Virginia advocate. [volume], November 19, 1830, Image 1

About Virginia advocate. [volume] (Charlottesville, Va.) 1827-1860

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VIRCJOI a
HY K. RKINII.l H'I’!*^*
r*- >
OKASKS TO |»K lUMiKIKHS, WIIKN
VO. IV...SO. IK
i*M**" rt® u a^zxsaaca-^t.*xuviakUMc>.
TI.UMS.
Jl T" Tin Vir^ttiin Adoorutc trill hr
published every b'nday, at Three Dollar* p,r annum,
payable in aUra/trc,
Uj’-V.j sitbst l iption irill he met red for
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•lucre'ion of the Kditor, until nil a, ruarajes shall
hare been pavl.
ll .; • IVhosJttor trill procure fire subscri
ber*, and guarantee the some. Kill be entitled to th
fit Ik grali*.
Terms of Jlili'ertisiurr.
Q.J t)He si/ttnre or less—Vhrcr insertions
Zl—rach continuance,'*:, cent — Toe number of inser
tions must be noted on fie .US. or ad, eel,sen,cuts will
he inserted, anil churned accordingly. Chancery or.
ders, not c receding t*o squares, will be published for
b\r* Dollar*,
'XT-m letters In the Editor must he post
paid or they trill not be attenu.-d to.
REFLKC TJONS,
“ Such as luelmrMe tlin hi art,
<\>inp.we the |n«i .it* and oxali Hie miml.’
The follow incr is tin; «* lo^ino |,lir:i.
graph of an editorial article in the
New Eng Ian l Review, its edit >r is J.
<J. Wmuier, a matt of good reuse
exquisita holing and in >st lelicitous ex
pression:
l lie glory of the summer is pone
by—the beautiful greenness Inis lie
cune withered and dead. W.ne this
all—v.eic there no associations of moral
desolation—of foiled hope-of hearts
withering in the bosoms of the liv
ing—connected with the decaying
scenery around us, we would not in
dulge in a moment’s melancholy.—The
season ol flowers will come again — the
streams will ll >w gracefully and lightly
as before—the trees will again loss
their cumbrous load of greenness to the
sunlight—and by mossy stone and
winding rivulet, the young blossoms
will start uj>, as at the bidding of their
fairy guardians. But the human heart
has no change like that ofNatu-e. Ii
has no second spring-time. < )iict*
blighted in i;s hour of freshness, it
wears forever the mark of the spoiler.
The dews of affection may fall, and tin*
ger.tle rain of sympathy be lavish*,d
upon it—but the sore root of blighted |
feeling will never again waken into
life, nor the cru-died flowers of hope I
blossom with their wonted beauty.” i
Bishop Whitt. It is right to hold good ex
amples up to public gaze ; and every well
wisher of the community must bo gratified
ut tiiu night of a trihuli- paid to real and un
questionable worth, by one who himself iiu.-s
the claims of distinguished merit. Among a
large collection of toasts and speeches at the
late celebration of the anniversary of the
landing ot William I’cnn, the following well
merited compliment is paid by William Kawlc
of I’hiladi-lphia, to the venerable liishop
White :
Mr. Ilnwlo said, on entering this
room I have been, although myself a
guest, desired to read t-* yon the letter
from the Right Rev. Rishop White,
•declining the invitation sent to him,
and transmitting a toast.
This request was grateful, and the
compliance with it cheerful.
The presence o! tins dignified and 1
amiable man would have a hied to t!m
lustre which is shed upon the evening
by the company ol so many distinguish
ed and valued strangers. They would
/>uvo seen mi him a man of whom all
have heard, and whom all have heard
ol only in the most kind and respectful
accents; one in whom lengthened life
has been marked l>y lengthened use
fulness-; one on whose mind time lias
been unable to commit its usual ra
vages; whose purity no temptations
have ever pretended to pollute; whose
chuiacter envy has never ventured to
assail.
In an early stage ofonr revolutionary
simple, when peace, and comfort,
and property, »nd life itself were at
stake, to untie in any lorn* and any of
fice tn sustaining the great conflict,
evinced the principle and the firmness
of those who hazarded the issue. To
invoke the Divine assistance was felt
hy Congress to lie a solemn duly; and
he whose function excluded him from
the field, and unfitted him for the cab
inet, could hut render his aid hy the
daily and public supplications to the
throne of grace. If resistance had
proved unavailing, we may well suppose
that there would have been little discri
mination in punishment. But the
possible event was not shrunk from.
No human considerations impeded the
patriotism, or impaired the piety of this
excellent man. In the character ol
chaplain of the first Congress, his
duties were fearlessly and faiihi'u ly
performed. The merit of these early
exertions ought not to he lost sight of
in the fullness of respect and affection
that now surrounds him.
I have to present a t >ast received
from him for the present occasion, re
ferring not to political conduct or cha
racter of the great founder ol the pro
vince, hut to that feature of his early
and constat t principles which naturally
attracted the mind and received the
approbaton of one whose religious func
tion rendered the subject peculiarly
interesting to him, and whose own
liberal views precisely accorded with
those here in Pennsylvania first intro
duced and established While others
saw ami admired tlie foundation of
thi»s«v principles of civ.l equality and
permanent rights, np to wlncli may
(»*'rhaps lie, not unlaiil', traced urine
modern institutions ot distni > ns!i<‘d
import, our Venerable hs'onn it is I ud
liis fitijrer upon the solemn toco • n:l*<>n
of pur : ruliotpti, as the sale an I n<oi
uine let sis ol ijumaii socciy and on the
exclusion of all pretensons t » precrihe
tlie modes ol devotion, nr control t ie
! meditations ol tlie he.rt. The lan-|
puaye, the very act o| presenting this
toast is an exemplification of the coe-'
tintiatice and ot the ex'utisioii oi those *
principles.
Let it he noted and recorded, that
one of the highest dignitaries in tlie
hpiscopal Church nnmim us quotes
the acts of a member of tlie plainest
and must Imriilde sects we have, as a
proper subject ol coiinuf iiiorutioti, as
sent, and applause.
Tiro following t, tin' Mishap's toast —
“ Perpc.tuily In ill1 religion.* eslub/ishinrnt 1
constituted by Wiili.no t'.mo, in t!n> lirst a. I
of tin- first lejjislnti v« assembly ol' tin: Pro. |
vinca* of Pennsylvania."
ii US25 A.S \)il V.
i
Sign* of u Uuod Farmer. Wo find (in;
lolhnvuig in tlio p i jj c iS, without ciodit;
but presume it did not originate to the south:
11 is corn land i.* ploughed in tin- (all — ins
hull is (ruin two to live years old, and ho
works hail. Ilo seldom lets his work drive
him. lio Ins a cooking stove with plenty of
pipe to it The wood lots lie possesses aie
fenced, 1F is sled is housed in summer, and
Ins cart, plough and wheelbarrow, winter
and summer, when not in use—has as many
yoke of oxen us he has horses—does not toed
his lings with whole grain—lights may ho
seen in his house hetdieduy break hi winter,
iiis hog pen is hoarded inside and out—has
plenty o! woods and mud hi ins barn yard ni
the lull—all Ins inanuru is carried out twice a
year, and chip dung once a y ear. Ills cattle
arc tied up in winter—and find:; Inal. manure
put on land hi a green state is most profita
ble—raises three limes as many turnips and
potatoes lor his stock as lie does lor his hum
ly—has a good ladder raised against the r.,of
ot his house—has more lamps than candle
sticks in Ins house—has an ush house -large
barn and small dwelling—seldom has more
pigs than cows—adds wueds and sods to his
Ifg pen, and makes tlnce loads ot manure
from every hog and two trout every pig. lie
Steams Ills vegetables at olio lliiid of me ex
pense of hulling—and considers Mangel
Wurlzel, Mrilot, Altrmgham Carrot, and Itu
la li iga, arc matters worth thinking of—he
fences belore ha ploughs and manures before
ho saws—A?deals more for cash than cretlil.
->C
To Cider Makers. — If you wish for
a delicious liquor, tvhercon to iHiesli
yourselves alicr the fatigues ol l.ihor—
il you wish m a leisure Iruur to regale
yourselves and your Ineuds, on the
fruits ol tour industry -if you wis i
tu.it the common drink you use to slake
your thtrst should itsell be a highly
nutritious food; if you wish your cutler
in the markets to command a high price
and thereby make the surplus ol your
family use till y.mr chest with dollars,
make yum cnJet ace >rdmg l<i the rules j
ol art. [jet the lust dropping your
apples, unripe, woi m-eaten,aud blasted
Iruit be eaten by your swine; never
gather your apples for cider when wet
either with dew or rum, and if the sea
son will permit not wnhin three days
after a ram,—but at all events have
your apples potbelly dry on the outside, i
When gathered put them in a heap un
der cover, and let them remain nnlil
thoroughly meilew, but not till tin y are
luui-ii mi .'wiiicu , w ueu [ini mm me min ;
tor grinding siO ilm they are cloirj
Iron) sticks, leaves. and every kind of
ti.tli:—when you lay up the chcCie let |
no water be put up with it, hut wet1
your straw in the juice of your apples, or j
what ts hy some (aimers called porno or
pomace. Let the moist or juice he]
strained as clear as possible through
line sue t hay. New casks or those
which have never I ad any tl i ig i ; mem
but spirits, are to be preferred ; hut at
aoy rate let the cask be clean. If the
cask has before bad cider hi it, put in
to it a couple ol buckets of water, then
bung it up tight, set it in the sun seve
ral days with the bung down wards, then
shaking the barn I well, turn out t ie
water and rinse it as clean as possil le,
then put in two or three pounds of un
slacked lime to which turn a gallon of
t»oiliii!j water, then hung the cask tight
and io:l it over, so that a white-wash
shall adhere to every part of tl e barrel
within — and so let n remain several
hours; when you may again rinse vour
cask, and it will lie thoroughly cleans
ed. ('Die quantity of lime 1 have men
tioned, is proper lor a barrel, hut il the
cask is larger it will be well to put in
more lime.) Into the casks thus clean
ed put your cider, and immediately af
ter put them in the coolest place you
can find in the cellar, or in con-tant
shade open to the north but closed ftotn
the southern air. There the cat ks may
remain until the frost becomes so se
vere as to endanger their bursting.
Cider thus made, cured r.nd prepared,
will he preferable in flavour to four
filths ol imported wines, and vastly mote
salutary and nutritious.
SMUT IN WHEAT.
Mount /’rnfifiref t\. C. Oct. *27 I8U0.
Mis. Giokon IS. Smith.
I observed in a recent No. of the
American Farmer, a discovery for pre
venting smut in wheat, which discove
ry if it prove a real pte/enlive must
prove ol great importance, as we are
mnch annoyed with it in thu section of
country, though we do not make morn
"licit in these parts than would sent
l*»r our own use. It has not been ma
i:y years siuce I first heard of the srnu
in wheat. 1 am now in my sixth t;
yen, and in my youthful days knew a
neighbour, w!io made mole wheat than
any oilier, to jirrfrr t/trolll:grain trhrai
for seeding. It Ins own wheal was lull
and plump grain, and he knew any
tum^ t»f his neighbours whose wheat
was shrunk fioin having the rust,
("iiieh was in those days the almost
only evil attending wheat) he would
send his good wheat to Ins neigh mr
to exchange lor shrunk wheat, being at
the troubleo! curiytug ami letchiip' for
the advantage, In* said, of the same
measurement sowing more land 1
had not made any oarticulir experi
ment on the subject until last fall —
when I washed uiy wheat and then li
med it with boiling water poured on it
--it came up very well —and the first I
s *wed was quite clear ot hiiiui, while
lhe latter sowing was very niueh mpir
'—s‘» that I a n almost or quite led to
in l.eve til it li.eje is more hi sojding
! irward than any tiling provided'
th.; land is put m the right ti\. li u-cd
to he custouiay in old nines in this sec
tion of country, to sow <>ur wheat in the
dirk nights in September. II. L.
— .i.., ...I- i .
VARIETV.
“ Mi rill, wiili iliot* I mean to live.”
Irish Ctrtumhicution. —O isorv in »
ono ri'ty an iiiuisnal Commotion mi the
ste-tsol l)eriy, 1 enquire I of a bvstau
i!e. the reason; lie, tvitli a itiellclluou.
brogo, replied in Vho following nutu
piiorical manner — “The reason Sir?
Why, you see that Justice ami, 5.title
Harry O’lloine, the carpenter, have
heen putting up ;i picture-frame atilt
end of the strale yonder, and they are
going to hang one of Adam’s copies m
it. ’ U hiit s that ?—“Wiiy, you Mur
dock O’Douneli.” Oh there’s a mm to
he hung? —“D> they put up a gal
lows lor any other purpose?—Wnat’s
his ofVetice?— “No ofience, your Hon
our; it was only a l.'oertv he took ”
Well, what was t!ie liberty?—“Why,
yon sc-, Sir, pour Murdoch was in del
icate healtli, and his physician advised
t lilt In* should take exercise on horse
back, and so, having no horse of his
own he borrowed one from squire
Doy le’s paddock ; and no sonnet was
lie on its showl l»-rs, f tan tiic Devil put
it into the cracker's i; ad to eo to K<’!
lo'rceu cattle fair; where he had a good
many acquaintances ;nd when lie was
c Un re, Murdock spied a iiieiui at (lie
:it tin- do >r of a shebeen liou--e, and
left the animal ra/. nj out-ide, whilst
he went in lo h r. - th'.tnhlelu! o| whis
key ; and then, y< 11 so they g u h iskv.
and had another, and another, till poor
Murdock he soon went lo ship-.- o|i the
hutch ; and when lie wonkc up, he
found the cracl-or gone, and his
pocket stuffed lull with a big l imp of
money. In shoit, said I, you mean to
say he hash en horsestealing?—vWhy
Sir,” he replied, stammering and
sc rat chin : his hem?, “tlu-y call :i so in
Hngland.”
A lot tor from an American gentlo
man at Puis, tinder date ofS -ptomher
i>, sat 8: —
“V on w ti!d he r.stoui'-l'cd to witness
till- igm.ran •-.»» that prevails in Europe,
with regard to out country, and it- in
stimtinns. Its extent and resources
are heyond their compr hensinn. Our
government is a perfect puzzle; an I
• hny cannot understand how twenty
four soveicignties can form one, and
yet each ret.tin its own sovereignly.
A surgeon in the British army, asked
me what was tin? general language of
the country. I replied that the ,\1n
liClink was the native language, hut
that (li s:* who were caught early, and
tamed young, sometimes talked Fm.
! glisli. To another llinglisfunau, who
| ns^oil the same question, I replied «r.
talk the American language—a kind
: ol antique English, such as was wiit
: ten hy Addison am! Johnson, and
sp ken hy Burke and Pitt, hut which I
| could not recognize as the legitimate
[ English which I heard in common use
in England A \ orkshtreman, who
was my h I1 nv traveil r on the top of a
coach, upon learning I was an Ameri
can, complimented rne hy saying
j “ V ees talk ez glide Iliuglish az hi
duz ” “ Vies sur, hand hiz • rum to
| Yorkshire, said I, in perfect my lieriica
1 lion.”
A village politician told his wife that
the Netherlands had risen. “ That’s
lucky,” replied tlie good woman, “ it
will no longer he exposed to inunda
tions.”
Smfrlt FidtUr ftoshi Duo me ruing a sa
pient Sawney dr-sired Judy, the tnairl. to go
‘•a’ arid buy a penny worth of •* rosin tor Ins
teedle ;" on which the girl procured seine
brimstone and presented d to Siwnev. ‘‘You
dmn wench," exclaimed Sawney, “ Whi.t
ha ye bro't me ?—what do ye ca‘ this ?"_
Btlinitoni), *ir !' “ i!n did I mi
send ye for toosin >" “ i’lazc your honor and
so you did; but Mr Sparks told mo that
Brimstone wan the rail thing to ax for."_
foaming with rage, away flew Sawnov to
Spark s room, ami demanded bow be dared to
interfere with his affairs, and alter Ins corn,
mauds to the servant ?" “ Why, what did
you send for ?" “ lloosin, Sir—roosin for my
fccdle. and be dom’d to ye.” ‘‘Well,” re
plied Sparks, “ I always thought brimstone
wa* rosin for the Scotch firlill*
:
i>;i ;< \ l.
l‘ruiif I'ulliyrnntL—The following
isushnit account id tin
newly appoint! d umbassaiici :
Chain ^ .Mam ice IVngord *1**1 Ii-y
r:i;u! u : s hoi n at I'.ui-. in i in v < ,ti I Tod.
Deis t!i< H-toi<: now seventy-six year*
«<l ay*; Ills iaiuily, u h:ch is aiucn iu
and lionn able, was ail" <1 to many Kn*
n>[M*aii courts, and «*\• n to that of the
ancient kings i>| Frame.
Destin'd hy Ins family to lie a priest
<d tlie Kotnixli church, Talleyrand
commenced when voum.*, lia\ma al
ways one opinion,—that the usefulness
• it tin: pri< «-t slionld be subordinate to
i is rank; and that a blockhead, who
was a bishop, was a u.tn h better man
'ban a philosopher «>r Christian who
was merely avicar. Talleyrand embra
ced ins prolession as lie vvouM Ins mis
tress' not because beloved it,-lor lie is
located),e "I I >ve—hut because his pro
fession and bis nnstn ss -ojiied bis con
vent* lice. In 1?M0, u ne i Iventy-six
years o! aje, lie was jo, m ceiierai fm
the ch rgy ; and in 17’^S when onl)
tlnrty-ioor years old, lie was Bishop oi
A'ltum At this time Talleyrand was a
lover i.| pleasure, and knew as much a
t» ml n ligiou as be cared about liberty.
Iliesstnl or cuts: d, at that time with
lasciM.i'mo ni timers, and ready wii,
which lie has retained to tiie age ol
'event)-six, he was a general favorite
with the giddy, and the idol or the pro
fane.
'V hen the revolution commenced,
Tdleyiaud tinued troin couruer to da*
■iiagogue —was named ti«■ |mity to the
.Assembly ot Sutes-General I>v the
clergy ol Ins diocese, where lie was the
must /o d mis puti/an of all reforms,
.ind even tue order to which lie belong-!
ed became the suhj ct o! his most con- 1
slant attacks. It w as he who proposed
the supjiiessioii ol titiies, and alterwards
the deciee lor aj»j>r»»j»i i.»tmjr church
prop* rly to the relief id the 1'ublie i
Treasury, A'el tins very man in after
years was the great friend ofthc Jesuit*-,
and (jiaml Chamberlain in I to ins
most Christum Majesty Charles X.—
lie was one of the nrst who look die
oath ol obedience n> the civil constitu
tion ol the Si..te*s Gene.ial, a.***i?ted hv
I the Ilistiops ol Lydda and liaSyloii! —
For tills act tiin Tope excommunicated
him, and the pious Bishop of Antmi
made verses ridiculing the Tope and
ins hulls, and vowel that lie w.aild
take I;i■ r vi oge by si owing b .v. un
godly n die an ex-hid; »j» could lead.
\V lieu 'Talleyrand was out ol favor at
Rome, i o contrived to get into luvor
with the | ample ; and on the Kith of
Februan, ITIMI, Talleyrand was deda
1 red j>r< -ident «d the Assembly, and on
the Nth ol July following officiated
j o.titli • I y a.t tin altar erected by the
people m the middle of the Champ de
Mars,at tin' Icte of the piemicrs Fede
| ration. I‘Iw•*IO i», how ever, he tuns u
stirped ihe t t;e honors ef vvinch h s
spiritual bend had deprived him, he re
s ■!veil on getting rid ol his pijf-stly
character entirely, and to enter into the
career ol a politician.
J»ut iM.i.t: s without pay, without of
lice or l ower, were very iiuintere- tinj
t> the o\-hi>hop , so, i:i March I7<i|,
In; crmir-nl to g,-t elected in. m‘cr of
the Ditectoiy for the department of
i'jris. In tins capacity I..* Inst nine!,
of Ins popul arity, a.wl in the iron ,
wlm.lt in November 179- inis Mitfiinl
was i-uii'l ;t loiter. dal* d the of
April, 17 01, addressed by the minuter
I.iporic to Loins XVI, in which the
inini't* r thus spoke of Tnllovrnmi
Bishop ol Autmi :—“ il parajt deorer
illhisrvir sa Majesto, ,-t m'a fan hire
j .jut; Voiis poiiVio/ lain; I'es.-ai dfc s«,n ■/."
ie el »le sou.credit.”
Wo tint man of tin; people, who eric !
\ i v u la 11her la*, vvas at the >* »• |,.• f,io*
meiit otl'ering Ins respectful anrl /» ;il
on > set vices to Louis XVI. an j Lanor
te, Imtliol blessed incmorv.
lien tins loiter was communicated
j to the t onventloif ill Decent her )7‘h',
j I"hlleyrsirnl# who wastl.cn in Kngland,
j chai ged mill a diplomatic mivunn I v
L mis XVI , was placed i.y this decoy
ery m i:ri embarrassing position, for
Ins nomination had taken place aftei
his oiler of gervic.es. lint Ins ernl.ar
ia^stnent was hut ol short continuance
j lor lie wrote a long rambling letter of
! justification and nonsense, which ar
rived at a moment when Louis XVI.
was under dial, and so, by a piece of
good hick, lie avoided the judgment of
the Convention.
Talleyrand was, however, accused
of having conspired against the public
cause, and remained in Fngland until
1791, when of a sudden he received
orders to leave the shores of (rrent Bri
tain within twenty-four hours, and to
j embark for America. In 179.7 the
; Convention icca’led him to France bv
, Hamburgh, at the moment when the
Directory w is in full activity. Ma
j dame de Stael now became his profec
[ tre«s—and lie who feels neither rr
! sp -ct nor love for woman, courted her
| smiles, and paid an episcopal arerti"
i to all her decisions.
On the ifxii July, 1797,Talleyrand
! was named Minister of Foreign Af
fairs. He then courted the Directory,
j eulogized the existing system, ami an
| pea red a devoted slave to it? will. But
I this was jl| » mistake. Talleyrand
j " us playin'' other cards, and first
ought to riifccbie the Directory, and
i lieu profiled by its weakm ss. Nupo*
■foil, lio had suddenly returned fiom
• •t ypt, became ill • idol of T.dh yrainl ;
uni tin* Fust Consul, ch/'iued w it 11 1
Ins ciplninalic tali ms, and (l.ttlered I v
tl»e tut' Mums iind |.laims of a man
iimm^ such noble origin, received
Inin w nli open arms.
Frmi tins peri >d N.i poleoi. began to
confide in him ; and on the 5th June, i
IbOti, he was into tl (irand Chamber-;
lain in the Jhnpeior and Prince of Ui
m ven'o ! ! ! Talley rand, who knew all
the imritrnes oi lit Court, and how t»
profit hv Ins tnte!11aenee, had made,
Inuii i-pitf io I'rtKi, large sums ol mo
ney by Ins speculations, or lather Ins
j ihtnnrs, t,,r he played on a certainty,
and risked nearly unthins in the public
funds. Thus riches and lionois and 1
pli e, were all m the possession of the
Prince of limn vento.
In l^tjT, the till of Talleyrand com
uieuceil. The more the Kmperor
/ranted, i!ie more iie claimed, and no
thing ulucli the former could bestow;
satished the rapacity ot the 1 slier. .Still
in; was named Viee-tiraml Inectom and \
Minister «.d Foreign Alf.tirs; and lie j
who cried 'k Vive In Roi !’’ “Vive la
C invention !’* *‘ Vive la Kcvnltitiou !’’
“Vive la l)irect>ite!M and “ Vive In'
Consul I” now ca'led aloud “ Vive 1’ [
Kinpereur !” whilst lie was meditating i
future v< ngeanee against Ins nation, j
li 'cause Ins wishes were not all gratili-J
rd and his vanity and ambition were ;
not fnl y indulged. Napoleon and Tal- [
leyraud possessed the same limits ; but ;
tfie fnirricr bid virtue to at me for his \
vices, wlulst the latter had nothing but j
his talents.
i ullcyruud now commenced an op
position to Napoleon. lie opposed the
war in Spain, and pr-dieted the fall of
his master. The must ir now more
than suspected, for lie airestcl him :
and although subsequently the Frnpe
ror tried to tram Ins confidence, Tal
leyrand turn -d ins eye to the rising
sun, and in his capacity of President of
the Government l*rorisinri-, the Prince
de T ill.*yr;;nd pronounced, with mt e
iiit>ti:>:t, th'* fill ol Napoleon, and the
uccessi iti )l toe Mouse of Moarbnn.
O.i the i^t i of M iy, 161-1, Talley
rand was •ppointel, bv Louis the
Eighteenth, .Mini, ter of Foreign Al
im.-, and on the l:h of June Idliuwiue
was made p-ow of France.
At lire •■ •i:Mod Itesi/trniin }••}.”, j
Talleyrand v. is at toe ('• n_pt-s o! Yi
emn, am! lie a ha now i to 10 ec-ont
t.he Kino o| ;ln* French al '.lie Court of.
London, where the prince- oft'ne il hoc
ol liourbnii are. banished anil exiled
was hi 1 ■'** i•» one ol the most to. lou.
and f lithusiastis conspirators a<[ain-t
Nap;deoii, and in behalf of Louis
XV'111., protected, as he •• as. In the
Holy Alliance and by Europe in arms,
lie returned with Louis XV I H. from
Kaplun; to 1’ai ;s,::ii(! once none found
liinisi If Minister ol Fori ij.fi) Affairs.
Three moot hs a* ter wards the Prince
dc T ill- yrand found Iiimsi If once more
m disgrace, and ns lie rcu.-e! to sioii
the treaty ol i* !“*, he retired in* >
parntive oligciiritv, holding tie- plnce of
(jr.tul Chaniberhiiti, first to Louis
XV III., and then !(> Chitr’es X totin'
vi rv I on'- «>| Ins abdication
• m c rj i'i<
/ i nun.( mi a! / (tn:l
i>itig.— Ai» , iiiivl nil gases, sue licn-coli
dint rs; nut vii|M>(ir a t it; « Inmis, wlncii
an* cam |> seci ol ji, are conductors.—
Clouds consist oi small liolluu' I !.uj
uers ol vapours,charged each with the
same kino oi t lectricity. it is this c
ii ctric charge. which prevents ti.e >rs.
cics from uniting together, ami fa.hug
down in t .( lorm o! ram. liven the
vus'ctilar lorm w Inch llic vapour as
sumes is probably owing to the parti
cles being charged with electricity.—
The mutual r< poi.stou ol tin* eiecuic
panicle s may tie* consult ted as s'lilici
emt (since tin y are prevented from leav
ing ilie vesic le by the action o! t.’u: sur
rounding air riiiil ci| the surroun Ini"
vesicles) ,o give: the vapour the vesicu
lar It rm. In yvliat wav t -t se clouds
come io lie charged w nlr c i *ctrii ,ty. it
is n« t c .isy to say. lii.t, as electricity
is evolved during the act olevaporation
the probability is, that clouds arc al
ways charged vrilh elect i icily, and that
they e.yve their e\isU nee, or at least
tin ir lorm, to fiat lluul. It is very
probahle, that, yvl.cn tyvo curients ol
dry air are moving different yyays, the
friction ol the* two surfaces may evolve
electricity. Should these ctnrenis in:
of different temperatures, a portion ol
vapour, which they always contain,
will he deposited ; the electricity evolv
ed will he taken up by that vapour, an<
will cause it to assume the vesiculai
state constituting a cloud. Tim? wc
Ciin see in general how clouds come ti
in* formed, and how they contain c Ire
tncity. This electricity may he eithri
vitreous or resinous, according to cir
cu nisi a rices. And it is conceivable
that, by long continued opposite cur
icnt< ol air, the chaige accu.mil ih d ir
a cloud may he considerable. Now
yy hen two clouds charged, the one w111
positive anti the other with negative c
lectricity, happen to approach within ;
certaiu distance, the thickness of thi
coating wf elbctticily increases on th<
two sides ol tin? clout's which ai<>
<*>t to cue It * liter. Tills act iiiMil.tiioii
ol thickness soot) bet-onus *»• nicat a
to overcome tie- I'rt sstjic oi the atnios
I’licn*, »i.«l u discharge takes place
w hie It occasions the f.tsli o! Iigiitmii...
The i.m>e accompanying the discharge
c* iisiiiuus th«- thuiulcr clap, the loin*
ci iiiitinaiicc ol which partly <hpend
upon the reverheiulions Irom neighbor
ing objects. It is therefore longest aim
loudest, and most tremendous, in lull\
countries. A tbu inlet storm in this
countiy common]}- commences in the
following manner. A low dense cloud
begins to form in a part of the atinos
pltt-ie that was previously clear. This
i loud increases last, hut only from its
upper part, and spreads into an arched
form, appearing like a large heap of
cotton wool. Its under surface is level,
as if it rested on a smooth plane. The
w ind is hushed, and every thing appear*
preternstturuily calm and still. Never
theless, small ragged clouds, like
teazled flakes of cotton, soon begin to
make their appearance, moving about
in vat ions directions, and perpetually
changing their irregular surface, ap
pearing to increase by gradual accu
mulation. As they move about they
approach each oilier, mid appear to
stretch out their ragged arms towards
each other, before they coalesce with
ihe upper cloud. But as frequently
ilie upper cloud coalesces without
diem. Its lower surface, from being lev*
-1 ami smooth, now becomes ragged,
and its tatters stretch down towards
1,1,1 oiners, and long arms are extended
towards tin* ground. '] he heavens
now darken apace; the whole mats
sinks down; wind uses and suddenly
shills in squalls ; small clouds move
swiftly in various directions; lightning
darts Irom the cloud. Asp irk is soine
itines seen co-existent through a vast
horizontal extent, oi a zigzag shape,
ami of d diet cut brilliancy in diiTcreiil
parts. Lightning strikes between tiie
clouds and the earth—frequently in two
places at once. A very heavv rain
tails the cloud is dissipated, or it ri
ses high and becomes light and linn.
I lieso electrical discharges obviously
dissipate the electricity ; the cloud con
denses mm water, and occasions the
sudden and heavy rain which always
to inmates a thunderstorm. The pre
vious motion of the clouds, which act
like electrometers, indicate the electri
d.ti state cl ilitlercni paitsof the atmos
phere. '] liuii h-i, then, only lakes
place when tlie difleri lit strata ot ait
a;e in dill; rent elect'ical states. The
. I .uds interposed between these strata
II re aiso electrical, an:i owe their \e.-ic
ui.tr nature to that electricity. They
arc also conductors. Hi nee they mtei
I o.-ed themselves between .-liata in dir
14 rent states, and arrange themselves
in such a manner as to occasion the
mutual discharge cl the strata in opp> -
site .'■talcs. Too equilibrium is resto
red, the clouds deprived of their elec
tricity collapse into rain, and the lime
dor terminates. 5 * * These electri
cu: discharges scincliinis lake place
wiliiotu ii.iiso. ]i) tinii case ihc I! islu ^
ate very biiglit ; but they aie single
Hashes passing visibly fiom one cloud
to another, and confuted usually to a
single quarter of the heavi n«. When
liny are accompanied with the noire
much we call thunder, a munhcr of si
multaneous* liashes, of diHeront colors,
Ccconstituting an tiuinn rrupte l zigzag
l-ue, mr.y gem r ■! y bcohsi rved stir ich
mg to an extent of several miles.—
1 u'. se .seem to lie occasioned bv a
numocr ol succfs; :\or almost simul
taneous discharge s from one cloud t<»
eiiotl). i ; these iuicrincdiati clouds
serving as iclm mediate conductors or
sU!j»j.:ug d.iucf! i< r I !k; < 1 clrical flu id.
it i.s loose simultaneous discharges
" inch orension the rattling noise winch
Wi! thunder. Though tiicy am all
made at I lie same time, yet, as their
distances <1 re different, they only reach
our car m succession, and thus occasion
the lengthened ruin’ ling noise so dif
lcici.t l.'oin t!ie snao \vl ich acconinan
u s the discharge of a l.rvden jir. If
tiie electricity were confined to the
clouds, a single discharge for a single
flash ol lightning) would restore the'e
(]Uilibriiiin. I lie rloud would co'lipro
and discharge il.-elf in rain, and the
serenity of the ■ heavens would he re
stored. Bill ihis is seldom the case. I
have witnessed the most vivid dischar
ges of hgi tning. from one cloud to an
olln r, winch enlightened the whole ho
rizon, continue for several hours, and
amounting to a very considerable num
ber, not fewer certainly than (illy, and
terminating at last in a violent tliunder
i storm. We see that these discharges,
though the quantity of electricity must
i have been immense, did not restore the
| equilibrium. It is obvious from this.
tfi.it, not only tho clouds, hut the strata
of air themselves, must have hern
stiongl) charged w ith electricity_The
clouds, being conductors, served ti n
purpose of discharging the electricity
with which they were loaded, w hr n
they came within the striking distance.
But the electric stiatum of air with
which the cloud was in contact, hoii.g
a non-conductor, would not lose its c
lectrif.ily by the discharge of the cloud
1 It would immediately supply the cloud
■ with which it wa§ in contact with r.
1 new charfe I hontjw n on T'Jrci’itilu