Joseph, in the uame of Mr. Audrews, Cincinnati, and JS.OOO in money. No one ou the tram was acquainted with the stranger, and no cause Is kuown for the commis sion of the act. The Republican party of the country have tired salutes in honor of the passage of the Civil Bights bill by the Senate. Judge Harvey, of the United States District Court, for New Hampshire, is dead. Gen. Scott has sailed from New Orleans for New York. Provisional Gov. Hamiltou. of Texas, is said to be ou the way to Waahiugton. The Iowa Legislature has adopted a proposition to strike the word “ white” from the Constitution of that State. The Ohio Legislature has adjourned sine die. •A steamtng exploded her boiler at Troy. N. Y., bn Saturday. Five men were killed. Three jiersons starved to death recently in Mar shall countv. Ala. and hundred* of others must perish if not speedily relieved. Jlra. Jane Cillemotber of Jonatv, h&n Cilley. who fell in a duel with Graves in 1838. died at Manches ter. N. H„ on the :36th ult, aged ninety-four years. Colonel D. S. Hounshell publishes in the Lewis lmrg Times a series of letters from prominent gen tlemen corroborating the charge he made against Judge Harrison, of West Virginia, and which the Legislature out there refused to hear. William Croft, famous as a fugitive slave, has established a large school at Whydah, and Kinp Da homv testifies his appreciation by sending him • present of six slaves. argument Of JOHN It. GILMER in aupport of a plea to the jurisdiction of the Military l ommoxton sitting on the trial of P. V. IVeacott, delivered March 17, 186b May it please tlie court, tlie plea just read lolly explain* its objects, its character and the found a - ' tion on which it Hi made to rest. To sustain it, and illustrate its applicability to the issue which it af firmatively presents, it is necessary first to consider the nature and legal character of tlie various ! charges and numerous specifications. There ate four charges and some fourteen speeiti- J cations, singularly interwoven and artistically sell- i supjsirtiug. These charges and specifications pre sent different and varying shades of imputed guilt and suggested criminality. The first charge is that the accused is “accessory before tlie fact iu stealing Government horses and j J .11 ... J.J I In the specification under this charge (four) the ' usual declarations are made, as to aiding, counte ' naneing and al»*ftiug one Kit Hardin in stealing ! -two bay hors**" and ‘ three mules," for the benefit of the accused, he furnishing money to “bribe the guard." Ac. The second charge is that the accused is “ acres I sorv after the fact to the stealing of Government I Horses and mules." Tlie five specifications under this charge are simi lar to those under the first charge, only varied to meet tlie different acts as charged. The third charge is that of “ receiving stolen pro- , perty knowing the same to have been stolen.” The specification* under this charge recite “ the j guilty knowledge in receiving the two horses aud j three mules." described in the previous charges and | specifications. The fourth and last charge is “ larceny.” The specification under this charge is that the ac cused received three mules, knowing them to have been stolen—of Kit Hanlin. This Kit Hardin, strange to say. is the “ chief cook and bottle wash er" in procuring this prosecution, under influences, bribes and threats, which will fully appear if this prosecution proceeds to the hearing of the evi dence. I have thus succinctly enumerated the substance of the charges and specifications for the purpose in limine of ascertaining the legal bearings of tlie issue raised by the plea. To perfect the legal analysis, it is proper to recollect that there is not one single feature iu the entire record which tends to disclose, by the remotest implication, that the imputed offences, or the civil and individual relations of the accused, either to the Government of the United States, or to the army, or to tlie military system of 1 lie Federal Government, or to the department of Gen eral Terry, of right imparted jurisdiction to this honorable Commission. Am 1 mistaken in this !— Who is the accused ? He is declared in every spec i Ucation *• to be a citizen of Virginia." If a citizen of Virginia, is he not necessarily a citizen of tlie United States ? If a citizen pf the United States, why is he here to-day ? What military order has lie broken t What martial precept lias lie violated ?— How, as a private citizen of the United States, can he be arrested by military orders and tried by a Military Commission? it surely will not be con tended by the able and liberal Judge-Advocate, who conducts this prosecution, that P. Wescott is now here arraigned under these charges and specifica tions because he is “a citizen of Virginia." Xo sum urguimrui m m, i am puivt w »vm» .. will it l«e contended that, though he is a citi/.eu ol the United States, yet he must meet these charges as a susjieeted citizen, because Virginia is a military department of the United States!— Such an argument would at once fail under the burning light of truth, recognized, sanctioned and ratified by the Federal Government, that \ ir ginia has in full auil perfect operation all of her courts, civil anti criminal. Nor < an it be contended that this ease is an exceptional one in its character, either iu the person charged or the offence imputed. All sueli arguments must fail when challenged by the solid facts in the record, as stated by the Gov ernment To steal "Government property is no higher or greater offence than to steal individual property. There is uo higher or greater guarantee thrown around United States horses under guard than there is around State or individual property.— Where the offence is committed by a citizen, on V ir ginia soil, no military or Federal court can take cognizance of the ease to the prejudice of Virginia courts. Any such doctrine, if carried out. will tend to alienate, chafe and unhinge public confidence.— It is its erroneous in its conception as it is danger ous in its tendency. The sooner it is exploded the better for the whole country. if, then, uo army regulations, no military orders, no camp duties, have lieen violated—if no offence in its grade and character obnoxious to military dis cipline, or in violation of army regulations, is im puted—whv, I ask, is this most worthy and resected citizen here to-day ? If the civil aud criminal courts of Virginia are now iu unrestricted operation, how is it that a citizen or Virginia, thus charged, is here now arraigned ' These are fearlnlly pregnant ques tions. The answer made in your resolution will reaeli, for weal or woe, far down into the vitals of our national polity, aud may operate, sadly or bene ficially. long after all present shall "sleep the sleep of death.” There is a vital issue underlying this question which will not cease to operate, in its moral, judicial and national bearings, with the ending of this case .is here now presented. Wescott—an honest man. a rejected citizen, but a victim of hired detectives and a recognized felon—may fall, or leave this room an acquitted man; but, in any event, the result of this plea, now to be decided, will rest embalmed iu the history of these painfully trying times, a land mark Ibrthe historian and a warning or encourage ment to future generations. These are no idle words, littered for present efleet. They si>eak for the past and will be echoed in the future. " Times may change and we change with them;” but great prin ciples—sacred rights—eau never die. They may be buried, but their vitality is not destroyed—they Iml re|K>sc. to Is* railed forth with renewed power when, in the provide.ee God, they are needed to arouse a slumbering people »ntl re..uiupate a dormant na tion ! ... What more dear, what more sacred, what more valuable to man. as lie stands forth in the image of his maker, than the light of trial by a jury of the vicinage, when his tile, or lilierty, or character is at issue ’ i.et the history of the world answer; it comes as a messenger i'roin the dead, and in tones lwt to be misapprehended or misapplied—answers. nothing. What is life without liberty I What is personal liberty without Mm shield of constitutional and abiding guarantees 1 I hope this honorable Commission will pardon these plaiu, practical questions. I am here to rea son, not to declaim. 1 am here to plead for the hal lowed relics or the past, not to dally with the pas sions and prejudices of the present. I am here to hold up the olive branch of peace, not to sport with the smouldering embers of well nigh extinguished feuds. 1 am here to invoke the wisdom and emulate the patriotic deeds of the noble founders of this great country, and not to irritate the feverish abra sions oil the body politic. I am here, with your aid. eonntenauee and support, to extinguish the pas sions. allay the prejudices, soften the asiieiities and elevate the aspirations of the whole people, by seek ing to strike down and forever obliterate those jioints of judicial aud military polity, which I fear are too often presented as barriers to a cordial State aud Federal, military and popular re-union, tin sueli a mission 1 feel assured that I have your cor dial sympathy. Let ns, then, reason together. What are the legal and constitutional relations which this honorable Commission sustains to the Government it represents ? And what are the du ties, limitations and |>owers resulting from that rela tion 1 Why are you now sitting here ! By whose authority ? And from whence the authority of that superior"? Ba.4on the seeming liberty of these questions; they hav« a practical bearing on the very issue presented ijg the pica now tinder consideration. If you will examine the thirtieth section of chap ter seventy-five of the third session of thirty-seventh Congress. March 3d. 1«63. you will discover the leg islation of Cong tees delegating power to courts mar tial and military commissions. Is it under this law the authority to try the accused is claimed ? 1 should think’not. There is now “ no war. rebellion, i or insurrection" contemplated or provided tor in that act. This is admitted and fully recognized by the Federal Government. How otherwise are the civil ;mu i iuiniiat wr ** ’ -“ ~ to or couuecfed with the army. 1 As officers, individually you are related to the army of the United States, through your commis sion’s. As a military commission, you have a double relation to the Government, that of officers and com- i missioners. Your commissions as officer, ijo not au thorize you to try any one, even in the army.— Your power and authority as commissioners is de rived from the orders organizing the board. Now what are those orders! Do they, or can they em power you to violate the constitution of the United States f I)o they authorize you to encroach upon the recognized civil polity of the State ? Do they create vou a power beyond and above the laws of the l*n’d ? Are you acting under military law, or martial law, or both ? What is military law? De Hart, page 16. well says—“ Military law is that branch of the laws i which respect military discipline and the govern ment of persons employed in military service. It is not exclusive ol the common law, for a w-idigr does not cease to be a citizen—on the contrary, lie is a citizen still, capable of performing the duties of such, and amenable to the jurisdiction of the civil courts foe iiis acts or conduct in that capacity. It is, in fact, a rule, super-added to the ordinary law; for regulating the citizen in his character of sol- 1 dier.” What is martial law7 Pe Hart, page J1, *a>'e— 1 *• It must be understood, however, that the term 1 martial law has a different interpretation from that of military law. Military law. as has been stated above, is a rule for the government of military per sons only; but martial law is understood to be that state of things when, from the force of circum stances, the military law is indiscriminately applied to all persons whatsoever.” This distinction is thus expressed by a writer on military law—“Martial law exteuds to all persons military law to all military (icrsons, but not to those in a civil capacity.”—Hough on Courts Martial, i»age 384. ‘ From these authorities jt is manifest that this case does not fall, and cauuojt bv embraced, in any part of your commission proper. whetlier you act under the military or martial law. or laith. The accused is not a military person. The offence is not a niili itarv oflenee. to justify the application of the law military these two things must concur. Nor can martial law touch this case in thejiresent relations 1 of State, Federal and military matters. “Martial 1 law extends to all (arapns.” It is known to this court that martial law does not and cannot prevail in a limited, partial, self-selecting manner. It is an < absorbing and exacting law. It repo.-w-a'in the cu- i liglrteued conscience, or fulminates in the turbid passion-, *4 the officer in command. It abnegates I all civil law. and expands or contracts at the will of 1 him who proclaims it, it cannot bo said that any 1 such law prevails in Hicbhvjnd or Virginia. Such a 1 law is not in the head or heart of the General in i command. His wisdom, as well as his virtues, would repudiate such a law thus enforced. 1 But Wsides all this, it is known to this court that t the civil courts arc in lull operation. The criminal 1 courts are all open. The way is clear for the most 1 prompt aud effective administration of criminal and e civil justice. :i What then is the ground, under these authorities. 1 on which jurisdiction^ In this cast' can be success- s fullv maintained? Under what order? By what s authority I Weecott, in the specifications, is Ue- e flared to be "a citizen of Virginia”—U nowhere al- I leged to he connected with the army, or hi guy 1 manner amenable to its jurisdiction. Your power c i.t not judicial. It is purely military. In war. the c military law often prevails, to the entire exclusion b or suppression of the civil law. But. when peace p returns, the civil authorities prevail, with a retro- n active force, and what was done under martial law li is reviewed and punished by the judicial power.— c This principle was fully illustrated in the celebrated case of General Jackson and Judge Hall, in the war g >r 1812. The Heiiera! after proclamation of mar :iai law in New Orleans, arrested a man. Judge Hall awarded a writ of habeas carpus, and was about lo discharge him. tiemral Jackson arrested the Judge and sent him l>eyond the lines. This was luring active hostilities. Peace soon came, i lie Judge returned and resumed his seat, and lined IJeneial Jackson one thonsaud dollars which the [leneral paid, thus acknowledging the abiding and continuing vitality of the civil and judicial i*>wer, mil v biding to its retroactive energies. , 1 cite this example to illustrate the great |princi ple. which lias always and ever must prevr.il on the .Vmeriean continent, that the judicial power is and will always be, as a general rule, superior to the military power. And here, I may be pardoned for saying, most respectfully, that 1 never had any sympathy with, or confidence in that barbarous maxim, •*Silent leges inter arma," Some forty years tgo, (lie State of New York had an eloquent, able iml fearless representative in Congress, by the name if Storrs. who, in a spirited debate on a topic some what kindred to this, exclaimed, in tlio House of Representatives, “These words find fell lrom the dastard lips of the coward Cicero.'whilst playing sy ophant to the Dictator fVsar.” There is as much force and beauty in this bold exclamation as thore is patriotic fervor and elevated conceptions of con stitutional liberty in the sentiment. There is a law so supreme in its authority, so ex acting in its inhibitions, so far reaching and perva sive in its provisions anil seriate policy—I, of course, mean the Constitution of the United States—that its L-oinmands should silence into awe all men, and this law settles this question. It guards the citizen by throwing over him the “panoply of its folds.'’ while it restricts and specifically limits all delegated pow ers in courts—military anil civil—and in legislation. I will not cite it» various provisions hearing on this plea; they are doubtless familiar to this court. 1 isk, does not that instrument—as this case is pre suited by the Judge-Advocate—secure to the accused .» regular trial in the civil courts! Does it not ex pressly inhibit this commission in plain, nninistak ible terms from thus arraigning and trying the ac •used ? Why were tlio civil courts opened, if the ac ■usedis to be thus arrested for a civil offence, with out complaint on oath : without a warrant; incarce rated without an examination: kept secret: shut in from his friends, and now here arraigned before a Military Commission, to be tried without the formali zes and guards of the law ou charges—not one of which lias been sworn to? If the courts are in full ajieration, and all felonies tried in those courts, and not here, why is this ease here ! What lias the ae •useil done to he thus separated from all others, and bunted down by detectives, whose names are not on Zic list of witnesses, and the chief witness against liim a declared and admitted felon oil every specul ation under the charges 1 What has he acoom lilished, as charged, he, a mau who bears a rood character with ail who know him, that inch a worthless character as Kit Hardin, proclaimed in each specification as a worth ess, depraved, degraded thief, shall be su borned by bribes and intimidated by threats to •anse liis arrest and incarceration l»y the Military mthorities—denied a preliminary examination while any morning the Mayor of the city could ind would have examined him and remanded or Uncharged him ? It cannot be tlmt the eivil courts ire distrusted in this case, when all others are ex imined bv them ? 1 should he sorry to think so. Hie way was and is now open liotoic tlie civil aii horities for a full, immediate auil speedy trial. And ret lien* he is—u military prisoner, or no prisoner at ill. Why is this I Why take jurisdiction of this •use, and" none other ! 1 have presented this plea in good faith. I have, inder every disadvantage, in great haste, prepared :lds imperfect argument. The Judge Advocate <novvs and will appreciate the disadvantages and nirry under which I have been compelled to prepare this "brief argument, amid the most pressing ami per plexing professional engagements, having but one light to consider the matter. I have endeavored to treat the subject matter plainly, candidly and impartially. I have too much‘respect for each member of this hoard to sock :o Hatter them, or attempt to mislead them. They, ike myself, are citizens of a great and common mnutry, destined, if wisdom attends the people and mlightcus our rulers, to be the home and pride ol •ountless millions of happy. pros|ierouB. hopeful poo pie. But if we are influenced by passion and waved by prejudice we may fear the worst, and des pair" of the republic. We are safe—the peope will prosper, and the whole country soon recover all the losses of tlie past, if there is peace and mutual eon idence, harmony and reciprocal action in all the carious departments of the tlovornment. Let. not :he military power seek to subvert, the judicial pow ;r. With this view, under such impressions, I have lied this plea. It only seeks to separate, under tlie 'onstitution. the judicial from the military an hority. This accomplished, we shall have lilted up, lerlin’ps, the deepest chasm between the lately dis ifleeted sections of the Union. In this spirit the dea is tiled. I hope it will be received and con lidered in the same spirit. The licensed has no four ,f confronting his foes here or in the civil courts.— All he desires is a trial under the laws as t hey exist, .1. H. (ill.MKi:. I’lie llygeiiie Condition of the t'ily—The Aiqiroacb el'Cholera —Itei oiniiicinlalioo-. ol'llie Academy ol‘ Medicine. /'> the Mayor unit ('intnt'il ol the • Hy <lt llirh ni i ni it: • tlKNTi.KMEN—The lucmlters <d' the Iticlonond Academy <d' Medicine, being deeply impressed with lie importance of preparing the city for the probu de advent of cholera during the ensuing spring and ;uminer, beg leave, in their corporate capacity, very -e-peetfully to urge upon your honorable body the uloption and execution of the following sanitary ■ecomnicndations. AA’hatever differences of opinion may exist as to lie mode of propagation of the disease, all uie igreed upon the one important fact that its extent tud mortality are exactly proportioned to the ini inrities engendered by a crowded and mixed pnpu ation. The lirst great object, tlierefore, should he o secure a thorough cleansing of the city and its subnrbs. ... For this purpose we suggest the following plan: Have the city divided into a large number if districts, and to each district let one physi cian and one |s>liee oflieer be assigned as a sanitary Committee, tlrnnt to these commit ecs discretionary powers to visit every domicil Hid every part of nil premises within their resj. ivo districts, and give notice to the ovvueis or occu piers or property of all nuisances and all snnrees ol lisease they may lind. and reipiirc them to he abat-sl ,r removed within twenty-four hours, and in the •vent of their failure to do so, to have it done by tie •ity aiitholitles. the exponses, in all cases, to he col eeted from the parties to whom notice had been riven. Make it the duty of these Sanitary Committee- t.. liake their house to house visitations not less than Mice a week, and oftcuer when circumstances seem a require it. Coni|H*l the owners or occupier- of iropertv to have lime or other disinfectants spread iherally over all places likely to emit noxious exlin ations. and where the parties are not able Jo pay for t. it should lie provided at the exjiense of the city. I'o encourage the general use ot lime, it -liotibl he ,ought at wholesale by the city authorities, and de posited in different parts of the city, where it would je furnished to the citizens at cost. Enjoin it upon the Sanitary Committee to ‘Xamipp with care the back buildings ot (-yen he best premises, with the view of ascertaining lie number of their occupants; their means of inhsistence, and their general mode of living.— AA'lien too much crowded they should be provided ,vi»h other quarters. Persons should be required to deposit in barrels or >oxes all decomposable animal and vegetable mill ers, and have them ready to be hauled away; and his should be done as often as possible, but certain v not less than twice or three times a week. For hi- purpose carts should he sent round at stated iu ervals. Wood and coal allies, although offensive h> the >ye, are not sources of impurity; and, l*> the extent ,f their alkaline and absorbent properties nt least, nay be considpryd 4s atiposphepc disinfectant-.— rhe additional exjiense of removing such, deposits ihould not lie unnecessarily imposed upon the own •rs or occupiers of property. Special attention should he paid to the water •auses of disease in all localities. Moisture is an -ssential element in tiie generation of tin* cholera toison; hence the importance of a thoroughly trained surface in every part of tin- city. Tiie use of disinfectants should lie insisted on rcuerally; and of tiiese the different preparations if lime arc the ehoa|>ost, tiie most convenient, mil the most etticient. i.'uick lime for outdoor and he chlorides for indoor purposes should be furnished 0 those who are not aide to procure them. The iming and thorough ventilation of cellars and i&sements should tie insisted on, as the disease is isuall.v most rife in such situations. Special attention should lie paid to tiie sewers in •verv part of the city. and. when not already done, iteps should at once be taken to prevent tiie exhala ions front their oja-nings from being diffused lirough the atmosphere. Tiie stench traps should k> frgn'ippjly and carefully examined and cleansed, mil their impurities averted by a live use ot liiuc ibout tiie ojienings. In view of the advent of such a disease as cholera, 1 thorough cleansing of the city is important, not inly as a humane duty, but as an act of just and ils-raI economy. The prevention of a disastrous ■polemic by an entire purilicatiou of the atmosphere if the oily vijl compensate Ml fold, in o,tr l otnmcr •ial and business relations, for tiie money expended n attaining that object. Whether, then, as a mc.i atre of health, or. as a mete matter ot dollars and •ents. we can but reiterate ottr advice to cleanse, lea use, cleanse! Should tiie disease unfortunately make its ap|tear uice in our uiidat it will tieenine the d-ity of the •onstituted nuthiifiLic* to make some provision for inch of tiie sick as know not the comforts of a home, t lias tieen proved by e\|icrience that the crowding ogether of patients in large hospitals is attended vitli the most unfortunate results Tiie time lost md the exertion used in conveying patients to dis ant (mints almost certainly ennse a fatal terinina ■jon of the disease; lienee the importance of having nooses set apart in central portions of each district, with accommodations, including medicines and nedieal attendance fora limited numlierof patients. The condition of the negro population should be a object of special attention. The propensity of ne groes to live in filthy crowds is proverbial; and their itter indifference to the early approaches of disease, s equally notorious. This crowding together should, berefore, be prevented as far as|>ossible: and, when t becomes a necessity, the prompting of humanity nggesw iMi they should lie visited from day to day iy an intelligent physician, ii( order to enquire into heir sanitary condition, and qiake provision for heir wants, lu this way the spread of the disease ind its consequent mortality may be much diiuin slied. In every fatal epidemic, tiie occnrrenre of a few ases is so rapidly multiplied by irresponsible rumor hat » paiiia in the public mind is at once created, 'lie only way to avoid or tq (iiqdify such panics is to eep the public accurately and reliably informed of very case of the disease as it occurs. To withhold II truthful information nnder sucli circumstances, is j magnify the evil in public estimation. To avoid uch groundless alarm, then, we would res|iectfully uggest the enactment of an ordinance requiring very physician in the city, under a proper penalty ir neglect of duty, to re|«irt to the President of the oard of Health every case of cholera ho may be iljed on to visit, giving the date of attack, the lo ility of its occurrence, and, as soon as possible, its •riuination when iu death, A synopsis of these re arts should be published in a daily bulletin, at leu-t util the existence of the epidemic is fairly eatab she<l. The same requirement should be made in tlw ise of ail diseases calculated to create public alarm. In conclusion, we beg leave to urge upon you Un rest importance of doing promptly whatever is to . --• In* done. Now is the accepted time, and now is the day of salvation. If jiostponed until the advent of the disease, it will he too late to effect any good*— To commence at aach a time the cleansing of the city, would probably only add fuel to the lire. Com mence. then, without delay, and prosecute your work vigorously until it ia completed. To assist, by* every possible means, the accom plishment of the sanitary measures above recom mended, the members of’the ltichmond Academy, individually and collectively, hereby tender to your honorable bodv tlieir gratuitous services. ’JAslES BOLTON. M. 1).. FBANCIS B. DEANE. M. D.. JOHN \. CI NMNOHAM. M. !>.. Committee on the presentation of the report to the Common Council. Communication I'roiii ilic Hoard of Health. Kichmonu. April !•. 1*W>. To the Council of the City ,,f Jlii hmonil: Oknti.fmkn : We would call vour attention to the necessity of immediate action in cleansing the streets and alleys of the city. A report asking that the city carts sbuiiiu at once be. employed iu that way, lias already been made to the Mayor. Be lieving that tlu* number of carta and hands at pre sent employed by the city is entirely inadequate for the pur|K>se. we would urgently recommend the em ployment of an additional number. We have care Inlly ins|iecto(l the streets ami alleys ol the city, and we feel the importance and necessity of prompt ac tion on the part of the city authorities. Furthermore, we would suggest that the police force lie empowered and required to inspect every house and the premises attached, and to notify the occupants that the debris anil offending matter is to be removed at once, and at their own expense. Si milar notices should be given to the owners of va cant houses and lots where nuisances exist. And the police force should be required to open the water plugs once a week, so as to wash out the gutters.— The Chief-of-Police can arrange it. so that two days a week shall be assigned to each ward. We would suggest that some protection he offered the community by the enactment of measures which will prevent the overcrowding of tenements. The opening of sewers requires attention. They should in all cases (both public and private) be sup plied with what ant termed “stench trajis." \Ve would recommend that, when the openings of the public ones require cleansing, and the sand and rubbish which cause the obstruction are thrown out. it slionld be hanlod off at once, and not allowed (as is the ease now) to remain exposed to the rays of the sun, sending forth an offensive effluvia, creating a nuisance of a most serious character. Wo feel bound to call your attention to the condi tion of the suburbs of the city. A conference of a committee of your body with the proper authori ties of the comity may devise some plan by which thy nuisances which now exist immediately beyond the city limits may be removed, anil the creation of them prevented in future. We are of tlu* opinion that the restrictions imposed upon the eitiaeifa of allowing the water used for washing, containing soap-suds, to tlow into the gutters, should bo removed. Where there are no cul verts the glitters are the proper places, and they should be encouraged to turn their hydrants loose Ml! asm'll linn; ill H'l a-u vmi any vucuam matter. The city once cleansed, we believe that the effi. eieut enforcement of the ordinances will, in a great measure, ward oil the danger of nil epidemic.— Kvery citizen is interested in this matter,and we lie lieve they will extend a cheerful co-operation in any measures you may adopt calculated to prevent a pestilence.' While there have been a number of eases of sinall-pox, there has been no epidemic, and the approach of warm weather lesseus the fears of an extension of that disease. Wo ask that an ordi nance may be passed requiring the Superintendents of the various cemeteries aronnil the city to furnish this Hoard, on the lirst of each month, a tabular statement of the number of interments in their re spective grounds for the preceding month, with the name of the disease supposed to have caused death, the sex, age and color of the persons buried, in or der that a continued report may be made to your body. We suggest that a city scavenger may at once he appointed, in order tint the provisions of the ordi nance passed March 12, ltififi, establishing a llontd of Health, may be effectually carried oyt. llespectfully, P. W. HANCOCK. President Hoard of Health. Tlie Case uf Mr. Davis. The Washington Correspondent of the Philadel phia Ledger, whose opinion seems to In- concur red in by the Washington letter-writers generally, says: The Supreme Court having adjourned, trials by court martial having been abandoned, and there being no present probability of convicting Davis be fore a civil court, the President, it. is freely rumored, lias about com hided to order his release on parole. Mr. Stephens is reported to have expressed the conviction that lie would lie “ released.” a ml, as Mr. S. has just held a long interview with the Pres ident. it is not unlikely hul what lie is foreshadow ing the event. In this connection I will say that a most important aigiinicnt. covering eighty printed pages, has lieeu received by t lit- President I'm in London, in which are set forth the reasons why Davis cannot lie convicted in any court of'the crime of treason. The ground gone over dates trom the foundation of the (invent tnent—includes tlie - Bights of the States” as then understood—the action of New York, Pennsylvania. Virginia, Massachusetts, and the States in accepting the Con-titiftion, and tin* opinions of Washington. Cislier Ames, Hamilton. Webster, Kllsworth, Unfits King. Davie, Spetirer. Madison, .lay, Ilandolph. franklin. Tench Cox, .lames Wilson and Chief Jus tice McKean, of Penn. The purport of the opin ions of these honored dead, as showing the sover eignty of the States, and which the barrister who scuds' to the President tlie argument gives in detail, may be summoned up in the remark of Wilson in the Penn. Convention of 'N7. “ Upon the existence of the Stale L'overnments depends the existence of the federal plan. The supreme, absolute and uncontrollable power is in the people before they make a Constitution, ami re mains in them after it. is made. ’ * * * My po sition is, that tlie absolute sovereignty never goes ,from Ihe people." [Correspondence of tlie Baltimore ttun.J ICveciiliou of 'lie CmU ItleIiIs law—The :i|>i><>inf liielil of Jmtges anil tlirir tills fiiilcr It lioliaiia olid Illinois In Test I lie l.n w—Conlliet nf Military ainit'ivil Jiirisdiclion in So mil Carolina. Xc. WASltiMiToN, April !t.—The civil rights law. which is about to take effect, will, as lawyers gener ally state, execute itself, through the federal courts, in like milliner with the fugitive slave law. The President will have nothing t" do with its execution, except in the appointment, of United States district Judges. Some of these are already appointed: others ivill be in the course of the year. Tile Judges will appoint their aids, and will see that they do not iip|H>int improper persons. The President must take rare that he does not select men lor Judges who would utilise their power to s|ierillate, like fiiited States cotton agents, upon the necessities or apprehensions of tlie citizens of the States whore tlu lu w is to lie executed. The lirst section of the law goes into ettect at once, declaring who are citizens of the I’nitcd States. This law will remain in force, of course, until it is either repealed or pronounced bv the United. States Supreme Court to be unconstitutional, neither of which contingencies are likely to rise very soon. How ever, the ease will lie made in Indiana or Illinois, under their State laws, which prohibit the immigra tion of negroes into those States, or their residence there. Bill these State laws will, no doubt, be so modified as to comply with the federal law. A serious conlliet of jurisdiction has occurred be tween the State courts of South Carolina and the ihilitiiry jurisdiction, under <icner.il Sickles. I lie courts have sentenced white men, convicted of larce ny, tube punished with stripes iiudertlic old criminal ei>de of South Carolina. Ueneral sickles forbade the execution ol tho sciiteuee, for the reason that it was abhorrent to tlie ideas of philanthrophy and usages of modern civilization. Tlie Circuit Courts of the State have, therefore, it appears, declined to try criminals at all. The President is appealed to by the State authorities to countermand Hen oral Sick les' order. It appears from the House vote to-day on the pas ei.fhij Kill aimp (In* I' head, that the conservatives have gained three rotes since the first passage of the hill, lids is encourag ing, for the .Senate lost three votes. Iota. Tlie Last of Military Law. The Aleraudria UttsrUe, noticing the departure from that city of five of its citizens for confinement in the Penitentiary at Albany, whither they were sent under a conviction by a Military Commission, says: •* A minor that the ‘ Christmas riot’ prisoners had been sentenced and were to he sent off had been cir culated through the city, and towards the hour for the live o'clock Washington train to start, a large crowd, including many ladies, had collected at the upper end of Duke stieet to witness their departure. We will not attempt to express the feelings excited in all the spectators of this sad ending of at most a Christmas frolic, hut the appearance of Bve residents uf this city, horn and raised hew. and known to all our old citizen? as honest and upright young men. manacled together with iron handcuffs and carried through the street in charge of a military guard, af ter the issue of the peace proclamation, was sufficient i canse for anxiety to all. The sobs and cries of some of the ladies were painfully andihle, and thy tilings of one were so acted npou that she tainted and fell upon the streets.” The l liolera ni Halifax—The fni>tniii<s state ment. ^ Hai.ika.x, April 9th.—The captain of the steamer England reports that, on Tuesday the first case of cholera occured, since which time one hundred and ; sixty more cases have broken out and fifty deaths 1 occured. She was ordered ofT by the Government, hot. owing to tlie rapitl spread tu the disease, and the engineer.-, buiftg rick, it was found impossible to pro ceed. .She now lies iielow the light house. Part of the passengers will he placed on hoard tlie hospital ship, and shanties will be erected on the beach. a There will he no communication ]>crmitteil with the ship. The authorities are doing all in their ! power to relieve the unfortunate passengers. There i are three doctors to look afterthesiek. The steamer has 1.202 passengers and n crew of 100. The pas-on sengers principally German and Irish. The captain thinks that the disease was brought on board by the - German patwcnguio. Visit ot E.x-Presidext Brett ax ax.—The venera ble ex-President Buchanan has been spending a day or two in ourcitv. the guest of ex-Govemor David 1 B. Porter. On 1 hursday evening all of the demo cratic members of the Legislature, with numbers of our citizens, paid their respects to the distinguished Statesman of Wheatland, and throughout Friday many of our most eminent citizens called to shake the hand of the venerable ex-President. During the * evening he was visited by the democratic members ‘ of the Senate, and by a large number of jirominent gentlemen from abroad now in this city. Mr. Bnch anau enjoys remarkable health for a man of his years.—llarrisburg Union. Brig. Gen. Rncker, late of|the Confederate army. " was arraigued in the United States Circuit Court, »t Memphis, on Gth instant, on a charge of treason, mu field in #IO,l|tgi hail to answer at the next r term of court. The fnneral car which bore the remains of Mr. Lincoln to Springfield. Illinois, and which cost the j averment m arly twenty thousand dollars, is to l« mid on the 10th iust. The Forrest Traardy. The Memphis Argux of the 3.1 instant gives the following version of the killing of a negro by (Jen oral Forrest: A letter has been published from A. M. H'Midereon K.-sp, a well known citizen of this city, which gives a detailed account of a fatal encounter between (Jcnerul Forrest and a negro man. on bis plantation in Mississippi. The circumstances are briefly these: The General, on reading some paper that a case of Asiatic,cholera had occurred recently at Mobile, went to the negroes, who were in the midst of a holiday play, and told them of this case of cholera, advising them, at the same time, to drain off'some stagnant pools of water in the vicinity. They all agreed to the propriety of the suggestion, and went at the work most cheerfully. At this juncture Thomas Kihvanls, a negro man who had not been present during tbe conversation, came up. The General explained the matter to him. and advised him to drain some til thy (tools near his quarters.— He did not reply, but passed into Ids cabin and coin men.‘e<l abasing hf« own wife, who was confined to her bed from brutality previously inflicted ; she had been the frequent victim of his violence ever siuce they had gone to the place. The General on hear ing him commence his abuse, walked into tbe cabin and after reminding him of his course, told him that lie should not l>eat his wife any more. The ne gro replied thatlie would Is; d—d if lie did not thrash his wife whenever he pleased: that lie did not care a d—n toe General Forrest, and that he would do as he pleased,” etc., at the same time as sinning a threatening attitude and adding insulting language. Finally, the General struck him over the m ad yith a broom. The negro immediately assaulted the Geueral with a knife, wounding him in the hand. The General, in self-defence, picked up an axe which happened to be ill the cabin, and struck Kdward over tue head with it, killing him instantly. It is evident that the General, in defend ing a wife from the violence of a brutal husband, found himself in a position which reqpired that he should take the life of another to save his own.— The negroes on the plantation approved the Gener al's conduct. Ilo immediately despatched for all the citizens in the neighborhood, being particular to include Northern men, that they might sit on the Coroner’s inquest, and the affair be duly inves tigated. The Civil Bights Bill in tlir House. The vote against the passage of the Civil Rights hill, in the House of Representatives, Monday, was as follows: I Messrs. Ancona, Bergen, Boyer. Colfroth. I'awson, Denison, Kldridge, Finok, Giosshreuner, Hardin, of Kentucky, Harris, Hogan, llubbell. of New York, dames M-. Humphrey, l.atham, l.e Blond. Marshall, McCullough, Nildaek, Niekolson, Noell, Phelps, Radford, Randall, of Pennsylvania, Randall, of Kentucky, Raymond, Ritter. Rogers, Ross. Rous seau, Shanklin. Sitgreaves, Smith, Stroiiso. Taber. Tavlor, Thornton, Trimble, Whaley, Winlield and Wright—II. Mr. Ames, of Massachusetts, and Mr. Julian, of Indiana, voting yea. had paired resjiectively with Messrs. Bingham, of Ohio,.and Stillwell, of Indiana, voting nay. The absentees wore Messrs. Anderson, Rlaine. mow. i nannier. i mver. I’riggs. i nnioni lioouyear, I!rider, Dennis H11I1I1 ird, Jr.. Johnson, Jones, Kerr, Kuykendall, Sloan, Warner and Williams—17. The only members elected as Unionists or Repub licans, who voted agaiu.-J the bill on its linal pas sage, were: Messrs. James M. Humphrey and Henry •I. Raymond, of New York; Thomas E, Noell, of Missouri: Charles U. I’helps of Maryland; L. II. Rousseau. William II. Randall, and Green Clay Smith, of Kentucky: ami K. V. Whalley, of West Virginia—eight in all. The N/rtionai Tntrlligenrrr of yesterday says: It was considered by the managers of the dia blerie of the Star-Chamber conclave in Congress tlcil tin- slale thing of passing the civil rights bill in the House should lie accompanied by those noisy and showy demonstrations that are so often resorted to by showmen to make lip for want of heartfelt ac clamations of the people. Accordingly, Mr. Wilson, of Iowa, announced so long as Saturday that lie should move the previous ipiestion on Monday, if Hie Hausc should eonsent, at which exhibition of irony the Republican side indulged in general laugh ter. This was the prelude to usual tricks and ar rangements of politicians, which were put in force throughout the Sabbath, to procure a large attend ance of the faithful to respond to the spectacle on yesterday. As per schedule, all ranks, sexes, and conditions of Radical p.irtizanship were there. The superior class id' oMre-holders.and lobby men, in an excess of patriotic enthusiasm, were not to be re pressed from breaking over the barriers of privilege, to the sacred presence of the ‘‘patriots" of the popular branch. The less notable, white and black, crammed the galleries. Mr. Wilson, of Iowa, moves the iwevious ipiestion. Smue I lemon .iIs nll'cet lit Ministering o|ieru! ions—the yeas and nays an* called- -the result, is the pom-old iliingof llirec to one ol a majority for Mr. Stevens as against the President. Whereupon, as |ier pro gramme. a considerable number of persons, desig nated for Hie purpo-c. set up dicers, and waved hats and handkerchiefs with preconcerted vigor, i'irr la Ilagtflelle. Tut: Dnv Toritoas Pkisiiskrs.—'The Government transport Kli/.a lluiicox, from Galveston ontheSSil ult., touching the Florida coast, brings to Portress Mmiroescver.il discharged prisoners and news of Hr. Mmid. Vrimbl, Spangler and i'ol. Marmaduke. III. Mmid. who at one lime aUcmpcd to escape, is •dill kept under close guard, and compelled to clean out tin- bastions in the caseinates of the fort, and do Mime of the most menial and degrading work re ipiired to be done. Never very robust, he is now but little more than a skeleton, anil his growing eiuacintimi shows how bitterly bis spirit eliafes un der bis imprisonment. Ilis constant prayer is for dentil. Arnold is euiploycil.iis clerk of Captain Van Kendo, post adjutant. He is an uncommonly lino penman and accurate nceonntant. and well behaved and modest and yielding in bis demeanor, lie grows in usefulness and popularity each,day. A glpudattends him to Ids meals, w hich are the sumo as the other prisoners’, and at night lip is kept in close custody. Spangler is at work in theiiiiartermaster’searjieiiter shop. Already he hegins-to count the years, months ami days remaining to complete his term of impris onment. He is robust ami jolly—a physical condi tion lie attributes, however, solely to his being inno cent of any partieipaney in the dreadful crime charged against him. o i olomd Marmaduke, found guilty of the noted conspiracy to free the prisonoiw at Gamp Douglas and imrn Chicago, Inis charge of the post garden. In respect to manual labor he has an easy time. The General Convention of the Methodist Episco pal Church South commenced its session in New iirlcans on Tuesday. The attendance of represen- : (stives from the- South is large, and includes sot^e of ihe oldest pati^irchs known in the deupfiiination, as well as its most inlluential preachers. The King of Portugal made Mr. Slidell's daughter i.hc Baroness d'Eil.iuge.r. by conferring a patent of nobility mii lief litishund. Ten thousaud of the best agricultural laborers of Madeira are anxious to emigrate to the United States. The Upper House of the New Brunswick Parlia ment lias passed resolutions favoring the Mui-bec plan id' confederation. The crown Princess (J »'«-nssia. Victoria’s eldest In lighter, is again in an interesting condition. The Brunswick family immaterially aiding to populate (lie world: lint so many little royal dears are very •ostly. The ipiestion of a separate State Government for East Tennessee is being strongly agitated in that section of the country. The Texas State Convention has closed its session | ind sent live member* to convey the results of their deliberation* to Washington. George Peal,iody. Esii., the London banker, will sail on the I nt h inst. lor the United States. A daughter of " Duke" (twin was recently mar ried in Paris to a St. Louis nutn. A clergyman in Carrollton jlll.j. ia reported to have said before his eoitgrcgnUon. ’• ! pray to God lo raise another lioo',li to, remove the iuiipiity from i Llit-’ I H-M'lL 1.1,1.11 *. 11.Ill. I A fmiou northev Is reported to have prevailed j tvithin the past fow days off the coast of Texas. A number of persons at Corpus Christi were drowned. SOUTHERN I. AN I) AND MINING 1 0 OFFICE. I ATKINSON, TEN EYCK A CO., Main Stkfkt, « bound door a nova Epihth, Boy and sail ..n cnmuii-sloQ all description* of Real ' Estatb, Mink* ok Coal, Lead, Copper, etc., (Darkies, Ki kx.u k*, .M;i,.s auJ Watku-I’uwkk*. bti'L.d Estates explored and mapped out. No charge for Registration. | tien.-nil Agency of Wilder's Rvi.amaxdsK Sakks, i vhich aloud lhe test in onr great tire, i s.de Agency of I ooke's ,,Aa,,iiojli ite.i t'hos]ihatic 1 inano,” carefully m;tm;factured from Peruvian and i Civil--1, linely . ..asinmilled and perfectly dry. it con- i nine eight per cent, of auttilonia. Its quality is anar- i intend to he nbiform. It is preferred by planters to i 'o. 1 Pernvian. It is highly recotituvpiuieJl by Prof, ieliig, of Bnltlinore, and Kraft, of New York,to whose iiialy-es we invite attention. VIRCilNlA l. A NILS WANTED. I •II 11 JOHN M. PRICE, 'J FORWARDING AND C O M M I S S I (> N MERCHANT, ] No. "7 Water Street, NEW York: 4? ’ Will RF.MOVE, on April 1st, to fi.l Liberty street. mh24-dAcTAF4w DURE NORTHERN SEED POTATOES.— 1 We have constantly on hand and for sale, in lots to nit, llie following varieties of d’oTATOBS, grown in iorthern New York, and warranted pure seed : KAKI.Y WHITE SI'Ri>BTS, EARLY DVKEMAX8 i early buckeyes seedling mkr< krs { MONITORS, PEACH BLOWS PRINCE ALBERTS, Ac., Ac. Orders from the South will receive prompt attention. Consignment)! of early FRPITSand VEGETABLES nd other Produce solicited. , REFERENCES —Dre'xel A Co., Bankers, Philadel- j ilia; Dare, Sproston A. Co., Baltimore; Isaac .leans A o., Philadelphia : L. Julies A Co., Baltimore; Silkman : Minor, New York. STEPHEN COX A CO., mi)6-!avr4\Y 236 N. Wharves Philadelphia. urOUNT YERNON M'KSKBY, J PPOX THR 0R10IXAI. WASHINGTON ESTATE, Twenty thon-and Apple Trees, and a great variety of rnit, itrnaiuental and Shade Trees and Shrubs for sale Kl For full catalogues, applv to the subscriber, Post B Itice Box :to2, Alc.vand.iia, Virginia, or »1 the nnrsery C. GILLINGHAM, p OKU. WATT A CiL, Agent, dee9-w4m Franklin street, Richmond, Va. )t\ PACKAGES MOUNTAIN BUTTES n l.'i package* family LARD tl 2,i*si pounds family BACON j For sale by mb.it KHE.VCH A CRENSHAW. l ft • !, ASSKS.—A i. w hbgshfthfh very choice !* VI MULASSE8, suitable for retailers; good ahd com- b ion SY RDF, for sale by p ROBERT F. WILLIAMS, rnliUt No. 44 C»ry atront. f pOBACCO SEED, TOBACCO SKKD. m L Fresh Oronooo Tobacco Seed w Fresh Garden Seed Fresh Flower Seed 1st received by JOHN W. RFSON, *1 A pothveary a nd Druggi-t, m‘1't Main and Third street*, TELEGRAPHIC NEWS. Proceedings or Congress. Washington, April 10. Senate.—Mr. Trumbul^ offered a resolution in structing the Secretary of the Senate to present to the Secretary of State the bill to protect all person* in their civil right* and to furnish the mean* for thair vindication, together with the signature* of the Secretary of the Senate and the Clerk of the House, attesting that the act was passed by a two-third* vote of both house*, etc. t Mr. McDoiigal] protested that the bill had not re ceived a two-third* vote, because the State* were not fully represented in the Senate. The resolution was adopted. A resolution was passed granting the use of the Senate Chamber to Mrs. M. C. Walling, to deliver a lecture on the condition of the South, on the evening of the 17th instant. HorsK.—Mr. Monlton. from the Committee of Naval Affairs, reported resolution* authorizing Ad miral Paniding and Commodore Redford, 1'nited States Navy, to receive decorations from tin- King of Italy, which was adopted. Mr. Raymond, from the Committee of Foreign Af fairs. made a preliminary report on the subject of a resolution requesting the Secretary of the Navy to send an armed vessel to protect American fishing interest* in Canada waters. The report was in the nature of a resolution, requesting information front the President as to what steps have Iteon taken for the proteetiifn of our (idling interests in that quarter, and whether any legislation on the part of Congress Is necessary to secure that protection. The resolution was adopted. The House rejected, by three majority, the hill to establish a uniform system of bankruptcy. Washington, April 10.—'The Senate to-day con firmed all the Internal Revenue Collectors and As sessors for North Carolina. t Public Occasion in Mobile—Tribute in An drew Johnson—JefT. Davis Remembered. Mobile, April 10.—The Ward anniversary demon stration of the Fire Department took place yester day. There was great enthusiasm. After the ora tion the members of the Fire Department, the city authorities? and a few invited guests partook of a collation. The following was among the toasts offered : “An drew Johnson, the fearless patriot, the friend of those who support his policy and the enemy of those who oppose it." This was responded to by Mayor Withers, who paid a lofty trihnte to the President, and thanked Dud that such a man occupied the po Kit inn. Major Waltham, being railed on for a sentiment, said he would propny a sentiment whirl) he thought should not be omitted on any ocrasion of this kind: “ I mean no treason, nor do I mean to revive any memories of the past which ought to be buried. I simply offer the health of a distinguished gentleman. I give you, therefore, Jefferson Davis: soldier, statesman, patriot and prisoner; our tongues may be mute, but our hearts are with him." Rxritctncnt in »\v Brunswick. Fredericktown, JL B., April 10.—In the Upper (louse, this morning, the anti-confederation minority presented a report against tho resolution of Friday »nd an address to the (,hieon. The Lower House adjonrned till 3 I*. M., to-mor row, when Hie members of the Government who have iieen in consultation all day, will, it is re ported, send in their resignations. The excitement is very great. baler from Europe. Portland, Me., April 10.—Tlie steamship Bel gian, from Liverpool, the afternoon of the 20th ult., •in Londonderry 30th, has arrived. There is no la ter news, the 30th being Hood Friday. The London Times, of tho 30th, says “ there is too much reason to fear’that the peace of Europe is about to bo broken by one of the least just and uo -ossary wars of modern times." The Times heartily trusts that England may hold aloof. Several war vessels are preparing for sea at Ply mouth. It is reported that they will go to the St. Lawrence. New York Markets. New York, April HI.—Cotton declined la2r.: -ales of 950 bales at 86a37e. Flour unchanged: ■ales of 7.000 blits. Wheat heavy. Torn unchanged. Beef steady. Pork heavy at f25 50. Sugar steady. Coffheand Whiskey dnll. Hold 125}. Baltimore Markets. Baltimore. April 10.—Flonr quiet; Western ex tra. #9 25«9 50. Wheat very firm: red, 3a5e. higher. Corn scarce and higher. Oats firm. Clover Sited and Provisions dull. Sugar firm. Coffee steady.— Whiskey nominal. SPECIAL NOTICES. XT* BILLIARD TEMPLE. A RESTAURANT COUNTER Will be kept at the Billiard Temple, couimetscing THIS (Saturday) AFTERNOON. mhai-tf JOSES k GRISWOLD. IC7* SAMUEL S. COTTRELL ft CO., SADDLE AND HARNESS MANUFACTURERS, At tiikir old Stash, 129 MAIN STREET, Respeetfitlly invil»i )U*> attention of our friends and lie public to our large stock of SADDLES, HAR NESS, HRIDI.ES, Whips, Spur,, Collars, Horse Brushes, Cards, Corry Combs, Trunks, Valises, Carpet Hags, and every article in our line. REPAIRING PROMPTLY DONE. SAMI’hi. S. COTTRELL, in lit 1 -It W. NICK RF.DF0RD. iCP ROYAL HAVANA LOTTERY OF CU tA, conducted by the .Spanish Government. aab»,0isi n Gold dsaivn every 17 days. Prizes cashed and In ormation furnished. Tho highest rates paid lor Doub oons, and all kinds of Gold aud .Silver. TAYLOR A CO., Bankeis, jan3t-eod6m No. 1G Wall street, N. Y. From the army hospital—the bloody battle-field—the uausion of the rich and Ike humble abode of the >oor---from the nlfiee aud the sacred desk---from the uountain top, distant valleys ami far-otf islands of the icean—from every nook and corner of the civilized vorld--*U pouring in- tho evidence of the astonishing ffzsts of DRAKE’S PLANTATION BITTERS. Tliou ands npou thousands of letters like the following may le seen at our otllee: Rredsbi-rv, Win., Sept. 1C, IMS. * * * I hare been in tbo army hospitals for onrteen months—-speechless anil nearly dead. At Al un, Illinois, they gave me a botllo or Plantation Bit ers. * * Three bottles restored my speech and ured we. * # C. A. KLAUTE. Socth Warsaw, Ohio, Joly 2S, lf>«3. * * * young man, wh.i bad been sick and not iut 01 lbo bouse for two years with Scrofula and Kry ipelas, after paying the doctors over ♦lie without •enefit, has been cured by ten bottles of voiir Bitters. EDWARD WoUNALL. The following Is from the Managor of the Union iome School for the Children of Volunteers Uavereyer Maxsiox, Kiptt-srvextu street,/ N'ew York, August 4, 1MJ3. $ Dk. Drake: Your wonderful Plantation Bitters hare teen given to some of our little children suffering freon Veakneaa and weak lungs, witlt most happy effect, •ne little girl In particular, with pains in her h.ad, oss of appetite, and daily wasting consumptuna, on vhArn all medical skill had been exhausted, has been ■ntirely restored. We commented with tint a te.i poonful of Bitters a day. Her appetite %a4 strength apidly increased, and she Is now well. * » Renpectfuffiy, Mrs. IA M. DEVOE. * » * I owe much to yon, for 1 verily believe he Plantation liitlers have saved my life. Rev. W. H. WAGOONElt, I Madrid, New York. , * * * * The Plantation Bitters have 1 nred me of Liver Complaint, of which I was laid up irostrale, and, had to abandon my business. H. K. KIJiHHUiY, Cleveland, Ohio. » » * The Plantation Bitters have cured me if a derangement of the kidneys aed urinary organs hat has distressed me for years. It acts like a charm. , 0. C. MOORE, 2ol Broadway, New York. Ao., Ac., Ac., Ac. » * * TU<\u will send me two bottle* of thy ’lantalion Bitters. Sly wife has been greatly bennllt d by their Use. Thy friend, ASA CURIUM, l’hiladelidiht, Pa. » * * I have been a great sufferer from Dya epsia, and bad to abandon preaching. » » » The 'lantalion Bitters have cured me. Ksv. J.S. CATHORN, Rochester, H. Y. » » * I have given the Plantation Bitters to * undreds of our disabled soldiers with the most aston- I king effect. (i. W. D. ANDREW* Superintendent Soldiers’ Home, Cincinnati, Ohio. The Pi.axtatiox Bitters make the weak strong, the iguid brilliant, and are exhausted nature's great re ti orer. They are composed of the celebrated Caiisaya »rk, Wintergreen, Saaaafras, Roots, Herbs, etc., all „ •eserved in perfectly pure St. Croix Rum. si 8. T.—1mm.—X. bi Persons of sedentary habile troubled with weak- C 'ss, lassitude, palpitation of (he heart, lack ot appe- (h e, diet Teas after eating, torpid liver, voovlipellon, etc., B sserve to suffer if they will not try them. ei They are recommended by the highest medical an- oi orities, and are wlrrauted to produce an Immediate ‘neficial effect. They are exceedingly agreeable, irfectly pure aid harmless. * Any person relllling bottler, or offering to sell Pi.ax- <n itiox Bitters In balk, by the gallon, or in any man >r except as above, is a swindler and importer, with horn we shall deal as the law direefs. Sold by all respectable dealers throughout the habit- T de globe. ~ ' J P. (I. DRAKB A CO., New Yolk. myl3--eod,ly2dj> > •1 i i ' I SPECIAL V0TICE8. {CJ* RICHMOND ALE AND PORTER. c The undersigned hare just commenced brewing ALE AND PORTER, at Buchanan Spring, at the bead of Clay street, where the manufacture of these article* will be continued until their NEW BREWERY, now in course of erection, near the attc of Stearns 4 Brnmmel’s distillery;below Kncketti, Is completed. They goaraniee an article In every respect equal to an.l cheaper than the best Imported from any quarter outside the State, whether horn.* oiforeign. All orders rent through the post-oHce will be punctually attended to. Ml In BETZ, YDENiiLINC a I1KYF.R I ■ PAINTING ! PA1NTIG ' I L. L. MONTAGUE 4 80S, HOUSE. SION AND ORNAMENTAL PAINTERS, TENTH STREET, BETWEEN MAIN AND CARY, Will he pleased to receive order* from their frleodc and the public generally, for work of all kluds inthelr line. They are prepared to do HOtTSK PAfNTINO, OUZ INil, GRAINING, 4< ,!n the very beat style. Call and leave your orders, our terms shall be reasonable, aid w" to rlin t»c»Mt of work. SIGNS furnished at short notice. mb30-tr L. L. MONTAGUE 4 SOW. l’URCh.LL^ "LADD aTco" DRUGGISTS, Having recommenced business in their new house on the site of their old stand, Cokhek op Main and Tiiiktkkxtb streets, RICHMOND, VA , Are prepared to offer their usual Inducements to pur chasers. They are now receiving, and have in store a large and well selected rtqck of DRUGS, MEDICINES, CHEMICALS, PAINTS, OILS, WINDOW GLASS, FRENCH POLISHED PLATB and ORNAMENTED GLASS, INDIGO, MADDER and OTHER DYES, U( CK. BRIDGE ALUM WATER, and a general assortment of articles in '.heir line, which they offer on moat favora ble terms. Particular and prompt attention to packing and for warding order*. PURCELL, LADD 4 CO., Druggists, 122 Main street, corner of Thirteenth. mh2—tf- ^ Richiuocd. Vu. Baxki.no Hopes of Wx. B. Isaacs 4 Co., > 2>itli March, IMtti. \ JC7B NOTICE.—We are prepared to i«no VIRGINIA REGISTER BONDS In sums of ONE HUN DRED DOLLARS and its multiple for Hie cocxterskir ED notes of the Bask of ScorraviLt.*, «»r UI.D UOII5FU5, jfOITTICKLLO Bill, tt lm ;cp WE WOULD CALL THE ATTENTION of the citizens of (bis 8tate and others to the nse of RAKER'S PREMIUM HITTERS, Which all the druggists of the city of Richmond, Vir ginia, admit to be one of the most popular medicines ever before Ibe public for Ibe cure of Dyspepsia, Ner vous Headache, Colic, Pains, Dysentery and Bowel Complaints. In weak and debilitated females there la nothing to equal the ready mode that it basin strength ening the whole system, and if any medicine ever de >erved the title of a “ human comforter," it should be IUKKK’8 CELEBRATED PREMIUM BITTERS. .Since be introduction of these BiUere, which haa been about lifteen years, the proprietor haa received, in and aboat :he city of Richmond, over one thousand certificates, where it ha* made permanent cures in the above-named iisea-.es. .Should you once become acquainted with It* ■ uperior virtues In various complaints, you weuid lever be without it in your families. To be had of all permanent Drngglats in Virginia; ilso of CANBY, GILPIN A CO., Baltimore, Mary' MI1 Orders promptly tilled by addressing K. HAKKK, Prop rlelor, . ,n',2f R*»>r ,„1. Va. JCPA K R E S T I) E L A Y—P eKEUM ED Breath, 8»nnd and Healthy linns, Pear' „ white Teeth "“.St.... r„...’.““-Je-o l.y using DOW DEN'S DENTAL FUJI/,. Kecmn.en.Ud l.y Dentists and Physicians .-very w'J#re a„ alipar1or go hi- injurious compounds in os*. pr|c„ M cent*. Far •ale by all Druggi-ls. Recommended by Drs. Plea- ,,nK Woodward, Steel, Hudson, Ac., Ac., of Uichm<>n> i. Jan2-3m PBY".-oN J0IIN8T0V a KKO. HALL’S VB6KT aRLESICILIANHAUC KE.N'KWKK ha. proved ilr elfto bo the most perfecl|-re paration for the hair eve t ottered to the public. It is a vegetable corny nnnd, and contains no injin lone properties whatever. IT WILL RKSTiHi'g ORAT H AIK T>» ITS ORIGIN A L COLOR. It will keep lla- J ,a|r from filing out. It cleanses thsa scalp aild make* ,bu hnlr soft, lostroos and silken. It is % spl-nd i.j |,a|r dressing. No person, old or young, should fail lo use M. IT IS KEOii.MMK.NHKI) AND USED BY TUB FIRST MEDICAL AUTHORITY. for Hall's Vegetable Sicilian Hair Renewer, and lake no other. R. P. HALL ft CO. Nashna, If. li. Proprlelois. ForsaUby ail drnggiatc. . „ fCIP* DYSPEPSIA.— Wliat c verylexly stays must he true. We have heard Dr. Strickland’s Tonic spoken of so frequently by those w ho have been bene IIlled by It, that at last we are compelled to make it known to the public lhat we real ly believe it effects a cure in every case ; therefore, w« say to those, wh* are tuIf"ring with Dyspepsia or Nervous Debility, to goto Ihelr druggists au-l get a bottle of Dr. Strickland's r,,n,c' . . OCL3-. ly D*WO BAD CASES OP PILES LIKED BV I)K. STRICKLAND'S P1C.R REMEDY.—Mr. Ulaea, -f Janesville, Wisconsin, writes for the benefft of all who suffer wills the Piles, lhat he has been troubled or eight years with at , aggravate,! case of Piles, and its brother was di*chai.-K«nl from the army aa Incuiabl* ha being qnile paraly ged with the Piles). Both these listressing cases w. ,re CBr(,.i wilh 0IlB bot ,e Df Strickland's Pile demedy. The recommendation of hese gentlemen, b aside the daily testimonials received iy Dr. Strickland, nnght to convince those suffering hat the most aggravated chronic cases of Piles sr* :nred by Dr. S'.neklsnd's Pile Remedy. It is soU by Druggists everywhere. eoSo-ly iCpA SUPERIOR REMEDY.—Wo can con tclenttously recommend to those suferlng from aole ressing cough. Dr. Strickland’s Mellllluous Cough Bal •am. it gives relief almost instantaneous, and Is with li nid •'-ff'Hgr-ieabla to the taste. There I* no doubt but lie Mwlilduoirs Cough Balsam Is one of the best prepa rations in a so, and I* all that Its proprietor claims for t. ’-V* have tried It during the past week, and fonnd relief froio a ruo4 <]i*t rafting cough. It U prej»aie*l bjr Ur. StricW laud, No. 139 Sycamore st., Cincinnati Ohio, inti for » ale by Druggists. octSo-ly ;CF> BATCHELOR'S HAIR DYE.-The ori. glnal an<l heat in the world t The only trne and per fect Hair Dye. Harmless, Reliable and Instantaneous. Produce* Immediately a splendid Black or Nalura Brown, without Injuring the hair or skin. Remedies the 111 effects of bad dye. Bold by all Druggist*. Thu genuine is signed William A. Batchelor. Also, REGENERATING EXTRACT OP MliI.E-PI.Kt R8, For Restoring and Beautifying the Hair, CHARLES BATCHELOR, anil -if New York. EP SPECIAL NOTICE I JOHN W. BISON, (Successor to Joseph Laldley,) IPOTHECARY AND D R U 0 Q . Corner of Main and Third street* t RICHMOND, YA., las In atore a large stock of Drugs, Me diclnea, Dye itulfs, Oils and Paints, to which we inv',te the special .tteotloo of Country Merchants sod all others In want if such articles. octl«-tf CP* SADDLERY HARDWAF.E anii SAD. DLSR’S TOOLS. CLAIBORNE WATKINS, No. kj M»ln Pormerly with Sr jtth, Rhodes A Co. t Has for sale Paney’Hor«e Blankets Gentlemen’s Fine Shaherr nj pjaln Rldlug Bad dies, city mole Isidles’ Quilted Blde-Bad dies, city mads English Bridle Flllinga and Martingales Daniel's Steel Post Bits Plated Coach and Riding Snafflea Fine Hard-Solder Stirrup I roim And a general assortment of Saddlery Hardware lo rhtch I invite city and country trade. A few sets of Boggy and Ambulance Harness, which will sell low. ocf.’if CP-TO OUR FRIENDS AND THE PUBLIC. ANOTHER NEW STOCK. We are opening this day, direct from the-»,r; irers, two hundred eases of BOOTS, SHOES AND TRUNKS, JMble for the fall .nd winter tred.. * act Is eighteen hundred pairs of f Uwv» A Co’s eel. Wind Nailed and pegged BROGANS, lheh*,t n lh’ ^Ited Stales. w, consider Dan. A «o. ,h, b„t cturers in Ute world. We Uv« been ..111,,*, ogana for over twenty yeses, and they alwass wlv. tire satisfaction. We ask all in waul of K0<* Sho^ Boots to give ue a salt. PUTNEY A WATTS. ^ U1Lt’S ,IA1K 80 CENTS—Black Brown, Instantaneous. BeeL ,k — -itSffiSSSV.’JStf *“ *“•“ s«*i- ... _Blh6 \y J SHOUn'llKHS. ,,,1,;. nhljt R0B*RT P. WILLIAM, No. 44 Cary street.