THE EMIO*, THE (OHTITI 7IOS, 4ND THE EIFOSCE.TIEUT OI THE MWP. VOL. 1—NO. 22. RICHMOND, VA., APRIL 2H, 18G5._PRICE: FIVE CENTS. VISIT OF SOUTHERN REFUGEES TO THE PRESI DENT—THEIR ADDRE8B ND1 EPRfSIDINrS REPLY. A large number of r*tagees from the insurrectionary Stated a; present in Wfghington cal cd upon President Johnson Monday morning, and through Judge Under wood presented him an address. The President was ev idently profoundly moved by this demonstration on the part of those who, like himself had personally expe rienced the devilish atrocity of the rebellion and had been r ibbed of their property and driven from their .* homes fjr their loyalty to the constitution and th- in tegr ty and existjnee of the nation. VPDF.F.SS TO THE PRESIDENT. A* soon as a i whom the room would avesmodate had entered Judge Unde .wood. ? the sot-d of a trumpet and encouraged the hope that we any ere long in safety visit our desolated (arms, -ad rebuild our hou-. s in the sunny Booth. We hsve no feelings • ut those of kmdnevs foi the common people of our *>• : oa—even for those who, by physical or inoral compui-lou, or by gross deception, have been ariayed in arm-- ag linst the"cover.nment. We would not say. with Joshua ct old, “Every one whe rebels shall be pit to death but woe to the wicked leaders who. though baf tied, are ni ther humbled nor subdued, whose arrogance and treason are as dangerous to us and to the country as ever. We thank you for declaring that these great rimina s must be punished. The'treat Author of na ture and providence decrees that those who sow the wind «hall reap the whirlwind. We know that we can not go home in safety while traitors, whose hands are still dripp:ng with the warm blood of our martyred brothers, remain defiant and unpunished. It is folly to give gugar plums tigers and hyenas. It is more than folly to talk of clemency and mercy to these worse thaa Catilines, for clemency and mercy to them is cruelty and murder to the innocent and unborn. If General Jackson had punished the treason of Calhoun we should not have witnessed this rebellion. If the guilty leaders of this rebellion shall be properly punish ed. oar children's children will not be comi-elled to look anon another like it for generations. By the blood of — or our martyred President, by the agonies of our starved and mutilated prisoners, by the ten^ of thousands slain in battle, and the desolations of home and country, and all the waste of life and treasure for the last four years, with no feelings of revenge, but in sincerest sorrow, we pray that your administration may be both a terror to evildoers and a protection to all who pursue the paths of peace. And while we mourn and lament our great anc good and murdered chief, too kind and too indnl gent, we fear, for these stormy times, we thank God for the belief that, knowing the character of the leaders of the rebellion as yon do. yon will so deal with them that our whol • country will be an asylum for the oppressed of every -reed aud every clime—the home ol peace ! freedom, indue.cy, education and ro'.igiun— a light and an example to the nations of the v. hole ei »h down « Ling, bright and beneficent future. THE PRESIDEVT’g nErt.Y. The President then made th? fo'lowing reply — it is hard y necessary for me on this occasion to sav ' hat my sympathies and impulses in connection witL this nefarious rebellion beat in unism with yours. Those who have passed through this bitter ordeal, and who participated in it to a grest extent, are mare conne tent, as I think, to judge and determine the true policy which should be pursued. (Applause.) I have but little to sty on this question in response to what has been said. It enan nates and expresses my own feelings to the full est extent I and in much better language than 1 can at the present moment summon to my aid. The most that I can say is that, entering upon the duties that have devolved upon me under circumstances that are perilous and responsible, and being thrown into the position 1 now occupy unexpectedly, in consequence of the sad event, the heinous assassination which has taken place—in view of all that is before me and the circumstances that surround me— I cannot but feel that your encouragement and kindness are pecuhatly accep table and appropriate. Ido not think you, who have _ been familiar with my course—you who are from the South—de -m it necessary for me to make any professions as to the future on this occasion nor to express what my course will be upon questions that may arise. If ray pa-t life is no indication > f what my future will be. my professions were both worthless and empty; and in re turning you my sincere thanks for this encoursgemeat and sympathy, I can only reiterate what I have said be fore, and, in part what has just been read As tar as clemency and mercy are concerned, and the proper ex ercise of the pardoning power, I think I understand the nature and character of the latter. In the exercise of clemency and mercy that pardoning power should be exercised with caution I do not give utterance to my op-moos on this point in any spirit of revenge or unkind feelings. Mercy and clemency have been pretty large ingredients in my compound, having been the Kxccutive of a -State, and thereby placed in a position in which it was nec-ssary to exercise clemency and mercy. I have oeen charged with going too far, being too lenient, and have become satisfied that mercy without justice is a crim * and that wh**n mercy and clemency are e.xer tired b^ti? Kxccutive it should always be done in view of justice, and in that manner alone is properly ex «- is-*d th it great prerogative- Tne time has come, at yo i who have had to drink this bitter cun are fully aware, when the American Deople should l»e mah* to understand the trie nature of crime—of —i n • generally Our people hare a high understand in;, as well as of the necessity for its punishment b f: in th» catalog te of crimes there is one and that ♦ he highest known to the .aw and the onstitution, of which, since the days of Jefferson and Aaron Hnrr, the/have become oblivious. Tliatie—treason. Indeed, one who has b«co ne distinguished in treason, and in this rebel don said that “when traitors become numerous enough treason becomes respectable, and to become a tailor was to constitute a portion of the aristocracy of taecountry.” God protect tb9 people against such an ari.stocra-y. Yes, the time has come when the <~ people should be taught to understand the length and nreidth. the d-p h aud height of treason. An indi vidual accupymg the highest position among us was u'tiJ to that position by the free offering of the Ameri can pe >pl*~ tae highwt position on the habitable globe. This man we have seen, revered and lov-d—one who, if he erred a: all, erred ever on the side of clemency aal m >rcv. That man we have seen treason strike, thr inch a fitting instrument, and we have tebeld him fall like a bright star falling from its sphere. Now, the-e is non" but would say, if the question came up, what should be done with the individual who as-aa^ •mated the Chief Magistrate of the nation—he is hot a mu—one man. af’or all; but if asked what should be done with the assassin wfcat should be the pen-Jty, the , ■ orfeit exacted1 I know what re ponse dwells in evcrv bosom. It is. that he ahonld p iv the forfeit with his life. And hence we see there are times when itiercy and clemency, without j'l-me be- ome a crime. 1'he one should temper the other, ud brine about that proper mean. And if we would - «y this wnen the ca--e was the simple murder of one man by his fellow man, what should we say when asked what shall lie done with him or them or those who have raised impions hands to take away the life o! a nation composed of thirty million? of people 1 What would be the reply to that question • But while in m ••cy we remember jus tice, in the language that has been uttered 1 say. jus tice towaids the leaders, the con-s ousieade:s. but I also say amnesty, conciliation, clem.uyy and mercy to the thousands of our countrymen v om yon and I know have been deceived or driven into ’his infernal rebellion. And so I return to where 1 started troin, and again re peat, that it is time onr people were taught to know that treason is a crime, not a mer» political difference, not a mere contest between two parties, in which one succeeded and the other lias sirapl/ failed. They must know it is treason: for if they had ucceeded the ie ol the nation would have been reft !rom it—the Union would have been destroyed. Surely the constitution sufficiently defines treason, it eov-ts in levying w ar against the United Si it< < and in y ing their enemies ’nid rnd comfort. With thn deti on it requires the exercise of no great acumen to ascet i i who are traitors, it requires no great perception to tel is whq have levied war ngai st the United Beales; nor loan it require any great stretch of reasoning to .iscert..: who has given aid to the cn-in e i of the United states, : olwfenthe gov ernment of the United States docs as tain who are the conscious and intelligent traitors, th- enalty and the forfeit should be mil. (Applause.) ’ I now bow to ap preciate the condition ol being driver trom one’s home. I can ay mpathi/.e with hi a whose a:t has been taken from bin -w ill him wh > t a < been denied the place that gave his children birth. Bnt let ns with il, in the resto ration of true gover ment, proceed temperately and dispassionately, and hope and' pray that tne time will come, as I believe, when all can return and remain at onr homes, and treason and traitors be driven from our land—(applause)—alien again law and order shall reign, and the banner of our c onntry be unfurled over every inch of territory within the area of the Unite! State?. (*pp!aus<\) la c inclusion. let rne thank you most profoundly for this encouragement and mnules tatien of jonr regard and respect, and assure yon that I can give no greater assurance regarding the settle ment of this question than that 1 intend to discharge my duty, and in that way whieh shall, in the earliest pO?sib'e 1 our, bring back peace to our detracted coun try. And I hope the time is not far distant when our people can all return to their homes and tiresidcs and resume their various avocations. WAR DEPARTMENT. ! AnjtTT vNT Gen.'s Office. Washington. April 24. 1865. ) GENERAL ORDERS,) No. 73. S The attention of ail Commanders of Military Divi sions, Departments, Districts, Dcta-hneruj and Posts, is drawn to the annexed opinion of the Attorney General which will they observe, and regulate their action in ac. oordance therewith : Attokney Geneeai.’s Office J April 22, 1866. ) Hon. EdwinM. Stanton, .Secretary of War. Cm 1 liaro fha 'winnr fn ai'IrnntrLitiro f V.a iNmaint /.f your le ter of the 22d of April. In it you ask me three questions, growing out of the capitulation made betwixt (Jen. Grant, of the United States Army, and Gen. Lee. of the rebel si my. Yon ask, Fust. Whether rebolofflcerswhonncere-i ded In the city of Washington, and went to Virginia, or elsewhere in the South, and took service, can re turn to the city under the stipulations of capitulation, and reside here as tneir homes ? Second. Whether pesrom who resided in Washi>on about th» time the rebellion broke out. left the city and went to Richmond where they have adhered to the rebel canse entered into the civil service, or otherwise given it their support, comfort, and aid, can return to Wash ington since the capitulation ol General Lee's army, and the capture of Richmond, and leride here unde, the terms of the capitulation 1 Third You stite that, since the capitulation of Gen. Lee’s army, rebel officers have appeared in public in the loyal States, wearing the rebel uuiform. and you ask whether such conduct is not a fresh act of hosti ity, on their part, to the United States, subjecting them "to be dealt wi h as avowed enemies of the Government? Your letter is accompanied with a copy of the terms of capitulation entered into betwixt Gecerals Grant and Lee. It is as follows: 4 Rolls of all the officers and men to be made in d i plicate; one copy to be given to an officer designated by me, the other to be retained lysuch officer or officers as you may designate. The officers to give their indiv 1 ual paroles not to take up aims against the Government of the United .states until properly exchanged. And -a h company or regimental commander sign a like parole for the men of their commands. The arms, art.l lery, and public property to be parked and stacked, and turned over to the officers appointed by me, (Gen. Grant) to receive them. This will notea trice the side aims of the officers, nor their private horses or bag gage This dons, each officer and man will be allowed to return to their homes, not to be disturbe by United Stat- s authority sj long as they observe their par >le and the laws in force where they may reside." I.—In giving construction to "these articles of capitu lation, we must consider in what capacity Gen. Grant was speaking. He, of course, spoke by the authority of the President of the Un ted Spates, as Commander-in Chief o. the Armies of the United States. It must be presumed that 1 e had no authority from the President, except such as the Commander-in-Ohief could give to a military officer. The President performs two functions of the Govern ment—one civil, the other mil tary. As President of the ' United States anc its civil head he possesses the pnrdon* ing power; as President of the United States he is Com mander-in-Chief of the Annies of the United States, and is the head of its bellllgerent power. Hie power to par don as a civil magistrate Cannot be delegated; it hi a personal trust, inseparably connected with the office of President. As Comraander-in-Chief of the Armies of the United States, he has of necessity, to delegate a vast amount of power. Regarding General Grant then purely as a m ilitary officer and that he was speaking as one p use sing no power except belligerent, and consi ering that fact to b- well known to the beligereots with whom he was making the »ipolation. Let us come to the toisideration of the first question which you hav** pro pounded. It must be observed that the question .« not as to the •stent of the power that the President, as Commander n-Chief of the armies, poa-esses; it is not whether he. te Commander in-Chief of the Arur'es of the United ■states, could grant parole by virtue of his military authority, to rebels to go to, and reside in, loyal r -nimu nities—communities that had not been in rebellion against the Government of the I.mted States but the quest on is whether by. and under the terms of the stipulations, lie h i* granted such permissions. In the cases in 2 lllack, commonly called the Prize Cases, the*Supreme Court of the United States derided that the rebels wero belligerents; that this was no loose, unorganized in-urrection, without defined boundary, but that it had a boundary marked by lines of bayonets, which can only lie crossed by force that south of that line is enemy's territory, because claimed and held by an organized hostile and belligerent power; that all persons residing within that territory must be treated as enemies, though tot foreigners; an,l it is a ell settled 1 ha', all persons going there without licpn-e pending the hostilities, or remaining thtre after hostili ties commenced, must be regarded and treated as res . dents of that territory. It follows, as a matter of course, that resiuwits of the’territory in rebe'lion cannot be re garded as having homes in the loyal States. A man's home and his residence cannot be distinct the one from the other. The rebels were dealt with by General Grant as b lligereuts. As belligerents, their Lome* were of ne ■ er- ity in the tei iitory belligerent to the Government of fhe United States. The officers and soldiers of General Lee's ai my then, who had homes, prior to the rebellion, in the Northern State*, took up their residences within the rebel States, and abandoned tLe.r homes in the loyal States; and when General Grant gave permission to them, by the stipulation, to return to their homes, itcan not be understood as a permission to return to any part of .the loyal States. That was o capitulation ol sturender, not a truce. Vattel lavs it down that [p. 4)1] • During the trn e es* ecially if made fur a long period, it is naturally allowa ble for enemies to pa»s and repass to and from each other's country, in the s ,me manner s“ it is allowed in time of peace, since all hostilities are now -impended. Kut each of the sovereigns is at libeity, as he would be in time of peace, to adopt every precaution which maybe neces sary to prevent this’intercourse Irom becoming prejudi dal to him. He has just grounds of suspicion against peop'e with whom lie is soon to recommence hosti.ities. He may even declare, at the time ol making the truce, that he will admit none of the enemy into any place un der his jurisdiction. “Those who having entered the enemy's territories di.r.ng the truce, are detained there by sickness, or any other unsurmountable obstacle, and thus happen to re main in the country after the expiration of the armis tice, may, in Mrict justice, be kept prisoners, it is an accident which they might have foreseen, and to which toey have, of their own accorl, exposed themseNes; but humanity and generosity commonly require that they should be allowed a sufficient turn fir their depart ure. “If the articles ol trn e contain any conditions either more extendve or more narrowly re«tri tivs than what we have here laid down, the transaction become* a par tii ular (onvention. It is ob igatory on the contract ing parties, who are bound to observe what they have promised in D SILVER BOUGHT AND SOLD. S'ght Drafts sold ou New York, Philadelph.a «r.d Eal timore. Collections made in any part of the United States. aD 23—dim.__• \TE4T ( OTT4GEREMDENCE 4ND jLx Market G'urden on the Hrook Tarupike. one und uhiilf mile* nor.h ol Lor rent.-The above Cottage Rrsulence is for re t for the balance of the year, to a careful tenant with a small family. The Cottage has four rooms .besides kitchen, smoke house, dairy, well of aater Ac. Attached to it is an excellent garden well enclosed, containing about thirty acres, and a beautiful oak grove ot seveial acres. The place is remarkably healthy and beautifully situated. Apply at my residen re before 9 o clock A. SL, or after * o'clock P. w- GODDIN ap28 —2t____ FOK H A DESIRABLE LOT TO BUILD UN —f-3 f et front a d »ifl d-ep; fronting on 2tth itre»d, iu thi vicinity of Union Stiti i.u Chorch (Union H l!.; For particular* apply to no on Main, between 26th JOS. BBAZ2AJ.ARA THE REPUBLIC]. *$d NORTH.NO SOUTH, NO EAST, NO went OUR WHOLE COUNTRY." Ranking ourselves among those who—no matter what tieir former political opinions—are now willing to re ceive cordially and honorably the arbitrament of war believing sincerely that by the inscrutable workings o an over-ruling Providence, the dreadful tempest o f strife and desolation which has swept over us daring the past fonr years was bnt the harbinger of a jhirer and brighter day than ever yet dawned upon oar b:lovetr country, we feel it to be now the duty of every true pa triot, easting a charitable veil over the irremediable pis?, to bend all his energies to the pleasing ta-k no t only of obliterating all traces of bv-gone differences, but of immediately laying the foundation of present aid future prosperity among up. We believe it to be a duty we all owe to our common country—in th e broadest acceptation of the term—to onr individua State, to our families, and to the cause of humanity and civilization throughout the world. Firm in this 1 elief—impelled by the spirit of true brotb erhood towards all our countrymen, whether of south ern or northern origin, we purpose to issue a Daily pa per under the above title of "The Rbpcbiic," and bear ing the significant motto "No North ni^oath no East . noWest—Out Whole Country.” The very selection ol this name and m itto will, we trust, abundantly fore shadow the principles by which we are determined to b guided. While we yield to no one in love and veneration for onr dear old State of Virginia, we do not and nevet did fee! that • ir love and veneratf >n should be limited to the n ere petty confines of State lines. We intend to make of “ The Republic" a urst-clao daily newspaper, containing all the latest news, native and foreign, sustained by an able corps of Reporters, and by Editorial ability of the first order. It will be a i fv* paper; not occnpying the safe bnt sulky and dubious position of. a non-committalist, bat fearlessly and bon estiy expressing its opinions; attacking the wrong and defending the bight wherever we find them—whether for or against Northern or Southern proclivities ,and from the view not of what existed, bnt of what exists. Entertaining no feeling of sectionalism ourselves, we shall have no fear of either class of thinkers an harita bly confounding our honesty of purpose with malevo lence of intention. In short, onr effort will be to smooth over the rude furrows of the past,—to maintain the dig nity and true interests of our now undivided country,— to do all we can towards moulding into one harmoniou a ha> py, prosperous and fraternal roiult, tha restless and donbting elements of discord yet surviving this horrible oinvulsion: proud of the proofs of true greatness which this war has develop© l in tiro former rival sections 0 ! the same nation, and rejoicing in the conspicuous fai that, in spite of all the ind vidual suffering which tba t war has inflicted. Northern and Southern brethren have in four yean, beea brought together, been shown each other’s merits and demerits been taught t j love and re spect each other, in a manner that wou’d hav» been nt teriy impossible during centuries of peue.\ To speed on the good work, now happily commenced will be the effort of ‘ The Republic,” but to ensnrs suc cess will much depend upon the aid that is accor icd to onr earnest and well meant endeavcrs. All we can say is, that if the support we obtain is at all in proportion t© the zeal and hopefulness with which we lauvh onr paper upon it* cireerof nreftilness. it will not b- long in asst m;ng a foremost rank rmong ’he fonrosls of th Continent. We exj e’t to issue onr first numLe .,n ©out Mon day. the 6th May. Onr office will be locat'd in Bosher’a Hall, sou.h wept corner of Main and Ninth streets, where we have every facility for undertaking JOB PRINTING upon any from the largest play-bill to the smallest card. '•' R. P. WALKER. ap 27—lw_ J. W. LEWKLLFN. wooi>: woou: A /A/A CORDS WELL-REASONED PINE WOOD for *tUU sale. It is about three miles from the Richmond and Fredericksburg Railroad, at the first ro**dng be . yond the Chickahominy. ALSO, 3 stacks of nire Wheat Ftraw. Apply through Richmond P. 0., or a: my re«.aea e on Brook Turnpike. JOHN B. CRENSHAW. apS8—d I w* _ NOTICE.—If tki* Should meet the eye of DAVID or ELIZA 8C0TT. (colored.) who 1 ved when last beard lrnm, near Old street Johnston's Mills, Petersbrr* Ya.. they will hear from their son. by addressing a letter to Wm. H. Scott. U, 8. 8. •* Chippewa,” James Riv»*r. Va. Any information of the above named parties will be thankfully received by the undersigned. WM. H. SCOTT. On board IT. 8. P. Chippewa .fame# River. Va. Peter burg papers plea-e cop;. ap - 3t* NOTICE.—The subscribers will pay the highest mar ket rales for OLD IRON, COPPER. BRASS AND LEAD, OLD SILVER and GOLD. Also fur all kinds of * COTTON AND LINEN RAGS. HIDES, and rI1 kind© om SKINS, NEW FEATHERS, AND WOOI Those having any of the above articles woo d uo wel 1 to call on the suberibers be o:e disposing of the -ame. A .>111T11 A < O., ap28—6t* No. 199 Broad street, nea- E'b «tree FOR KE.NTT.-Two nicely furnished r.OOMS opening into each other with ga«, Ac A vrv in t* * room, if required. Apply on 31 street betw-en Clay and Leigh, fourth house from Clay, right ban; - le ap28—at* ___ _ WOOD! WOO!*:—Persons de^rin.- to pm chateWood can he supplied on anplierton o© 10th at eet and Basin Rank P H HAT. ap 28—31*