VOL. XXXVII.
Staunton .Sjttiaior.
JOS. A. WADDELL,)
L. WADDELL, Jr., VProprietors.
RICHARD MAUZY, J
TERMS.
l_T Th«"SPECTATOR" is published once a week
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AD VERTISEMENTS often lines {or less,) inserted
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A liberal discount made to those who advertise by the
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Professional Cards, not exceeding seven lines, unit be
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All advertising for a less time than threemonths, will
be charged for at the usual rates— sl 00 per square for
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subsequent issue.
MARKWOOD & GRAVES,
FASHIONABLE TAILORS, -la
Opposite tt\e Marble Yard, Sn
Main St., Staunton, Va. -"■-
--WOULD inform their friends and the public gen
erally that they are now prepared to execute
work entrusted to them in the neatest and most fash
ionable styles. „ . _-,_t—
As they have had the practice of six years as CUT
TERS they feel confident of pleasing all who may
favour them with their custom, and they hope by
prompt attention to business to merit a liberal share
of patronage.
Staunton, Sep. 6, 1859.
JAS. H. MCVEIGH. EDGAR T. MCVEIGH.
jas. h. McVeigh & son.,
(Successors to McVeigh k Chamberlain,)
WHOLESALE GROCERS,
AND DEALERS IN
Liquors, Wines, Tobacco, Segars, AC.,
PRINCE STREET WHARF,
Alexandria, Va.
March 29,1859.—-ly.
Western Virginia *
MARBLE WORKS, H fl
AT STAUNTON pj II
HARRISONBURG. fnl-N
MARQUIS _ KELLEY.
Staunton, April 7, 1858.
GEO. M. COCHRAN. JAMES COCHRAN.
COCHRAN & COCHRAN,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW,
STAUNTON, VA.,
WILL practice their profession in all the Courts of
Augusta and the Circuit Courts of Bath and
Highland. Strict attention will be given to all busi
ness entrusted to their care.
Aug. 24,' 1858.
POWELL, HARRISON,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
STAUNTON, VIRGINIA,
WILL practice in the Courts of Augusta and High
laud.
jggT* He may be found at his office, adjoining the
Sheriff's office.
Dec. 9, 1857.
GA . SMITH Manufacturer of S+tt
• Ladies' Shoes of all descrip- Jr mr\
tions, keeps a large stock constantly on «■_»—~~W
hand and oilers them at very reasonable prices. Also
MISSES' and CHILDREN'S SHOES. His stand is
next dooe to thb Post Office. Patronage is res
pectfully solicited.
Staunton. May 17, 1859.
GUY &. WADDELL,
REAL ESTATE AGENTS,
STAUNTON, VIRGINIA.
BUYERS AND SELLERS will find it to their ad
vantage to call at their office in the Brick part
of the Old Bell Tavern.
Staunton, Sep. 6, 1859.
Gc. C. YEAKLE,
DKALKR IN
CLOCKS, WATCHES AND JEWELRY
SILVER AND P___.fEl) WARE,
Opposite Wa. Hotel, Staunton, Va.
Staunton, Aug. 30, 1859.
J. M. HANGER
ATTORNEY AT LAW, STAUNTON, VA.,
WILL practice in all the Courts held in Staunton,
and in the Circuit Courts of Albemarle and
ckingha m. Office in the brick-row, in the rear of
he Court-house.
Staunton, Dec. 30,1857.
JOHN W. MEREDITH,
DEALER IN
JEWELRY, CLOCKS, WATCHES, &C,
Main St., Staunton, Va.
s__T" Watches and Jewelry Repaired.
Staunton, Jan. 17.
DOCTOR JAMES B. GILKESON— Having
located in Staunton, tenders his professionalser
vices to the public. He may be found, when not pro
essionally engaged, at the room over the Saddle and
Harness establishment of Mr. G. H. Elick, nearly op
posite the Post Offlce.
Staunton Feb. 8.1859—tf.
A. D. CHANDLER,
UNDERTAKER,
Staunton, Va.,
KEEPS MET ALIO CASES of all sizes, at Staun
ton and Millborough Depot, at City Prices.
Staunton, July 19, 1859.
R. L. DOYLE,
Attorney at Law, Staunton, Ta.,
WILL practice in the Courts of Augusta, Rock
bridge, Bath and Highland.
July 29, 857.
KIRKWOOD HOUSE,
Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, D. C,
JOHN H. k A. W. KIRKWOOD,
Proprietors.
Washington, March 24,1858—1y
DA. KAYSER would call attention to a new
• lot of French Cassimeres, Long Shawls, Canton
Flannels, Furs, Velvet Ribands, and many other
things just to hand.
Staunton, Nov. 15, 1859.
EALING WATER.-DR. W. B. YOUNG,
Druggist, has a large lot of Healing Water for
sale, and is the regular Agent for it in Staunton.
Dec. 13.
LOT OF FINE HAVANA CIGARS and
CHEWING TOBACCO just received and for
sale by P. H. TROUT k CO.
Staunton, Nov. 8.
TOVES, STOVES.— We have just received 52
Stoves of various patterns, some entirely new, to
which we invite the attention of the public.
Staunton. Oct. 25. WOODS k GILKESON.
JUST RECEIVED.— The best and cheapest low
price TOBACCO that tan be found. Wholesale
or retail by JNO. B. EVANS.
Staunton, July 2fi,1859.
CORN MEAL— For sale in large or small quan
titles at the STAUNFON STEAM MILLS.at
market prices. Apply to
_May 31, '59. S. A. RICHARDSON, Snp't.-
PHYSICIANS can always be supplied with a ful
assortment of Medicines of the best qualit. at
DR. H. S. EICHELBERGER'S.
Staunton, Jan. 25, '59
C~ 6AL OIL— A spfendid article, at
DR. W. B. YOUNG'S.
Staunton, Nov. 1.
ÜBSTI FURS I—ls sets of Furs just received,
aud will be sold at a very low figure.
Staunton, Nov. 8. PIPER k FUNKHOUSER.
HANDSOME COAL GRATE for sale by -
WOODS k GILKESON. %
Staunton, Oct. 25.
ILLER'S HEAVY GOODS— A full supply
tor Servants' Wear, just received by
_J3taunton, Oct. 11, '59. TAYLOR & HOGE.
JUST RECEIVED— A very fine assortment of
CLOCKS to be sold very low.
Staunton, Aug. 9, '59. . G. C. YEAKLE.
ABOOK~FOR FARMERS.— Campbell s
Manual of Agriculture. ROB'T COWAN.
Staunton, Kov. 15.
LEATHER ! LEATHER ! 1-2000 lbs SOLE
LEATHER - good stamp—for sale by
<>•-• 25. P. n. POWELL & CO.
%ptci<xlot.
lIIISCELLAWEOIJ^^
& CO.,
131, BALTIMORE ST., BALTIMORE.
MANUFACTURERS OF
IMPROVED TIGHT STITCH
SEWING MACHINES,
For Families and Manufacturing Establish
ments.
LET Manufacturers, Planters, Farmers Housekeep
ers, or any other persons in search of an instru
ment to execute any bind of Sewing now done by ma
ekinery, make sure they secure the lest, by examining
ours before purchasing. Samples of work sent by
mai WHAT CONSTITUTES A GOOD SEWING
MACHINE?
1. It should be well made, simple in its construc
tion, and easily kept in order.
2. It should make a tight lock-stitch, alike on
both sides of the material.
3. It should sew any and all materials that can
4. It should be able to use Cotton, Thread or Silk
directly from the spool.
5. It should be able to sejr from qparse to line,
and from thick to thin, with rapidity, and without
changing the tension.
6. It should be able to make the tension greater
or less, on both the under and upper threads, and
with uniformity. •
7. It should have a straight needle, curved ones
are liable to break.
8. The needle should have perpendicular motion.
This isjabsolutely necessury tor heavy work.
9. It should be capable of taking in the largest
pieces of work.
10. It should be able to bind with a binder, hem
with a hemmer; should stitch, fell, run and gather.
11. It should be always ready to work.
12. It should be capable ot using the same size of
thread on both sides of the work, and of using differ
ent colored thread or silk, above or below, to corres
pond with any two colors of cloth to be united.
13. It should be able to make a long or short
stitch.
14. It should be able to fasten off the seam, and
commence sewing tightly at the first stitch.
15. It should run easily and make but little noise.
16. It should have a wheel feed; none others are
in constant contact with the work.
17. It .should not be liable to get out of order.
18. It should not be liable tohrea* the thread nor
skip stitches.
19. It should not be necessary to use a screw-dri
ver or wrench to set the needle.
20. It should not be liable to soil the operators
dress.
21. It should not form a ridge on the under side,
nor ravel out, nor be wasteful of thread, as is the case
with all chain stich machines.
22. It should not be 'more trouble than it is
worth.'
23. All of these advantages are possessed i n our
machine. LADD. WEBSTER k CO.
Dec. 6,1859.—1y.
FOR GOVERNOR,
GABRIEL HIRSH!
FOR LIEDT. GOV.
WILLIAM JONAS!
NOTWITHSTANDING the failure of the Atlantic
Cable to come up to the expectations of some of
the knowing ones of the Old and New World, yet
GABRIEL HIRSH, one of the largest stockholders
in the concern, for the purpose of cultivating a frater
nal feeling with all mankind, has extended it as far
as the city of StauntoD, where it is performing some
of the greatest achievements of the age, in the way ol
exhibiting at his old stand, on Main Street, the
largest and most complete STOCK OF GOODS ever
brought to this market. The greatest wonder, how
ever, even surpassing the operations of the Cable, are
the "CHINESE JUGGLERS," on exhibition at his
window, where the prettiest man in the country is al
ways to be found engaged in Repairing Watches
and Jewelry.
|__T The $4,000 offered some time since, is still in
the hands of a responsible gentleman in Staunton,ready
to be handed over to any one who will bring forward
a superior workman in his line. G. HIRSH.
Stsuunton. Oct. 19,1858—tf
CONFECTIONERY ESTABLISHMENT!!!
CHOICE VARIETIES
FOR THE SEASON AT THE STAND
FORMERLY OCCUPIED BT
WM. T. MOUNT, Main St., Staunton, Va
MAGNUS S. CEASE
WOULD respectfully call the attention of the cit
izens of Staunton and vicinity to his large aud
en irely new stock of FALL GOODS, which he is now
receiving and opening, cousisting of Wate;*, Sugar and
Soda Crackers, Picnics, Raisins, Figs, Currants, Cit
ron, Dates, Prunes, English Walnuts, Filberts, Al
monds, Ground Nuts, Pecan Nuts, Lemons, Oranges,
Sardines, and Candies of every description. —
Also Fancy Goods, French Candies, Cakes and
Toys.
\StW Wedding parties furnished at the shortest no
tice, and on the most reasonable terms.
Also Fresh Peaches, Lobsters, Pickles, Catchups,
kc, kc
He will sell on reasonable terms, and respectfully
solicits a share of patronage.
By Candy sold at Wholesale and Retail.
Staunton, Nov. 8, 1859.
GKEAT EXCITEMENT AT THE
CLOTHING HOUSE OF
JACOB POLLITZ,
(brandeburg's old stand.)
THOUGH the Great Eastern has met with serious
accident, vet my large and well selected stock of
FALL AND WINTER CLOTHING will abundantly
show that my cargo of Goods did arrive sately, and
includes the greatest variety of well finished clo
thing ever brought to this market.
My present stand, at Brandeburg's old Corner
and Opposite the Va. Hotel, gives a sufficiency
of room to show to my customers as nice a stock
of ClothiDg as can be exhibited this side ot Baltimore
and which I will sell at Baltimore City Prices.
The public are invited to examine my stock, before
purchasing elsewhere, at least all those who consid
er that "a penny saved is a penny made." -
JA*COB POLLITZ,
Brandeburg's old stand, Opp'te Va. Hotel.
Staunton, Oct. 11. 1859.
FIRE AND LIFE INSURANCE.
IN the ALBEMARLE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Charlottesville. The Capital of the Company is
large and well secured, and its business conducted on
the most prudent principles. Lives of Slaves insur
ed at the lowest rates. Apply to
HUGH W. SHEFFEY, Agent.
I am also Agent of the CHARTER OAK LIFE IN
SURANCE COMPANY, one of the most substantial
and prudently conducted Compa's in the United States.
The widow of the late John H. Brown received through
me |2,500 the amount of the policy on her husband's
life. HUGH W. SHEFFEY,
Dec. 13.—-3 m.
TANNERY. —I have this day associated my son,
Wm. B. Gallaher with me in the Tanning busi
ness in the town of Waynesboro' and the business will
hereafter be conducted "in the name of H. L. GALLA
HER k SON.
Persons indebted to my Tannery are hereby notified
lo come forward and settle, aud those having claims
against it are requested to present the same for pay
ment. My soa,Wm. B. Gallaher, will always be found
at the Tannery and is authorized to settle for me.
Public patronage is solicited for the new concern.
§__?" The highest Cash price will be paid for hides,
skins, and bark at all times. H. L. GALLAHER.
Waynesboro', Oct. 4,1859. — ly*.
DR. JAMES JOHNSTON, SURGICAL <fe
MECHANICAL DENTIST, having heen located
permanently in Staunton for the last four years, would
respectfully inform his friends and the public gene
rally, that he still continues to practice Dentistry,in all
its various branches, with the strictest regard to du
rability and usefulness.
Office on the south-side of Main Street opposite the
old Spectator Office.
Staunton, Nov. 29,1854.
WHEAT WANTED.— The Staunton Steam
Mills Co. will pay the highest prices in Cash
for Wheat. Farmers wishing to dispose of their
crops will probably consult their interests by bring
ing samples to S. A. RICHARDSON, Sup't.
Nov. 15,1859.
OACH BODY VARNISH, a superior grade of
Copal Varnish, Japan do., Demar, do., Mastic
do., ana all other Varnishes, for sale by
Staunton, Nov. 29. P. H. TROUT & CO.
FURS. —A few sets of very handsome Brown Rus
sia, Fitch and Sable Furs. Received and for sale
by D. A. KAYSER.
Staunton, Nov. 22; 1859.
ORN SHELLERS —We have on hand four
different varieties of Corn Shelters and Separa
tors. WOODS k GILKESON.
Staunton, Oct. 25.
ADIES' CLOAKS —We have just received a
new supply of Cloaks of the very latest style
worth, from %18 to $30.
Staunton Dec. 20. PIPER k FUNKHOUSER.
WAITERS. —Several handsome sets of Waiters.
Also single do. for sale by
Staunton, Oct. 25. WOODS k GILKESON.
LARGE QUANTITY OF SALTPETRE for sale by
P. fl. TROUT k CO, "
Staunton. Nov. 29.
URE GROUND PEPPER—ground by ourselves".
Also Pepper in grain. P. H. TROUT k CO.
Staunton, Nov. 29.
ALL kinds of Iron Machinery fitted up at the work
Shop of the Staunton Foundry.
Sep.l3, 1859. A. J. GaRBER k CO.
FOR Hats, Caps, and every style of Gents' Furnish
ing Goods, call at J. POLLITZ'S
Staunton. Oct.Jl, 1859. Clothing Ho*agn
O OFAS — A new lot Sofas, just to band, very cheap
O SUuaton,Julyl9 > '5« A. D. CHANDLER.
STAUNTON, VIRGINIA, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 28, 1860.
POETRY.
The Gospel Echo,
True faith, producing love to God and man,
Say Echo, is not this the Gospel plan ?
Echo. The Gospel plan.
When men combine to hate and treat me ill,
Must I return them good and love them still?
Echo Love them still.
If they my failings carelessly reveal,
Must I their faults as careful?y conceal ?
Echo. As carefully conceal.
But if my name and character they tear,
And cruel malice too, too plain appear,
And when I sorrow and affliction know
They seem to add unto my cup of woe,
Say, Ech», say, in each peculiar case
Must I continue still to love and bless?
Echo. Still to love and bless.
"•Why Echo, how is this? Thou'rt sure a dove,
Thy voice will leave me nothing else but love.
Echo. Nothing else but love.
Amen witb all my heart, then be it so,
And now to practise I'll direotly go.
Echo. Directly go.
This path be mine, and let who will reject,
My gracious God will surely nr» protect.
Echo. Surely me protect.
Henceforth on him I'll cast my every care,
And friends and foes embrace them all in prayer.
Echo. Embrace them all in prayer.
Echo, enough, thy counsel to my ear
Is sweeter than to flowers the dew-drop tear,
Thy wise instructive lessons please me well,
Till next we meet again, Farewell, Farewell.
Echo. Farewell, Farewell.
MISCELLANY.
The Constitutional Union Pa_ty.<—•Address
of the National Central Executive Com
mittee.
To the people of the United States: —
The political aspect of the country fills the
public mind with painful apprehension. The
people are everywhere disturbed with tbe tear
of some disastrous crisis. Many are alarmed for
the safety of the Union. All are conscious that
the sentiment of fraternity which once linked
the States together, even more firmly than the
compact of the Constitution itself, has been
rudely shaken, and that discord bas crept into
tbe relationship of communities 'which should
have found, both in the interests of the present
and in the memories of the past, the strongest
motives for mutual regard and confidence.
What has produced these general and unhap
py convictions?
It has been too apparent to escape the most
casual observation that, for some years past,
there has been manifested a design, in the move
ments of influential political leaders, I"- force the
country into an organization of parties founded
on tbe question of slavery.
The first introduction of this subject into party
politics engendered a controversy wich has con
stantly increased in extent and bitterness, ming
ling with, or usurping the place ot ail other po
litical questions, and giving to those party poli
tics a greater and more dangerous vehemence.—
Considerations of the public welfare seem to be
cast aside, to make room for wider and more
unrestrained contention on this single and en
grossing theme.
Tbe two great parties in the country—tbe
Democratic and Republican—have been the
chief actors in this fatal contest, if not its au
thors. Whether tbey have always exerted
themselves to allay tbe excitement to wbich it
gave rise, or, on the contrary, have both of them
occasionally employed it tor the promotion of
party purposes, it is not for ns to determine. It
is sufficient to note that the mind of the people
has been industriously exercised by tbis contest
to tbe service of sectional agitation, and that in
its progress tbe teachings of the fathers of the
Republic, tbe lights ot history, the landmarks of
constitutional power bave been renounced, onr
old and revered traditions of policy spurned and
the welfare ot tbe present and tbe hopes of the
future been brought into jeopardy in tbe alter
cations of passionate challenge and defiance be
tween the angry disputants.
It is not our purpose to arraign or denounce
either of tbese parties for their past errors or
trangressions, but we regard it as an indisputa
ble fact tbat by their conflicts they have been
mainly instrumental in producing the present la
mentable state of public affairs. It would be ea
sy to establish this position by a reference to e
vents in the recent history of the country, with
which the public is but two familiar; but we
purposely abstain from all comments upon them,
as inconsistent witb the limits of tbis address,
and as tending to revive controversies which it
is its object to alky. We will simply state tbat
the one,by its frequent and unnecessary intrusion
of tbe slavery question into politics, has exasper
ated sectional feeling at the North and increased
the growing spirit of disunion at tbe South,
while the other has been prompt to avail itself
of tbese opportunities for anti-slavery agitation.
After having so long agitated the country by
their reciprocal assaults, tbese parties are now
preparing for a sectional exceeding
in violence any that has yet occufed, the results
of which may be disaslrous to the country.
As an indication of the character of tbis strug
gle, of its objects and possible consequences, we
need only point to the significant fact, that a
convention bas been called by one of tbese par
ties to select a candidate for tbe office of Chief
Magistrate ot the Union, from which, by the ne
cessary logic of construction, fifteen States of
tbat Union are excluded.
Solemnly impressed with these facts, a num
ber of gentlemen from different parts of the
country, among whom W6re members of the
present Congress, and of Congresses of former
date, recently assembled in the city of Washing
ton to deliberate on means for averting dangers
to wbich they may lead.
It was the unanimous opinion of the meeting,
that immediate steps should be taken to organ
ize a "Constitutional Union Party," pledged to
support "the Union, the Constitution and the en
forcement of the laws."
This organization was accordingly commenced
by the appointment of a "Central Executive
Committee," charged with the general direction
of the party and witb tbe preparation of an ad
dress to the people of the United States.
We need not assure you, fellow-citizens, that
we approach this task with diffideDce and anxie
ty. We are aware of the difficulty which at
tends the endeavor, at any time, to persuade
men to abandon political associations to which
they are allied, either by interest or preference,
and we know how much that difficulty is in
creased when party attachment is heightened by
the ardor of expected success or inflamed by tbe
zeal of opposition. But there are, nevertheless,
junctures when honest-hearted citizens will be
prepared, at any sacrifice of prejudice or opin
ion, to perform this duty to their country.
It is the policy of the dominant parties to un
derrate the real strength of those whom disap
probation, indifference, or disgust force into the
position of neutrals in political warfare. The
ordinary tactics of parties teach them to discour
age those whom they cannot enlist. But the
fact is demonstrable that the number who occu
py tbis position at all times, and more especially
at the present time, constitute a most influential
portion of the whole people. If the investiga
tion could be made, tuere is reason to believe it
would result in disclosing the tact that, as par
ties are now constituted a little less than a mil
lion voters will be driven out of the sphere of ac
tive participation in the coming election. Tbe
old Whig strength ot the country will be found
to furnish no small contribution to tbis mass.
Even those of tbat association who have been
induced to take sides in recent elections with
one or the other opponent divisions, acknowl
edged but scant tealty to their new leaders; and
tbe greater number of them will, it ia believed,
be prompt to join their old comrades in rallying
to a conservative field to fight a new battle for
the cause of the Consitution and the restoration
of lost harmony. Large numbers of tbe old
Democratic party, who withdrew from the line
of march when they discovered it leading to
wards internal strife, and the assault of tbe tra
ditional policy by which that party achieved its
former triumphs, would, we have no doubt, sup
ply a powerful reinforcement to the friends of
the Union.
In the American party, to which the break
ing up of old organizations gave birth, and which
has been active in tbe endeavor to establish an
intermediate power between the contending
forces that have engrossed the field, will be
found a very large element of conservative
strength to increase the volame of the proposed
organization.
If we add to all these that mass of quiet, un
obtrusive citizens, who have always shun
ned the turmoils of political life, content to leave
the destiny of the country in the hands of those
who, in the ordinary condition of the national
progress, were most ambitious to assume its di
rection, and who have reposed snch faith in the
patriotism of their fellow men as to feel no con
cern in the question of the supremacy of party,
but whom the extraordinary incentives of a cri
sis like tbe present mustaws'Seu to the resolve
of an effort to protect the threatened safety of
the confederacy, we have elements sufficient by
their combination to form a great party, to
which additional strength will be imparted by
tbe exalted patriotism of its principles and ob
jects. Moreover, it is only just to tbe two con
tending parties to say, that we do not despair of
finding in the ranks of each, numerous individu
als who, tired of intestine strife, and alarmed
at the threatening aspect of affairs, will unite
with the only party wbich holds out to tbe coun
try a prospect of repose.
Can it be possible that, with so glorious a
cause before us, an appeal to the patriotism of
the land founded on such inducements as the
present exigency supplies, can fall upon unheed
ing ears, or fail to rouse the national heart to
the great emprise of this commanding duty ? —
Now, when every honest and thoughtful citizen
within the broad confines of this Union, every
true son of the Republic at home and every
brother of our lineage abroad, is filled with dis
may at the snddeu rupture of the national con
cord, can it be that the power which is able to
pour oil upon the troubled waters, and bring
gladness back to every man's fireside, will with
hold its hand from the labor? That tbis gener
ation of American citizens, awakned by the clam
or that threatens the integrity of our Union, and
conscious of its ability to command tbe ending of
mad debate, and to re-establish the foundations
of a healthful, just and benignant administration
of the duties and benefits of the Constitution,will
play the sluggard in tbis hoar, and incur the
everlasting shame of looking on upon the demo
lition of this fabric of confederated States? that
this generation will prove itself so false to all
generations to come as to permit, when it has
the power to forbid, the destruction of this glo
rious heritage of so many millions of freemen,
with such immortal memories clustering around
tbe path of their history, witb such grand hopes
hovering over tbe career before them, the cen
tral point of so many blessings, the subject of so
many prayers of the enlightened humanity of
the whole world ?
Let ali men reflect upon the incredible folly
of our quarrel.
The country is wrought into a tempest ot ex
citement. Two great political armies are con
tending for mastery. Both are infuriated with
a rage that threatens fearful extremes. The
great mass of law-abiding citizens are looking
on with amazement, and an ominous apprehen
sion of mischief. And yet there is no danger
impending over the Republic wbich human pas
sions bave not created, and which human wis
dom may not prevent.
We have pointed out the chief source of the
present agitation, and think we have sufficiently
shown tbat neither of tbe two parties wbo are
now seeking to obtain the control of the Gov
ernment can be safely entrusted with tbe man
agement of public affairs. The only way to res
cue the country from their bands is to organize
a party whose cardinal principles sball be: To
remove the subject of slavery from the arena of
party politics, aod leave it to tbe independent
control of the States in which it exists, and to
the unbiased action of tbe judiciary.
To remove all obstacles from tbe due and
faithful execution of the provisions for the ren
dition of fugitive t-laves.
To cultivate and expand the resources of the
country by such protection to every useful pur
suit and interest as is compatible with the gen
eral welfare and equitable to all.
To maintain peace, as far as possible, and hon
orable relations to all nations.
To guard and enforce the supremacy of the
laws by an impartial and strict administration
of the powers granted by the Constitution.
To respect the rights and reverence the Union
of the States as the vital source of present peace
and prosperity, and the surest guarantee of fu
ture power and happiness.
To teach reconciliation, fraternity and forbear
ance, as the great national charities by which
the Union is ever to be preserved ; as a fountain
of perennial bles.-ings to the people.
Let these principles be taken to the hearts of
those who pledge themselves to the support of
the party, and let them actuate their private life
as well as their public duty.
To promote tbis movement, measures should
be adopted with as li.tle delay as possible, such
as will afford an opportunity to the party to ex
ert a controling influence ou the approaching
election, and to select candidates upon whom its
vote may be effectively concentrated.
To this end, we propose that a Convention be
immediately held in each State, wbich shall as
sume the duty of embodying the whole con
servative strength of each in such form as shall
make it most effective.
That each of these Conventions shall make a
Domination of two candidates for the Presiden
cy, (omitting to nominate a Vice-President,) to
be selected from those most eminent and ap
proved in public esteem, one of wbich candi
dates at least, shall be a citizen of some other
State than that in which be is nominated.
That these two candidates from each State
shall be submitted to the consideration of a
General Convention, to be assembled at Phila
delphia, at a time that shall be designated by
tbe National Executive Committee, wbicb Gen
eral Convention shall be empowered to select
from tbe whole number of the nominations traas
mitted to it, a caudidate for President and Vice-
President, as the candidates of tbe Constitution
al Union party.
Tbat tbis general Convention sball consist of
a representation from each State, composed of
the same numbei of members as its representa
tion in the two houses of Congress.
That this representation of each State be cho
sen either by tbe State Convention itself, or in
such other manner as such convention, in view
of the shortness of tbe time for the proceeding,
may appoint.
A convention constituted in accordance with
this plan, we think, would be satisfactory to all
parts of the country, and altogether competent
to the duty ot a discreet and judicious selection
of candidates. Tbe people who have so much
reason, iv their habitual experience of the insuf
ficiency of conventions, to feel no little distrust
of these bodies, might prefer some other mode of
nomination; if a better could now be adopted.
But in the present emergency, wben delay would
render any attempt to make a nomination for
the coming election useless, we are persuaded
they will acquiesce in the plan proposed, as the
best the time will allow.
Such a convention will avoid some of the ob
jections to which the ordinary and accustomed
composition of conventions is exposed. It will
be confined to the single duty of selecting the
candidates from a number of eminent citizens
presented by the several States as worthy of the
first office in the Government; aud it will most
probably, find in the concurring opinion of sev
eral State conventions in favor of one or more
individuals, a useful guide to the most acceptable
nomination. And as it will be restricted in its
choice to the names presented, it will, under no
circumstances, offend the public wish by select-
ing candidates unknown to or nnrespected by
tbe country.
Whether any otber principles than those we
have enumerated, sball be enunciated, it will be
for the Convention to determine. "Platforms"
have been so frequently employed as the shallow
devices of party deception, that they have come
to be viewed with distrust by the people. We
know of no higher and nobler aim tban the re
storation of peace and harmony to a divided and
distracted country, and no platform more ac
ceptable to every true patriot than the "Union,
the Constitution, and tbe enforcement of the
laws."
Fellow-citizens, the task that has been allotted
to us is performed. We have pointed out a path
by which, in our opinion, the country may be
rescued from its perilous position. It is for you
to determine whether you will pursue that path,
or continue in one whioh, however the ap
proaching struggle may terminate, may lead to
victory but not to peace; to a brief cessation of
.trite, but not to a restoration of harmony.
Washington, February 22nd, 1860.
John J. Ceittbndbn, Ky., Chairman.
Wm. O. Rives, Va.,
Washington Hunt, N. V.,
Wm. A. Graham, N. 0.,
Henby M. Fullbb, Pa.,
Jno. P. Kennedy, Md.,
Henby Y. Cranston. R. I, l
Alex. R. Boteleb, Va.,
Jno. A. Rockwell, Ct.,
Jno. Whebleb, Vt.,
J. Morrison Harris, Md.,
Lewis Condiot, _T. J.,
Chas. M. Conrad, La.,
Marshall P. Wilder, Mass.,
Joshua Hill, Ga.,
Jos. N. Snydeb, Ohio,
Jno. Dunham, Conn.,
Jno. A. Gilmer, _T. C,
C. C. Lathrop, Pa.,
R. W. Thompson, Ind.,
_. W. Shelley, Ala.,
Geo. Bbiggs, N. V.,
Wm. G. Brownlow, Term.,
Wm. L. Toole, lowa,
Jno. Wilson, 111.,
Jere Clemens, Term.,
E. J. Whitlook, N. V.,
Committee.
Francis Granges,
Chair'n Nat. Whig Executive Com.
Jacob Broome,
Chair'n Nat. American Executive Com.
A Woman Soldier.
A friend of mine recently called at the Pen
sion Office, for tbe purpose of ascertaining if the
name of Robert Shurtlteff could be found on the
public records as a soldier in the Revolutionary
War. The Commissioner expressed bis doubt?,
but an examination was made, and there the
name was found, as belonging not only to a sol
dier but also to a pensioner. Among the rare
volumes to be found in my friend's library, (I
wish I could say mine,) is one giving the history
of the person who bore the above name, but
whose real maiden name was Deborah Sampson.
It is entitled "The Female Review, or Memoirs
of an American Young Lady," and was publish
ed in Dedham, Massachusetts, in 1797, and tbe
following are tbe leading facts in tbe history of
this remarkable woman:
Sbe was born in Plympton, Plymouth coun
ty, Mass., Dec. 17, 1760, and was a descendant
of Governor William Bradford. Her education
al advantages were limited yet she manifested a
love for natural philosophy, and wben fifteen
years of age, four days before the battle of Lex
ington, bad a fantastic dream, about a battle in
which a voice told her to go forth to encounter
the enemy, which dream undoubtedly had an in
fluence on her subsequent life. In ber nine
teenth year she became a school teacher, and
continued in that employment for two years; as
she advanced in life she became a visionary;
when twenty-one years of age, by way of a frol
ic, she dressed herself in a man's clothes and cut
up some questionable capers ; and soon after that
time, in 1781, was muttered into the military
service at Worcester, Mass., by the name as a
bove mentioned, of Robert Shurflieff. From
Worcester she went to West Point, and there
received the uniform of a soldier in the light in
fantry ; she marched to White Plains, and with
her company engaged a party of Dutch cavalry
at Tarrytown; she was at Yorktown, and per
formed arduous duty during that siege; in a skir
mish with the enemy she was twice wounded,
and lay for a time in a French hospital; she was
one of the detachment sent to subdue tbe In
dians on the Northern frontier; she marched
with fifteen hundred men to Philadelphia to sup
press a mutiny among tbe American soldiers,
where she was taken sick and confined to a hos
pital, and where she was discovered to be a wo
man. After her recovery, in the garb of a gen
tleman, she performed a tour into the mountain
ous region of Virginia; and while on a hunt for
buffaloes with tbe Indians, at night, in an In
dian camp, she shot through the heart an Indian
whom sbe suspected of evil designs; and after
returning to the East, was honorably discharged
in 1783 from tbe army, and resumed her female
attire. She subsequently married, and while
bearing the nam* of Deborah Gannett, was re
warded for her services both by the State of
Massachusetts and the General Government, and
died April 27, 1827, —it having been believed
that her wounds were the immediate cause of
her death. The book from which these facts are
taken belongs to 001. Peter Force, who has pub
lished in the Historical Magazine ample evi
dence of tbe truth of what ia here recorded.—
Chas. Lanman to the N. Y. Observer.
A Quiet Paklor Inmate.—Miss Fuller, in a
late letter from Europe, mentions having become
acquainted with Doctor Southwood Smith, the
well-known philanthropist. "On visiting him,"
says the lady, "we saw an object wbich I had
often heard celebrated, and had thought would
be revolting, but found, on the contrary, an a
greeable sight' this is the skeleton of Jeremy
Bentham. It was at Bentham's request that
the skeleton, dressed in the s_me dress that he
habitually wore, stuffed out to an exact resem
blaco of life, and witb a portrait mask in wax,
sits there as assistant to Dr. Smith, in the en
tertaiment of his guests and as the companion of,
his studies. The figure leans a little forward,
resting the hand on a stout stick which Bentham
always carried, and had named 'Dapple.' The
attitude is quite easy; the expression of the
whole mild, winning, yet highly individual. It
is well known that Bentham, in order to oppose
iv the most convincing manner, the prejudices
against dissection of the human subject, willed
his body to the surgeons, and in a codicil, sub
sequently written, made a final bequest of his
skeleton to his friend, Dr. Smith.
Fkenoh Rifled Cannon.—The following de
scription of the French Rifled Cannon, recently
used by Louis Napoleon with so decided effect
in his late Italian campaign, and particularly
at Solferino, is translated from La Constitution,
published in Yonne, France:
"These guns are bronze four pounder, (diam
eter of the bore 3-316 in.; weight of gun, 660
lbs.) lighter than the other field-peices. They
have six deep grooves, and bave a chamber like
the Delvigne rifle, or the old pattern howitzer.
The projectile rests against the junction of the
bore and the chambers. It is made of cast iron,
cylinder conoidal in shape, similar to the in
fantry musket ball, and is hollow at its base or
rear end. The cylindrical part of the ball is
bored and tapped in six places, to correspond
witb the six grooves of the gun, and short tin
plugs are inserted into these holes. These plugs
are forced out into tbe grooves by the pressure
of the gas, and give the ball the rotary motion
and accuracy of the rifle ball. The projectile is
sometimes made hollow and filled with musket
balls, and is exploded at the desired distance,
by means of a fuse which is cut at the proper
point, according to the time required for the ex
plosion. A movable sight is attached to the
right side of tbe gem. Tbe firing is accurate to
2,000 yards, and the extreme range is said to be
two miles and a half.
They have "chicken disputes" in Hartford,
Connecticut, at the Star House weekly. The
same institution, in Cuba and Mexico, is called
cock-fighting.
[From the Correspondence of the Newark Mercury.]
Interesting from China—Prison Tortures—
A Chinese Court.
From a letter received by Mr. I. M. Andruss,
of this city, from his nephew in Hong Kong,
China, we are permitted to make the following
interesting extracts. The letter bears date of
November 13th, 1869:
"I have recently returned from a trip to Can
ton, where I gathered many items of intelligence
which will be interesting. We were bo fortu
nate, shortly after our arrival, as to secure tbe
services of Rev. Mr. Gray, stationed there as
chaplain, who, being well versed in China af
fairs, played the cicerone greatly to our advan
tage. We commenced our explorations by vis
iting the prisons, happening to hit very fortu
nately, on a criminal court day. We were tbe
first persons ever taken by our guide into a Chi
nese court. The magistrate, 'a very high Man
darin,' knew Mr. Gray, and upon our entering,
stopped the court. We were introduced and in
vited to take seats, which, after a great deal of
bowing and salaaming, we did.
"The Mandarin and ourselves were the only
persons seated in the court —the magistrate's as
sistants always standing during hours. There
were several interpreters present to question the
prisoners on trial, and to answer the Mandarin.
That functionary never demeans himself by
speaking any other dialect than that strictly
Mandarin dialect. There was quite a number
of prisoners, all with manacles upon their limbs
and necks, awaiting their turn for trial. One of
tbem was fastened upon an instrument of torture
called 'the rack,' used to extort confessions, true,
or false, from their victims. Thi3 rack resem
bles a carpenter's saw bench. Tbe victim is
made to kneel, the rack is then placed upon its
end, against bis back. His cue or tail is passed
through a hole in the end of tbe rack, and tied
fast to the upper feet, which strains the cords of
his neck horribly.
"A bandage is then placed across his forehead
and fastened to the end of the rack. A slip
noose is put upon each thumb, by which his
arms are drawn behind him and upwards, and
also made fast to the upper feet. A slip-noose
is also put upon each big toe, which is drawn
upwards and made fast at the same point, and
are drawn so that the victim's knees are about
one inch clear of tbe floor—thus leaving tbe
whole weight of the body suspended by the toes
and thumbs. The victim was kept upon tbe
rack about half an hour, and when cast loose
fell upon the floor—having for the time being
lost all control of bis limbs. He was left lying
as he fell, until his blood resumed its circulation,
when a chain w_s put about bis neck and he
was led away to the dungeon. He was no
doubt convicted of tbe crime with which he
was charged, as be was desirous of kneeling be
fore tbe Mandarin and pleading for mercy, but
was not permitted so to do.
"We followed the prisoner and saw him thrust
into a room witb some thirty others, all of whom
were condemed to death. The cell was very
small, excessively warm, and the stench from
it was, to us, unendurable. Tbe cell had not a
single article of furniture in it, and all the ocou
pants were entirely nude. They greeted us with
'Chin Chin Taipan,' and 'Cunshaw Taipan,'
wbich was, 'How do you do,' Give us a present.'
"We saw also, on our visit, several convicted
felons, undergoing the punishment of the lCan
que,' wbioh consists of a square board with a hole
in the centre, and goes together with hinges.—
It is put upon tbe victim's shoulders, with bis
head through the hole. The 'Canques' are of
different sizes and weights, according to the age
and the degree of crime. Offenders are fre
quently compelled to wear them Irom four to
six months, during which time it is imposible
for them to lie down, and tbey are compelled to
sleep upon their haunches. Several of
them had eaten and slept so loug in one posture
tbat their skin was chafed through, and they
were almost covered with raw sores.
"AmoEg other, whom we saw conSned was
the mother of Tai Ping Wan, the great rebel
chief, of whom tbe Mandarins or Imperialists,
stand in great fear. They have never been able
to defeat him, and have offered large rewards
for bis capture, without success. The Imperial
ists have arrested his mother and all his rela
tives, as far as they have been able to trace
them. His mother is a woman of small stature
and nearly seventy years of age, with hair as
white as snow. She bad heavy chains upon her
ankles, and a chain also around her neck, with
a stone fastened to the end, wbich trailed upon
the ground. The other relatives of tbe rebel
chief were all in chains. The females were em
broidering and tbe males were knitting under
shirts, using small linen twine. We likewise
saw many rebels in chains, with their ears cut
off, and others who had been hamstrung, who
were unable to rise upon their feet, but dragged
themselves along with their bands.
"We next visited the Mohammedan Mosque,
where we saw charts of the pictorial language.
The Mohammedan pagoda is an immese brick
structure, supposed to have been bnilt 70 years
B. C. Its immense weight bad sunk it into the
ground, so that we could just see the arch of the
door. A tree of quite large dimensions was
growing upon the top, the roots of which en
crusted it on the outside. We also visited a
temple where they worship Confucius. It con
tains an image of the object worshipped, and is
the only one of the kind in the empire. It was
erected a few years sicca at the suggestion of
Gov. Yeh. The base of tbe image was shattered
by a ball from an English frigate while shelling
the city in 1856. We visited also the 'Flowery
Pagoda,' which is said to be 1900 years old.—
There is a tradition conneoted with this pagoda
to the effect that its founder stated, upon its
completion, that if the top should ever fall, there
would be trouble in Canton. It so happened
that the top of it fell in September, 1856, and,
the Englieb shelled the city in October of the
same year. The portion which fell, struck the
roof of a joss-house, passed entirely through,
struck a priest who was worshipping and killed
him."
Tn_ Witty Conscript.—Two countrymen
were to draw lots to serve in the militia. The
president of the ballot bad been earnestly solici
ted to save the youngest, and had promised to do
so. In order to keep bis word, without any ap
parent partiality, he put two black tickets into
the box, and said to the men:
"He who draws the black ticket is to serye.—-
You draw first," said he to the man he wished
to go.
This man, suspecting some trick from the un
usual method of balloting, drew his ticket and
immediately swallowed it.
"What have you done?" said the President,
"are you mad ?"
"Sir," he replied, "if the ticket I have just
swallowed is black, tbe remaining one should
be white, in that case I must go; but If I have
swallowed the white ticket, my comrade will of
course draw the black one. You may easily
know the truth."
The president was thus obliged to let both es
cape, to fulfill his promise.
When young Hodge first came up to town,
his father told him it would be polite when be
ing helped at dinner, to say to the host—-
"Half that, if you please."
It so happened that at the first dinner to which
he was invited, a sucking-pig was one of the
dishes. The host, pointing with his knife to the
young porker, asked—
"Well, Mr. Hodge, will you have this, our
favorite dish, or a haunch of mutton ?"
Upon which, recollecting bis lesson, he re
plied :
"Half that, if you please," to the consternation
of all present >
Mind and Matter. —The talented sister of a
learned and humorous man was studying meta
physics. Puzzled by the names of the subject,
she applied to him for the definitions. 'Broth
er,' she asked, 'what is mind ?' Looking trom
his book, he wittily and evasively replied : 'No
matter.' She pondered over the answer, and
presently returning, asked : 'But, brother, what
is matter?' and received the laconic reply
'Never mind.'
No man can be sound in his faith, who is un
sound in his morals.
Neapolitan Cruelties.
In the days of our boyhood, (no matter how
long ago,) when we used to read about the one
eyed giant, whose nightly recreation was to
thrust a spit into one of Sinbad's comrades and
roast him for supper, we thought the story very
entertaining, but decidedly fabulous. The idea
that anything in the shape of a man—even
though a one eyed giant—could be guilty of
such monstrous cruelty, was too absurd to be
credited. But in comparison with Neapolitan
Kings, this cannibal was a model of kindness.—
Less than a year ago, it was our province to call
public attention to the expected arrival of a
score or two of hapless exiles, some of whom
had spent an ordinary lifetime in the horrible
prisons of Naples. These exiles, as our readers
will perhaps remember, had committed no crime,
even against tbe laws of their despot-ridden
land. Baron Poerio, the chief man among these
unfortunates, bad been the adviser of King Fer
dinand—or as he was more generally known by
Punch's nick-name—of King Bombs, be was
imprisoned solely because he entertained liberal
sentiments; and according to Mr. Gladstone, be
spent ten miserable years in a prison, •- the de
scription of whose horrors exceeds anything
tbst has ever been said or imagined _f Pande
monium.
A few months ago, King Ferdinand died, and
was buried, and Francis the Second ascended
tbe throne of Naples and the two Sicilies. We
looked for some salutary changes in tbe govern
ment, for two or three reasons. In the first
place, there had been some successful revolu
tions not far from tbe dominions of the new
King, and there were two or three Italian princes
playing tbe role of the fugitive, and it was not
entirely beyond tbe bounds of possibility for
Naples to follow the example of Tuscany. Strin
gent as the rale of the banished Dukes had
been, they had never been guilty of a tithe of
the ferocious cruelty practiced in Bomba's do
minions ; and whatever excuse the oppressed of
Tuscany and Parma might have for rebellion,
tbat plea would be ten times more appropriate
in Naples. Besides this, the openly expressed
opinions of all civilized governments were a
gainst tbe remorseless tyranny of Naples and
Trans-Alpine Austria, and on tbat account the
side of France and Sardinia was everywhere the
popular side in the late quarrel. But above all,
the King was a young man ;he had not been
case-hardened by a long life of cruelty, and there
was some room to hope that be was capable of
human sympathies.
Alas! the whelp of the tiger does not belie bis
birth. The dead brute whose whole life was a
history of wickedness, greater tban that of Nero,
and who died, loaded with the curses of a thous
and victims, —bas left a son wbo inherits his *
nature as well as his throne. Tbis young blood
sucker has all the ferocity of the wolf, with all
tbe cunning of tbe fox. His kingdom is 8 king
dom of spies, and every man within bis domin
ions wbo is not himself a mouchard, knows him
self to be tbe cynosure of a hundred watchful
eyes. Recently, we hear of tbe disappearance
of men, who are known to bave avoided the
smallest allusion to politioal subjects, and who
have been seized and incarcerated without trial
only for the purpose of striking terror into the
hearts of all who knew and miss them. Others
have been exiled to different parts of the king
dom, for no imaginable fault, and bave been re
duced to beggary and almost starvation—for the
mere gratification of a more than fiendish ca
price. There is no fable on record, in wbich re
lentless barbarity is depicted, that is nearly ecjual
to the true history of this young monster.
We are painfully impressed with the sense of
our helplessness when we read the accounts of
these atrocities. Not only as individuals, but aa
a nation, we are unable to do anything for tbe
relief of the down-trodden of otber lands. Tbe
expression of our sympathy cannot reach them,
aud the dread of our power does not deter their
tyrants from tbe commission of the most flagrant
outrages. If anything could shame the dema
gogues wbo foster and make capital of our inter
nal dissensions, we would suppose tbe story of
Neapolitan cruelties would have that effect. If
we were a united people—if the thought of dis
union was everywhere rejected with horror as
it should be—the time is not far di.-tant when
we might make our voice heard in behalf of the
oppressed everywhere. Nay, these outrages
wouk' not be perpetrated in the presence of the
representatives of America if peace reigned with
in our borders. What should hinder us from
saying to this pitiful young brute: u We will
no longer tolerate tbis iniquity. If you dare to
commit these offences against humanity, we will
blot your Kingdom out of the map of the world?"
— Halt. American.
A good lady who had two children sick with
the measles, wrote to a friend for the best reme
dy. The friend had just received a note from
another lady, inquiring the way to make pickles.
In the confusion the lady who inquired about
pickles received the remedy for the measles, and
the anxious mother of the sick children read
with horror the following: "Scald them three
or four times in very hot vinegar, and sprinkle
them well with salt; in a few days they will be
cured."
A countryman who came to one of our hotels,
wrote after'his name, 'P. O. P. S. F. o.' Here
was a title which none but himself understood.
'Pray, my dear sir,' asked the barkeeper, 'what
do all those letters stand for ?' Stand fori why
that's my title.' 'Yes, sir, but what is your ti
tle?' Why, Professor of Psalmody and School
master from Connecticut.'
The Lover's Puzzle.—To learn to read the
following, so as to make good sense is the mys
tery :
I thee read see that me.
Love is down will I'll have
But that and you have you'll
One and up and you if
On a late ascension of an aeronaut, a gentle
man requested to be allowed to accompany him
into tbe upper regions. "Are you good temper
ed?" asked the aeronaut. "I believe so," said
tbe other, "but why do you ask?" "For fear
we may fall out on the way."
In a crowd, looking at the body of a man killed
on a railroad, a fat Dutchman remarked, 'In the
midst of life we are in det.' A son of tbe Em
erald Isle standing by, answered, 'Bejabers, ye
may well say tbat, for he owed me two dollars.'
Love is the shadow of the morning, which de
creases as the day advances. Friendship is the
shadow of the evening, which strengthens with
tbe setting sun of life.
It is worthy of notice that, while second
thoughts are better in matters of jadgment, first
thoughts are always to be preferred in matters
tbat relate to morality.
A correspondent who signs herself "Sophia,"
says that woman is twice as good as man, and
proves it thus by the very orthography—W-o
m-a-n—double you 0 man!
What is the difference between a man who
keeps dogs, and one who has nine walking
sticks ? One owns ca-nines and the other nine
canes.
Nothing casts a duller cloud over the mind
tban discontent, rendering it more occupied a
bout the evil tbat disquiets it than the means of*
removing it.
Reckon upon benefits well placed as a treasure
that is laid up; and account thyself the richer
tor that which thou givest a worthy person.
A wag once remarked tbat the reason why
unmarried ladies looked so often at the moon
was the vulgar belief that there was a man in it\
If exercise promotes health, those who collect
old bills for editors should be among the longest
lived people on earth.
He who will not reason is a bigot; be who
cannot is a fool; and be who dares not is a
slave.
it has been suggested by some one that mat
rimony might be very appropriately styled, "m_t
ter-of-inoaey."
NO. X.