Richmond enquirer. [volume], December 03, 1829, Image 1

About Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867

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tty Tim KSUUItU'tt i* puUIUhed twice a week generally ami
three time* a week during the *o**ion of the rjtntu Legislature
Price, tl*o same a» heretofore. KivulMlur* pur annum, payable in
advance. Noteaef chartered, specic-paymg banks, (only) will bo
teeeivoil in paymant. The Editor* 'will gurantue tlio safety of re
mitting them by mail; the postage of all letter* being paid, by tiro
writer*.
{QT No paper will be discontinued (but at the discretion of the
Editor*) until all arrearage* hnvo been paid up.
£3^ Whoever will guurunteu tire payment of nine paper* shall
have the tenth GKA'I'tH.
TBKM8 ok AOVKRTtiMNlJ.
One square, Oil LKd8—First insuitiou 75 cent*—each con
tinuance, :>H emit*.
».*No ailvertisement imertnd, until it hnaeithrr boon paid fur, or
auumod bv *onie person in this city, or it* environ*.
n—lM«og ow ■*now%Tt •jm*rin.l-"J*i'-ui niow^ffwneM
.x'Eir .i i) i'r-:/rrrsi-:.MK.\'Ts.
| anttUST SALE —In pursHinrt of a dcnl ol trust
■ eivruicil hv Gen. J bn Brawn, 'o the subscriber,
healing <lale file 31»t tiny of March, 1820, and of record
in the olficd of (he County Court of Augusta, and at llie
request of tit** parties concerned, I will p-ocre«l io sell,
on Che 28tl» day of Deccunber next, belore llie front
door of Mr*. Ann Chamber’* Tavern, in the Town ol
Staunton, all the slaves conveyed in vaid trust, amount
ing to upward* of thirty; souia ol which are v*ry valua
ti'e house servant*; a good ll'a-k Smith; a li-*t late
Shoe-maker; a number of very likely hoy* anil girl*,
&.c.—They will he sold on n credit of nine month* —
tlio purchaser* giving bond* with go >d security with
interest from the date.
DANIEL SIIEFFEY. Tru*tee.
Dec. ». ___63—w4w
1NDUCATION —The >ub*n ib*r, having employed a
24 young gentleman wall qualiticd. a* an a-*i<!aut,
in to,id* to open a school, the eit-tiing war, at Hickory
Botom, in tbs Cmiitty of Hanover.—The course of in
atructien will embrace the Latin an I French Languages,
th* various branch** ol Mathematical science, Natmal
and Noral Philosophy, At'ronoiny, Geography, with
the uie of (he Maps and Globe*, English Grainm
&c.—Thu school will commence on tb* 15th of Janu
ary, and terminate on the 13th of Dseeu.bvr.
Tilers will !>-• a vacation of one month, ir. the sum
mer.—Tlio price of board, tuition, washing and lodg
ing, will be one hundrdd dollar* — for board and til lion
alone, ninety doll it*, payable, in each ca<e. on« half
on the l«t ol June, and llieotlier half, on.the lath ol
December.— Hi* re*idence is a'-oui twenty-six iiiiIhv
above Richmond, -a.*. I in one of 'he in ut healthy and
reqieetablo neighbourhood* in Virginia. — It is on tlio
road, leading from Colonel Good ill'* Tavern to Frede
ricksburg.
The subscriber pl-dges him-elf to pay strict attention
to th* tuition and inoral* of the boy*, intrusted to hi*
instruction, (.alter* addressed to Moutp«lier Po*l O.Tice,
tl anover County, will lid alleude I to.
J. I). O BROWN.
Dec. 3. 63—w7i”
IN CII VNOEKY.—Statu of [North C arolina, Uran
villu Cou-ity, November Term, A. I). 1823
Samuel 8. Duiuey, Executor t>». Smith, Murplicy
ami other*.
Caveat to thn p iba'e of a paper wri'ing, purporting
to be the last will ami Testament ol John O. Smith,
dec’ll.
tl l< ordered hy the Court, that notice be given by
ad verlUm-ut lor fix work* in the Richmond En
quirer and Raleigh Star, to the Trustee.* or Di
rector* ol the F'linU Humane Society of Rich
mond and Slate of Virginia, Dr. Thomas Nelson,
William Ford, Sunuel O Smith Franei* Sm-th, Thom
as Smith, Williamson and Jane Smith, Williamson, who
are legatee* in iU>* paper-writing which ia here otf-r
ei| as the last Will and Testament of John G. Smith
DecM,that thi* suit is now in this Comt, and that they
may appear ami make ihemssives parties to tin* conlro
versy if thry thiok proper, at the Court of Pleasant
Quarter Session* to lie he'd for III* County and Slate
aforesaid, at the Court liou*a in Oxtord on the first
Monday in February next.
Witness, STEP. K. SNEED. C.
Dec. 3. BA -nfin*
RIMERS’ HANK OF VIRGIN I \—The animal
. meeting of the S'ockholder*. lor the « lection ol
Directors of the Hank and of «lie Office* of*Discount and
Deposit, will be lit-hi on Wednesday, the C»h day of
January next. WM. NEKERV1S, Ca*hier,
» • . <) — 2.1 IV bill)
NOTICE.—The Co-partnership lieretotoro existing
between S. C. Farrar and'A. C.-Vaughan, nnd< r
the tirm ol Farrar and Vaughan, is this day dissolved
by mutual consent. S. C Fjrtar, i* uuthoiisrd to col
lect all moneys dun the concern, ami to pay the feto
remaining debts due hv it. S. C. FvHR.Af?,
D«% .3 tl —li* II. C. VAUGH\N.
A FEMALE TEACHER.—A young/ lady who has
had several years experience in Inching, »vi«lie»
a situation in a private fatally; i-nr up the country
would t>e preferred. Sh<- i* qualified to tc.icli all the
branches <d an English education, wi'.h music, n»*dle
irork, be. kc. For information, apply to Mr. .l ime*
Winston, Richmond, or Mr. Thomas Shore of Pe
tcrsbui f.
l>-e 3 fit—n.lvr.
Ha.vk or- Virginia, >
jYovrmhrr, 30, 1320 $
Til ' annual meeting of the Stockholder* ol the Hank
of Virginia will take place on the lirst Monday in
January. IV M DANDR1DCL, ( ashier.
I)?r. 3. HB —tl
A YOUNG GEN I'LEMaN,— who deem* himself
qualified to in*triirt in the Greek, Li'in, at.d
F.cnch Language* and the ordinary branches o! M a
thematic*, wt*h*a in obtain a situation a* a t -acher in
s-ini public or private cemhnry or in a jiriva:e lauilly.
—Testimonials will he produced ,f required.
1 A lat’er directed to N. M. Liid-ay’* Store Albemarle,
wid I * ailernled 'o— Inloriuat'on n.av aim b-- o'da'lieil
by applying to H nj tini'a F Mi.-hi- E q, ol Richmond
HENMAMI.N F MICH IE.
D.c 3. 68—w3w
8^1-33\Y.3 ON HAN KING.—Col ;n* St Co have
tills* day published E-say* on Hanking; otig'naily
t-i the Rirhmond Enquirer, (under the riguattiro ot
Geo. Clinton) corrected and luiptoved, and enlatged
ly two additional nnlilher* now first pul.I -'lied.
For #ale by I! nrv VVliit*, Pet’ r-htirg, V\ ai. F Gray,
Frederick*barg, C. H »n*.il, Norlo k, -\. R North,
Lynchhnrg, C. I*. M’Kennie, Oliai loiteaville, P.
Thompson, Washington city, and F. Lucas, Jr , Halil*
inore.
Nov. 28. 05— B If
J%-|AN AGEKS' OFFICE.—Til.-’ |..ll.»IVii;g aic Ihu
X7 S inimber* drawn in tho Ddaware and Sou.fi
Carolina Lottery Extra 11:
'38 hi Hi 18 47 13 40 II
13 47 43 Capital af $2 000
40 47 48 “ 1.200
Id 40 43 " 800
16 40 53 ** 150
13 33 47 " 1"0
A’l the above Capital* sold.it retail, at tin Msna
gci's Olfice. and all ownrd in Rirhmond—For |n i7.es,
*e*k ll*ad Quarter*. YATES it McINI YRL,
D„c. i 67 - It Man »gor«.
RICHMOND DOCK LOTTF.RY.
y *30 hr Drawn in thin City, on Friday the 11/A of
U next month, ( Dtcrtnhrr )
PRIZES!
1 of $15,000
i •• a.ooo
I « 4,000
1 •« 3,000
1 •« 2,025
ft of fl.noo
5 •• 610
6 ■« 400
10“ 800
10 “ 200
Kf. ft'*.
Ticket# ft5-H*tve* .•»2 30—Quarter* $1 25.
For eale by E. MICK EE,
Where the Capital Fnteof $1 000 in the Eft Con*
e'Ctirnt lottery ere* #ohl ami pai l, l>r*«i«l**e liuuterou#
0 iirt capital* eot,| anil ca.hul within e few month#.
B J’Or.tei* i, r Tirkeie Irom Ilia country will he
promptly attein)e<l lo. A«Mre#« l«
K. MICK EE, Richmond, V*.
Nov. 2 1 64 —IH
f JM|I E Sp. eel e* ot Om. Rouen r II. Tar mu. •*. de
1 livrreil In the Convention ol Virginia, on Mon*
tEy, Orl. 26, Upon the eubjerl of the Right ol Suffrage,
|t.,<i< of Repre-entation, *n<l Tatation.—Thai ot Judge
Anri. I’ CraHVK. a# Ueliver#tl in lit* Convention, on
TuriiUy.Oel. 27, upon tin* #nlj*-rt of the «• lla-i* ol Re
1 re*enfrition/* — anti lit *t of I nor»r a* R. Joy n r*, ft* * ^ •
a*rlellvernl In Four rilo t, on lliumley, Nov. 6, upon
th<* euhj-et of the of Ifepieventaliou.”
Printed, ami for Sale, by f. II, WHITE.
At hi# Pi Inti tut Otlice
Nov. 26. 65-31 opporlfe the Bell Tavern.
VIRGINIA: At Rules holden in the Clerk’s Office of
ths Superior Court of Chancery for the Richmond
District, the 3rd day of August 1321).
Joliu Robertson, Esq. Attorney Guiieral of the Com
monwealth of Virginia, lor and on behalf of said Com
monwealth, dels,
against
Mary W. Hicks, James Winston, Pleasant Winston,
Nathaniel Winston, Elizabeth Clarke, lla/.lctt Kyle aud
Lucy his wife, George Winston, Amelia Winston, Tho
mas H. Winston and Virginia J. \\ iuston, children aud
heirs of George Winston, dec. the two last being in
fants, Judiolli Winston, widow, and Win. D. Wien, ad
ministrator ol the said George Winston, dcc'd. David
Uullock, James Shippard, Edmund I). Crenshaw, N. C.
Crenshaw, Benjamin Sheppard and Charles Copland,
Defls.
The defendant Thomas II. Winston, not having enter
ed his appearance ami given security according to the
Act of Assembly and tho Utiles of this Court, and it ap
pearing, by satisfactory evidence, that he is not an inhabi
tant of this country: It is ordered, that the said defendant
do appear here on the first day of the next January term,
I answer the hill of tho plaintitf; and that a copy of
this order be firthwith inserted in some newspaper pub
lished in the city of Richmond, lor two months succes
sively, ami ported at the front door of the Capitol, in the
said City. A Copy. Teste,
WM. G. PEN DLETON, C. C.
oct. n. 45—w3w
IN CHANCERY—At Kulss held in the Clerk's
Ollice ol the County Court of Amelia, for the monili
vi November, 1.82!).
John F. Jeter, Complainant
against
Peter Burton, executor of Emily Elliurlon, (former
ly Emily Clarke,) the wit* of a certain Peter Elling
ton, amt Lucy Aon Pvllard, Defendant*.
The Defendant L'lcv Ann Pollard, not having enter
ed her appearaucs, and given security according to the
Act o! Assembly, and the Rules of this Court ;l*nd ii
appearing that the said L. A. Pollard, is not an inhabitant
ol this Common wealth :—On the motion of the Plaintiff,
it is ordered, that tho said Lucy Ann Pollard do appear
before the Justices of our said Court, at the Courthouse
thercol on the fourth Thursday in January nevt and an
swer the C.-iupla nani’s Hill. And that a copy of this or
der lie forthwith inserted in some Newspaper published
ill the City ol Richmond, for two months successively,
and another copy bo posted up at the front door of the
Courthouse of this County on two successive Court
days. A Copy—Teste,
' JOHN T. LEIGH, c. a. c.
Nov. 1.0. 02—w8w
laLbLl btllOOL. — M y School will be continual
► 5 *h« ensuing year. The course of instruction will
embiarc ilie Greek ami Ea'in Language-,Mathematics,
Arithmetic, Geography, with the use of Maps ami
l.lilif*; English Grammar, Engli*h Ctompoailion Jce.
rim School will commence on ihe 25th day ol January
1*35. ami terminate on the lOih day of December lol
lowing.
I'nere will l e a vacation of four weeks, commencing
on ilie 12th day ol June.
The rh..rge for Im.if.l, tuition, washing? lodging and
fuel, will be one hundiwd end ten dollars, payable, one
halt, on tlie 1 si d iy ol June 1339, and the other halt on
(lie l-t day ot December following.
I 11« discipline of the school will he parental, and as
inncli care and kinJuess w ill lie extended to boys con
fided toiny instruction, as to my children.
No buy, more tha:t 13 years old, will be admitted
into lire School, unless lie shall lie personally known
to me lor oidei ly, exemplary deportment.
My residence is remote from the haunts of vice and
immorality, and remarkably healthy . It is situated In
the county of Louisa, 38 miles horn Richmond, and the
like di-tance from Fredericksburg. The stage bom
f redeitrksburg to Catter*viHe passes by my residence;
ami that from Richmond to Il >r.isouburg, within a shorl
distance of it.
Letters to me should be directed to Gar Inn’s X
Roads, Louisa. WILLIAM NELSON, Jr.
»*•••• 7-_ _____ 67—wlf
A GREK WJLY to the proviiions if a deed of trust
s at. executed to us by illi.un t) \\ atsou lor purpos. s
thertin spi cified, hearing date on flic 22od day of July,
1829, and duly recorded in the otlice ot the Clerk ol
t.'umbrrland, >ve ‘hall, on Saturday^ the 19th day of De
cember next, on ilm pmoi.es. sell to the highest hid ter,
at public sale, tor rash, x tract ol Land lying in die low
er end ol Cumberland, “containing 311 acres more ot
less.” Also, one other tract of I md in said county,
near the former, “containing 110 acres more or less,”
which said tract-, of land arc mote particularly describ
ed in said deed. Also, the billowing slaves, to wit:
Walker, Peyton, Lozy and In r child, Hurwell U Char
lotte; also, the crops ol coin, wheat and tobacco now on
hand, two horses,a fine middling stallion,several yoke ol
oxen, and (be household and ki'.chen furniture of .aid
H aison, or so iiiilrh tit.rent as may he sufficient to sa
tisly die requisitions of said deed. The title' is bcliev
ed to he good; lint we shall convey such only as is vest
ed in us under (h ■ I'rust Deed.
Samuel hatcher,).
EDWARD W A J SON, $ 1 r'*9,ec'
Cumberland, Nuv. 10. 58 —wills
fSIHE suhscrib-.r’H proposed school will open on the
5ft. 1st ol January next, and he will continue to re
ceive die offer of Pupils, until the number reaches 30—
that being his limit. Lest the terms in his former atlvcr
1 tisenicut may not have been noticed, he will lepeat that
they are, $I$U for the scholastic year of ten mouths.
Om> vacation only, will he given from the 1st of August
I to the 1st of October, during w hich the board w ilf be
.■*>25 for those who cliuse to remain. Half yearly pay
ments will be required in advance. These w ill deli ay
! all expenccs, except for apparel, mending, hooks and
stationary. The two last w ill be furnished, if desired,
I lor cash, on as good terms as they can he procured else
where; while the inch ling can be done at a very trilling
J cost by sempstresses in the neighbourhood, who will re
ceive and deliver their ( loathes when required. The
various branches taught, and the methods pursued, will he
such as to give the Ikiyt all the requisite preparation for
entering any (H the Colleges or Universities in the Uni
ted States. Hut tlicir moral education will he made the
primary and paramount object of attention.
N. II. Direct letters (post paid) to the subscriber at
Richmond, until the Convention i isos; Afterwards to Elm
Wood, Essex County, Virginia. T.te distances to tliia
place from the the 3 following well known points, ate
55 miles north of Richmond, 18 east of the Howling, am!
31 south of Fredericksburg. The steamboat I'aluvcnl
pas.es within 3 1-2 miles of it,every Thursday from Haiti
iiioi c, and returns from Fredericksburg, every Saturday.
JAMES M. GARNETT.
The Editors of the National Intelligencer and Freder
icksburg Herald, wil! please insert trie above.
Elm-Wood, Essex County, Va. ort. 10. 45—w2tn
8 J9UBLIO SALK.— Pursuant t<* an order made by
tlio llou. Win. G'rancli, Chief Judge of the Cir
cuit Court of tlio District of Columbia, In the matter of
John Davis, an insolvent debtor, will be sold, at public
auction, on the 1st day of March next, ail the right, title
and Interest of the said Davis, in and to a tract of land
In Kanawha County, in the Male of Virginia, lying on
i.ik liver, on the ft. K. aide, above and below the month
of lllne Creek, supposed to contain about 30,000 acres.
Sale to take pla>-e at tlio Irnli in Queen Hotel, in the
<-ily ol Washington, kept by Jesse Drown, at 4’ oclock,
Terms—A Credit of twelve months, the purchase mo
ney to 11" secured by the purchaser's bonds, with se
curity to bo approved bv the Trustee.
TIIOS. HUOHBfl, Trustee.
P. MAUKO Si SON,
■ • 13 37 wtds Auctioneers.
rfll AIOI •■.•it ice horse and
El stallion, will make hi< next season at Hoydton,
Mecklenburg County, Va. Tho terms, &<;. will be n.adc
known in due tinie. AVM TOAVNKji,
Boyd ton, Nov. 20. do—2aw3w
gBlCHMOND ROLLING f. RL1TT1NO MILL
AND NAIL MAN UK ACTOR V.— For sale
on very reasonable terms, from 1,500 to 2,000 keg*
of rut nails anti brads, of various sixes, fiom 3d to
40d, in kegs from moibs. to 2001 bs.—warranted to be
made from Swedish Iron, and not from l’ig, or Bloom
lron,a« is customary in the Northern States.
ALSO,spikes from 3 to 7 Inches,clinch Nails of differ*
ent sixes, suitable for tobacco kegs, anil blitls, mil rods,
horse-shoe Iron, rolled Iron of different widths,— ami
are prepared to cxerute with despatch, any enters in
this line, and we request merchants ami others who ileal
in nails, &e. to apply, if they want a full assortment.
Oct. 8. M -2aw2m P. HAXALL & CO.
_ 3fQ»liWMh_
LATER FKOM ENULvMlL
New Yoke, Nov. 2tf_The ship Si. George, Cap
lain Taubmau, arrived yealerday fioni Liverpool,
whence she sailed on Sunday, the 25th ultimo, furnish
ing us with London date* to the 2ih inclusive, oi e
day later than previously received. They contain no
thing ol inniiiont. The American Mioialcr, Mr. M’
Lane, and ihe Rt. lion. Sir. Word Canning, transacted
bunne-s on the 23d at the cilice ol Secretary ol Stale
lor Foreign Afl.iiis. An arlit-le under date ol London,
October 24, say*, vety ti tle doubt is now entertained
hut that the Emperor of Hus*ia will conf .rin liiins-ll to
the suggeatiun* and wishes ol his allies, and so iitodii
lale the term* and condition* ol tiro treaiy ol peace as
shall sati'ly Europe—Accounts frouiG.noa mention
that on the night ol the 7th ol Ocioher, a aeveie slot m
was experienced there vv Inch lasted horn 11 o'clock at
night until 4 o’clock the next morning, and that great
apprehensions were eutei tained lor the safety of the
numoiou* shipping in the po t. The difficulties of the
Dank ol Lisbon are said to have been caused by a re- !
quisithm made on it by Dan Mi/uel who wanted mo- 1
uey to raise troep*. The coun’ry is represents I a* be- i
ing involved ill much pecuniary distress, and many
ovvneis ol pitipei ty are unable lo derive suffi.'ieiit in
come Iruin their estate* to pay the taxes imposed on
•hem. ‘Die following paragraphs are all that we It.id
vvoiih copying:
AMNKSIY IN SPAIN.
London, October 24.—The King of Spain has been
granting lavouis and houpur* in Ins rejoicing for the
landing of his expedition on the coast ol Mexico. The I
loilowiii)* are ststeil to be certainly known: a general
amnesty for all political offences and opinion*; it wiil, j
ho we va r, he aiill lor bid leu to certain person* to appro*'~k '
tha capital. All tlie Spanish Minish-i* receive (lit
Grand Cordon of Charles III; and the Neapolitan Ain- i
hiitsadors at Madihl, and the NcapoVan Minister of.
Foreign Affair*, received the order of tli* Goldvu Elaace. i
Pi;* Prince I)' Anglotia, Marque** de Mon Sa'ud, and i
General Morillo, vvho i* Count de Cariliagetia, aie ile- !
dared to he purifi-d, and are ie*lored lo their ranks ;
ami honors. Brigadier Gen -ral- Harradasaud Libor le, I
who commanded the expedition against Mexico, aie
promoted * urale anil created nol»l«*inen of C4itiL\
e have ree>-ive<! Pcterstiu- 'It papers to the Stli |
inst. They do not contain the Treaty ot Peace hat went
Kusri.i and I'ttrkcy, and are destitue of new*.
A letter ho.it Lgina s»v*, that the President, Fount i
Capo d’ Istrii, arrived tlirra from Poros on the 5 h ol
September, on hoard the frigate Hell ide, and th it he
was received with the usual honours A monk, who
arrived on Ihe titlt ol September at Kgina, from the
convent JeriHiilum, near D.ttilia, at the foot of Parnas- t
sua, infill III* u* that 4000 Albanian* had penetrated »•
far as thn plains of Turkorhori, by the drt»! ■* ol Mount 1
Oeta They e#co : >d 3000 beasts of burthen; loaded |
with biscuit and outer provi-ion*. K*rata**o had a
tew day* previou>ly, left hi* position near llutonitai. i
I lie I tirk* halted there two day* in otder to convince
(heui*olvca whether the enemy was behind the detile*
ol 1‘oiilana and \V assihko. Tile inhabit Jilt* of these I
countries bail escaped to the mountain*, leaving the
pioducs of the harvest in tho hand* of the cn-mv."
D.-motriua Ypsitanti occupies whli about 3000 men, :
ilia village cd Sletrenico, Petra, and several o*her posi- j
lion* of the 11 el I icon. a* well a* the route* which lead
toward Delphi and Salma, to the South ol Parnassus. It
is behoved that Karatasso is near Ambliani.
Ill the Hevenue Account* litely published, tho »
mount »( iluty paiil on foreign corn imported i* not di*»
linguistic I from oilier Custom House du'ies. A report
prevails, however, which i* probably correct —that du
rmg thn last quarter the deficit iu llie Customs, nearly
£-100,000 on the whole year, ha* been compensated bv I
the la* go turn paid as duty on foreign rorn. Whether!
the government intended th* present Corn Hill to he a |
sum re of revenue or not —and we believe it did—it ac- '
lually i* so to a con-idei able extent. It spp. srs frotn a
llctiirn, ordvred liy the I louse of Common* to be pr nt
•d. under the act of 182S. between die iiiniuhs ot duly.
1323, and February, 1829. inclusive, was £258,983, of I
which £158,511 were paid baiweei. October and Fell- I
ruary, and conns within flits veal’s account*, it ha* :
been s.iii! by Mr Whitmore, that (lies'. H Main aitnii- 1
ally consume* six million* qu triers mor» com than she
produces. Of lhe*e six millions, three are luriiish d
by Itelaiid, three !>v foreigner*; »o lint, in *pi'e cl our
prohibitory Law, which existed up to 1823. we have
actually become dep. ndenl on fo. eign ci unliivs fur a
l bout a tenth part of our annual subsistence.
I I he London Gazette ol Oct. 23, contain.* a Proctama- '
lion, aiifiotinriiig (hat hi* M»j sty, by and with the ad- |
vice ol his Privy Council, orders that so nnicli of t!.e ,
aet* passed in the sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, and '
ten'h years ot his Majesty’s reign, a* impose pruhihi- j
lions and lestr'ctiun* on the importation of goods info |
•he Hiitish possession* ill Ametica, and tho Island of
Maui i'ius, and »* relates to die entry of vessels and
goods, inwards ami outwards, in'o tho*e possessions,
ami Ihe Island aforesaid, and to the prevention of smug
gling, shall he extended and made epplh able to his
M. jssty’s settlement* at Siena Leone, & all other of his
settlement* on the we«tein ro*«t of Africa.
A) uyitJS 3 '.V A Q .
I’ll tough ilia politeness of a friend we are enabled to
publish the following document, wbirlt decides the
que-tion of r»uk in Hie case d (1 n. Scott: [Hall. R,/>.
Adjutant General's OrncE, )
Okiikr No. 7 II nshiugli’H, *V»,t> 20, 1829. J
B'. Major General (1 i i. o s will assume com in an I of
the Western Dcpaiiment.
H . Major General Scott will assume command of the
Ea-tciu D-pirtmeii'.
lit. Major General Gaines will continue the Inspec
tion in which lie i* now engaged, and. ivnen completed,
will make his report thereof to the General - in-Chic f,
fcr hi* iuf.trma'ion.
liy order ol Alexander Macomb. M»j r General
Gornin.Hiding th • At my. If. JON IN, A-'j'. Grit.
a arr further informed that, in conformity with tho
above order. Major (i-i.eial Scott has assumed the
command ol the KiMerti D*p»rtiu»tit ot th* Army.
_Pff iLADSLPftv a , Nor. 97. I'li- * at h of • . f fon« 11
y umiOToi, one of the Judge* of tha Huprrm , (\nirt of tlio I '.
Matos, wus yoitenlay announced by tbo District Attorney, to the
t tMirl of Nisi l*ritiay holding by Judgo Todd, mid to the f);«tri<*t
romtot tbo nty nod county of Philadelphia, holdim; by Judge
If a Howell. Ihitb Court* adjourned imtuo tiately.
I liia truly eminent mid just ly venerated man died at the Mansion
House Hotel, in tlii« city, at about ‘J o’clock yesterday, after an ill
ness of sotnewb.it less tban two month*. Ilo arrived early in Oc
to!i<«r, nit hit way to Fronton, to open tho Circuit Court, mid com
plained tlm morning following of being unwell, Hu nevertheless
nont to New Jersey, ami discharged hi« public duties with accus
tomed energy and ability. A* toon as tho husi.ic** vrm disposed of,
he hurried hack to Philadelphia, to avail himself of tbo medical
advice of hi* favorite physician, Dr. Chapman. 'Pirn disorder in
creased rxpully.'--and ho seamed early impressed with tho belief
that he should not overcome it. The hope that he woulj be able
to go through tho duties «*f tlm recent s *sioo of tliu Circuit Court
of the United fltattnr was not entirely, however, abandoned, until a
week of the time bid elapsed, ^inco then, he hit* Ik'imi oaen
sieunlly thought hotter: hot was never ahfe to «ptit his chamber,
and hi* strength constantly dfculnishod. For the last three day*, no
pro*gc« t of recovery remniuod to cheer hi* friends. Hi* family for
famiTely reached here in time to console hi* concluding h f rs, and
to givu Jo the final departure front this worl I, one of tlm important
eoit)forts of which it i* suaceptihle.
Jml^e Wauiiiotoi «ii in tlio ••renty-ftrst year of his ago,
lie lind I the science w hi ti ho afterw ir is adorned and nx
ailed, ift the offtce of JF./«arr, F.sj. the rttify Judge of the
Himromo Court of the United Hlnfo* yet Furnished by Pennsylvania.
After practising, with iniich reputation, but fur nine ve»tr§ nt the
luf in Virginia, Pie wits npitoluted in 1707, by Pragjdertt John Adam*,
to a vacant sent In tfu highest |tidich| fribtnvt of* the natio-t. Ilo
has over slft^c been distinguished for his untiring devotion to his
arduous an I Interesting duti**— for gr^at sagacity and learning—for
ftrm integrity of ptir|m«c and nimlFi rt.*st simplicity of manner*.
The profession of which lio was a bright ornament, and tbo court
try for which he so long and so faithfully, and *<iu«’fully hhnurad,
will deeply regret his lou, and never ceare to remember him with
admiration and gratitude. (Vrah'ns/.
A'arth- Kn»t*rn Hounlur*/—We !e*rn, says the
Montreal Gazette, from a «oi»rre on winch we place
implicit reliance, hat hl« Sir Howard IJjtt
fcla*% and tfie H trtoruhle Ward ClllpVVWIfl, were Id »t>.
|f**r before the King of tlie Nettierliin.l« in lh« be
<;nr in* of J unary n»at, on the nil>|i>rl of the North
Ka.tern Miundary. It will he rvcollccled thil ihr de
eieinn of tM* Ions contented qiieetlon between G. Rnt«in
»rnl tlie United State*. wa* referred to the decision ol
'In* Pi into by the two |*.w*r*.
Opening rj Ihr ff'elland Catl'il —The Canal Intel
licence of the 11 lit, contain* ill* following p.rtlgri.phi
" Wo are an'hoiiaed to annotiiico to Ih** public, tint,
agreeably to tlie arrangement* of » Committee appoint
cd for that purpo.e, at a meeting held In tiii* village on
the 12th, the grand celebration of the event of openinr
•he Welland ('anal for navigation; and the pa»*age of
the fire! ve»»rl Ihtough all the lock* (root Port fV.llioii
*ie, on I.'lie Ontario, to Hn/Tilo, on Lake Erie, via the
rivet* Welland and Niagara, will lake place on T.iee
day tlie 2-ltb inat. in a alyle worthy ol thi* important
and beneficial epoch in the history tff Canada."
<0 on'tj* iTtt'at'OXT*.
UK BATH OJT THU uiaur CUT sur'fa.tuii.
Mil. THOMPSON’S SPEECH.
Satukiiav, Novemuek 21.
Mr. ( ha i km a* : Tim gentleman liotu llrooke,
" ho hy I’ji liamr-utary usage, »va* entitled to the Hour
t iis morning, lia-inn lor the present waived hi* right, 1
ir>rt 'o solicit Ijr a short lime ill? attention of the Com
aiitlee, whilst 1 endeavor, in my poor manner, to dis
..taige an obligation ol «m y, which I owe to the eon*
'titucuU in part represented hy me in t|ii« Convention.
, **» a* you well know from personal experience, .Mr
Lliahinau, .i painful and embarras .ing du y. 1 would
In Ci »| ji been cominiltvd to oth- r and alder hands,
w lu-u I cutjsiilrr tlir time, place, ami circumstance* that
sin round nie, the riioineiitoua iut«r««t» involved in our
Irlibe rations, ami the weighty responsibility that io»t»
jm usch and every one ol us, in connection with the liu
liiih.y ol toy own pretensions, I almost shrink from the
ia>k that lie* bilotc me : but in the other band, when
tall to mind that I am the lepreseutative in part ofma
"V thousand free-men, wlio spontaneously, ami tviihon'
any solicitation ol mine, have clothed ma with this
high, delicate ami iespoiikib’o trust, tiilp.-rsou.il con-i
dor. (ions vanish, and I resolve fajilcssly lo speak their
sentiments on 111i* lloor, regardless ol all the sarcasm,
wit, iidicule and even derision, with which piincijile*
they hold dear and sacred, have been at tailed in the
progress ol the debates ol this Convention. Had not
impencil* duty, iu my Imuitle estimation, lorbiddeu si*
►ruee, my lips had h*tn sealed, hermetically sealed,
during the sessiju ol th:* ntigutl assembly. Hut I
should forever despis; invs.lt, it.whilst I am the repre
srntative of fieeuien, I coijhl sit by in silence and hear
the sacred ami minlicnatda rights of iu«n derided, and
should tamely shtink from tlivir dafstice, under tin in*
lluvuce of any unmanly laar of ciiiirittu, or of any per*
sonal consequences whatever.
I I-el ih.it 1 shall i.ai d hum h of the p*’ite alteutien
and kind indulgence r.l this Committee, to sustain me
iu th* task I have impjsvl on myself; and th-* wonted
magnanimity and couitny of a* Virginia Assembly I
am sure, will always accord it to a member of it* body,
so long a. that member shall merit it, by courtesy and
decorum on his part. I.iko an honortbla gentleman,
w ho addre**cd you on a lotuier day, tl this Convention,
I, too, may disclaim any intention nl -iiteiing the lists
to lue.k a lame, with th„ redoubtable kitigb’s w ho
have contended for victory’ on this aiefia I have m-i
thcr the prowess to impel, the strength to fti*'ain, nor
the panoply to protect me in *o un.*(|u.il a cot.Diet. In
common with this Committee, I h.ve participated in
the delight of listening ti the luminous and eloquent
arguments ol gentlemen that have add-cssed you on this
and other question*. And altar so la rioting on the
rich banquet they have spread bsfoie us, I but the
more regret tint I have nothing hut the homelie-t lair
to offer in return. I lament tnv inability to reciprocate
light lor light —I have the consolation,however, to know
that the same spit it which prompted ta the off-rinr of
'll1’ widow’s mile, h.>« dictated this poor attempt of mine;
and I,therefor* ,'rust that my offering, however hum le,
wi I meet a •iiinl.ar late, from the I, nignity of this Com
mittee. Mr. ( liainuan, I somewhat regret that iu thu
order of debate, i i* my lot to Ml . w tin talented and
eloquent gentleman from Chesterfield. I have not the
vanity to suppose, under th* most auspicious circum
stances, that 1 could intvrasl this enlightened commit
tee t*v any view I could present ol a subject, much
less when preceded in tha debate hy that gentleman
Helieve me, sir. I have not the vanity to contost with
hmi the palm of victory in (lie fields of rhetoric, of eru
dition or of wil. No, ,-ir. Asia tli'-m.sa far a* I aui
concerned. I leave him ihe tindispiCud victor of the
field. I do mean, however, in the coutse of my ro
mark*, lo question many ol hi* Iticf*, or rather assump
tions, ami tlie conclusions he has adduced from thu fact*
assumed.
...r. < tiairman, \ * rupl* got in li/ninr to avow ihat
I am one of those eiiiiiitaiy politician* who advocate
general suffrage, vrlmt g'l.tleinun are pleased to term
universal ruffing*. .A#„«, j„ this avowal, I behave I
.•peak the sentiment* ot a large tnajmity ol thy raiildtu
rnts. ‘Vims I mean t.y general suffrage, i* the exten
si i* ot .hit inestimable tight of vo mg in ilm rieetion of
all public functionaries, made eligible hy the people to
all white 11eeinen of the age ot 21 year* and upward*,
•*,'e citizens hy birth or resilience lor a certain time,
and who have discharged all the biirlhrns personal,
including toilili i duties, and pjcuniary, socli as taxes,
imposed upon them hy the law* ot the land, and ex
eluding such as are rendered infamous hy the romiiii>>
amn of crime. In other words, I wi*h to eatahludi a
qualification that is personal, and resperts age and rc«i
deuce, .Mill to abolish foicvvrthe freehold qualification,
which to me has at w ay* appear d all invidious and anti
repuli'ii an test. I,ike the gentleman Ironi Charlotte,
(Mr. It Mid dpli,) I did not come here to vote for the dt.«
frauchifeiiii lit ol me human being qualified to vote ux
ilerlhe olil Cou«litutinii, hut to aid in the enfranchise,
merit of all who c me within tile foregoing dosrriniimi
I came, here t » contribute m} fctllt* aid in tli* great rauno
of non-J'rcehol I emancipation, but not to imitate an ex
.•■•ijiIr .ei ii< el-civil re, of di-franchising the .|0 »hil
I'nIS *r,‘ •holders. I am, therefore, ili.nuelric.illy oppos
••<1 lo ill** a mend incut propo-ed hy the gentleman from
Chvsleifield, a. f am to all amendment* that go to ;e
strict the right of suffrage; and upon thi. question, I
will meet and take issue with the friends of freehold
qualification, amongst the most strenuous of whom, the
gentleman from Chesterfield, lias proved himself, by
the argument which lie yesterday addressed to thi*
Committee. I am willing to rest this argument upon the
authority of reason and common sense, the Mill of
Might*, upon lli- doctrine of expediency, or upon ex
pei ietice, w liirh, vitionary a* / am, I co:i*ider more
valuable than volumes ol spcculaiion and theory. It i*
with me perfectly indifferent, wh-th-r thi* right be
regar led as a natural, a social, a civil, or • political one;
lheconclii*i m at which I arrive, satisfactorily at least
to tuyse'l, is the same.
Before I proceed with my argument, f must trouble
the Coiliiiii'cc with a fair general observation* »ug
ges'ed hy the course of this debate. I cannot forbear
'o express my surprise an! regret at son g of the prin
ciples avow d by gentlemen on thi* floor, and the
change which public sentiment seems to have under
gone in Ibis ai.cient Cominonwcalth In the opinion
of mine gentlemen, govrrnmrnt has no principles,
flic Idea of patii iti'in and virtue even are exploded,
and ull-love and self-in'rrr*: are the only spring* of
human action. The right* .f 111*11 are a mere chimera
of dirteinpet d in,agination*, and in this debate havu
been ni de thi* theme of ridicule and deri'lon, -.ather
,hari eu'ogy. Against this, I solemnly Thar*
iva* a time when this would not have been endured,
when surli language would have been olf*n*ive (o re
publican ear*. In tli* whole p.ogre-* of thi* debate,
the name of Thoma* Jeff-r*on, the great Apostle ol li
berty, lias never once been invoked, nor has one appeal
been made to the author of the right* of man, whose
iminor'al work, in tli- darkest <1 iys of *ur revolution,
served »• a p dllical decalogue and op.ral-d a» a lalis
nun to lead our armies lo victory. 'There wa* a time
when it wa* honnuralde lo pr. fas* the faith of there
great fath-rsof the chinch, when it w is perilous lo ho
a scepMc, when tho name ol Fox wa* ventrated and
the principles of linrk» abhorred — hut tin- sentiment of
III* Matin |o*l quoted in 1 hi* debate are hut Ion true,
•* tempera miltanlur,” fcc. rendered into Kngli-h,
" M*o rliatigo with innnnur*, inaimor»rli,»iig« with clinics.
“ Tviiut* with book* hi, I principles with time*.”
Then the authority ot tiie sage of Mofiliecllo would liave
stood against tho world. now (hare aie "none *n poor
as to do him rever-nre.’’ Then wa* Biirke reg.inled a*
ills* enemy cf human right* an ! the firm»*t defender of
siistorr-cy and monarchy—hut now Hu.keg Filmer,
ami Mobbe*, judging Irom their arguurcnt*, have be
come tiie t -xt hooks of our statesmen.
Mr. Chairman, I have spoken of political faith and po
litieal church—it recall* lo my mind an observation I
b.iverft»n tn ie, and no doubt ha* often occurred to
the min I of evrrv member ol ihia Commif'ee—in I that
is the great similarity in th» conduct of the votaries of
religion ant! politic*. In these d >y« you find no atheist
and few prof• *«ei1 deist*, hut how many practical one*?
rtv 11 who, whilst they yield a «oit of historical belief nr
.-i-sent todivin# truths, live in the open and daily dis
regard of them, and utterly refuse all practical obedi
enre. They cannot impose upon Ibomselve* i| at for
bearance, self-denial, xml humility enjoined hy the au
thor of that religion—their pride and their tnsnliood re
volt at that text, which Informs them that th-y must
emulate the simplicity of infant innocence ere they rap
enter (h* kingdom of lfea*-en Ho, Mr. Chairman,
with a targe das* ol our politicians, who, whilst they
have not tli» hold daring to deny the great principle)
of our political faith, whilst they profess to keep dial
laith, they refuse all ptaciicsl obedience. They say
the theory is v-ry gojJ— but Ihe pride of intellect
and of wealth, that iuher .it love of distinction in man,
that overwhelming fell-love, and tint pharasaicat
spirit which induce* (rail man lo plume himself on hi*
own suppose.I perfections, and to congi ululate hitli-elf
on the iulirtniiies of his fellow-man — revolt at that po
litical equality taught us by the precept* and prac ice
of our forefather*. I like not their theoretical republi
canism. I cars not for professions unless the precept
mid the practice corr spoud— a* I will judge (lie tree
by it* fmil, a* I will judge the Christian by hi* works,
so I will judge the professor of republicanism by hi#
practice.
Let usuow, Mr. Chairman, return to the aobjart im
in-dial-If under considera'ion—the right of suffrage
I shall bestow but little time upon the consideration of i
the question, wbether it it a natural, social, civil, or j
political right — for the inquiry is rather curious *' an ,
Useful. What boot* it, il it be a valuabe right, whetli- j
er it lie the one or tho other? Nor shall I, like other j
gentlemen In* e done, rcs-'rt to anv laborious inquiry
into the question, whether a atate of nature ever in lact
existed? I leave thia lark where lLo*t gentlemen have
left it, who Ini o endeavoured by ino*t metaphysical
ergumviils to prove it a creature of abstraction. Thi»,
howi-far, 1 will sav, that whether it ever did or could
exist or not. it is a« fair and necessit y to suppose It* ex
istence, and to assume it as a postulate op which to
bottom a poli':-*al deduction, a« for the mathematician
to suppose the exi.trnce of a straight line on a pdnt,
as a postulate on w liicli to found bis demonstrations; nor
are maxims in politic* less useful in practical results to
the nU'sitnin, than ate the nxiumnta and postulata to
the practical geometrician.
" hat, then, is the right of sufTragc? Not what gen
tlemen teem to understand it, in it* technical an I con
fined sense, the light to vote lor public luiictiouaries
only, in a regular organized government:—in its on
larged sense, it is the right by which man first signi
fies his will to hornme a member of government of
the social compart—iho mean* by which that same
man give* expre-sion to hi« will in the foi m.ition of
tbiit compact, his consent to, or hi* veto upon measures
ol the government in legislation in a pure democracy,
as at Athens, and in othorsnf the ancient republics,
and some of the modern, or tho right ol voting for pub
lic func ionaries ns above mentioned, in a representa
tive democracy such a• on *, where the people do by
I their agent* what they could not conveniently or even
possibly do in person. This being >t* definition then, is
it a natural right? I understand natural right* to mean
«i>c*li as appertain to man in a state of nature; this ap
pertained to hi - in a state of nature, for it was by its
exetcise in that state that lie agreed to relinquish tho
nitural state and outer In’o society—Im*, say the gen
tlemen, such a state, never existed—tho consequence
is ih it man Ins no natural right*, if my definition of ua
’ural right lie correct—but the gentlemen admit he has
nattir.il tights, life, liberty, the pursuit of happiness,
ami the larant of acquiring and enjoying property—
suffrage is the •ubstiatuin, the paramount right upon
which all these rest lor protection, preservation, and
safety. Ibis right, as has been very properly said, has
it* origin in every human being, when he arrives at the
age of discretion: it is inherent, and appertain* lo him in
right of Itia existence; hi* person is the ti'le deed, un
lc«a it be those oh 'whom the same natural law has pro
nounced judgment of disability, or those who It -ve for
feited it by crime or profligacy: and one other class in
this country who must be the victim* of necessity- that
can *>^ver lia urged at an ex am pin for disfranchising
the wbite man. It is salt! not to ho a natural right, h«
C4us<5 we curtail, restrict, and confine it, ai h.-fore
said; that it ii forfeitable, and that our exceptions in
clude more than our rule. F.ife, liberty. See. are car
tailed, restricted, and forfei'ahle, ami subjected to ex
ceptions, vd they are admitted to he natural lights.
Natural rights may bo Iran.planted ii.to the social, ci
vil, and poiit’oal elate, yet they arc still natural rights.
\ distinguished state.man list ir.formed u* that most cf
our civil rights have natural lights to rest upon—nor do
1 think I should he. far wrong, were 1 to assort ili*l all
our important rights, whether civil, social, or political,
are, properly speaking,natural rights. The exceptions,
'vs a-'l admit to the universality of the right, hy which
the gentlemen endeavor to overthrow (tie rule itself,
1 .hall notice a little farther on. Hut suppose it he not
a natural right, it must he one of the ether three, and I
care not which —why should a majority of fie.-holders
have it in exclusion of a minority of re-'i-freeholders? If
tlirf non-freeholders were consulted, and upon the score
of expediency voluntarily made the surrender, there
would he no cause of complaint on their part —hut it is
claimed of (lit-in as a light. Have they ever been
consul'-d? No. l)o you purpose to rsnsult them?
N >. Then it come* to this, that a minority of one
I class have taken possession to the exclusion of a till
jority, not by the consent of tint m,.j ,rily, but by con
I sent among themselves, or by accident, or by jureili
ci.io I suppose, and now claim to bold tin- possession
| agaieist the right. Have not the majority as much
I right to exclude the minoiity as the niinotitv the ma
I »ft*, more. Hut we cleiiii for tli* poor no
; right to exclude the rich, forth* many no right to ex
! elude (lie l -w; we claim only rquali'y (which if equi
ty,) tor all, and deny ilia light of any arbitrarily to
exclude the i««t. Thesa claim* and <he*e denials, I
elated in the beginning, to lie founded upon rra«on and
roininou sense, upon our declaration of right*, which is
a plain and simple deduction of principle* bom tint par
amount source, right reason, upon experience, and t x
pcdicncy, tlie gen l.-in-ui’s own grounds.
By tlie way, I would a*k if it tie a question of expe
diency, why i. tlie non-freeholder not permitted to pa*«
upon the question by his vote? Why will you deny to
him an oppcriu'ii'y of making a merit of necessity, if
b- must he .lidr inrlii-ed? Why is it, that Virginia has
presented tlie first instance of a Convention called to
l°rin a Constitution without consulting tint non-free
holder, any more than your free negroe*, and without
allowing him any voice in the eleciion of delegates that
compose that Convention? And why Is if, that you
purpo-e lo carry the Injustice still farther by submitting
this Constitution to the ratification of Ire* holder* only.
If expediency he the pica, and it he true, and has been
true for more than half a century, why should gentls
•nen notv labor so hard to prove it? Are thssv argil
•iieiits to convince the freeholder* (hey ought to hold
•n, or lo reconcile the proscribed to their fate? Th#
object, Sir, is to induce tlie Ire-holder to hold an. not in
convince or to reconcile the non freeholder, for believe
me, sir, that ware impossible; you cannot convince a
fireman in this country (hat hi* neighbour lies mor*
political rights than himself, and that it i* expedient
lor him to he guilty of committing the suidieal folly of
surrendering up all or any of his rights into the hands
and keeping of others—you will find many man witling
to admit that lhnir neighbours are incapable of exer
cising the rights of sovereignty, hut noun that will as
cribe that incapacity to themselves— and I congratu
late tlie country upon the inarch of liberal principles,
that lb* freeholders themselves are prepared to sur
render those pretensions.—This is a freehold Conven
tion, and I believe that a In'g-i major i'y of ih • constitu
ent bodf have decided upon the abolition of the free
hu'd tc*t — utile** (lie worthy gentlemen who have
utidrrlak sn to rejudge their justice—should succeed in
their attempt to induce them to retrace their step*,
which fi ul forbid! — Mr. Charlman, I said the proposi
tion effl tiling the light o' general cuff ag- could b* sit*
tallied upon th*1 principle* ol iea on St common sense. Is
i* not so? Dom it not command tlie a**e;d ol very tinpfe*
ju heed ft unsophisticated mind a* almost a srlf-ovl
•lent 11 tills? It is nut the alTirinM'loii of a principle wiitleu
by the p- n of nature upon the heart of every human
b log, who’e spirit is no’ bowed down by oppression ami
political degradation?—Whodtnib'* the p opo ilinn when
it i* announ -ed? Not tlie- great body *1 the people. In
whom of light ihn rovneigoty resides, whose polar star
is right, ami not expediency,—None but fbo«e states
men who make h imau rights any thing or nothing to
suit their varying ides* ol expediency, which has been,
! »r» all ages, the pretext for every atrocity, the tyrant's
' plea, ami the Jesuit's watchword, Hut why need I de
| lain the Committee n di*ein*ins* principles derived
i from reason an I rommou sen**, Wtiich more than half
| a century ago, w ere d<nl»red by our forefa her*, and sa
happily expressed in our Hill of Rights? Here I* a text
that no commentary ran illustrate, written in characters
so legible, that he who runs may read, and in terms so
simple, so intelligible, and *o rousonirit to the love of
equal liberty implanted In our hearts, that it “come-,
home to the business and Imtnms of men ” To
tl i« text let us appeal foi the evidence of that right
ot suffrage for which I contend; a "right inest).
tnabh to freemen, and formidable to tyrants only "
The 1st article of the hill of right* reads tint*; “ That
all men are hv nature equally free ami independent,
and have Certain inherent right*, of which, when they
enter intoasla’o ot society, they cannot hy any com
pact, deprive or divest their po<teri*y, namely: the «n
I |OJmeat of life and liberty wi’h the means ol acquiring,
mid p->*<ti»-.i'.g property,aml puisu.llg slid obtaining hap
nine * and lately.” t he accond declare*, “lliai all
power i< vested in, and consrqiiently deiived Iroin, the
people: tint magistrates are their li u*ltrs, and servant*,'
and at all times amenable lo them.” Til-1 thud de
clare* the end and object ol govei iiineut lo be, “ I bo
common betieti', protection and security, ol (he propie,
nation, cr community,” :ml .1 [firms the 1 igli*. ol a majori
ty, “to 1 eforin, all.r, or abolish it, iu.ucli manner, n't
■■ball be “deemed most conducive lo the public weal.”
1 he sixth alliriii*, that “elections ought to be free, and
dial all men, having rullicieiit evidence ol perma ient,
common interest with, and attachment t >, thu csuununi
ty, have the right ol suffrage.”
Now, M r. Chuiriuan, it I were to a.k a plain man. who
were entitled to vote under these provision*, would he
answer laud owners only, or Mich persons as I hat*
heretofore described, iticlkding the great bo«ly of the
people, a majority at least? Ho certainly would irof
answer Irceholders—-there would be no doubt in it.*
mind, utiles* indeed, lie should chance to take the r 1
vice of counsel, who, like Doct. fJoubty, find doubt*
■11 every thing—then perhaps a doubt would be suK
gesled—but to understand the Bill ol Rights, requires
not tlie aid ot counsel, or statesmen, nor ol wise, nee
learned men: it is intelligible, to the 1110M unintelligent
above the grade ot non compos mentis—and wellii' is
| Mr. Chairman, thst it is sc.—M only the wise and the
1 learned wore capable of comprehending the fundamen
I (al right3 of a free government, such a government
[ could never have exuded, and if it had, would necessa
rily been of short duration. Bat n.,an we quote the
I bill of rights upon our opponents, they do not llrtly de
ny it* lorce and authority, hut explain it away by tlie
I constitution. They say their author* are the tamo men
j and that they have given a contemporaneous an I prac
bc.il exposition in tlie one, of what they meant by the
o'lier, in establishing freehold suffrage in tlie coustitu
| lion.—A conclusive auswer ta this lus been furnished
by the arguments of more than one geudeman, that
ha*preceded tru in the deba:e.
The circuriMtaoces in which our forefather* were
placed, and under which they a~ted, woulj have reu
dered it very unwise aiid impolitic to carry out at
that lim-s to their full result* all the principles estab
liiiied by tli- Bdi of Right*.—They had not the time,
bad it been wise to do *0.—They acted in haste, anil it
was then more than prohlcinatiral what wotii I ha lie
issue of die struggle they had just embarked it.—
Why should they then create divi-iem at linns, by
disturbing the seltl-d oide. of tiling., wh n harmony
was so essentia! to the success of iheir great enter
prise?—They thought it wi.e to leave die perfection
ol tiietrw.uk lor mure auspicious times; this wsraio
tnl.l by the immortal Jelfcrsou, and is every one must
infer from the instiuineut itself. I* this not piered
by the ordinance of tlie Convention, passed only
three days alter tlie Constitution, by which we adopt
ed for a system of distributive justice tlie common
I-mv of E igl.ind and the statutes made in aid thereof,
up lo ill • 4th yobr of James the 1st? Ily thia, wt> had
Migrat ed upon our cole the |aw of primogeniture,
of entail* and tlie institution* of tho hierarchy.
Might not the same rea.ous now assigned for adher
ing to the freehobt test, have been urged against our
statute of distribution*, tho sta ute lor docking en
tail* and the act ol religious toleration, the woik of
tlie iiiunort.il Jeflorsou?—l o the same causes, that wo
j« ign lor mi; aunpuon oi Ireehold suffrage in part,
want of time for reflection ami dr liberation, must Lu
ascribed another imperfection or inconsistency in tins
Constitution,—a failute to preset ibe any qualification
whatever for your Governor, your Judges, your Me
gifrates, your Militia O.Bccrs, Sec. .\o»v, is it not
absurd to say, that bo! ire a man ran vote for his
neighbor, to represent him in the Assembly, ha
must furnish as a tc-t of his independence or patriot
ism, the possession ol his 50 acie>?_yet no test
either of property, residence or citizenship, is requir
ed of your governor—for ought the Constitution
, cmlain*. your highest executive, your highest imti
\ ciat, and your highest military otlicers may he aliens.
I Tins sutsly proves the impertect character of the
[ instrument, ar.fl the cause of that imperfection, os
■ In.lore assigned; but it prov r also another thing—it
proves the absurdity and inutility of ths freehold
; test.—If you can tru.t your governor, to execute your
laws, and to temper them by the high prerogative of
j mercy, in the exetcUe of the portioning power; if you
can trust your live*, liberty, and properly to your Judges
| —the defence of your homes and your tire-sides to mi
; lit»*y commanders and militia-men, though they pos
; »ot one acre of land, and though they be as poor aa
I Lazarus; in the name of common sense, wtiy’ji U that
) you cannot trust » ciliz-n without 30 acres of land t>
go to the polls, and vote in tho election of public func
tionaries?
I
Mr. Chxirman, it lias been said by tb« genflemarx
Irom Chestnlialil and by other gentleman, that to
derive a rule from the law of nature ami ihe lj.ll of
High's, in rcla ion to suffrage, that is in its terms
universal, and that we ourselves ah.irulm it, and
thrrebv prove its fallacy: the females, including ono
half of the population, are disfranchised at one fell
swoop—minors, convicts, paupers, slaves, &c whirls
togctier, compo-e a large majori y of every commu
nity: and hence they argue, that aa our rule, if carried
out to pa extreme res.ilia, will not work well, that it
must he erroneous.—For this argument, i have a short
answer—it will not do to test any rule by extrema
cases. I picsuuie it cannot lie necessary lor me to
assign a reason lor the exceptions —In this the gen
tleman and iny-crlf would deqbtiess agree. II- has
j himself v-ry happily assigned (he reason for « 1ml
in< females: and couM assign reasons as sitisfactoiy
for the other axcep'iona. In the foregoing exceptions
we are all agreed. — I do not undars’and any of tliosw
• xcepted classes, as now comptaluing, nor that any
member of the enmnittee wishes to include th/m.
Why then lug their claims into Ibis debate ? — For
what putpo<edo the gentlemen to generously etep
forward to their relief—who seek no reli-f, ahil for
whom none is intended by either party?_I can (ell
you. Sir. Ih» gentlemen «rrk by argument to elevata
their rights, in order to di-parage ours.—I object to
Ibis rbxoge of issue ; the question is now between
freeholder and nou-lrecboldcr—to which contest
these others are no parties.— I insist upon a rompari
' «on of our titles in this our writ of rig tit, if I may
be allowed to borrow a figure from that profession
of which I am an humble member. In this form of
action, and no: as in ejectment, neither party can rely
upon the weakness of bis adversary’s ti'le, provided
it .he better than bis o wn—it is simply aa before stated,
a comparison of titles —this I Insist to be the
Istv of this case. —If (bn freeholder and non-lreehol
iler have usurped Ihe rights of other classes, H is no
reason in the mohth of the freeholder, against an equal
tlivl-ion of the spoil —I have always heard that honour
was observed cnong thrive* and robber*. I have
thought it necessary lo siy this much to shew that the
exclusion of females, Stc. had not legitimately the least
connection will this question.— U it be a good argu
ment, carried out to its results, it would justify any man
to make a slave of hi# neighbour: provided (hat neigh
bour happened lo be the owner of a slave.—The argu
ment of lliu kidnapper would be this, to hia enslaved
captive—"you, sir, held a fellow-creature In bondage,
beratt-c vou thought it expedient to do so. I have tho
same right lo enslave you, and i think it expedient lo d *
j • »• I justify myself by your own example. I try you
by your own rule—so wi h tl.e frrerholders, when
I they are challenged to slir w a hi tter title tha i the non
I freeholder—they resort to the plea < f expediency—that
J it is expedient they should have the pow r, and that air
' females, &.<•. are exc hided by unitu U consent, ei ge, wo
the freeholder* will exclude the non-fr*' lioldsrs because
they concurred sis Ihe exclusion oi lemaln*. minors, &.c.
— In wi st doe* the case just supposed,difTvr from this?
!b» we find that their arguments will not anide Ihe t«it
of being rsr.inl lo their extreme results. — And this is
not the only argument of ilia gentlemen, nhiioxieQ* to
the same criticism. In lbs discussion of tile ques
tion of repre*cillation, they contended for the mix
ed basi*: we replied, that it was inadmissible, that
it was anti-republican, to give out political pow
er, in proportion to the wealth of tbs voter—end
tint if it was just, lo give one district weight in
I proportion to Its wealth, it was equally so to divide
j power among citizen* of the same county in the same
I 'tilt, And so it it: but of this Argument they com
I pruned as 'being unfair, and founded on extremes,
which they safd wa* an unfair mole of treating their
proposition. And this reminds tne of a discrepancy
hetwren tue first and la»t argument of the gentleman
from riieslerfi••Id. in tho argument of the question
of representation, ws contended that the fears of the
ea-t were unfounded—for that all the country be
tween the Alleghany and (ho set-shore, was slave
bolding— tlrat it therefore had a common interest,
land would always have Ihe power, as It now had —